<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-24-009529.txt : 20240311
<SEC-HEADER>0001493152-24-009529.hdr.sgml : 20240311
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240311144726
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-24-009529
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-Q
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		105
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240131
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240311
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240311

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IDT CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001005731
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	06 Technology
		IRS NUMBER:				223415036
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0731

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-Q
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-16371
		FILM NUMBER:		24737587

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD ST
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
		BUSINESS PHONE:		973 438 1000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 BROAD STREET
		CITY:			NEWARK
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07102
</SEC-HEADER>
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<TYPE>10-Q
<SEQUENCE>1
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  <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 </b></span></td></tr>
</table>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> &#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Commission File Number: <span id="xdx_902_edei--EntityFileNumber_c20230801__20240131_zOss1Ck5jYZ5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityFileNumber" id="ixv-21831">1-16371</ix:nonNumeric></span> </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b><span id="xdx_901_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20230801__20240131_zc1K1ewQqPO8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="ixv-21832">IDT
CORPORATION</ix:nonNumeric></span> </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b></b></span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="text-align: center; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90B_edei--EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_c20230801__20240131_zE8Kk9c0R2pd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" id="ixv-21834">22-3415036</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(State or other jurisdiction of</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>incorporation or organization)</b></span></p></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(I.R.S. Employer</b></span></p>
    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Identification Number)</b></span></p></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90D_edei--EntityAddressAddressLine1_c20230801__20240131_zuJ4AmdebqCb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1" id="ixv-21835">520
    Broad Street</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityAddressCityOrTown_c20230801__20240131_zZUztrA6Soa"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown" id="ixv-21836">Newark</ix:nonNumeric></span>, <span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityAddressStateOrProvince_c20230801__20240131_zKJ5o0w7iOp5"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince" id="ixv-21837">New Jersey</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityAddressPostalZipCode_c20230801__20240131_zpXsgufFQ3Ye"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode" id="ixv-21838">07102</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Address
    of principal executive offices)</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Zip
    Code)</b></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_90D_edei--CityAreaCode_c20230801__20240131_zp2PbcL7a4ai"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="ixv-21839">(973)</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_909_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20230801__20240131_zUubTTnPGhEa"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" id="ixv-21840">438-1000</ix:nonNumeric></span> </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including area code) </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title
    of each class</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 2%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name
    of each exchange on which registered</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_edei--Security12bTitle_c20230801__20240131_zQUfAzZU5oJ1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="ixv-21841">Class
    B common stock, par value $.01 per share</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_904_edei--SecurityExchangeName_c20230801__20240131_zTR9mMz2qU7a"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="ixv-21842">New
    York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="width: 25%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 50%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trading
    symbol: <span id="xdx_90E_edei--TradingSymbol_c20230801__20240131_zXOj43KIbIeb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="ixv-21843">IDT</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; vertical-align: top; width: 25%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports),
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. <span id="xdx_909_edei--EntityCurrentReportingStatus_c20230801__20240131_zgwu2wnTe5v6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityCurrentReportingStatus" id="ixv-21844">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746; No &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"> Indicate by
check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule
405 of Regulation S-T (&#167; 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files). <span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_c20230801__20240131_zOSYi2vg3mBl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" id="ixv-21845">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span> &#9746; No &#9744;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221;
&#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Large
    accelerated filer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 42%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 30%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityFilerCategory_c20230801__20240131_zmQJt9JCerO6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory" id="ixv-21846">Accelerated
    filer</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9746;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated
    filer</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9744;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Smaller
    reporting company</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntitySmallBusiness_c20230801__20240131_zbPAMI1tRUzh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness" id="ixv-21847">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
    growth company</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20230801__20240131_ziYJDGKugHnd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="ixv-21848">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes &#9744; <span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityShellCompany_c20230801__20240131_zQg6hLJw9FH2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityShellCompany" id="ixv-21849">No</ix:nonNumeric></span>
&#9746;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
As of March 6, 2024, the registrant had the following shares outstanding:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 40%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
A common stock, $.01 par value:</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 60%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20240306__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_zl0FJXHQMJXd"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-03-06_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-21850">1,574,326</ix:nonFraction></span>
    shares outstanding (excluding 1,698,000 treasury shares)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Class
B common stock, $.01 par value:</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_909_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20240306__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziZxhtTjxpBc"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-03-06_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-21851">23,813,251</ix:nonFraction></span>
    shares outstanding (excluding 4,309,732 treasury shares)</span></td></tr>
  </table>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">TABLE
OF CONTENTS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_001"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">3</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_002"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial Statements (Unaudited)</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">3</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_003"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Balance Sheets</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">3</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_004"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Income</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">4</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_005"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">5</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_006"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Equity</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">6</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_007"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">8</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_008"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">9</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_009"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">26</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 3.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_010"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">36</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 4.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_011"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Controls and Procedures</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">36</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_012"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PART II. OTHER INFORMATION</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 1.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_013"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal Proceedings</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 1A.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_014"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Risk Factors</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 2.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_015"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 3.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_016"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defaults Upon Senior Securities</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 4.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_017"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mine Safety Disclosures</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 5.</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_018"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other Information</span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item 6.</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">37</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="#a_020"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES </b></span></a></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center">38</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_001"></span><b>PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_002"></span><b>Item
1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)</b></span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span id="a_003"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsNoncurrent_i01I_maAzB8T_zPCbO1iQDfmf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Assets_i01TI_mtAzB8T_z3FW0GDXYtCg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_iB" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_i01B_zGKNwZMn0cs5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_i02I_maLCzQxZ_zHw2WHgCWUE8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCzQxZ_zzgtBAKTEE9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_i02I_maLCzQxZ_ztzpj8ovkzU5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Deferred revenue</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--DepositLiabilityCurrent_i02I_maLCzQxZ_zrAPTxmmUeRk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Customer deposits</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCzQxZ_zZE3oxiq5Ej5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Settlement liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-21901">21,495</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_i02I_maLCzQxZ_zSkPp5ClyHd9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other current liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-21902">19,194</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-21903">17,761</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesCurrent_i02TI_mtLCzQxZ_maLzd1e_zthB4zVAoAcb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_i01I_maLzd1e_zfD5dmfHwSY2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_i01I_maLzd1e_zt6OZHRYdyk8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-21908">3,716</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--Liabilities_i01TI_mtLzd1e_maLASEz9hJ_z78swHJ6kBTf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 30pt; text-align: left">Total liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingencies_i01I_maLASEz9hJ_z2w287DdvZl4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Commitments and contingencies</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_i01I_maLASEz9hJ_zq6hjBmmydFk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Redeemable noncontrolling interest</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--EquityAbstract_i01B_z7LItiJyUFt3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Equity:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityAbstract_i02B" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PreferredStockValue_i03I_pn3n3_maSEzG7Z_z9jMZ7RTvFSi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i03I_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassAMember_maSEzG7Z_zlr5uPnSx87c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CommonStockValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassAMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-21929">33</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i03I_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_maSEzG7Z_zl2LluZVL3Xj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--CommonStockValue_i03I_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_maSEzG7Z_zHb1pzG7JBe4" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--AdditionalPaidInCapital_i03I_maSEzG7Z_zyqVMgjKU3Ub" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValue_i03NI_di_msSEzG7Z_zIcO6fhu86F7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_i03I_maSEzG7Z_zmMrnsGdGOgf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_i03I_maSEzG7Z_z2PXTqdW64Jd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Retained earnings</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquity_i03TI_pn3n3_mtSEzG7Z_maSEIPAzs80_zHPRrjTHi1Mb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_i02I_maSEIPAzs80_zO4pcvY8ppSj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Noncontrolling interests</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_i02TI_mtSEIPAzs80_maLASEz9hJ_zQoKcYYxZcik" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
<b><span id="a_004"></span>IDT CORPORATION </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other income (expense), net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Income before income taxes</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22004">32,169</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Provision for income taxes</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22008">7,939</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22009">9,634</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_iT_mtCzXy3_maCzLHv_zLXhZwBRbzo8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net income</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22011">15,309</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProfitLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22013">27,864</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22014">1,329</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22015">686</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22016">2,146</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22017">2,239</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLoss_iT_mtCzLHv_z5cxrwrHC2tk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net income attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22019">14,623</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22020">22,084</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22021">25,625</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareAbstract_iB_zUBPkcHd1TR" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareBasic_i01_pid_zCF72xDMNXvf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="display: none; vertical-align: top">
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</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span id="a_005"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_006"></span>IDT
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-10-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22077">6,922</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2023-10-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22078">206,967</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_zdQ11HAkxRna" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0408">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0409">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0410">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22079">319</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0412">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0413">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0414">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22080">319</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_ecustom--ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_zPmtnynuhsR7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0417">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0418">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22081">3,611</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0420">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"/><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0421">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0422">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22082">53</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22083">3,558</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_zPXTNzy5CYI5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock </td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0426">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22084">2</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22085">81</ix:nonFraction></p></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0429">&#8212;</span></p></td><td style="text-align: left"/><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0430">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0431">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22086">83</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0433">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left"/></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_pn3n3_zpOMSo2ed1Sk" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_zIxfdisEaYih" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Stock-based compensation</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0445">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22087">1,810</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0447">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0448">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0449">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0450">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22088">1,810</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0453">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0454">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0455">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0456">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0457">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0458">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22089">4</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22090">4</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_zVxJTlQZKW9h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0462">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0463">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0502">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0503">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_zsBuoe5FXfj3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0517">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0518">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0520">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0521">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0528">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0529">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0537">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0538">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0539">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0546">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0547">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0548">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_iN_di_zvl1AJohNOW4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0553">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0554">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0555">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0556">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0557">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_zjO8LoNj2Iph" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0561">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0562">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0563">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0564">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0566">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0567">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0571">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0572">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0573">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0574">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">BALANCE AT JANUARY 31, 2024</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF EQUITY&#8212;Continued</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0601">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0610">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0611">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0612">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0615">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0616">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0617">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0618">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0619">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0620">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_zrMDZ1f4E4w2">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Other</p>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center">Total Equity</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22169">277</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 5%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" contextRef="AsOf2022-07-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22170">296,005</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised_zdtxSPNCac4e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Exercise of stock options</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0670">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0672">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0673">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0674">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0675">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_zfYsagX7bQw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0678">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0679">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0680">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22186">5,006</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0682">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0683">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0684">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22187">5,006</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_ecustom--TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_zCw7QABFOH0c" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0687">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0688">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0689">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22188">335</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0691">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0692">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0693">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22189">335</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_pn3n3_zRsyHD3QQNSb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0696">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0697">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22190">615</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0699">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0700">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0701">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0702">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22191">615</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_zpjJR7ZvNEu9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Stock-based compensation</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22192">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapitalMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22193">1,857</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0708">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0709">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0710">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0711">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22194">1,858</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_iN_di_zNm98DlPjKRh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0714">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0715">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0716">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0717">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0718">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0719">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NoncontrollingInterestMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22195">187</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22196">187</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_zOcGCvDI9xwg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Other comprehensive loss</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0723">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0724">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0725">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0726">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22197">2,406</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0728">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0729">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22198">2,406</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_zTpUt9GdKq9f" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10pt">Other comprehensive income (loss)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0732">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0733">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0734">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0735">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22199">2,406</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</table>


<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">See
accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 7; Value: 2 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt">&#160;</div>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span id="a_007"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
CORPORATION</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_308_112_pn3n3_zpOwpY8VYn6i" summary="xdx: Statement - Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Provision for credit losses, doubtful accounts receivable, and reserve for settlement assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Net unrealized loss from marketable securities</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock-based compensation</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_i02B_zQVYBvQ5GfPh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Change in assets and liabilities:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_i03N_di_msNCPBUzKIx_zjehfGj07V4d" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Trade accounts receivable</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22234">7,040</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22235">2,483</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_i03N_pn3n3_di_msNCPBUzKIx_zbyiRKLFObO9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22236">9,966</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left"/><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22237">2,323</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_i03_pn3n3_maNCPBUzKIx_zB94bBzZTOgj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22238">12,021</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22239">19,344</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_i03_maNCPBUzKIx_z8eLd1ZkD8k9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Customer deposits at IDT Financial Services Limited (Gibraltar-based bank)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22240">2,253</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22241">15</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Deferred revenue</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22243">1,795</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_i01T_pn3n3_mtNCPBUzKIx_maCCERCzyis_zEIhfYdGpTog" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22244">39,723</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22245">35,616</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_iB_zj1auZszrk8e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><b>Investing activities</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_i01N_di_msNCPBUzWHf_zmQWSJ0KkM2f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Capital expenditures</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22246">8,885</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22247">10,578</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_i01N_di_msNCPBUzWHf_z9hCycZDtJE9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22248">1,009</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0823">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_i01N_di_msNCPBUzWHf_zQtD2GKOGJ82" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Payments for acquisition</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22249">60</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0826">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_i01N_di_msNCPBUzWHf_z7ntQHItWmo3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Purchases of debt securities and equity investments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22250">19,357</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22251">28,129</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_i01_pn3n3_maNCPBUzWHf_ziChUcRBlTzf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22252">31,231</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22253">27,531</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_i01T_mtNCPBUzWHf_maCCERCzyis_zuqTA6xlcSdi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22254">1,920</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left"/><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22255">11,176</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_iB_z1Ui3XEZKmh6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left"><b>Financing activities</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution_i01N_di_msNCPBUz9wU_zQJDWBgroaAl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22256">59</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22257">187</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromOtherDebt_i01_maNCPBUz9wU_zFJVQqWm0fO8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Proceeds from other liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromOtherDebt" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22258">100</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromOtherDebt" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22259">300</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_i01N_di_msNCPBUz9wU_zgvSDJ8hmL44" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Value of Class B common stock exchanged for National Retail
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_008"></span><b>IDT CORPORATION </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Unaudited)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock" id="ixv-4664"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zBn8O2NAdUE1" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
1&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_ze31ZkMvVu41">Basis of Presentation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221; or
&#8220;IDT&#8221;) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X.
Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the
opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have
been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results
that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024. The balance sheet at July 31, 2023 has been derived from the
Company&#8217;s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S.
GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes
thereto included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending
in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2024 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of January 31, 2024, the Company owned <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z2mbkSg7kPsf" title="Ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22283">94.0</ix:nonFraction></span>%
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary,
net2phone 2.0, Inc. (&#8220;net2phone 2.0&#8221;), which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zKs8Ddx1NS3" title="Ownership percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22284">81.2</ix:nonFraction></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions (&#8220;NRS&#8221;), and, on a fully diluted basis, assuming all the vesting criteria
related to various rights granted have been met and other assumptions, the Company would own <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zRYOgc8dq273" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22285">90.8</ix:nonFraction></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
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of NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription" id="ixv-4690"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zgciuZdZZg5g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_864_z5TTKQNETRra">Reclassifications</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and
&#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense and is reporting gross profit (in accordance with U.S. GAAP) in the
consolidated statements of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated
statements of income. Depreciation and amortization expense of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zJKDP31zLlT1" title="Depreciation and amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22287">5.0</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation as follows:
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million was reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z4tsMwN1W6yk" title="Depreciation and amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22289">3.9</ix:nonFraction></span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense, and depreciation and amortization expense of
$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zKa5bk098037" title="Depreciation and amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22290">9.8</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in the six months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation as follows:
$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zUlp3o3IqD1h" title="Depreciation and amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22291">2.1</ix:nonFraction></span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z0fhjsS6dL49" title="Depreciation and amortization"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22292">7.7</ix:nonFraction></span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash provided by &#8220;Trade accounts receivable&#8221; in the six months ended January 31,
2023 of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_z7O81wh6ICu4" title="Trade accounts receivable"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22293">13.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million was reclassified to &#8220;Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets,
and other assets&#8221; to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock" id="ixv-4712"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zBYZwNmMGGCl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zy1C3fY1Vpc1">Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit
Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,</i> that changed the impairment model for most financial
assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, entities are required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss
model to determine its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining the allowance
for credit losses for its trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based
on past experience, taking into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company
also considers future economic trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks will be assessed
based on historical write-offs, net of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally
increasing as the receivable ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist,
such as pending bankruptcies. Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not
be recovered. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the concept of &#8220;other-than-temporary&#8221; impairment
was replaced by a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#8220;Other income (expense), net&#8221;
in the consolidated statements of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_850_zygl6Hyr3nk8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 9; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-4732"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zRb5iOtrir0h" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
2&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_ztMiXbutq6q6">Business Segment Information</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_pid_dc_uSegments_c20230801__20240131_zHKiMhQvqjsc" title="Number of reportable segments"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="INF" unitRef="Segments" id="ixv-22294">four</ix:nonFraction></span>
reportable business segments, NRS, Fintech, net2phone, and Traditional Communications. Any items not included within, or allocated
to, one of the segments is presented under &#8220;Corporate.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point-of-sale (&#8220;POS&#8221;) network providing independent retailers with store management
software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS platform provides marketers with digital
out-of-home advertising and transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services; and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation
(&#8220;Leaf&#8221;), a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, a variable interest entity that operates money
transfer businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#8220;IDT Financial Services&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s Gibraltar-based
bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s cloud communications and contact center offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of
airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution Calling, an international
long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a
wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide.
Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature
businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker. The accounting
policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations
to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock" id="ixv-4768"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zKoCd27sIUhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_zFpwv2wKKeee" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><b>(in thousands)</b></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_z5xfCXu5aCQ4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22301">736</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyvp1FoYYgGi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Depreciation and amortization:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43A_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z7jjZGP6X3uj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Included in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22309">185</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0947">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22310">1,330</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z2jZwHcj8Ei4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Included in &#8220;Selling, general and administrative expense&#8221;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22312">662</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22313">952</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Three Months Ended January 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRQhfosCTH2e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Revenues</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22318">20,321</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22319">17,794</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22320">255,999</ix:nonFraction></span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0961">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22321">313,936</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_439_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zLpQ6URp7G75" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Income (loss) from operations</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22322">5,374</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22323">806</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22324">575</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22325">17,008</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22326">2,820</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22327">18,181</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43A_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zWWDzOONXex6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Depreciation and amortization:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z0ReqZJ3xcal" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Included in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22328">357</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22329">21</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22330">536</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22331">191</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0982">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22332">1,105</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zoQpKzP0C6l6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Included in &#8220;Selling, general and administrative expense&#8221;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22335">855</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Six Months Ended January 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDRI4e3mfpY8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Revenues</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0996">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22343">597,302</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzKEsdSVHqJf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Income (loss) from operations</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22345">2,120</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22346">360</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left"/><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22347">30,024</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22348">5,891</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22349">33,183</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyaHO1PaGaF5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Depreciation and amortization:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zEchxcujXV6l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Included in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22351">85</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22352">1,199</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22353">369</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22354">2,586</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_ziMZ8GsLYUJl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Included in &#8220;Selling, general and administrative expense&#8221;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22356">1,333</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22357">1,792</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22358">3,807</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_us-gaap_CorporateMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22359">49</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22360">7,560</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td><b>Six Months Ended January 31, 2023</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRZfjXLUtzfa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>Revenues</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22362">40,208</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1031">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22365">635,752</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zo9tGyo15yij" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Income (loss) from operations</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22367">706</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zWjN9Tnk0Ro4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></p>

<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 10; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

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3&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_z21Ta6vBM12i">Revenue Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#8217;s core assets. BOSS Money&#8217;s and NRS&#8217; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time,
and net2phone&#8217;s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications
services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#8217;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital
Payments, BOSS Revolution Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumer and through
distributors and retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Disaggregated
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230801__20240131_z9zfHDuGRxyi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZMmkgcrLebe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zaTzNcdSitC5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock" id="ixv-5951"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDUhlebawVC9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:
</span></p>

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of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><b>(in thousands)</b></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z6XZ9vD4ShLe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_437_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zdpyzEj72na2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zOQEzDbXeOkd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1178">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1179">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_438_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zatKmczRKuXa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_430_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zgwBs0WyVQM3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22475">79,575</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zWpenZv3Yxxi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zMY3ll8CdLC3" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 11; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zbQTLTLmp2kh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zE6ZOZrmRXDd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22500">126,413</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zR0NIvQR4Irb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0Njrcot081b" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zeVSSqHyb5xi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zID2o6g0WpMa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqiQ2cXRJUsa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zBukiIsqSWs8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_431_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zIQMOaRySi92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22528">40,208</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22529">34,744</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZDlrNJfQ5Lk" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22532">39,135</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22533">40,208</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22534">34,744</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22535">521,665</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Revenues" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22536">635,752</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zyOudyCZzjQf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Remaining
Performance Obligations </i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of January 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Accounts
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

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timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#8217;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
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when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract
assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
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liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

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<i>&#160;</i></span></p>

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If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs, the Company applies
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to expense as incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zZrva8PgggFg" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%">
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A4_z91aFfc0OPIj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
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<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="IDT:AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-7273"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zGbEpFQikioe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B9_zjMNslriWMie" style="display: none">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 003 -->
</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A5_zaYqh47RqG" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" id="ixv-7353"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z7INJG47dLDf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
4&#8212;<span id="xdx_823_zvv5Iv0A5Agb">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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years</ix:nonNumeric></span>. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The
Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
is the lessee under equipment leases that are classified as finance leases. The assets and liabilities related to these finance leases
are not material to the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock" id="ixv-7369"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zJ8khxrPqJ23" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#8217;s operating leases were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B5_zREQSY14C7Kg" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</span></p>

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<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" id="ixv-7581"><p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_z4z31RgtXsPf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B0_zsiLXyg7STP1" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></p>

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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_ziAKASSURc3c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock" id="ixv-7648"><p id="xdx_890_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zGKsqsEfDPO9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zgknJEpLnlEb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zarMmO386QDc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock" id="ixv-7726"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zqR9AHxxqDMh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B1_zSORGLoXzmRf" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><b>(in thousands)</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20240131_z6lDh0Wfh2qg">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zK8uqaQOZuD5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">2029</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zbMeRYpQtGMf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Total lease payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Total operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22605">5,258</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A8_zYqq53zJniPg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-7814"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_z1NwrowJC3gi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
5&#8212;<span id="xdx_826_zThrMDgB6EO7">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-7820"><p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zNJcJQggVe98" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BA_z0xBWUlPEOOc" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_zB8ASaaR4rJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_zcW8VW548Hlj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22608">93,231</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zJCoFW82SoZg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22610">234,312</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22611">198,823</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A7_zQBtzMs7ht8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zDeVe89iWkki" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22612">88.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zZj9kb7x5uzl" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22613">87.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, in restricted
cash and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 14; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#8217;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets included an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zQufZIA98OV3" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22614">39.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zF569fJThwb1" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22615">20.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services
of New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-7919"><p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zjGyYVTQ4XR9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
6&#8212;<span id="xdx_826_zrHm1M8LKTKg">Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock" id="ixv-7925"><p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zCHVAmeE2ih6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<span id="xdx_8B2_zT5lguNwfU57" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Amortized Cost</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Gross Unrealized Gains</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Gross Unrealized Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in thousands)</b></span></td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>January 31, 2024:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%">Certificates of deposit*</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zF5WW7G1FDu3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001435" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">960</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zEmgdBPy0Xua" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1437">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zHzNTuH2pzXe" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1439">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"/><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zTmaGi2fJ0xb" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" id="Fact001441" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">960</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zLiR28YLD4Vl" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22618">23,738</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn2qP7APNsaa" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22619">12</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zhQPO65ihnq2" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22620">76</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zOcnPXEflcLg" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22621">23,674</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z4lHu0FhAhmk" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22622">3,261</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zFpzqYIebRXb" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22623">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zjQgsJpLDMM4" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22624">3</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z0JI0obgJqR4" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22625">3,259</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zj2GoHcmoS0l" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22626">3,901</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ1qRamkMwv2" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22627">1</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP8FzVbVNEw5" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22628">376</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFMMbF2wmhC" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22629">3,526</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zhgzxsyWGBCb" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22631">14</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>July 31, 2023:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5zsllvIvpEb" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22637">31,186</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zBYO6MFkXeid" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1493">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zp2rtePjLTz" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22641">8</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zxnkoRUNEGAh" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22642">3,873</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVR5kpMkQZjh" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22643">3,912</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zutqnFZ8htoi" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1501">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYpRyx4fTxY1" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22644">485</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zGXBhyVnASc7" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22645">3,427</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zwXwiBwwZU1a" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22646">43,059</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIyf6a0ZUMtj" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1509">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zl5Ui1CPWjy" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22647">645</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zJydKqTjkMz4" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22648">42,414</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_F0D_zlR6eEPiUBhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F13_zq3DLJ18GP8e" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001514" xml:lang="en-US">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</ix:footnote></span></td></tr>
</table>


</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zbyBXZTUJcdb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated
balance sheets. As of January 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or
market liquidity and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company did not
intend to sell any of the securities with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company
will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20231101__20240131_z4G7wYugehE8" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22650">14.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zEB4aBLOS1zb" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22651">16.1</ix:nonFraction></span> million in the three
months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zIHiRAUbQ617" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22652">31.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zN8XsySzt99g" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22653">27.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and
2023, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three and six months ended January
31, 2024 and 2023. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales
of debt securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock" id="ixv-8254"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zmn4eE5A05v3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_z3x2XOmstprf" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240131_zL1QsLE2umUj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in thousands)</b></span></td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zyHIpBWXhC5f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Within one year</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zfq38sRlTgWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_ztgu87K5ropk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">After five years through ten years</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_z93UKn3krlH5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">After ten years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zKTH3XHYWCu1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zucYXZjOd0sh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 15; Value: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->15<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock" id="ixv-8320"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zvecwng99B2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zqix8cCZSsl8" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Unrealized Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>January 31, 2024:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zD5nDFkyDS06" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1538">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zCgBmbF7tyJ5" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zwCFPXAeQpwh" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22659">76</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5H2P3rJ00U1" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22660">21,754</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zA4h2Cte10r2" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22661">3</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zapKeFYjk0e1" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22662">2,910</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zbXhBVhlxZB8" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22663">376</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zKxGeIto0DB7" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22664">3,384</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zKQB228zR9ha" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22665">455</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSmojKOYkL09" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22666">28,048</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>July 31, 2023:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zM2e1ZLdwBG3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22667">4</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zI4jNMOycrH3" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22668">3,356</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zX7XhAwTmBH1" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22669">148</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zxGFujR3YBJd" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22670">31,038</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNgXoIN47zui" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22671">8</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zJmY6r1lx6tb" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22672">3,873</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zeB9rXFCEMYg" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22673">485</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVLhkheY0e2c" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22674">3,368</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zftZvel5ke92" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22675">645</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zTiGRVlXGwIh" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22676">41,635</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AB_zQ53jE3Gzeu9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock" id="ixv-8498"><p id="xdx_896_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_zCJEbFMiFRc9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BD_z0QZZhnaFmF2" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Unrealized Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>January 31, 2024:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zeCB6XyZ9cWh" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22677">63</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn1O57DZiUK2" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22678">2,837</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z69QmM3Vu0Fi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22679">376</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfBOvXuJGnkc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22680">3,384</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSUoJvwxdRBe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22681">439</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zHw4NVtzBXph" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22682">6,221</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>July 31, 2023:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zq5OGjF6KVG1" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22683">86</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zyP46hOJLtll" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22684">816</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znOsba4Q9j1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22685">484</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ztM8fbTIJ40c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22686">3,299</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z58Q8qbupIvk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22687">570</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zjCtEVD8dVcb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22688">4,115</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zKc1dMgSQGol" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>
<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 004 -->
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock" id="ixv-8638"><p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_zbs4WVLKbrr8" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
7&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zQEjxppTbMa1">Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-8644"><p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zgw9C8NZlcMf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
investments consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BB_z9N2rwRw2pV6" style="display: none">Schedule of Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49E_20240131_z1ofF8kgkfva" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49D_20230731_zIY7YW3vaVR5" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, <span id="xdx_901_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zL0M0UjYQZCi" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_90D_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zpcKHVIqUPzb" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22689"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22690">42,282</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zE84L0Xd953g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, <span id="xdx_906_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zkLOnj5mFl0d" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zK2dVJ2nIj54" title="Number of related party shares received" class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22693"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22694">278,810</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> shares at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Other marketable equity securities</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Fixed income mutual funds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Current equity investments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zG08e3bPOxy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#8220;Visa Series C Preferred&#8221;)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Hedge funds</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Noncurrent equity investments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LongTermInvestments" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22711">7,558</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AA_zVPTpQCLrNKf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors, is also the Vice-Chairman of the Board
of Directors of Zedge, Inc. and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael Holdings, Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span id="xdx_8BD_z3V3W4RfRib6" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231101__20240131_zGTeBYi8Jjid" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_zXRPqsY1NZCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company increased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class
A common stock, including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as &#8220;Adjustment for observable transactions
involving a similar investment from the same issuer&#8221; in the table above. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Regal
Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company received cash of $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn5n6_c20231201__20231231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RegalBancorpMember_ziNgv9K64pd6" title="Cash"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" contextRef="From2023-12-012023-12-31_custom_RegalBancorpMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22728">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million in December 2023 in exchange for its shares of Regal Bancorp common
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-9037"><p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zQSOGmCID7dc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair
value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zJPbwG8eenm7" style="display: none">Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></p>

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  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22741">82</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_z9Tkf1aQrx4k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Zedge Class B common stock</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22744">57</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22745">3</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22746">49</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22747">24</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22748">715</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"/><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22749">250</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22750">332</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22751">2,187</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
</table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A8_zm7pjT8ndm6g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Equity
Method Investment </i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or &#8220;EMI&#8221;).
As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company&#8217;s ownership was <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zb9vKKkhzsDb"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22752">33.4</ix:nonFraction></span>% and <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zAhU5hxwoxvi"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22753">33.3</ix:nonFraction></span>%, respectively, of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding
shares on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#8217;s shares, there were differences between its investment in
the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zIAhCFV1maA8" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22754">8.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s
customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#8217;s interest in the EMI. <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230801__20240131_zXPzwpjYTel9" title="Equity method investment, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" id="ixv-22755">These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list.</ix:nonNumeric></span> In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of
equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#8220;Other income (expense), net&#8221; (see Note 17).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2024, each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders (including the Company) agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s
convertible preferred stock. The Company paid $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240201__20240229__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zrPMUp97pEu2" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2024-02-012024-02-29_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22756">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in February 2024 and is committed to pay $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240301__20240331__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zUBpTjkx1Pv3" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" contextRef="From2024-03-012024-03-31_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22757">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span>
million in March 2024 to purchase the additional shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 17; Value: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->17<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
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    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock" id="ixv-9356"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zzDgfiNmelPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A3_zjjs7zZKOugc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="IDT:EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock" id="ixv-9530"><p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zRmMJmqFMA8a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B6_zFt4TnDfeBK1" style="display: none">Summary of Statements of Operations</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS8NfVkWJPu5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A2_zHhkFDZBLBli" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock" id="ixv-9801"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_zsoKNEKd5Li3" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
8&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_z8tLY75laHvd">Fair Value Measurements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock" id="ixv-9807"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zrS55N6NhHSl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z9PUQZGCeeD6" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1793">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zZjb1gjvHjzd" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVx2jujGDnS7" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22806">5,076</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z630FrmJoN9h" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1799">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z1QG94pikfN2" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001801" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,000</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zYajMIaOtDS8" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001803" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,450</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zPuHYz3RUQ73" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22809">2,450</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zb0l4uFAHYt" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001809" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">8,745</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zwdbWBHbnZZk" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001811" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,450</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpcbGD3ZhSra" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22813">38,945</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z23AhUrgTCai" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1815">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zkT1dHx7Qwti" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1817">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGnknwTi519j" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001819" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,945</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zrnGi0EeO2ne" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22815">1,945</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zhB964xHEVei" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6CqidrNjvug" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1825">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zHozaiExpTHh" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001827" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,572</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zE4IFOOUSPGj" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22817">2,572</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z63FJUEJd184" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001835" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD">4,517</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zvwSLshzWj12" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1849">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z8w8hPsfEa5j" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z25u7esSuOyi" title="Equity investments included in current assets" style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22824">6,198</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkZVZ8saFVIa" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1855">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6O5UK8f9nWd" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001857" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,500</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGq3wLD9nAd5" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001859" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,263</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zylH9MYjwdT8" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22827">3,763</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBx96jWPbld4" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001863" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">37,236</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuHiqBRjCbQg" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001865" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">13,876</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgLAaS7tvs28" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001867" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">1,263</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1OFSRifQC61" title="Total" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22831">52,375</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWG64daOnRg1" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1871">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zv6wluUjzPGi" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1873">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_ziStAPwX8Pbb" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" id="Fact001875" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD">2,032</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zsUSVdk2vVMa" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities" style="text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22833">2,032</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F07_zprwJ39Tojg2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_znq5wOE4T4Bg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001894" xml:lang="en-US">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</ix:footnote></span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F0B_zoRBPVRHTDKf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td id="xdx_F15_zXSizszRkzB" style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001895" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</span></ix:footnote></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F06_z8dIU8MW9Qd7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"/><td id="xdx_F13_zHNwBfOIbCrl" style="text-align: justify"><ix:footnote id="Footnote001896" xml:lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</span></ix:footnote></td>
</tr></table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_z9apR3tTnBBh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 18; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A1_zYMQmEqZOGW3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock" id="ixv-10524"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zwImc8wDQe1h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zfIKUWACVUvl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid
an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zcRIOJWxo7t6" title="Payment for contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22870">0.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zDoF3pBtSzXe" title="Payment for contingent consideration"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22871">0.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, for contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions. In addition,
in January 2024, the Company determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration payment related to an acquisition in a prior
period would not be met, and, in September 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration
payments related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. The Company recognized gains on the write-off of these contingent consideration
payment obligations, which were included in &#8220;Other operating (expense) gain, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements
of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
estimated fair value of the Company&#8217;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate
valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently,
the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Cash
and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities. </i>At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
assets and other liabilities. </i>At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-10807"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock_zuk9b9MROO09" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
9&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zjGer7MgGJme">Variable Interest Entity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) that operates money transfer businesses. The Company
determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic
performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially
be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus
the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" id="ixv-10817"><p id="xdx_891_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_z84HkGSCen2i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The VIE&#8217;s net (loss) income and aggregate funding provided by
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zNLbUvaKflQi" style="display: none">Schedule
of Net (Loss) Income and Aggregate Funding to the Company by VIE</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A7_zoD078wJg7Tg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49F_20240131__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zTFLji1i5pud" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_491_20230731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zjDW1zqsXVZe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>Assets</b>:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left">Cash and equivalents</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Restricted cash</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts receivable, net</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_iI_pn3n3_z8NloJHeg4ai" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Disbursement prefunding</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Other current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherAssetsCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22891">317</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Property, plant, and equipment, net</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22892">166</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other intangibles, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22894">661</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Assets" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22896">9,879</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:Assets" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22897">11,614</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left"><b>Liabilities and noncontrolling interests:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Trade accounts payable</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2011">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accrued expenses</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22899">334</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22900">70</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_zByAe4mSKrB" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Settlement liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22901">5,336</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zgRcUmqY1bA4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Due to the Company</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22904">26</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Accumulated other comprehensive income</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Noncontrolling interests</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22909">9,879</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22910">11,614</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AE_zhlf2QqLTrV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#8217;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#8217;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#8217;s other consolidated entities.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 20; Value: 2 -->
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock" id="ixv-11206"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zdLXx6zh67Dc" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
10&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_zFCxCY73zLlf">Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock" id="ixv-11212"><p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_zjmtjwH1ovwc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</span></span></p>

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    <td>Corporate&#8212;other</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzx4L_z9KRLuOeEICa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2051">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left"><p style="margin: 0pt 0">net2phone&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</p></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2061">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2065">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company&#8217;s
former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#8220;Straight Path&#8221;). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting
gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023. On October 3, 2023, the
Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217;
allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Write-off
of Contingent Consideration Liability</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January 2024, the Company determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration payment related to
an acquisition in a prior period would not be met. In addition, in September 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a
portion of the contingent consideration payments related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. The Company recognized gains on the
write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations in the net2phone and Fintech segments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Government
Grants</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, Leaf received payments from government grants for the development and commercialization
of blockchain-backed financial technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Indemnification
Claim</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement
in exchange for $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230508__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_znNw7xSyL5Wi" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" contextRef="From2023-05-082023-05-08_custom_IndemnificationAgreementMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22934">3.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million, which was recorded as an expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-11511"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zSY4GgPEESYj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
11&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_z6KnrNn6SxT2">Revolving Credit Facility</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT Telecom&#8221;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zwuZLJpiIhif" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22935">25.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million. As of July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom
and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements
and for certain closing costs of the facility. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_do_c20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zw54YEpfkhQ1" title="Outstanding line of credit"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_do_c20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z7WbjbOWwXt7" title="Outstanding line of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCredit" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="0" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22936"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCredit" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt-sec:numwordsen" decimals="0" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22937">no</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> amounts outstanding under this facility.
In the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zhEE9XCnSq7c" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zK64Jhi9qcKa" title="Repayment of lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22938"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22939">30.6</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z6CqSZvIhZR1" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zuVggetfZKz5" title="Repayment of lines of credit"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22940"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22941">2.4</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span> million, respectively,
under the facility. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zmvN7OdZ4Llf" title="Credit facility, description"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" id="ixv-11527">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding
bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points,
plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest
is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zTUiZf9K5tR8" title="Debt instrument maturity date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" id="ixv-22942">May 16, 2026</ix:nonNumeric></span>. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly
unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zpaWD4Jyngfe" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22943">25.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending
upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter.</ix:nonNumeric></span> IDT Telecom is required to comply with various
affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit
facility. As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 21; Value: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->21<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt">&#160;</div>
    <!-- Field: /Page --></ix:exclude>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-11539"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zrpDJdd2CuPg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
12&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zXq7GvjVWObc">Equity</span></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>2024
Equity Incentive Plan</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved the adoption of the Company&#8217;s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the
&#8220;2024 Plan&#8221;), which is intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors, and consultants of the Company,
including stock options, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;), and restricted stock, from and after
September 16, 2024. There are <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_z2IQlwiPTbbj" title="Number of shares, grant"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized" contextRef="AsOf2023-12-13_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22944">250,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock reserved for the grant of awards under the 2024 Plan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>2015
Stock Option and Incentive Plan</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company&#8217;s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
(the &#8220;2015 Plan&#8221;) to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock available for the grant of
awards thereunder by an additional <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20231213__20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zpe5bPUSAnP5" title="Additional number of shares authorized"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized" contextRef="From2023-12-132023-12-13_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22945">250,000</ix:nonFraction></span> shares. The 2015 Plan is scheduled to expire on September 16, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
both the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z2WZOd5FokWb" title="Received cash from exercise of stock options"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zQYu7bCFqFQe" title="Received cash from exercise of stock options"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22946"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22947">0.2</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">million for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z43D50X5h89a" title="Shares issued"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zBKZyr2X5mx3" title="Shares issued"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22948"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22949">12,500</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>
 shares of its Class B common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Repurchases</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z8furF5AmRIi" title="Aggregate repurchased shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22950">8.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares in the aggregate. In the six months
ended January 31, 2024, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zjajV3PpAjs8" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22951">135,261</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXmHdeiUVVDb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22952">3.2</ix:nonFraction></span> million.
In the six months ended January 31, 2023, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zt0zxcAw6de4" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22953">203,436</ix:nonFraction></span> shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z6eTJNc59qp9" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22954">5.0</ix:nonFraction></span> million. At January 31, 2024, <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zU10PdG81Pj5" title="Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22955">4.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zlCrlZqbSd7k" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22956">15,000</ix:nonFraction></span> and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z6XNfXexdmDi" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22957">0.3</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, to repurchase <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z60aSOMHuGof" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22958">654</ix:nonFraction></span> and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zhGpTSyUdO57" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22959">13,403</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares, respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees&#8217;
tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of DSUs, the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, and shares issued
for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading
day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Program</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_znxhxkYb1Xx1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember" name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" id="ixv-22960">The
number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting
date, depending on the market price for the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by
the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors of $25.45 per share (which was based on the market price at the
time of the initial grants under this program).</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
February 21, 2024, the second vesting date under the program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees,
the Company issued <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20240221__20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zvsd03rpkt26"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2024-02-212024-02-21_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22961">53,706</ix:nonFraction></span>
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of its Class B common stock for vested
DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other services to the Company, the remaining <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zsK9WoQ5vX99"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" contextRef="AsOf2024-02-21_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22962">147,540</ix:nonFraction></span>
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025,
the third and final vesting date under the program.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Amended and Restated Employment Agreement
with Abilio (&#8220;Bill&#8221;) Pereira</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">On December 21, 2023,
the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company&#8217;s President and Chief
Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants, including <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z0nBKtnAN9Tk" title="Vested shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-12-212023-12-21_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_BillPereiraMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22963">23,500</ix:nonFraction></span>
DSUs that, upon vesting, represent the right to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock, and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziOjPeO7jjac" title="Vested shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2023-12-212023-12-21_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22964">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of Class B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial
milestones as set forth in the agreement. The Company currently believes it is probable that some of the milestones will be
satisfied, and some of the contingent bonus will be earned, for which the contingent bonus may be paid, at Mr. Pereira&#8217;s
option, in either shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock or cash. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2024,
the Company recorded an aggregate stock-based compensation expense of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zICk34uVTzof" title="Stock based compensation expense"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zKAZSO6y3b31" title="Stock based compensation expense"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22965"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22966">1.4</ix:nonFraction></ix:nonFraction></span></span>
million related to these equity grants and the contingent bonus, which is included in &#8220;Selling, general and administrative
expense&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. At January 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zgtkWFjWhPc6" title="Total unrecognized compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22967">0.4</ix:nonFraction></span>
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to Mr. Pereira&#8217;s non-vested DSUs, which is expected to be recognized
over the remaining vesting period that ends in February 2025. Also at January 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--ContingentBonusMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zDbCAFITGmm" title="Total unrecognized compensation"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_ContingentBonusMember_custom_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22968">2.0</ix:nonFraction></span>
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the probable portion of Mr. Pereira&#8217;s contingent bonus, which is
expected to be recognized over the estimated period that the Company expects the milestones to be satisfied, which ends in the first
quarter of fiscal 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Exchange of NRS Shares for the Company&#8217;s
Shares</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">In January 2024,
three management employees of NRS exchanged shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock that they held for shares of the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with an equal value. The NRS shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zcCRDtAmevQh" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22969">1.25</ix:nonFraction></span>%
of NRS&#8217; outstanding shares, which were exchanged for an aggregate of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zH59IZrMF377" title="Number of shares during period"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22970">192,433</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The Company accounted for the exchange as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zJK7jkI79cf9" title="Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22971">0.1</ix:nonFraction></span>
million, based on the carrying amount of the <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_c20240101__20240131_zvY6yDXCnWyi" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22972">1.25</ix:nonFraction></span>%
noncontrolling interest in NRS.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Restricted net2phone 2.0 Common Stock Repurchased
from Employees</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">In January 2024, the restrictions
lapsed on the <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zBKBk0PzaA69" title="Vested shares"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22973">0.5</ix:nonFraction></span> million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock that were granted in December 2020 to each of Howard
S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas, the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer. In addition, in January 2024, Bill Pereira was granted <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zQWSKPr31ci3" title="Shares granted"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares" id="ixv-22974">50,000</ix:nonFraction></span>
shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock in connection with the agreement described above. The Company withheld a portion of these
shares representing an aggregate of <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_pid_dp_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z4Fh4TC8dslc" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22975">4.5</ix:nonFraction></span>% of the outstanding shares of net2phone 2.0 with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdxCAVB6mKid" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22976">3.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million to satisfy
the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock or the grant of shares.
The fair value per share of the net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock was based on a valuation of the business enterprise using a market
approach and income approach. The Company recorded an increase in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zKUbAN8h2ABh" title="Increase in non controlling interests"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22977">53,000</ix:nonFraction></span> and a decrease in
&#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zFQq2X9G7ie4" title="Decrease in additional paid in capital"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-4" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22978">3.61</ix:nonFraction></span> million, and an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z5D7uU5pOICb" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" contextRef="From2024-01-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22979">3.6</ix:nonFraction></span> million.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Subsequent
Event</i>&#8212;<i>Dividend Payments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableAmountPerShare_iI_c20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zPJsTAU1vNJf" title="Cash dividend per share"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:DividendsPayableAmountPerShare" contextRef="AsOf2024-03-31_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_custom_CommonClassAandBMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="USDPShares" id="ixv-22980">0.05</ix:nonFraction></span> per share on the Company&#8217;s Class
A and Class B common stock. The initial dividend will be paid on or about <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_c20240331__20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zSU6AxaUsvhi" title="Dividend paid date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-03-312024-03-31_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_custom_CommonClassAandBMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="us-gaap:DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear" id="ixv-22981">March 27, 2024</ix:nonNumeric></span> with a record date of <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_c20240331__20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zjH3m2nHofca" title="Dividend record date"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2024-03-312024-03-31_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_custom_CommonClassAandBMember" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="us-gaap:DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear" id="ixv-22982">March 19, 2024</ix:nonNumeric></span>. The dividend
will supplement the Company&#8217;s existing stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-11673"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zWKyzrP4G43i" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
13&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_z1zr3IQ0ZL6k">Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zAoSHAZ9Q6jb" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage"><ix:nonFraction name="IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-22983">2.5</ix:nonFraction></span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#8220;Alta Fox&#8221;) for cash of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zaFt94qKfFIe" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-6" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-22984">10</ix:nonFraction></span> million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#8217; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#8217; capital stock following which NRS&#8217; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock" id="ixv-11688"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zkP4t7zXffT3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_8BA_zCazoar8Llj" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqUDVGQL4d79" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Three Months Ended</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>January 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zSl3HOc786Lc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</td><td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A0_zQMOFA0nRcb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


<ix:exclude><!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22; Value: 2 -->
    <div style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; margin-bottom: 6pt"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font-size: 10pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left"><td style="text-align: center; width: 100%"><!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->22<!-- Field: /Sequence --></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock" id="ixv-11773"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zJg4if002Pe4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
14&#8212; <span id="xdx_822_z5zgaGUFg5s8">Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" id="ixv-11783"><p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zwfD9w7s6kDa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_8B7_zWPjo6TmbyFl" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock options</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_znw5aGePy6Gc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8A6_zMN06Cj3UjS4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were no shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock" id="ixv-11958"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_zylGblGtI9X9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
15&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_zNxpUNMQsLpj">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock" id="ixv-11964"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zJqAXodSXO6k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_8B5_zSfZJxsyUSR6" style="display: none">Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160; </span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Unrealized</p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Loss on</p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Available-for-Sale Securities</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Foreign<br/>
 Currency<br/>
 Translation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Accumulated<br/>
 Other<br/>
 Comprehensive<br/>
 Loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 55%">Balance, July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zcbqIsIzex3k" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax" style="width: 11%; text-align: right">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23004">645</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zPBtqIOjnw4e" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax" style="width: 11%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23005">16,547</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zGGBNmUVq7T7" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax" style="width: 11%; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23006">17,192</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z8Vp6LMbjhV8" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23007">204</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zHhI3XPhyWI9" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23008">288</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zKSi3xbM7gY3" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23009">84</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance, January 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z0cCrfIl6R71" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23010">441</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zQfMhZ4U4ZY1" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23011">16,835</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zRSmLZUCrAu9" title="Ending balance" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(<ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-3" scale="3" sign="-" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23012">17,276</ix:nonFraction></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AA_zrnTjRYv5BL9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-12053"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zWSH1nJndGX4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
16&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zj8z0Rv3GV2f">Commitments and Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>COVID-19</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report,
the Company continues to monitor the situation. The Company cannot predict with certainty the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates
on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Legal
Proceedings</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and derivatively
on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of Chancery of the
State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record and beneficial ownership
of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#8217;s directors. The complaint alleged
that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas
in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties to Straight Path in connection with
the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#8217;s
obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal Communications Commission (&#8220;FCC&#8221;), as well as the sale
of Straight Path&#8217;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc. to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated
with a similar action that was initiated by The Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the
action may be maintained as a class action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term
sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications
Inc. for their shares of Straight Path&#8217;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company
to disgorge any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial
was held in August and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery
of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the
class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

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addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows
or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Sales
Tax Contingency</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#8217;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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Fees Audit</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The Company&#8217;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reports its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#8220;USAC&#8221;). The USAC&#8217;s final decision imposed a $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zDr5KAs0puj3" title="Final decision imposed"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23013">2.9</ix:nonFraction></span> million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications
Relay Service (&#8220;TRS&#8221;) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC&#8217;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit
payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes
to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company&#8217;s
accrued expenses included $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zVoSpf5aeqrc" title="Accrued liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23014">23.4</ix:nonFraction></span> million and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_zGZ88rqUGRAh" title="Accrued liabilities"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="-5" scale="6" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-23015">26.8</ix:nonFraction></span> million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the
audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Purchase
Commitments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Performance
Bonds</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#8217;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At January 31, 2024, the Company had aggregate
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_8AF_zNIJOYI0iVW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock" id="ixv-12321"><p id="xdx_80B_eus-gaap--IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock_zI2388m7STH4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Note
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of January 31, 2024, the Company&#8217;s best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for fiscal 2024 was <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_dp_c20230801__20240131_zkC1BvU2JHBd" title="Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent"><ix:nonFraction name="us-gaap:EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" scale="-2" unitRef="Pure" id="ixv-23038">24.7</ix:nonFraction></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
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at July 31, 2023. The change in the estimated effective tax rate was mainly due to differences in the amount of taxable income earned
in the various taxing jurisdictions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" escape="true" name="us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock" id="ixv-12337"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock_zG6kOxICgjWl" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
19&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zzzrmMKbk1b9">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;)
issued ASU No. 2023-09, <i>Income Taxes (Topic 740)</i>, <i>Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures</i>, primarily related to the rate
reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required
on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate
their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments
in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact
that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, <i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic
350-60)</i>, <i>Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets</i>, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment
model to fair value, with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including,
among other things, the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity
including additions, dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning
on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company
is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280)</i>, <i>Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
</i>to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#8217;s expenses.
The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly
provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss,
other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures
of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition
of a segment, the method for determining segments, the criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current
specifically enumerated segment expenses that are required to be disclosed. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its
fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2024 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is evaluating the impact
that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,</i> that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The Company will adopt
the amendments in this ASU prospectively on August 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

</ix:nonNumeric><p id="xdx_812_zlDG8xFD5FHa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span id="a_009"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
2. Management&#8217;s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations </b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the associated notes
thereto of this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Management&#8217;s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year
ended July 31, 2023 (or the 2023 Form 10-K) as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
used below, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms &#8220;the Company,&#8221; &#8220;IDT,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;us,&#8221;
and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to IDT Corporation, a Delaware corporation, its predecessor, International Discount Telecommunications, Corp.,
a New York corporation, and their subsidiaries, collectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Forward-Looking
Statements</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words &#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;anticipates,&#8221;
&#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;plans,&#8221; &#8220;intends,&#8221; and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are
subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking
statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks, and uncertainties
that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A to Part I &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221;
in our 2023 Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of
this report and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ
from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this report and
the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, including our 2023 Form 10-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recently
Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2023-09, <i>Income
Taxes (Topic 740)</i>, <i>Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures</i>, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid
disclosures as well as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required on an annual basis to consistently
categorize and provide greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate their income taxes paid. We
will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on
a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, <i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60)</i>, <i>Accounting
for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets</i>, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment model to fair value,
with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including, among other things,
the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity including additions,
dispositions, gains, and losses. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires
a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU
will have on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280)</i>, <i>Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
</i>to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#8217;s expenses.
The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly
provided to the chief operating decision maker, or CODM, and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, other segment
items by reportable segment, the title and position of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment
profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition of a segment,
the method for determining segments, the criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current specifically
enumerated segment expenses that are required to be disclosed. We will adopt the amendments in this ASU for our fiscal year beginning
on August 1, 2024 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our
consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,</i> that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. We will adopt the amendments
in this ASU prospectively on August 1, 2024. We are evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Results
of Operations</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
evaluate the performance of our business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense
line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of the consolidated results of operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of January 31, 2024, we owned 94.0% of the outstanding shares of our subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc., or net2phone 2.0, which owns and
operates the net2phone segment, and 81.2% of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions, or NRS, and, on a fully diluted basis
assuming all the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met and other assumptions, we would own 90.8% of net2phone
2.0 and 78.9% of NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
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general and administrative&#8221; expense. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the
consolidated statements of income. In addition, from and after August 1, 2023, we are reporting gross profit and gross margin
percentage in our &#8220;Results of Operations&#8221; in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Depreciation and amortization expense of $5.0 million in the three months ended January 31, 2023
was reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation as follows: $1.1 million was reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">COVID-19</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report,
we continue to monitor the situation. We cannot predict with certainty the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates on our results
of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Explanation
of Performance Metrics</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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results of operations discussion include the following performance metrics:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"/><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in">&#9679;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
                                            NRS, active point-of-sale, or POS, terminals, payment processing accounts, and recurring
                                            revenue,</span></td></tr>
<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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                                            net2phone, seats and subscription revenue, and</span></td></tr>
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<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#9679;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">for
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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uses two key metrics to measure the size of its customer base: active POS terminals and payment processing accounts. Active
POS terminals are the number of POS terminals that have completed at least one transaction in the calendar month. It excludes POS terminals
that have not been fully installed by the end of the month. Payment processing accounts are NRS PAY accounts that can generate revenue.
It excludes accounts that have been approved but not activated. NRS&#8217; recurring revenue is NRS&#8217; revenue in accordance with
U.S. GAAP, excluding its revenue from POS terminal sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone&#8217;s
cloud communications offerings are priced on a per-seat basis, with customers paying based on the number of users in their organization.
net2phone&#8217;s subscription revenue is its revenue in accordance with U.S. GAAP excluding its equipment revenue and revenue generated
by a legacy SIP trunking offering in Brazil.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
trends and comparisons between periods for the number of active POS terminals, NRS PAY accounts, seats served, recurring revenue, and
subscription revenue are used in the analysis of NRS&#8217; or net2phone&#8217;s revenues and direct cost of revenues and are strong
indications of the top-line growth and performance of the business.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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of use is a nonfinancial metric that measures aggregate customer usage during a reporting period. Minutes of use is an important factor
in BOSS Revolution Calling&#8217;s and IDT Global&#8217;s revenue recognition since satisfaction of our performance obligation occurs
when the customer uses our service. Minutes of use trends and comparisons between periods are used in the analysis of revenues and direct
cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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which represented 8.5% and 6.3% of our total revenues in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 8.2% and
6.2% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is an operator of a nationwide POS network
providing independent retailers with store management software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services.
NRS&#8217; POS platform provides marketers with digital out-of-home advertising and transaction data.</span></p>

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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><b>&#160;</b></td>
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                                            31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><b>&#160;</b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><b>Change</b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><b>&#160;</b></td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><b>&#160;</b></td>
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    <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18.2</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2023 driven primarily
by revenue growth from NRS&#8217; merchant services, as well as the expansion of NRS&#8217; POS network.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2023 primarily due to the increase in the direct costs of NRS&#8217; POS terminal sales.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative</i>. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2023 primarily due to increases in sales commissions and employee compensation. As a percentage
of NRS&#8217; revenue, NRS&#8217; selling, general and administrative expense increased to 68.3% from 59.9% in the three months ended
January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and increased to 66.4% from 60.4% in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Fintech
Segment</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fintech,
which represented 9.4% and 6.5% of our total revenues in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 9.1%
and 6.3% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a
provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer services; and (ii) other, significantly smaller,
financial services businesses, including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation, or Leaf, a provider of digital wallet services in emerging
markets, a variable interest entity, or VIE, that operates money transfer businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited, or IDT
Financial Services, our Gibraltar-based bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues from BOSS Money increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2023
primarily because of increased transaction volume in BOSS Money&#8217;s retail and digital channels. BOSS Money continues to benefit
from cross-marketing to BOSS Revolution Calling customers, the expansion of its retail agent network, and ongoing efforts to enhance
user-experience within the BOSS Money and BOSS Calling apps.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2023 primarily due to an increase BOSS Money&#8217;s direct cost of revenues, which reflected the increase in BOSS Money&#8217;s
revenue.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative</i>. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2023 primarily due to increases in debit and credit card processing charges, employee compensation,
and bank fees. The increase in card processing charges was the result of increased credit and debit card transactions through our BOSS
Money app and other digital channels. As a percentage of Fintech&#8217;s revenue, Fintech&#8217;s selling, general and administrative
expense decreased to 60.1% from 66.1% in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and decreased to 60.6% from
62.4% in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other Operating Gain.</i> In the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, Leaf received payments of $0.3 million and $0.4 million,
respectively, from government grants for the development and commercialization of blockchain-backed financial technologies. In addition,
in the six months ended January 31, 2023, we determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration payments
related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. We recognized a gain of $1.6 million on the write-off of this contingent consideration
payment obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
<b><i>net2phone Segment</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment, which represented 6.9% and 5.7% of our total revenues in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively,
6.8% and 5.5% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s
cloud communications and contact center offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">nm&#8212;not
meaningful</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><b>%</b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><b>&#160;</b></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 36%; text-align: left">Seats served</td><td style="width: 2%; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">375</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">327</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">48</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">15</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>net2phone&#8217;s revenues increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods in fiscal
2023 driven primarily by the growth in subscription revenue in the U.S. and Latin American markets, which reflected the increase in seats
served at January 31, 2024 compared to January 31, 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2023 primarily due to the increase in revenues, with the largest increase in the U.S. markets. net2phone&#8217;s focus on mid-sized
businesses, multi-channel strategies, and localized offerings generated revenue growth that exceeded the increase in direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Selling,
General and Administrative</i>. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2023 primarily due to increases in employee compensation, sales commissions, and consulting
expense. As a percentage of net2phone&#8217;s revenues, net2phone&#8217;s selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 79.2%
from 83.2% in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and decreased to 80.1% from 84.8% in the six months ended
January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
derives a significant portion of its revenues from existing customers. Attracting new customers usually involves additional costs compared
to retention of existing customers. If existing customers&#8217; subscriptions and related usage decrease or are terminated, net2phone
will need to spend more money to acquire new customers and still may not be able to maintain its existing level of revenues or profitability.
In addition, net2phone needs to acquire new customers to increase its revenues. net2phone incurs significant sales and marketing expenses
to acquire new customers. It is therefore expected that selling, general and administrative expense will remain a significant percentage
of net2phone&#8217;s revenues for the foreseeable future.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
Operating Gain.</i>&#160;In the three and six months ended January 31, 2024, we determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration
payment related to an acquisition in a prior period would not be met. We recognized a gain of $0.1 million on the write-off of this contingent
consideration payment obligation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Traditional
Communications Segment</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment, which represented 75.2% and 81.5% of our total revenues in the three months ended January 31,
2024 and 2023, respectively, and 75.9% and 82.0% of our total revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023,
respectively, includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of airtime, messaging, and
data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution Calling, an international long-distance calling service
marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a wholesale provider of&#160;
international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide.&#160;Traditional
Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature businesses
in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Traditional
Communications&#8217; most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital Payments, BOSS Revolution Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital
Payments and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold directly to consumers and through distributors and retailers. We receive payments for BOSS
Revolution Calling, traditional calling cards, and IDT Digital Payments prior to providing the services. We recognize the revenue when
services are provided to the customer. Traditional Communications&#8217; revenues tend to be somewhat seasonal, with the second fiscal
quarter (which contains Christmas and New Year&#8217;s Day) and the fourth fiscal quarter (which contains Mother&#8217;s Day and Father&#8217;s
Day) typically showing higher minute volumes.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            months ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January
                                            31,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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                                            months ended</span></p>
                                                                                <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January
                                            31,</span></p></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Change</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2024</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues:</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; width: 28%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IDT
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Revenues.
</i>Revenues from IDT Digital Payments decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods in
fiscal 2023 primarily from the deterioration of a key international corridor that was particularly impactful to revenues in the wholesale
channel.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
and minutes of use from BOSS Revolution Calling decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar
periods in fiscal 2023. BOSS Revolution Calling continues to be impacted by persistent, market-wide trends, including the proliferation
of unlimited calling plans offered by wireless carriers and mobile virtual network operators, and the increasing penetration of free
and paid over-the-top voice, video conferencing, and messaging services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
and minutes of use from IDT Global decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods in fiscal
2023 as communications globally continued to transition away from international voice calling. This trend was accelerated by the impact
of COVID-19 as business communications shifted from calling to video conferencing and other collaboration platforms. We expect that IDT
Global will continue to be adversely impacted by these trends, and minutes of use and revenues will likely continue to decline from quarter-to-quarter,
as we seek to maximize economics rather than necessarily sustain minutes of use or revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Direct
Cost of Revenues</i>. Direct cost of revenues decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2023 primarily due to the decreases in minutes of use and revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"><i>Selling, General and Administrative</i>.
Selling, general and administrative expense decreased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods
in fiscal 2023 primarily due to decreases in employee compensation, sales commissions, marketing expense, and debit and credit card processing
charges, partially offset by increases in stock-based compensation. As a percentage of Traditional Communications&#8217; revenue, Traditional
Communications&#8217; selling, general and administrative expense increased to 12.3% from 11.5% in the three months ended January 31,
2024 and 2023, respectively, and increased to 11.9% from 11.3% in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><i>Severance Expense.</i>&#160;In
the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, Traditional Communications incurred severance expense of $0.4 million and $0.2 million,
respectively, and in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, Traditional Communications incurred severance expense of $0.9 million
and $0.3 million, respectively.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Corporate</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Three months ended <br/>
January 31,</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Change</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Six months ended<br/>
 January 31,</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Change</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">%</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 26%; text-align: left">General and administrative</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">(2.5</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><b>$</b></td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right"><b>(6.0</b></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><b>)</b></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">(4.4</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 5%; text-align: right">1.6</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><b>&#160;</b></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><b>(0.4</b></td><td style="text-align: left"><b>)</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">0.1</td><td style="text-align: left"/><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><b>&#160;</b></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><b>0.1</b></td><td style="text-align: left"><b></b></td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Loss from operations</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.8</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(26.9</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"><b>$</b></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><b>(5.9</b></td><td style="text-align: left"><b>)</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(5.5</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(0.4</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(6.3</td><td style="text-align: left">)%</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>General
and Administrative.</i>&#160;Corporate general and administrative expense increased in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024
compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2023 primarily because of increases in audit and accounting fees and employee compensation.
As a percentage of our consolidated revenues, Corporate general and administrative expense was 1.1% and 0.8% in the three months ended
January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 1.0% and 0.7% in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other
Operating (Expense) Gain, net<span style="font-style: normal">. </span><span style="font-style: normal">As discussed in Note 16
to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report, we (as well as other defendants) were
named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of our former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc., or Straight Path.
We incurred legal fees of $2.6 million and $1.6 million in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.8 million
and $4.1 million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to this action. Also, we recorded offsetting
gains from insurance claims for this matter of $2.2 million and $1.3 million in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively,
and $2.9 million and $3.0 million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery
of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against us, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the class suffered
no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-style: normal">&#160;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Consolidated</b></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following is a discussion of our consolidated stock-based compensation expense, and our consolidated income and expense line items below
income from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock-Based
Compensation Expense.</i> Stock-based compensation expense included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expense
was $2.5 million and $1.3 million in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.3 million and $1.9 million
in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increases in stock-based compensation expense were primarily due
to certain equity grants to Bill Pereira, our President and Chief Operating Officer, in the three months ended January 31, 2024, including
deferred stock units, or DSUs, that, upon vesting, represent the right to receive shares of our Class B common stock, and shares of Class
B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial milestones that may be
paid, at Mr. Pereira&#8217;s option, in either shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock or cash.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
At January 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $2.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to Mr. Pereira&#8217;s contingent
bonus, which is expected to be recognized over the estimated period that we expect the milestones to be satisfied, which ends in the
first quarter of fiscal 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
January 31, 2024, there was $1.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested DSUs under our equity incentive
program adopted on November 30, 2022, which is being recognized on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service periods that end
in February 2025. On February 21, 2024, the second vesting date under the program, in accordance with the program and based on certain
elections made by grantees, we issued 53,706 shares of our Class B common stock for vested DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment
or other services to us, the remaining 147,540 DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Effective
as of June 30, 2022, restricted shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock were granted to certain NRS employees. The restrictions on
the shares will lapse in three installments on each of June 1, 2024, 2026, and 2027. The estimated fair value of the restricted shares
on the grant date was $3.3 million, which is being recognized over the vesting period. At January 31, 2024, unrecognized compensation
cost related to NRS&#8217; non-vested Class B common stock was an aggregate of $2.3 million. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected
to be recognized over the remaining vesting period that ends in fiscal 2027.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Three months ended <br/>
January 31,</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Change</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Six months ended</p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">January 31,</p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2.2</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">)</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 96.3pt"></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or EMI). As of January
31, 2024 and 2023, our ownership was 33.4% and 26.57%, respectively, of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding shares on an as converted basis.
We account for this investment using the equity method since we can exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies
of the EMI but do not have a controlling interest. We determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#8217;s shares, there
were differences between our investment in the EMI and our proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $8.2 million,
which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to our interest in the EMI.
These basis differences are being amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list. &#8220;Equity in the net loss of investee&#8221;
includes the amortization of equity method basis difference.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><i>Provision for Income Taxes.</i> The change
in income tax expense in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the similar periods in fiscal 2023 was primarily
due to differences in the amount of taxable income earned in the various taxing jurisdictions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><i>Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling
Interests</i>. The change in the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the three months ended January 31, 2024 compared
to the similar period in fiscal 2023 was primarily due to changes in amounts attributable to the noncontrolling interests in NRS, net2phone
2.0, and Sochitel UK Ltd. The change in the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the six months ended January 31, 2024
compared to the similar period in fiscal 2023 was primarily due to changes in amounts attributable to the noncontrolling interests in
net2phone 2.0 and the VIE, partially offset by the change in the amounts attributable to the noncontrolling interests in NRS.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liquidity
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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of the date of this Quarterly Report, we expect our cash flow from operations and the balance of cash, cash equivalents, debt securities,
and current equity investments that we held on January 31, 2024 will be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated working capital
and capital expenditure requirements during the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2025.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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January 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments of $177.6 million and working capital
(current assets in excess of current liabilities) of $122.5 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
treat unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC as substantially
restricted and unavailable for other purposes. At January 31, 2024, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in our consolidated balance
sheet included an aggregate of $39.8 million held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC that was unavailable
for other purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Contractual
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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following table includes our anticipated material cash requirements from contractual obligations and other commitments at January 31,
2024:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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</table>




<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Consolidated
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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">Our cash flow from operations varies significantly
from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on our operating results and the timing of operating cash receipts and payments,
specifically trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">Gross trade accounts receivable increased
to $43.7 million at January 31, 2024 from $37.7 million at July 31, 2023 primarily due to amounts billed in the six months ended January
31, 2024 that were greater than collections during the period, partially offset by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">Deferred revenue arises from sales of prepaid
products and varies from period to period depending on the mix and the timing of revenues. Deferred revenue decreased to $33.8 million
at January 31, 2024 from $35.3 million at July 31, 2023 primarily due to decreases in the BOSS Revolution Calling and IDT Digital Payments
deferred revenue balances.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">Customer deposit liabilities at IDT Financial
Services increased to $87.6 million at January 31, 2024 from $86.5 million at July 31, 2023. Our restricted cash and cash equivalents
included $88.2 million and $87.3 million at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively, held by the bank.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
September 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries were certified by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority, or NJEDA, as having
met the requirements of the Grow New Jersey Assistance Act Tax Credit Program. The program provides for credits against a corporation&#8217;s
New Jersey corporate business tax liability for maintaining a minimum number of employees in New Jersey, and that tax credits may be
sold subject to certain conditions. On June 5, 2023, we received a 2019 tax credit certificate for $1.8 million from the NJEDA. In August
2023, we sold the certificate for cash of $1.6 million.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we have liability
for periods for which we have not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change
their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to our operations, and if such changes were made it could materially
and adversely affect our business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report, we (as well as other
defendants) were named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of our former subsidiary, Straight Path. On October 3, 2023, the
Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against us, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations,
the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Investing
Activities</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">Our capital expenditures were $8.9 million
and $10.6 million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We currently anticipate that total capital expenditures
in the twelve-month period ending January 31, 2025 will be $21 million to $23 million. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with
our net cash provided by operating activities and cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and current equity investments on hand.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">As of July 27, 2023, the EMI&#8217;s shareholders
including us agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s convertible preferred stock. We subscribed to purchase additional
shares for an aggregate of $1.0 million. In the six months ended January 31, 2024, we paid $1.0 million to purchase the EMI&#8217;s shares.
In February 2024, each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s convertible preferred stock.
We paid $0.3 million in February 2024 and we are committed to pay $0.2 million in March 2024 to purchase the additional shares.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">In January 2024, we acquired certain software
and intellectual property for an online ordering platform for $0.1 million.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 23.75pt">Purchases of debt securities and equity investments
were $19.4 million and $28.1 million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Proceeds from maturities and sales
of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $31.2 million and $27.5 million in the six months ended January 31, 2024
and 2023, respectively.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financing
Activities</b></span></p>

<p style="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
distributed cash of $0.1 million and $0.2 million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to the noncontrolling
interests in certain of our subsidiaries.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, we received proceeds from financing-related other liabilities of $0.1 million and $0.3
million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, we repaid financing-related other liabilities of $15,000 and $2.0 million, respectively.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Our
subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc., or IDT Telecom, entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021, with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving
credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $25.0 million. As of July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain
terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements and for certain closing costs
of the facility. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility. In the six months ended
January 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $30.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, under the facility.
The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding bears interest per
annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points, plus depending
upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest is payable
monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly unused
commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending
upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter. IDT Telecom is required to comply with various
affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit
facility. As of January 31, 2024, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">In both the six months ended January 31, 2024
and 2023, we received cash from the exercise of stock options of $0.2 million for which we issued 12,500 shares of our Class B common
stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">We have an existing stock repurchase program
authorized by our Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of our Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase
of up to 8.0&#160;million shares in the aggregate. In the six months ended January 31, 2024, we repurchased 135,261 shares of Class B
common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $3.2 million. In the six months ended January 31, 2023, we repurchased 203,436 shares
of Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million. At January 31, 2024, 4.6 million shares remained available for
repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">In the six months ended January 31, 2024 and
2023, we paid $15,000 and $0.3 million, respectively, to repurchase 654 and 13,403 shares, respectively, of our Class B common stock that
were tendered by employees of ours to satisfy the employees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of DSUs,
the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, and shares issued for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by us based on their
fair market value as of the close of business on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">In January 2024, the restrictions lapsed on
the 0.5 million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock that were granted in December 2020 to each of Howard S. Jonas
and Shmuel Jonas, our Chief Executive Officer. In addition, in January 2024, Bill Pereira was granted 50,000 shares of net2phone 2.0 Class
B common stock. We withheld a portion of these shares representing an aggregate of 4.5% of the outstanding shares of net2phone 2.0 with
an aggregate fair value of $3.6 million to satisfy the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions
on restricted stock or the grant of shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">In January
2024, we exchanged an aggregate of 192,433 shares of our Class B common stock with a value of $6.3 million for shares of NRS&#8217;
Class B common stock that were held by management employees of NRS representing an aggregate of 1.25% of NRS&#8217; outstanding
shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, our Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $0.05 per share on our Class A and Class B common stock. The
initial dividend will be paid on or about March 27, 2024 with a record date of March 19, 2024. The dividend will supplement our existing
stock repurchase program.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"><b><i>Other Sources and Uses of Resources</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt"><b><i></i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">We are considering spin-offs and other potential
dispositions of certain of our subsidiaries. Some of the transactions under consideration are in early stages and others are more advanced.
A spin-off may include the contribution of a significant amount of cash, cash equivalents, debt securities, and/or equity securities to
the subsidiary prior to the spin-off, which would reduce our capital resources. There is no assurance that any of these transactions will
be completed.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">We intend to, where appropriate, make strategic
investments and acquisitions to complement, expand, and/or enter into new businesses. In considering acquisitions and investments, we
search for opportunities to profitably grow our existing businesses and/or to add qualitatively to the range and diversification of businesses
in our portfolio. We cannot guarantee that we will be presented with acquisition opportunities that meet our return-on-investment criteria,
or that our efforts to make acquisitions that meet our criteria will be successful.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="a_010"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks</b></span></p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign
Currency Risk</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenues
from our international operations were 23% and 28% of our consolidated revenues in the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023,
respectively, and 25% and 28% of our consolidated revenues in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. A significant
portion of our revenues is in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Our foreign currency exchange risk is somewhat mitigated by our
ability to offset a portion of these non-U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues with operating expenses that are paid in the same currencies.
While the impact from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates affects our revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies, the
net amount of our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes at the end of each reporting period is generally not material.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Investment
Risk</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
hold a portion of our assets in debt and equity securities, including hedge funds, for strategic and speculative purposes. At January
31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the value of our debt and equity security holdings was an aggregate of $44.1 million and $58.5 million, respectively,
which represented 8% and 11% of our total assets at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively. Investments in debt and equity
securities carry a degree of risk and depend to a great extent on correct assessments of the future course of price movements of securities
and other instruments. There can be no assurance that our investment managers will be able to accurately predict these price movements.
The securities markets have in recent years been characterized by great volatility and unpredictability. Accordingly, the value of our
investments may go down as well as up and we may not receive the amounts originally invested upon redemption.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="a_011"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
4. Controls and Procedures</b></span></p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.</i> Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of
our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended),
as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of January 31, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.</i> There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal
quarter ended January 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over
financial reporting.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_012"></span><b>PART
II. OTHER INFORMATION</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="a_013"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
1. Legal Proceedings</b></span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Legal
proceedings in which we are involved are described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of
this Quarterly Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="a_014"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
1A. Risk Factors</b></span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
are no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of the 2023 Form 10-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="a_015"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</b></span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides information with respect to purchases by us of our shares during the second quarter of fiscal 2024:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">November
    1-30, 2023</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8212;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4,576,737</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">January
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9,791</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9,791</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">32.49</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9,791</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 0.25in">(1)</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
                                            January 22, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program to purchase
                                            up to 8.0 million shares of our Class B common stock.</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_016"></span><b>Item
3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities</b></span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="a_017"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
4. Mine Safety Disclosures</b></span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span id="a_018"></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
5. Other Information</b></span></p>



<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">None</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="a_019"></span><b>Item 6</b>.</span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibits </b></span></p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    Number</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; width: 0.1in"><b>&#160;</b></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Description </b></td></tr>

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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">31.1*</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><a href="ex31-1.htm">Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to &#167;302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">31.2*</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><a href="ex32-2.htm">Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to &#167;906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</a></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">101.SCH*</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">101.LAB*</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">101.PRE*</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap">104</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)</td></tr>
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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">* Filed herewith.</p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="a_020"></span>SIGNATURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>IDT
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">March
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
31.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CERTIFICATION
OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PURSUANT
TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AS
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Shmuel Jonas, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
period covered by this report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this
report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
March 11, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-indent: 0in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    SHMUEL JONAS</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel
    Jonas</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Executive Officer</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-31.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex31-2.htm
<TEXT>
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<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
31.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CERTIFICATION
OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PURSUANT
TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">AS
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">I,
Marcelo Fischer, certify that:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of IDT Corporation;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the
period covered by this report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material
respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this
report;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,
to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant&rsquo;s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant&rsquo;s
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant&rsquo;s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.
The registrant&rsquo;s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the registrant&rsquo;s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant&rsquo;s board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent functions):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant&rsquo;s
internal control over financial reporting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
March 11, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    MARCELO FISCHER</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Marcelo
    Fischer</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Financial Officer</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex32-1.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
32.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
Pursuant to</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18
U.S.C. Section 1350</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(as
Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2024
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Shmuel Jonas, Chief Executive Officer of the Company,
certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
March 11, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    SHMUEL JONAS</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Shmuel
    Jonas</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Executive Officer</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting
the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided
to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-32.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ex32-2.htm
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
32.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certification
Pursuant to</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">18
U.S.C. Section 1350</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(as
Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Quarterly Report of IDT Corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31,
2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Report&rdquo;), I, Marcelo Fischer, Chief Financial Officer of
the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. &sect; 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that
to my knowledge:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 24.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 24.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 24.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
March 11, 2024</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/
    MARCELO FISCHER</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Marcelo
    Fischer</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Chief
    Financial Officer</B></FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting
the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided
to IDT Corporation and will be retained by IDT Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://idt.net/role/BasisOfPresentationPolicies" id="BasisOfPresentationPolicies">
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://idt.net/role/CashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTables" id="CashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsTables">
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://idt.net/role/ScheduleOfOperatingResultsOfBusinessSegmentsDetails" id="ScheduleOfOperatingResultsOfBusinessSegmentsDetails">
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://idt.net/role/ScheduleOfRevenuesDisaggregatedByBusinessSegmentAndServiceOfferedToCustomersDetails" id="ScheduleOfRevenuesDisaggregatedByBusinessSegmentAndServiceOfferedToCustomersDetails">
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        <link:roleType roleURI="http://idt.net/role/ScheduleOfInformationAboutContractLiabilitiesDetails" id="ScheduleOfInformationAboutContractLiabilitiesDetails">
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</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.CAL
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>idt-20240131_cal.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL CALCULATION FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_RestatementAxis" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RestatementAxis" xlink:to="srt_RestatementAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RestatementAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revision of Prior Period [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember" xlink:to="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Previously Reported [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement Location [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" xlink:label="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" xlink:to="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segments [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_FintechMember" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechMember" xlink:to="IDT_FintechMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">net2 phone [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CorporateMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate Segment [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis" xlink:to="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ProductOrServiceAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product and Service [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">B O S S Revolution Money Transfer [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_OtherMember" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">I D T Digital Payments [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember" xlink:to="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">B O S S Revolution Calling [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IDTGlobalMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTGlobalMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTGlobalMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTGlobalMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">I D T Global [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis" xlink:to="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_StatementGeographicalAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Geographical [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd#country_US" xlink:label="country_US" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_US" xlink:to="country_US_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_US_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED STATES</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd#country_GB" xlink:label="country_GB" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="country_GB" xlink:to="country_GB_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="country_GB_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">UNITED KINGDOM</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_OthersMember" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OthersMember" xlink:to="IDT_OthersMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Others [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NonUsMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonUsMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonUsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonUsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonUsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-US [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_RangeAxis" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_RangeAxis" xlink:to="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_RangeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statistical Measurement [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_MinimumMember" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MinimumMember" xlink:to="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MinimumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Minimum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_MaximumMember" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_MaximumMember" xlink:to="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_MaximumMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Maximum [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Payment Services [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Security Category [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LegalEntityAxis" xlink:to="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LegalEntityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Legal Entity [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember" xlink:to="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MutualFundMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_MutualFundMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MutualFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Mutual Fund [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_VisaIncMember" xlink:label="IDT_VisaIncMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VisaIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_VisaIncMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VisaIncMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Visa Inc [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Hedge Funds [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Investments [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RegalBancorpMember" xlink:to="IDT_RegalBancorpMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RegalBancorpMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Regal Ban corp [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investment, Name [Axis]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Subsequent Event [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party, Type [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value Hierarchy and NAV [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Measurement Frequency [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis" xlink:to="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidated Entities [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Related Party [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Business Acquisition [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit Facility [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revolving Credit Facility [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lender Name [Axis]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:to="IDT_TDBankMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">TD Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Telecom [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2024 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of Individual [Axis]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EmployeesMember" xlink:to="IDT_EmployeesMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Award Type [Axis]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" xlink:to="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" xlink:label="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_BillPereiraMember" xlink:label="IDT_BillPereiraMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BillPereiraMember" xlink:to="IDT_BillPereiraMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_BillPereiraMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Bill Pereira [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ContingentBonusMember" xlink:to="IDT_ContingentBonusMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentBonusMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent Bonus [Member]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember" xlink:to="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:to="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StatementLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Statement [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current assets:</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $6,315 at January 31, 2024 and allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,642 at July 31, 2023</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, net of reserve of $1,514 at January 31, 2024 and $1,143 at July 31, 2023</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement prefunding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Prepaid expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total current assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Property, plant, and equipment, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:to="us-gaap_Goodwill_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Goodwill</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other intangibles, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease right-of-use assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income tax assets, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer deposits</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Commitments and contingencies</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Redeemable noncontrolling interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares&#8212;10,000; no shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional paid-in capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,288 and 4,152 shares of Class B common stock at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Retained earnings</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, net of reserve</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Preferred stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, par value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Common stock, shares outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Statement [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Revenues" xlink:to="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Revenues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenues</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfRevenue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Direct cost of revenues</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gross profit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating expenses (gains):</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Selling, general and administrative</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1" xlink:to="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Severance</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other operating expense (gain), net (see Note 10)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total operating expenses</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income from operations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Interest income, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other income (expense), net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income before income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income attributable to IDT Corporation</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted" xlink:to="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Diluted</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share based compensation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency translation adjustments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive income attributable to IDT Corporation</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:label="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other comprehensive income (loss)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">BALANCE</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_StatementOfCashFlowsAbstract" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred income taxes</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Provision for credit losses, doubtful accounts receivable, and reserve for settlement assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net unrealized loss from marketable securities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock-based compensation</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in assets and liabilities:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Customer deposits at IDT Financial Services Limited (Gibraltar-based bank)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred revenue</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net cash provided by operating activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Investing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital expenditures</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for acquisition</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchases of debt securities and equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Financing activities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of other liabilities.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of borrowings under revolving credit facility.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repurchases of Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Net (Loss) Income and Aggregate Funding to the Company by VIE</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd#srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Ownership percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:label="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income (loss) from operations</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Depreciation and amortization:</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total depreciation and amortization</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments" xlink:to="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of reportable segments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueTable" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTable" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease cost</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Short-term lease cost</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LeaseCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LeaseCost_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total lease cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" xlink:to="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;Other current liabilities&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2025</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2026</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2027</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2028</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">2029</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Thereafter</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total lease payments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less imputed interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Within one year</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After one year through five years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After five years through ten years</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">After ten years</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current equity investments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncurrent equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:to="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of related party shares received</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" xlink:to="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Upward adjustment</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Redemption</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Impairments</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfDefinedBenefitPlansDisclosuresTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity in the net loss of investee</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:to="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of equity method basis difference</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of the period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Direct cost of revenues</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingExpenses_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total costs and expenses</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Loss from operations</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other expense, net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net loss</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment, aggregate cost</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Recurring and Nonrecurring [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:to="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total gains included in &#8220;Other income (expense), net&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, beginning of period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">&#8220;Other operating (expense) gain, net&#8221;</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">&#8220;Foreign currency translation adjustment&#8221;</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Liability, Gain (Loss), Statement of Other Comprehensive Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodEndLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Balance, end of period</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payment for contingent consideration</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net (loss) income of the VIE</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash and equivalents</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted cash</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trade accounts receivable, net</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Due to the Company</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated other comprehensive income</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfRestructuringAndRelatedCostsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LegalFees" xlink:to="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_LegalFees_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_CorporateOther" xlink:label="IDT_CorporateOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CorporateOther" xlink:to="IDT_CorporateOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_CorporateOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1" xlink:to="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" xlink:label="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" xlink:to="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212; government grants</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212; cable telephony customer indemnification claim</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total other operating (expense) gain, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ScheduleOfCollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCredit" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCredit_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Outstanding line of credit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Proceeds from lines of credit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayment of lines of credit</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Credit facility, description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Debt instrument maturity date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ScheduleOfStockByClassTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Class of Stock [Line Items]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Additional number of shares authorized</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Received cash from exercise of stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares issued</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate repurchased shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Vested shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Shares granted</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock based compensation expense</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total unrecognized compensation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Number of shares during period</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Offsetting income tax withholding liability</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:to="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase in non controlling interests</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Decrease in additional paid in capital</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash dividend per share</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividend paid date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear" xlink:to="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Dividend record date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capital stock outstanding percentage</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction" xlink:to="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Basic weighted-average number of shares</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Stock options</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding" xlink:to="us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/periodStartLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyTable_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Liability Contingency [Table]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Final decision imposed</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Accrued liabilities</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation" xlink:to="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PurchaseObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Purchase obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Performance bonds outstanding</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/verboseLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity in net loss of investee</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gains (losses) on investments, net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncome" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherIncome_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncome_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:to="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/totalLabel" xlink:label="us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Total other income (expense), net</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding" xlink:to="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DisbursementPrefunding_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Disbursement prefunding.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve" xlink:to="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Settlement assets, net of reserve.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, value, repurchases of common stock through repurchase program.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury stock, value, restricted common stock purchased from employees.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:to="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income Loss Including Portion Attributable To Redeemable Non Controlling Interest And Non Controlling Interest In Subsidiaries</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of equity investment [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived" xlink:to="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Number of related party shares received.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer" xlink:to="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember" xlink:to="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember" xlink:to="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">National Retail Solutions [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent" xlink:to="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amount of recognized unrealized gain (loss) net on equity securities redeemed (FV-NI).</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference" xlink:to="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization of equity method basis difference.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember" xlink:to="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset" xlink:to="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments included in current assets.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechMember" xlink:to="IDT_FintechMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FintechMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_Net2phoneMember" xlink:to="IDT_Net2phoneMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_Net2phoneMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">net2 phone [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets" xlink:to="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities" xlink:to="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent consideration included in other liabilities.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds" xlink:to="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Investment in hedge funds.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_OthersMember" xlink:to="IDT_OthersMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_OthersMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Others [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction" xlink:to="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Sale of stock percentage of subsidiary equity issued in transaction.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Variable interest entity net income losst amount</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity" xlink:to="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Variable interest entity aggregate funding repaid to provided by reporting entity.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember" xlink:to="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding" xlink:to="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PerformanceBondsOutstanding_doc" xml:lang="en-US">In certain circumstances, the company is required to provide performance bonds in connection with its contractual commitments. Company has indemnified the surety for any expenses paid out under these performance bonds.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amortization Of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CorporateOther" xlink:to="IDT_CorporateOther_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_CorporateOther_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Corporate other.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants" xlink:to="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Fintech&#8212;government grants.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther" xlink:to="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Traditional communications other.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TDBankMember" xlink:to="IDT_TDBankMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TDBankMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">TD Bank [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTTelecomMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTTelecomMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Telecom [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of supplemental disclosures related weighted average operating leases [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Two Thousand Twenty Four Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule of Operating Lease Liability [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember" xlink:to="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount" xlink:to="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity securities without readily determinable fair value redemptions amount.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_RafaelCommonClassBMember" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelCommonClassBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelCommonClassBMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelCommonClassBMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelCommonClassBMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Common Class B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_ZedgelCommonClassBMember" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgelCommonClassBMember" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgelCommonClassBMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgelCommonClassBMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgelCommonClassBMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Zedgel Common Class B [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Equity method investment summarized statements of operations [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Tabular disclosure of other operating (expenses) gains, net [Tabel Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EmployeesMember" xlink:to="IDT_EmployeesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EmployeesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Employees [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember" xlink:to="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Deferred Stock Units [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember" xlink:to="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">IDT Payment Services [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RegalBancorpMember" xlink:to="IDT_RegalBancorpMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RegalBancorpMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Regal Ban corp [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations" xlink:to="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted net2phone common stock withheld from employees for income tax obligations.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember" xlink:to="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">EMI Preferred Stock [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2" xlink:to="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Write-off of contingent consideration liability.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_BillPereiraMember" xlink:to="IDT_BillPereiraMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_BillPereiraMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Bill Pereira [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ContingentBonusMember" xlink:to="IDT_ContingentBonusMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ContingentBonusMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Contingent Bonus [Member]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchange" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchange" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchange" xlink:to="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchange_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesExchange_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Stock issued during period shares exchange.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IncreaseDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterestsAndAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="IDT_IncreaseDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterestsAndAdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IncreaseDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterestsAndAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="IDT_IncreaseDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterestsAndAdditionalPaidInCapital_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IncreaseDecreaseInNoncontrollingInterestsAndAdditionalPaidInCapital_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Increase decrease in non controlling interests and additional paid in capital.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_IncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:label="IDT_IncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_IncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests" xlink:to="IDT_IncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_IncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Increase in non controlling interests.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_DecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="IDT_DecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_DecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="IDT_DecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_DecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Decrease in additional paid in capital.</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="idt-20240131.xsd#IDT_RestrictedCommonStockRepurchasedFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockRepurchasedFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockRepurchasedFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage" xlink:to="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockRepurchasedFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockRepurchasedFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted common stock repurchased from employees outstanding shares percentage.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock" xlink:to="IDT_ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Schedule Of Unrealized Loss On Investment [Table Text Block]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees" xlink:to="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations" xlink:to="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted net2phone common stock withheld from employees for income tax obligations.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage.</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Payments related to tax withholding for share based compensation increase in noncontrolling interests.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:to="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Payments related to tax withholding for share based compensation decrease in additional paid in capital.</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember" xlink:to="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember" xlink:to="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_doc" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/documentation" xlink:label="IDT_CommonClassAandBMember_doc" xml:lang="en-US">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member]</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember" xlink:to="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity Method Investee [Member] [Default Label]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Assets, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities, Current</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_Liabilities" xlink:to="us-gaap_Liabilities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_Liabilities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Liabilities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Treasury Stock, Value</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Equity, Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Gross Profit</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Income Tax Expense (Benefit)</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries" xlink:to="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries_3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Marketable Security, Unrealized Gain (Loss)</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Noncash Income (Expense)</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Prepaid Expense and Other Assets</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Increase (Decrease) in Contract with Customer, Liability</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Businesses, Net of Cash Acquired</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments to Acquire Marketable Securities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments of Capital Distribution</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Repayments of Other Debt</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Payments for Repurchase of Common Stock</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Period Increase (Decrease), Including Exchange Rate Effect</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_4_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_4_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash, and Restricted Cash Equivalents</link:label>
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock" xlink:to="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Capitalized Contract Cost, Net</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid</link:label>
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<td class="text">1-16371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IDT
CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001005731<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">22-3415036<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">520
    Broad Street<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Newark<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07102<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(973)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">438-1000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Class
    B common stock, par value $.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IDT<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,574,326<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,813,251<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an quarterly report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-Q<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 308<br> -Subsection a<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764701744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current assets:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 141,081<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,637<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">93,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95,186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">31,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $6,315 at January 31, 2024 and allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,642 at July 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,392<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,092<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent', window );">Settlement assets, net of reserve of $1,514 at January 31, 2024 and $1,143 at July 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">17,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,396<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding', window );">Disbursement prefunding</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,749<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,523<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,638<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,905<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,394<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent', window );">Total current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">407,576<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">387,068<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,713<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Goodwill', window );">Goodwill</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,318<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">26,457<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,196<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,874<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset', window );">Operating lease right-of-use assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,079<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,540<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet', window );">Deferred income tax assets, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,313<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,101<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent', window );">Other assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">11,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,919<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">521,778<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract', window );"><strong>Current liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,514<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">110,796<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="nump">33,803<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,343<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent', window );">Customer deposits</a></td>
<td class="nump">87,553<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86,481<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Settlement liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,789<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,495<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,194<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,761<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Total current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">285,034<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">294,107<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,354<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Liabilities', window );">Total liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">291,198<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,342<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies', window );">Commitments and contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount', window );">Redeemable noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,693<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,472<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue', window );">Preferred stock, $.01 par value; authorized shares&#8212;10,000; no shares issued</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Additional paid-in capital</a></td>
<td class="nump">300,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,408<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue', window );">Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 1,698 and 1,698 shares of Class A common stock and 4,288 and 4,152 shares of Class B common stock at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, respectively</a></td>
<td class="num">(118,631)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(115,461)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,192)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit', window );">Retained earnings</a></td>
<td class="nump">46,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,662<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity', window );">Total IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">211,784<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">193,729<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,267<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Total equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">219,887<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,996<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and equity</a></td>
<td class="nump">521,778<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract', window );"><strong>IDT Corporation stockholders&#8217; equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue', window );">Common stock, value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 281<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 279<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disbursement prefunding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisbursementPrefunding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of excess of issue price over par or stated value of stock and from other transaction involving stock or stockholder. Includes, but is not limited to, additional paid-in capital (APIC) for common and preferred stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(18))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
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Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 26: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AssetsCurrentAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.17)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.25)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479837/606-10-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allowance for credit loss, of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity), and investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (trading), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after allocation of valuation allowances and deferred tax liability, of deferred tax asset attributable to deductible differences and carryforwards, with jurisdictional netting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482525/740-10-45-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current portion, due within one year or one operating cycle, if longer, of deposits held other than customer deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepositLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482736/825-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Goodwill">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482598/350-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 350<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(10)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Goodwill</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Liabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: 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-Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481404/852-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 22: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19-26)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total obligations incurred as part of normal operations that are expected to be paid during the following twelve months or within one business cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 4: 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-Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-5<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 11: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrentAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's right to use underlying asset under operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncurrent assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated amortization of finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482955/340-10-05-5<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483032/340-10-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480842/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount due to the entity within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from outside sources, including trade accounts receivable, notes and loans receivable, as well as any other types of receivables, net of allowances established for the purpose of reducing such receivables to an amount that approximates their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>As of the reporting date, the aggregate carrying amount of all noncontrolling interests which are redeemable by the (parent) entity (1) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder of the noncontrolling interest, or (3) upon occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the (parent) entity. This item includes noncontrolling interest holder's ownership (or holders' ownership) regardless of the type of equity interest (common, preferred, other) including all potential organizational (legal) forms of the investee entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (12)(c)<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph 14<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Section S99<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph 15<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Section S99<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 480<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Subparagraph (16)(c)<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Section S99<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480244/480-10-S99-3A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestEquityCarryingAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated undistributed earnings (deficit).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-11<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(17))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash received or short term receivables for unsettled money transfers, money orders, consumer payments, or business to business payments. Settlement assets include clearing and settling customers payments due to and from financial institutions and may include cash and cash equivalents.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SettlementAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amounts payable for money transfers, money orders, and consumer payment service arrangements. Settlement liabilities include amounts payable to intermediaries for global payment transfers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-12<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(31))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 4.E)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480418/310-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483421/250-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483421/250-10-45-23<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483421/250-10-45-5<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount allocated to treasury stock. Treasury stock is common and preferred shares of an entity that were issued, repurchased by the entity, and are held in its treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481520/505-30-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29,30)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766465600">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent', window );">Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable current</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,315<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,642<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve', window );">Settlement assets, net of reserve</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,514<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,143<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Preferred stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Preferred stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued', window );">Preferred stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember', window );">Common Class A [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,272<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,574<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,574<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Treasury stock shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,698<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,698<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare', window );">Common stock, par value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.01<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized', window );">Common stock, shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued', window );">Common stock, shares issued</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,069<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,851<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Common stock, shares outstanding</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,781<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,699<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares', window );">Treasury stock shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,288<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,152<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Settlement assets, net of reserve.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SettlementAssetsReserve</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of allowance for credit loss on accounts receivable, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479344/326-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 310<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481962/310-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of common shares permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares of common stock outstanding. Common stock represent the ownership interest in a corporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-05(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Face amount or stated value per share of preferred stock nonredeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockParOrStatedValuePerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) permitted to be issued by an entity's charter and bylaws.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(16)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PreferredStockSharesIssued</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of previously issued common shares repurchased by the issuing entity and held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockCommonShares</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764677600">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 296,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 313,936<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 597,302<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 635,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue', window );">Direct cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">198,699<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">223,499<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">405,475<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">456,170<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit', window );">Gross profit</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">97,399<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90,437<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">191,827<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">179,582<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating expenses (gains):</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">80,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,060<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">157,965<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">141,679<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1', window );">Severance</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">345<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">213<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">869<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">312<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating expense (gain), net (see Note 10)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">294<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(190)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(816)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total operating expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">81,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">158,644<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">141,175<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income from operations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">16,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,407<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Interest income, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,195<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,039<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,320<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other income (expense), net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,534<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,613<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,053)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,229)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Income before income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">19,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,604<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,169<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,498<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit', window );">Provision for income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(3,992)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,295)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,939)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(9,634)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">15,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(1,329)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,146)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,239)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss', window );">Net income attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 14,623<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,625<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.88<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.87<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasicAbstract', window );"><strong>Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,175<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,510<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,176<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,556<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">25,317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,538<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,297<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,577<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and
administrative expenses</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfRevenue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(A))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(B))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 14: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfRevenue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareBasic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareDiluted</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GrossProfit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Aggregate revenue less cost of goods and services sold or operating expenses directly attributable to the revenue generation activity.</p></div>
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-Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 19: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1,2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GrossProfit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479557/942-235-S99-1<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 940<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481913/940-20-25-1<br><br>Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483443/250-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-10<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(9))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Topic 740<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 235<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of operating interest income (expense).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04.10)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InterestIncomeExpenseNet</td>
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<tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpensesAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expenses for special or contractual termination benefits provided to current employees involuntarily terminated under a benefit arrangement associated exit or disposal activities pursuant to an authorized plan. Excludes expenses related to one-time termination benefits, a discontinued operation or an asset retirement obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SeveranceCosts1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765610352">
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<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
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<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Share based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,487<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,858<span></span>
</td>
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<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and
administrative expenses</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766367984">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Statement [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 24,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities</a></td>
<td class="nump">270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">204<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(34)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax', window );">Foreign currency translation adjustments</a></td>
<td class="num">(919)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,227)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(288)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,372)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive loss</a></td>
<td class="num">(649)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,039)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(84)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,406)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,270<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,146<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,458<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(1,329)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(686)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,146)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,239)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax', window );">Comprehensive income attributable to IDT Corporation</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,776<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 12,584<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 22,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,219<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(26))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 810<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-20<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 21<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-21<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481175/810-10-55-4K<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 19<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-19<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(20))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 4K<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481175/810-10-55-4K<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax, before reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (a-c)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481839/830-10-45-9<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482014/830-20-35-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482739/220-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax and before adjustment, of unrealized holding gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale). Excludes unrealized gain (loss) on investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity) from transfer to available-for-sale.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-9<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10A<br> -Subparagraph (e)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-10A<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedHoldingGainLossOnSecuritiesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552761302304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Total</div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class A [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th">
<div>Common Stock [Member] </div>
<div>Common Class B [Member]</div>
</th>
<th class="th"><div>Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Treasury Stock, Common [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Retained Earnings [Member]</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Noncontrolling Interest [Member]</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Jul. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 170,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 277<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 296,005<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (101,565)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (11,305)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (15,830)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(5,006)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,006)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">615<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,858<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,857<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(187)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(187)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,406)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,406)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,666<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,625<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,041<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">193,014<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">298,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(106,906)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,711)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,876<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(335)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(335)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Oct. 31, 2022</a></td>
<td class="nump">178,439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">297,191<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(106,906)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,672)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,828)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,343<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,286<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(88)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(88)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(2,039)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,039)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,244<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,623<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">621<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">193,014<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">298,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(106,906)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(13,711)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,795<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,876<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Jul. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">199,996<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">301,408<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(115,461)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,662<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,267<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,155)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,155)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,558)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,611)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(83)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,581<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,581<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(59)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(59)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(84)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(84)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">24,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,084<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,925<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">219,887<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">281<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(118,631)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">46,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,103<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised', window );">Exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(15)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(15)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Oct. 31, 2023</a></td>
<td class="nump">206,967<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">279<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">302,351<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(118,312)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,627)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,922<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock through repurchase program</a></td>
<td class="num">(319)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(319)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees', window );">Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,558)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,611)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of National Retail Solutions shares for Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(83)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other comprehensive income (loss)</a></td>
<td class="num">(649)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(649)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,640<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,425<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,215<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rc">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest', window );">BALANCE at Jan. 31, 2024</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 219,887<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 33<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 281<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (118,631)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (17,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 46,746<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,103<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Net Income Loss Including Portion Attributable To Redeemable Non Controlling Interest And Non Controlling Interest In Subsidiaries</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NetIncomeLossIncludingPortionAttributableToRedeemableNonControllingInterestAndNonControllingInterestInSubsidiaries</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Treasury stock, value, repurchases of common stock through repurchase program.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TreasuryStockValueRepurchasesOfCommonStockThroughRepurchaseProgram</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Treasury stock, value, restricted common stock purchased from employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TreasuryStockValueRestrictedCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restricted net2phone common stock purchased from employees.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockPurchasedFromEmployees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase to additional paid-in capital (APIC) for recognition of cost for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-13<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481089/718-20-55-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationRequisiteServicePeriodRecognitionValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Decrease in noncontrolling interest balance from payment of dividends or other distributions by the non-wholly owned subsidiary or partially owned entity, included in the consolidation of the parent entity, to the noncontrolling interest holders.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestDecreaseFromDistributionsToNoncontrollingInterestHolders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1B<br><br>Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482739/220-10-55-15<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Value of stock issued as a result of the exercise of stock options.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.29-31)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent and noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483421/250-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483421/250-10-45-23<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 250<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483421/250-10-45-5<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765526032">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Operating activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net income</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 24,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27,864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">10,146<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,801<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits', window );">Deferred income taxes</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,787<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,788<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts', window );">Provision for credit losses, doubtful accounts receivable, and reserve for settlement assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,696<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">915<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Net unrealized loss from marketable securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,234<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,349<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock-based compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,858<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,595<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,359<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract', window );"><strong>Change in assets and liabilities:</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Trade accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(7,040)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,483<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets', window );">Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">9,966<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,323<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities', window );">Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, settlement liabilities, other current liabilities, and other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(12,021)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(19,344)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities', window );">Customer deposits at IDT Financial Services Limited (Gibraltar-based bank)</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,253<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability', window );">Deferred revenue</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(1,381)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,795)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by operating activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">39,723<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,616<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment', window );">Capital expenditures</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(8,885)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(10,578)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock in equity method investment</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(1,009)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired', window );">Payments for acquisition</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(60)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities', window );">Purchases of debt securities and equity investments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(19,357)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(28,129)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities', window );">Proceeds from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">31,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,531<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities', window );">Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,920<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(11,176)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution', window );">Distributions to noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(59)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(187)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt', window );">Proceeds from other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt', window );">Repayment of other liabilities.</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(15)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,014)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from borrowings under revolving credit facility</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">30,588<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,383<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayment of borrowings under revolving credit facility.</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(30,588)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,383)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Proceeds from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">172<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock', window );">Repurchases of Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(3,170)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,341)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities', window );">Net cash used in financing activities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,972)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(7,070)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(3,182)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">746<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect', window );">Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">35,489<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,116<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">198,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">189,562<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">234,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">207,678<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract', window );"><strong>Supplemental schedule of non-cash financing activities</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations', window );">Restricted net2phone common stock withheld from employees for income tax obligations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1', window );">Value of Class B common stock exchanged for National Retail Solutions shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,254<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther', window );">Stock issued to certain executive officers for bonus payments</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 615<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and
administrative expenses</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restricted net2phone common stock withheld from employees for income tax obligations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ValueRestrictedSubsidiaryCommonStockWithheldFromEmployeesForIncomeTaxObligations</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of other increase (decrease) in additional paid in capital (APIC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AdjustmentsToReconcileNetIncomeLossToCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Topic 830<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481877/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseIncludingExchangeRateEffect</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of deferred income tax expense (benefit) and income tax credits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxesAndTaxCredits</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) from effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; held in foreign currencies. Excludes amounts for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 230<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481877/830-230-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectOfExchangeRateOnCashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the amounts payable to vendors for goods and services received and the amount of obligations and expenses incurred but not paid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration has been received or is receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 912<br> -SubTopic 310<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482312/912-310-45-11<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInContractWithCustomerLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOperatingCapitalAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in current liabilities classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherCurrentLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses, and assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidDeferredExpenseAndOtherAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in marketable security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(7)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from operating activities, including discontinued operations. Operating activity cash flows include transactions, adjustments, and changes in value not defined as investing or financing activities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivitiesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NoncashInvestingAndFinancingItemsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (expense) included in net income that results in no cash inflow (outflow), classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The value of the noncash (or part noncash) consideration given (for example, liability, equity) in a transaction. Noncash is defined as transactions during a period that do not result in cash receipts or cash payments in the period. "Part noncash" refers to that portion of a transaction not resulting in cash receipts or cash payments in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherSignificantNoncashTransactionValueOfConsiderationGiven1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow to reacquire common stock during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash outflow to owners or shareholders, excluding ordinary dividends. Includes special dividends.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsOfCapitalDistribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of a business, net of the cash acquired from the purchase.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireBusinessesNetOfCashAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for purchase of marketable security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-11<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from debt classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromOtherDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash inflow associated with the aggregate amount received by the entity through sale or maturity of marketable securities (held-to-maturity or available-for-sale) during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of expense (reversal of expense) for expected credit loss on accounts receivable.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479319/326-20-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProvisionForDoubtfulAccounts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for the payment of debt classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfOtherDebt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770547712">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of Presentation<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock', window );">Basis of Presentation</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zBn8O2NAdUE1" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
1&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_ze31ZkMvVu41">Basis of Presentation</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company&#8221; or
&#8220;IDT&#8221;) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(&#8220;U.S. GAAP&#8221;) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X.
Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the
opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have
been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results
that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024. The balance sheet at July 31, 2023 has been derived from the
Company&#8217;s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S.
GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes
thereto included in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending
in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2024 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
of January 31, 2024, the Company owned <span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z2mbkSg7kPsf" title="Ownership percentage">94.0</span>%
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary,
net2phone 2.0, Inc. (&#8220;net2phone 2.0&#8221;), which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zKs8Ddx1NS3" title="Ownership percentage">81.2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions (&#8220;NRS&#8221;), and, on a fully diluted basis, assuming all the vesting criteria
related to various rights granted have been met and other assumptions, the Company would own <span id="xdx_902_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zRYOgc8dq273" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage">90.8</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">%
of net2phone 2.0 and </span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_905_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zFCQnRMcdFh3" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage">78.9</span>%
of NRS.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zgciuZdZZg5g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_864_z5TTKQNETRra">Reclassifications</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and
&#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense and is reporting gross profit (in accordance with U.S. GAAP) in the
consolidated statements of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated
statements of income. Depreciation and amortization expense of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zJKDP31zLlT1" title="Depreciation and amortization">5.0</span>
million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation as follows:
$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zBxaaTxPqiQ4" title="Depreciation and amortization">1.1</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z4tsMwN1W6yk" title="Depreciation and amortization">3.9</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense, and depreciation and amortization expense of
$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zKa5bk098037" title="Depreciation and amortization">9.8</span>
million in the six months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation as follows:
$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zUlp3o3IqD1h" title="Depreciation and amortization">2.1</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z0fhjsS6dL49" title="Depreciation and amortization">7.7</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash provided by &#8220;Trade accounts receivable&#8221; in the six months ended January 31,
2023 of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_z7O81wh6ICu4" title="Trade accounts receivable">13.8</span> million was reclassified to &#8220;Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets,
and other assets&#8221; to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zBYZwNmMGGCl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zy1C3fY1Vpc1">Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit
Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,</i> that changed the impairment model for most financial
assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, entities are required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss
model to determine its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining the allowance
for credit losses for its trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based
on past experience, taking into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company
also considers future economic trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks will be assessed
based on historical write-offs, net of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally
increasing as the receivable ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist,
such as pending bankruptcies. Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not
be recovered. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the concept of &#8220;other-than-temporary&#8221; impairment
was replaced by a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#8220;Other income (expense), net&#8221;
in the consolidated statements of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

<p id="xdx_850_zygl6Hyr3nk8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//235/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552866965296">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Business Segment Information</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zRb5iOtrir0h" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
2&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_ztMiXbutq6q6">Business Segment Information</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_pid_dc_uSegments_c20230801__20240131_zHKiMhQvqjsc" title="Number of reportable segments">four</span>
reportable business segments, NRS, Fintech, net2phone, and Traditional Communications. Any items not included within, or allocated
to, one of the segments is presented under &#8220;Corporate.&#8221;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point-of-sale (&#8220;POS&#8221;) network providing independent retailers with store management
software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#8217; POS platform provides marketers with digital
out-of-home advertising and transaction data.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services; and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation
(&#8220;Leaf&#8221;), a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, a variable interest entity that operates money
transfer businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#8220;IDT Financial Services&#8221;), the Company&#8217;s Gibraltar-based
bank.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#8217;s cloud communications and contact center offerings.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of
airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution Calling, an international
long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a
wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide.
Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature
businesses in harvest mode.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#8217;s chief operating decision maker. The accounting
policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations
to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#8217; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zKoCd27sIUhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_zFpwv2wKKeee" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%; margin-left: 0.25in">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_z5xfCXu5aCQ4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyvp1FoYYgGi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43A_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z7jjZGP6X3uj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z2jZwHcj8Ei4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_439_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zLpQ6URp7G75" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_43A_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zWWDzOONXex6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z0ReqZJ3xcal" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zoQpKzP0C6l6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDRI4e3mfpY8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzKEsdSVHqJf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">30,024</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(5,891</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">33,183</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyaHO1PaGaF5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552771607840">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revenue Recognition<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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3&#8212;<span id="xdx_82C_z21Ta6vBM12i">Revenue Recognition</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#8217;s core assets. BOSS Money&#8217;s and NRS&#8217; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time,
and net2phone&#8217;s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications
services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#8217;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital
Payments, BOSS Revolution Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumer and through
distributors and retailers.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Disaggregated
Revenues</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zSile3fCIjd8" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">296,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">313,936</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">597,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">635,752</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>


<p id="xdx_8AE_zaTzNcdSitC5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDUhlebawVC9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_zW3r3SdSsjh6" style="display: none">Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><b>(in thousands)</b></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>Three Months Ended January 31, 2024</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zhrAsgpF4qJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zd7F6dt6IlLf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">50,390</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_431_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zcvqI5KdB6Y6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,371</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">19,110</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNn4GwXD1rG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,086</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,653</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">58,761</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">69,500</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z6XZ9vD4ShLe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">25,223</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">27,987</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">20,353</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">296,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zysWN6il7im6" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">25,223</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">27,987</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">222,535</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">296,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><b>(in thousands)</b></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zKo3sJ0G4R2b" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zdpyzEj72na2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zOQEzDbXeOkd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_430_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zgwBs0WyVQM3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zWpenZv3Yxxi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">17,794</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zMY3ll8CdLC3" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">19,822</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">20,321</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">17,794</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">255,999</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">313,936</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcivPxvB5Bci" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zBPHDuJ72k3f" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fintech</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zDbgP6Ml5l6i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">net2phone</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zuBr5txBCvP4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Traditional Communications</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>Six Months Ended January 31, 2024</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zYmys4HBCU8i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">52,734</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">326,842</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">450,181</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zbQTLTLmp2kh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1213">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1214">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1215">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">109,232</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">109,232</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zE6ZOZrmRXDd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,816</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18,892</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">17,181</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">37,889</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zEj3Ra0RJF85" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,816</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18,892</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">147,121</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zR0NIvQR4Irb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0Njrcot081b" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>Six Months Ended January 31, 2023</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zeVSSqHyb5xi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zID2o6g0WpMa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqiQ2cXRJUsa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">22,463</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zBukiIsqSWs8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,341</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">16,428</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">160,403</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">178,172</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_431_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zIQMOaRySi92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">34,744</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">521,665</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">635,752</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZDlrNJfQ5Lk" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">39,135</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">40,208</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">34,744</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">521,665</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">635,752</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p id="xdx_8AF_zyOudyCZzjQf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Remaining
Performance Obligations </i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of January 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zyZynuk7Zcy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B5_zmZe0R5Rk6kl" style="display: none">Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in
thousands)</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240131_z6sZc7Z8bPg7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Twelve-month period ending January 31:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zJI5RUZ5eyRg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p id="xdx_8A1_zBgnWkkhSfca" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#8217;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract
assets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#8217;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution Calling. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets as &#8220;Deferred revenue&#8221;.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_zFpl4HVepJ89" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents information about the Company&#8217;s contract liability balance:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BE_zpkNH9TmhZxg" style="display: none">Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities</span></p>

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  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8A1_zUmNhCpBlR81" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
<i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The Company&#8217;s
incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties on sales to end users.
If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs, the Company applies
the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred. For net2phone sales, the Company defers these
costs and amortizes them over the expected customer relationship period when it is expected to exceed one year.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_z57H037sii3j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zZrva8PgggFg" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p id="xdx_8A4_z91aFfc0OPIj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
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<p id="xdx_891_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zGbEpFQikioe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B9_zjMNslriWMie" style="display: none">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552771578384">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock', window );">Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z7INJG47dLDf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
4&#8212;<span id="xdx_823_zvv5Iv0A5Agb">Leases</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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year</span> to <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240131__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDGYEkCvLQTj" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract">six
years</span>. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The
Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">net2phone
is the lessee under equipment leases that are classified as finance leases. The assets and liabilities related to these finance leases
are not material to the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance sheets.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zJ8khxrPqJ23" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_ze7Hsupevxfg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Cash paid for amounts included
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">724</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">824</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8AB_zcagjsgfOjLc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_z4z31RgtXsPf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B0_zsiLXyg7STP1" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131_zfp5yEkKmnj3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">4.3</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">%</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_z00kFafsvLBj" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent">3.7</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A6_ziAKASSURc3c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zx4dOcMgWbL6" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities">0.9</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zRUHclN43zBc" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities">1.7</span> million, respectively,
in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zGKsqsEfDPO9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_zGCZW1f8YP09" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240131_zToZyCl00sql" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>January 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2024</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zcPPZrMTQAzj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zjSRhXwbuWOe" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240131_zTXGKpvpSj52" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1381"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1382">Other current liabilities</span></span></span></span>&#8221;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">2,810</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 14%; text-align: right">2,861</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zyPaLZhHoFL" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,448</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,881</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zgknJEpLnlEb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">5,258</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">5,742</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_zarMmO386QDc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zqR9AHxxqDMh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B1_zSORGLoXzmRf" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: center"><b>(in thousands)</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20240131_z6lDh0Wfh2qg">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zuK3xHyR71ek" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 80%; text-align: left">2025</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">2,988</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zQeApMg7xr29" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2026</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zBWyE6Fuil2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2027</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">636</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zK8uqaQOZuD5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">2028</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">320</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zUGx2prLeC88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">2029</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">183</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zbMeRYpQtGMf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Thereafter</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">152</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_zW9cTz1aRhI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Total lease payments</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">5,623</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_zdouHQ97Gft5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Total operating lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for operating leases of lessee. Includes, but is not limited to, description of operating lease and maturity analysis of operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//842-20/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770177392">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_z1NwrowJC3gi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
5&#8212;<span id="xdx_826_zThrMDgB6EO7">Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zNJcJQggVe98" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BA_z0xBWUlPEOOc" style="display: none">Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">141,081</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 16%; text-align: right">103,637</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">93,231</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">95,186</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zJCoFW82SoZg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">234,312</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">198,823</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A7_zQBtzMs7ht8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zDeVe89iWkki" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current">88.2</span> million and $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zZj9kb7x5uzl" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current">87.3</span> million, respectively, in restricted
cash and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#8217;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, &#8220;Cash and cash equivalents&#8221; in the Company&#8217;s consolidated balance
sheets included an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zQufZIA98OV3" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value">39.8</span> million and $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zF569fJThwb1" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value">20.6</span> million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services
of New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for cash and cash equivalent footnotes, which may include the types of deposits and money market instruments, applicable carrying amounts, restricted amounts and compensating balance arrangements. Cash and equivalents include: (1) currency on hand (2) demand deposits with banks or financial institutions (3) other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits (4) short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only investments maturing within three months from the date of acquisition qualify.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770177392">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Debt Securities</a></td>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zCHVAmeE2ih6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
<span id="xdx_8B2_zT5lguNwfU57" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities</span></span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Amortized Cost</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Gross Unrealized Gains</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>January 31, 2024:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zHzNTuH2pzXe" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1439">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"></td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zLiR28YLD4Vl" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">23,738</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn2qP7APNsaa" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax">12</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zhQPO65ihnq2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(76</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zOcnPXEflcLg" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">23,674</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z4lHu0FhAhmk" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">3,261</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zFpzqYIebRXb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax">1</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zjQgsJpLDMM4" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(3</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z0JI0obgJqR4" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">3,259</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zj2GoHcmoS0l" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">3,901</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ1qRamkMwv2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax">1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP8FzVbVNEw5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(376</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFMMbF2wmhC" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">3,526</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zElAFbXmoWwb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">31,860</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zhgzxsyWGBCb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax">14</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131_z6AaFGcdAOQ2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(455</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zcfx4N64v1Ma" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">31,419</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>July 31, 2023:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit*</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____za0rZj6RTwWh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">4,080</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____znCkkzEmVgb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1477">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zSbet5qBiOfj" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(4</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zREJsteXDenh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">4,076</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5zsllvIvpEb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">31,186</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJ6gTSF74228" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1485">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zP63A4RJA4fg" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(148</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0xdwb8lbuGb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zrKDWFb4KQZ2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">3,881</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zBYO6MFkXeid" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1493">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zp2rtePjLTz" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(8</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zxnkoRUNEGAh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">3,873</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVR5kpMkQZjh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">3,912</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zutqnFZ8htoi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1501">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYpRyx4fTxY1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(485</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zGXBhyVnASc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">3,427</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIyf6a0ZUMtj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1509">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zl5Ui1CPWjy" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(645</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zJydKqTjkMz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">42,414</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_F0D_zlR6eEPiUBhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F13_zq3DLJ18GP8e" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</span></td></tr>
</table>


<p id="xdx_8AF_zbyBXZTUJcdb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated
balance sheets. As of January 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or
market liquidity and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company did not
intend to sell any of the securities with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company
will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $<span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20231101__20240131_z4G7wYugehE8" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">14.2</span> million and $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zEB4aBLOS1zb" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">16.1</span> million in the three
months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zIHiRAUbQ617" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">31.2</span> million and $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zN8XsySzt99g" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale">27.5</span> million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and
2023, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three and six months ended January
31, 2024 and 2023. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales
of debt securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">
&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zmn4eE5A05v3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_z3x2XOmstprf" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240131_zL1QsLE2umUj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zyHIpBWXhC5f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Within one year</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 20%; text-align: right">23,087</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zfq38sRlTgWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">After one year through five years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,496</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_ztgu87K5ropk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">After five years through ten years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">808</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_z93UKn3krlH5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">After ten years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">28</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zKTH3XHYWCu1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">31,419</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A1_zucYXZjOd0sh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zvecwng99B2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zqix8cCZSsl8" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>January 31, 2024:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zD5nDFkyDS06" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1538">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zCgBmbF7tyJ5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zwCFPXAeQpwh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">76</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5H2P3rJ00U1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">21,754</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zA4h2Cte10r2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">3</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zapKeFYjk0e1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">2,910</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zbXhBVhlxZB8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">376</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zKxGeIto0DB7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">3,384</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSmojKOYkL09" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">28,048</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>July 31, 2023:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zM2e1ZLdwBG3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">4</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zI4jNMOycrH3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">3,356</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zX7XhAwTmBH1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">148</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zxGFujR3YBJd" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8AB_zQ53jE3Gzeu9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<p id="xdx_896_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_zCJEbFMiFRc9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSUoJvwxdRBe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">439</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zHw4NVtzBXph" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,221</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zq5OGjF6KVG1" style="text-align: right">86</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zyP46hOJLtll" style="text-align: right">816</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znOsba4Q9j1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">484</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770527648">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock', window );">Equity Investments</a></td>
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7&#8212;<span id="xdx_820_zQEjxppTbMa1">Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zgw9C8NZlcMf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Equity
investments consist of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BB_z9N2rwRw2pV6" style="display: none">Schedule of Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49E_20240131_z1ofF8kgkfva" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_49D_20230731_zIY7YW3vaVR5" style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zE84L0Xd953g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z5q7dcPFxNBa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Fixed income mutual funds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Current equity investments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zG08e3bPOxy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">1,450</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">Hedge funds</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,951</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,002</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_ztZqB4qfsbLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Noncurrent equity investments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">7,558</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p id="xdx_8AA_zVPTpQCLrNKf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Howard
S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors, is also the Vice-Chairman of the Board
of Directors of Zedge, Inc. and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael Holdings, Inc.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zuN4KxqhKwcj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span id="xdx_8BD_z3V3W4RfRib6" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231101__20240131_zGTeBYi8Jjid" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_zoK9idOUW4pl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240131_zOfh4NkhwwQ8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zaPi1RzyPmWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">120</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>Redemption</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zMrQhUgDn8g3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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<p id="xdx_8A2_zXRPqsY1NZCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company increased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class
A common stock, including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as &#8220;Adjustment for observable transactions
involving a similar investment from the same issuer&#8221; in the table above. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Regal
Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company received cash of $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn5n6_c20231201__20231231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RegalBancorpMember_ziNgv9K64pd6" title="Cash">0.2</span> million in December 2023 in exchange for its shares of Regal Bancorp common
stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zQSOGmCID7dc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair
value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zJPbwG8eenm7" style="display: none">Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230801__20240131_z6mwGxvqAnm1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zPC9AWsCEw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zWGpIbddOJva" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1675">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zqIT1G639A88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">715</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zw2colt9Tk89" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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</table>

<p id="xdx_8A8_zm7pjT8ndm6g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Equity
Method Investment </i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or &#8220;EMI&#8221;).
As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company&#8217;s ownership was <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zb9vKKkhzsDb">33.4</span>% and <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zAhU5hxwoxvi">33.3</span>%, respectively, of the EMI&#8217;s outstanding
shares on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#8217;s shares, there were differences between its investment in
the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zIAhCFV1maA8" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost">8.2</span> million, which represented the share of the EMI&#8217;s
customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#8217;s interest in the EMI. <span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230801__20240131_zXPzwpjYTel9" title="Equity method investment, description">These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list.</span> In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of
equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#8220;Other income (expense), net&#8221; (see Note 17).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
February 2024, each of the EMI&#8217;s shareholders (including the Company) agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#8217;s
convertible preferred stock. The Company paid $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240201__20240229__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zrPMUp97pEu2" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock">0.3</span>
million in February 2024 and is committed to pay $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240301__20240331__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zUBpTjkx1Pv3" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock">0.2</span>
million in March 2024 to purchase the additional shares.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zzDgfiNmelPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zxhP2B6JcHr5" style="display: none">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_zXUlYHzZ6Oge" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1725">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zFaW1FDiG3pi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zOOqVP8MCQo1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Amortization of equity method basis difference</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zHv8jY07S0wa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,932</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p id="xdx_8A3_zjjs7zZKOugc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zRmMJmqFMA8a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B6_zFt4TnDfeBK1" style="display: none">Summary of Statements of Operations</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for cash, cash equivalents, investments in debt and equity instruments (including cost and equity investees and related income statement amounts), equity and cost method investments, investments in joint ventures and any other investment.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552866965296">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Equity investments included in current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z9PUQZGCeeD6" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1793">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zZjb1gjvHjzd" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVx2jujGDnS7" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">5,076</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z1QG94pikfN2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zYajMIaOtDS8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zPuHYz3RUQ73" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">2,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zb0l4uFAHYt" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total">8,745</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zwdbWBHbnZZk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total">1,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpcbGD3ZhSra" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total">38,945</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z23AhUrgTCai" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1815">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zkT1dHx7Qwti" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1817">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGnknwTi519j" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(1,945</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zrnGi0EeO2ne" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(1,945</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zhB964xHEVei" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6CqidrNjvug" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1825">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zHozaiExpTHh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,572</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zE4IFOOUSPGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,572</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_znUBtNvLTWlf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zfRohAY7DsT9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1833">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z63FJUEJd184" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,517</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1p05SBkynkc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,517</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Debt securities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zL71U1F1Dm9a" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zcKgoNisuanl" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">11,376</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z5peHavt5iyj" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1843">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zlGKWjPYnaI1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">42,414</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zvwSLshzWj12" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1849">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z8w8hPsfEa5j" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z25u7esSuOyi" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">6,198</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6O5UK8f9nWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">2,500</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGq3wLD9nAd5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zylH9MYjwdT8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">3,763</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zv6wluUjzPGi" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1873">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zsUSVdk2vVMa" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(2,032</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zMMFhHPoFiGk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zULqXoRATzG2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1881">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zwETakUHM5ge" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,773</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx25VkDuRxd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,773</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zutCSbmGA6W8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1887">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zG5WMXaBWCw5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1889">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zLsTN6ZG0INl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zisCbmVZgQCc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F07_zprwJ39Tojg2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_znq5wOE4T4Bg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F0B_zoRBPVRHTDKf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td id="xdx_F15_zXSizszRkzB" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F06_z8dIU8MW9Qd7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td id="xdx_F13_zHNwBfOIbCrl" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</span></td>
</tr></table>

<p id="xdx_8A0_z9apR3tTnBBh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
both January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company had $<span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zGHTRYd0rwE6"><span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z2zJQ72lpos9">3.0</span></span> million in investments in hedge funds, which were included in noncurrent
&#8220;Equity investments&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#8217;s investments in hedge funds were
accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zTBusqvuVbwg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zp6Ng28qGWae" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20221101__20230131_zgIn3I40nmz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8A1_zYMQmEqZOGW3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zwImc8wDQe1h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8AE_zfIKUWACVUvl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zcRIOJWxo7t6" title="Payment for contingent consideration">0.2</span> million and $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zDoF3pBtSzXe" title="Payment for contingent consideration">0.4</span> million, respectively, for contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions. In addition,
in January 2024, the Company determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration payment related to an acquisition in a prior
period would not be met, and, in September 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration
payments related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. The Company recognized gains on the write-off of these contingent consideration
payment obligations, which were included in &#8220;Other operating (expense) gain, net&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements
of income.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
estimated fair value of the Company&#8217;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate
valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently,
the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities. </i>At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Other
assets and other liabilities. </i>At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#8217;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy.</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770239200">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Variable Interest Entity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock_zuk9b9MROO09" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
9&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zjGer7MgGJme">Variable Interest Entity</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (&#8220;VIE&#8221;) that operates money transfer businesses. The Company
determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic
performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially
be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus
the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BC_zNLbUvaKflQi" style="display: none">Schedule
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<p id="xdx_8AE_zhlf2QqLTrV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for a variable interest entity (VIE), including but not limited to, judgments and assumptions in determining whether to consolidate and in identifying the primary beneficiary, gain (loss) recognized on the initial consolidation of the VIE, terms of arrangements, amounts and classification of the VIE's assets and liabilities, and the entity's maximum exposure to loss.</p></div>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zdLXx6zh67Dc" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
10&#8212;<span id="xdx_825_zFCxCY73zLlf">Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_zjmtjwH1ovwc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net</span></span></p>

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    <td style="text-align: left">Traditional Communications&#8212; cable telephony customer indemnification claim</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<p id="xdx_8A3_zolyZ1t5XIyg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company&#8217;s
former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#8220;Straight Path&#8221;). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting
gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023. On October 3, 2023, the
Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217;
allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Write-off
of Contingent Consideration Liability</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In January 2024, the Company determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration payment related to
an acquisition in a prior period would not be met. In addition, in September 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a
portion of the contingent consideration payments related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. The Company recognized gains on the
write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations in the net2phone and Fintech segments.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Government
Grants</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, Leaf received payments from government grants for the development and commercialization
of blockchain-backed financial technologies.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Indemnification
Claim</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement
in exchange for $<span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230508__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_znNw7xSyL5Wi" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim">3.9</span> million, which was recorded as an expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for other operating income and other operating expense items.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769735056">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Debt Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Revolving Credit Facility</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zSY4GgPEESYj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
11&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_z6KnrNn6SxT2">Revolving Credit Facility</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#8220;IDT Telecom&#8221;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zwuZLJpiIhif" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity">25.0</span> million. As of July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom
and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements
and for certain closing costs of the facility. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_do_c20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zw54YEpfkhQ1" title="Outstanding line of credit"><span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_do_c20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z7WbjbOWwXt7" title="Outstanding line of credit">no</span></span> amounts outstanding under this facility.
In the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zhEE9XCnSq7c" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zK64Jhi9qcKa" title="Repayment of lines of credit">30.6</span></span> million and $<span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z6CqSZvIhZR1" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"><span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zuVggetfZKz5" title="Repayment of lines of credit">2.4</span></span> million, respectively,
under the facility. <span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zmvN7OdZ4Llf" title="Credit facility, description">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding
bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points,
plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest
is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on <span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zTUiZf9K5tR8" title="Debt instrument maturity date">May 16, 2026</span>. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly
unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zpaWD4Jyngfe" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount">25.0</span> million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending
upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter.</span> IDT Telecom is required to comply with various
affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit
facility. As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.</span></p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (h)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//470/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1C<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1C<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1C<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1E<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1I<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I<br><br>Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1I<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I<br><br>Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1I<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770211744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Equity</a></td>
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12&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_zXq7GvjVWObc">Equity</span></span></p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>&#160;</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>2024
Equity Incentive Plan</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved the adoption of the Company&#8217;s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the
&#8220;2024 Plan&#8221;), which is intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors, and consultants of the Company,
including stock options, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock units (&#8220;DSUs&#8221;), and restricted stock, from and after
September 16, 2024. There are <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_z2IQlwiPTbbj" title="Number of shares, grant">250,000</span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock reserved for the grant of awards under the 2024 Plan.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>2015
Stock Option and Incentive Plan</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#8217;s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company&#8217;s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
(the &#8220;2015 Plan&#8221;) to increase the number of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock available for the grant of
awards thereunder by an additional <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20231213__20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zpe5bPUSAnP5" title="Additional number of shares authorized">250,000</span> shares. The 2015 Plan is scheduled to expire on September 16, 2024.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
both the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z2WZOd5FokWb" title="Received cash from exercise of stock options"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zQYu7bCFqFQe" title="Received cash from exercise of stock options">0.2</span>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">million for which the Company issued <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z43D50X5h89a" title="Shares issued"><span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zBKZyr2X5mx3" title="Shares issued">12,500</span></span>
 shares of its Class B common stock.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Stock
Repurchases</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#8217;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z8furF5AmRIi" title="Aggregate repurchased shares">8.0</span> million shares in the aggregate. In the six months
ended January 31, 2024, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zjajV3PpAjs8" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">135,261</span> shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXmHdeiUVVDb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">3.2</span> million.
In the six months ended January 31, 2023, the Company repurchased <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zt0zxcAw6de4" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">203,436</span> shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z6eTJNc59qp9" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">5.0</span> million. At January 31, 2024, <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zU10PdG81Pj5" title="Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased">4.6</span> million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zlCrlZqbSd7k" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">15,000</span> and $<span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z6XNfXexdmDi" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased">0.3</span> million, respectively, to repurchase <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z60aSOMHuGof" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">654</span> and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zhGpTSyUdO57" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased">13,403</span>
shares, respectively, of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees&#8217;
tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of DSUs, the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, and shares issued
for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading
day immediately prior to the vesting date.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Program</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_znxhxkYb1Xx1">The
number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting
date, depending on the market price for the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by
the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors of $25.45 per share (which was based on the market price at the
time of the initial grants under this program).</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
February 21, 2024, the second vesting date under the program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees,
the Company issued <span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20240221__20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zvsd03rpkt26">53,706</span>
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">shares of its Class B common stock for vested
DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other services to the Company, the remaining <span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zsK9WoQ5vX99">147,540</span>
</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025,
the third and final vesting date under the program.</span></p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Amended and Restated Employment Agreement
with Abilio (&#8220;Bill&#8221;) Pereira</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">On December 21, 2023,
the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company&#8217;s President and Chief
Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants, including <span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z0nBKtnAN9Tk" title="Vested shares">23,500</span>
DSUs that, upon vesting, represent the right to receive shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock, and <span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziOjPeO7jjac" title="Vested shares">50,000</span>
shares of Class B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial
milestones as set forth in the agreement. The Company currently believes it is probable that some of the milestones will be
satisfied, and some of the contingent bonus will be earned, for which the contingent bonus may be paid, at Mr. Pereira&#8217;s
option, in either shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock or cash. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2024,
the Company recorded an aggregate stock-based compensation expense of $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zICk34uVTzof" title="Stock based compensation expense"><span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zKAZSO6y3b31" title="Stock based compensation expense">1.4</span></span>
million related to these equity grants and the contingent bonus, which is included in &#8220;Selling, general and administrative
expense&#8221; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. At January 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zgtkWFjWhPc6" title="Total unrecognized compensation">0.4</span>
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to Mr. Pereira&#8217;s non-vested DSUs, which is expected to be recognized
over the remaining vesting period that ends in February 2025. Also at January 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--ContingentBonusMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zDbCAFITGmm" title="Total unrecognized compensation">2.0</span>
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the probable portion of Mr. Pereira&#8217;s contingent bonus, which is
expected to be recognized over the estimated period that the Company expects the milestones to be satisfied, which ends in the first
quarter of fiscal 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Exchange of NRS Shares for the Company&#8217;s
Shares</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">In January 2024,
three management employees of NRS exchanged shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock that they held for shares of the
Company&#8217;s Class B common stock with an equal value. The NRS shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zcCRDtAmevQh" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage">1.25</span>%
of NRS&#8217; outstanding shares, which were exchanged for an aggregate of <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zH59IZrMF377" title="Number of shares during period">192,433</span>
shares of the Company&#8217;s Class B common stock. The Company accounted for the exchange as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; and an increase in &#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_900_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zJK7jkI79cf9" title="Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock">0.1</span>
million, based on the carrying amount of the <span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_c20240101__20240131_zvY6yDXCnWyi" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage">1.25</span>%
noncontrolling interest in NRS.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Restricted net2phone 2.0 Common Stock Repurchased
from Employees</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>&#160;</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt">In January 2024, the restrictions
lapsed on the <span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zBKBk0PzaA69" title="Vested shares">0.5</span> million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock that were granted in December 2020 to each of Howard
S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas, the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer. In addition, in January 2024, Bill Pereira was granted <span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zQWSKPr31ci3" title="Shares granted">50,000</span>
shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock in connection with the agreement described above. The Company withheld a portion of these
shares representing an aggregate of <span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_pid_dp_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z4Fh4TC8dslc" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage">4.5</span>% of the outstanding shares of net2phone 2.0 with an aggregate fair value of $<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdxCAVB6mKid" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability">3.6</span> million to satisfy
the grantees&#8217; tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock or the grant of shares.
The fair value per share of the net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock was based on a valuation of the business enterprise using a market
approach and income approach. The Company recorded an increase in &#8220;Noncontrolling interests&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zKUbAN8h2ABh" title="Increase in non controlling interests">53,000</span> and a decrease in
&#8220;Additional paid-in capital&#8221; of $<span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zFQq2X9G7ie4" title="Decrease in additional paid in capital">3.61</span> million, and an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $<span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z5D7uU5pOICb" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability">3.6</span> million.</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Subsequent
Event</i>&#8212;<i>Dividend Payments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
March 2024, the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableAmountPerShare_iI_c20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zPJsTAU1vNJf" title="Cash dividend per share">0.05</span> per share on the Company&#8217;s Class
A and Class B common stock. The initial dividend will be paid on or about <span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_c20240331__20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zSU6AxaUsvhi" title="Dividend paid date">March 27, 2024</span> with a record date of <span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_c20240331__20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zjH3m2nHofca" title="Dividend record date">March 19, 2024</span>. The dividend
will supplement the Company&#8217;s existing stock repurchase program.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for equity.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770263424">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zWKyzrP4G43i" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
13&#8212;<span id="xdx_82E_z1zr3IQ0ZL6k">Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing <span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zAoSHAZ9Q6jb" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage">2.5</span>% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#8220;Alta Fox&#8221;) for cash of $<span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zaFt94qKfFIe" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction">10</span> million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#8217; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#8217; capital stock following which NRS&#8217; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares of NRS&#8217; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:</span></p>

<p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zkP4t7zXffT3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_8BA_zCazoar8Llj" style="display: none">Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqUDVGQL4d79" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkmFbl3RH5zg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Six Months Ended</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>January 31,</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zSl3HOc786Lc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</td><td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right">114</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right">65</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right">221</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right">198</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries, which could include the name of the subsidiary, the ownership percentage held by the parent, the ownership percentage held by the noncontrolling owners, the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the location of this amount on the balance sheet (when not reported separately), an explanation of the increase or decrease in the amount of the noncontrolling interest, the noncontrolling interest share of the net Income or Loss of the subsidiary, the location of this amount on the income statement (when not reported separately), the nature of the noncontrolling interest such as background information and terms, the amount of the noncontrolling interest represented by preferred stock, a description of the preferred stock, and the dividend requirements of the preferred stock.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769735056">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Earnings Per Share<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zJg4if002Pe4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
14&#8212; <span id="xdx_822_z5zgaGUFg5s8">Earnings Per Share</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zwfD9w7s6kDa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#8217;s
common stockholders consists of the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_8B7_zWPjo6TmbyFl" style="display: none">Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_z6g6rY68waka" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">Effect of dilutive securities:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Stock options</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">25,538</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">25,297</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">25,577</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<p id="xdx_8A6_zMN06Cj3UjS4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
were no shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for earnings per share.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770228112">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_zylGblGtI9X9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
15&#8212;<span id="xdx_82B_zNxpUNMQsLpj">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zJqAXodSXO6k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_8B5_zSfZJxsyUSR6" style="display: none">Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160; </span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Unrealized</p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Loss on</p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Available-for-Sale Securities</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Foreign<br/>
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 Translation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Accumulated<br/>
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 Comprehensive<br/>
 Loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 55%">Balance, July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zcbqIsIzex3k" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(645</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zPBtqIOjnw4e" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">(16,547</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zGGBNmUVq7T7" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">(17,192</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770439616">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Commitments and Contingencies</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zWSH1nJndGX4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note
16&#8212;<span id="xdx_829_zj8z0Rv3GV2f">Commitments and Contingencies</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>COVID-19</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report,
the Company continues to monitor the situation. The Company cannot predict with certainty the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates
on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Legal
Proceedings</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and derivatively
on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of Chancery of the
State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record and beneficial ownership
of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#8217;s directors. The complaint alleged
that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas
in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties to Straight Path in connection with
the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#8217;s
obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal Communications Commission (&#8220;FCC&#8221;), as well as the sale
of Straight Path&#8217;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc. to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated
with a similar action that was initiated by The Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the
action may be maintained as a class action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term
sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications
Inc. for their shares of Straight Path&#8217;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company
to disgorge any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial
was held in August and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery
of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#8217; allegations, the
class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#8217;s results of operations, cash flows
or financial condition.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Sales
Tax Contingency</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#8217;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#8217;s business, financial position, and operating results.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Regulatory
Fees Audit</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
The Company&#8217;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reports its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#8220;USAC&#8221;). The USAC&#8217;s final decision imposed a $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zDr5KAs0puj3" title="Final decision imposed">2.9</span> million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications
Relay Service (&#8220;TRS&#8221;) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC&#8217;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit
payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes
to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company&#8217;s
accrued expenses included $<span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zVoSpf5aeqrc" title="Accrued liabilities">23.4</span> million and $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_zGZ88rqUGRAh" title="Accrued liabilities">26.8</span> million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the
audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Purchase
Commitments</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At
January 31, 2024, the Company had purchase commitments of $<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zMGuaoGEGvI" title="Purchase obligation">17.6</span> million primarily for equipment and services.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Performance
Bonds</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#8217;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At January 31, 2024, the Company had aggregate
performance bonds of $<span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_ztaFLG3Tr6k9" title="Performance bonds outstanding">29.0</span> million outstanding.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for commitments and contingencies.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770541904">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Income (Expense), Net<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock', window );">Other Income (Expense), Net</a></td>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p id="xdx_8AF_zNIJOYI0iVW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for other income or other expense items (both operating and nonoperating). Sources of nonoperating income or nonoperating expense that may be disclosed, include amounts earned from dividends, interest on securities, profits (losses) on securities, net and miscellaneous other income or income deductions.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 610<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//610/tableOfContent<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 720<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//720/tableOfContent<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769735056">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769735056">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingChangesAndErrorCorrectionsAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesTextBlock', window );">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</a></td>
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19&#8212;<span id="xdx_828_zzzrmMKbk1b9">Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted</span></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#8220;FASB&#8221;)
issued ASU No. 2023-09, <i>Income Taxes (Topic 740)</i>, <i>Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures</i>, primarily related to the rate
reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required
on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate
their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments
in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact
that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, <i>Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic
350-60)</i>, <i>Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets</i>, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment
model to fair value, with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including,
among other things, the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity
including additions, dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning
on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company
is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, <i>Segment Reporting (Topic 280)</i>, <i>Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
</i>to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#8217;s expenses.
The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly
provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#8220;CODM&#8221;) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss,
other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures
of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition
of a segment, the method for determining segments, the criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current
specifically enumerated segment expenses that are required to be disclosed. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its
fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2024 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is evaluating the impact
that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, <i>Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)</i>, <i>Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,</i> that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The Company will adopt
the amendments in this ASU prospectively on August 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The entire disclosure for change in accounting principle. Includes, but is not limited to, nature, reason, and method of adopting amendment to accounting standards or other change in accounting principle.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770227552">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of Presentation (Policies)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountingPoliciesAbstract', window );"><strong>Accounting Policies [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription', window );">Reclassifications</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zgciuZdZZg5g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_864_z5TTKQNETRra">Reclassifications</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and
&#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense and is reporting gross profit (in accordance with U.S. GAAP) in the
consolidated statements of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated
statements of income. Depreciation and amortization expense of $<span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zJKDP31zLlT1" title="Depreciation and amortization">5.0</span>
million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation as follows:
$<span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zBxaaTxPqiQ4" title="Depreciation and amortization">1.1</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and $<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z4tsMwN1W6yk" title="Depreciation and amortization">3.9</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense, and depreciation and amortization expense of
$<span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zKa5bk098037" title="Depreciation and amortization">9.8</span>
million in the six months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation as follows:
$<span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zUlp3o3IqD1h" title="Depreciation and amortization">2.1</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Direct cost of revenues&#8221; and $<span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z0fhjsS6dL49" title="Depreciation and amortization">7.7</span>
million was reclassified to &#8220;Selling, general and administrative&#8221; expense.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash provided by &#8220;Trade accounts receivable&#8221; in the six months ended January 31,
2023 of $<span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_z7O81wh6ICu4" title="Trade accounts receivable">13.8</span> million was reclassified to &#8220;Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets,
and other assets&#8221; to conform to the current year&#8217;s presentation.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock', window );">Recently Adopted Accounting Standard</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zBYZwNmMGGCl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i><span id="xdx_86A_zy1C3fY1Vpc1">Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard</span></i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (&#8220;ASU&#8221;) No. 2016-13, <i>Financial Instruments&#8212;Credit
Losses (Topic 326)</i>, <i>Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,</i> that changed the impairment model for most financial
assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, entities are required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss
model to determine its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining the allowance
for credit losses for its trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based
on past experience, taking into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company
also considers future economic trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks will be assessed
based on historical write-offs, net of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally
increasing as the receivable ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist,
such as pending bankruptcies. Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not
be recovered. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the concept of &#8220;other-than-temporary&#8221; impairment
was replaced by a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#8220;Other income (expense), net&#8221;
in the consolidated statements of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#8220;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#8221; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#8217;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy pertaining to new accounting pronouncements that may impact the entity's financial reporting. Includes, but is not limited to, quantification of the expected or actual impact.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disclosure of accounting policy for reclassification affecting comparability of financial statement. Excludes amendment to accounting standards, other change in accounting principle, and correction of error.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 205<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483504/205-10-50-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770439616">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zKoCd27sIUhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Operating
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BB_zFpwv2wKKeee" style="display: none">Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments</span></p>

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    <td><b>Three Months Ended January 31, 2024</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_431_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqK3vPflYDr" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_z5xfCXu5aCQ4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyvp1FoYYgGi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43A_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z7jjZGP6X3uj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z2jZwHcj8Ei4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRQhfosCTH2e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_439_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zLpQ6URp7G75" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(806</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">17,008</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43A_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zWWDzOONXex6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_434_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z0ReqZJ3xcal" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">21</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zoQpKzP0C6l6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">637</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">855</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">2,160</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">18</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">3,907</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">Six Months Ended January 31, 2024</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDRI4e3mfpY8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzKEsdSVHqJf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">360</td><td style="text-align: left"></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">30,024</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(5,891</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">33,183</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyaHO1PaGaF5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Depreciation and amortization:</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zEchxcujXV6l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">85</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,199</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">369</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_ziMZ8GsLYUJl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the profit or loss and total assets for each reportable segment. An entity discloses certain information on each reportable segment if the amounts (a) are included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the chief operating decision maker or (b) are otherwise regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, even if not included in that measure of segment profit or loss.</p></div>
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</table>


<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDUhlebawVC9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
following table shows the Company&#8217;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:
</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_zW3r3SdSsjh6" style="display: none">Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zd7F6dt6IlLf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_431_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zcvqI5KdB6Y6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNn4GwXD1rG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,086</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,653</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_432_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z6XZ9vD4ShLe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">27,987</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">20,353</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">222,535</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_434_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zysWN6il7im6" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">25,223</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">27,987</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">20,353</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">222,535</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">296,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zKo3sJ0G4R2b" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_ziZmGwIPvrli" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Traditional Communications</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>Three Months Ended January 31, 2023</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_437_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zdpyzEj72na2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">19,612</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">9,514</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">176,424</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">225,372</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zOQEzDbXeOkd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1177">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1178">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1179">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">69,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">69,000</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_438_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zatKmczRKuXa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1183">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">709</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,280</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10,575</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">19,564</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_430_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zgwBs0WyVQM3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1189">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">709</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,280</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">79,575</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">88,564</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_43C_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zWpenZv3Yxxi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_43F_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zMY3ll8CdLC3" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>Six Months Ended January 31, 2024</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zYmys4HBCU8i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 35%; text-align: left">United States</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zbQTLTLmp2kh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">United Kingdom</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1213">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">109,232</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">109,232</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zE6ZOZrmRXDd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18,892</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">17,181</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">37,889</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zEj3Ra0RJF85" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total outside the United States</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1225">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,816</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18,892</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">126,413</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">147,121</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zR0NIvQR4Irb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">49,217</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">54,550</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">40,280</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">453,255</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">597,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0Njrcot081b" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Revenues</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">49,217</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">54,550</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">40,280</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">453,255</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">597,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zVQRiGWBioaf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">National Retail Solutions</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zZHE88EkRUvg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Fintech</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zmYrCkhaZXhf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">net2phone</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zx0dOioAotQb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Traditional Communications</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>Six Months Ended January 31, 2023</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zeVSSqHyb5xi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 35%; text-align: left">United States</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">39,135</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">38,867</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">18,316</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">361,262</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">457,580</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Outside the United States:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zID2o6g0WpMa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_433_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zBukiIsqSWs8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_431_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zIQMOaRySi92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZDlrNJfQ5Lk" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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</table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zyZynuk7Zcy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B5_zmZe0R5Rk6kl" style="display: none">Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zgelRYsXfRDe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zJI5RUZ5eyRg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_ztXAmoSfbEJj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-01-31_z6SgJRxvWvd3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_zFpl4HVepJ89" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table presents information about the Company&#8217;s contract liability balance:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BE_zpkNH9TmhZxg" style="display: none">Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20231101__20240131_z0qy7ziHAht7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</a></td>
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Company&#8217;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BF_zZrva8PgggFg" style="display: none">Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,871</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zUhbNxHkMYG9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zGbEpFQikioe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B9_zjMNslriWMie" style="display: none">Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs</span></p>

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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240131_zE4fy0xukX1c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<span></span>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortization Of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs [Table Text Block]</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of cost capitalized in obtaining or fulfilling contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of receivable, contract asset, and contract liability from contract with customer. Includes, but is not limited to, change in contract asset and contract liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of revenue from external customers by geographic areas attributed to the entity's country of domicile and to foreign countries from which the entity derives revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 41<br> -Subparagraph a<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 280<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of expected timing for satisfying remaining performance obligation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552774459344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCostTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zJ8khxrPqJ23" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#8217;s operating leases were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B5_zREQSY14C7Kg" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases</span></p>

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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Total lease cost</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">866</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Operating cash flows from operating leases</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">724</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Cash paid for amounts included
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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_z4z31RgtXsPf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B0_zsiLXyg7STP1" style="display: none">Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_890_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zGKsqsEfDPO9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company&#8217;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8BC_zGCZW1f8YP09" style="display: none">Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability</span></p>

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<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zqR9AHxxqDMh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Future
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span><span id="xdx_8B1_zSORGLoXzmRf" style="display: none">Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities</span></p>

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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of lessee's lease cost. Includes, but is not limited to, interest expense for finance lease, amortization of right-of-use asset for finance lease, operating lease cost, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income.</p></div>
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552774459344">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit*</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5zsllvIvpEb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">31,186</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJ6gTSF74228" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1485">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0xdwb8lbuGb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zrKDWFb4KQZ2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">3,881</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zxnkoRUNEGAh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">3,873</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVR5kpMkQZjh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">3,912</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zutqnFZ8htoi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1501">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYpRyx4fTxY1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(485</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zGXBhyVnASc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">3,427</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zwXwiBwwZU1a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost">43,059</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIyf6a0ZUMtj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1509">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zl5Ui1CPWjy" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax">(645</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zJydKqTjkMz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale">42,414</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;
</span></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_F0D_zlR6eEPiUBhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F13_zq3DLJ18GP8e" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</span></td></tr>
</table>


<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zmn4eE5A05v3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
contractual maturities of the Company&#8217;s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2024 were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B9_z3x2XOmstprf" style="display: none">Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240131_zL1QsLE2umUj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(in thousands)</b></span></td><td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zyHIpBWXhC5f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Within one year</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 20%; text-align: right">23,087</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zfq38sRlTgWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">After one year through five years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">7,496</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_ztgu87K5ropk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">After five years through ten years</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">808</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_z93UKn3krlH5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">After ten years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">28</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zKTH3XHYWCu1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">31,419</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zvecwng99B2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zqix8cCZSsl8" style="display: none">Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Unrealized Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>January 31, 2024:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zD5nDFkyDS06" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1538">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zCgBmbF7tyJ5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540">&#8212;</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zwCFPXAeQpwh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">76</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5H2P3rJ00U1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">21,754</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zA4h2Cte10r2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">3</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zapKeFYjk0e1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">2,910</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zbXhBVhlxZB8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">376</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zKxGeIto0DB7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">3,384</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zKQB228zR9ha" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">455</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSmojKOYkL09" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">28,048</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>July 31, 2023:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zM2e1ZLdwBG3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">4</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zI4jNMOycrH3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">3,356</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zX7XhAwTmBH1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">148</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zxGFujR3YBJd" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Government sponsored enterprise notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNgXoIN47zui" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">8</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zJmY6r1lx6tb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">3,873</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zeB9rXFCEMYg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">485</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVLhkheY0e2c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">3,368</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zftZvel5ke92" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss">645</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zTiGRVlXGwIh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position">41,635</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_896_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_zCJEbFMiFRc9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8BD_z0QZZhnaFmF2" style="display: none">Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Unrealized Losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>January 31, 2024:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zeCB6XyZ9cWh" style="width: 14%; text-align: right">63</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn1O57DZiUK2" style="width: 14%; text-align: right">2,837</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z69QmM3Vu0Fi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">376</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfBOvXuJGnkc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,384</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSUoJvwxdRBe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">439</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zHw4NVtzBXph" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,221</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td><b>July 31, 2023:</b></td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">U.S. Treasury bills and notes</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zq5OGjF6KVG1" style="text-align: right">86</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zyP46hOJLtll" style="text-align: right">816</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Corporate bonds</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znOsba4Q9j1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">484</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ztM8fbTIJ40c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,299</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z58Q8qbupIvk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">570</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zjCtEVD8dVcb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">4,115</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479081/326-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-4<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of marketable securities. This may consist of investments in certain debt and equity securities, short-term investments and other assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765434976">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">5,076</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zlHDxCEODoc2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zuN4KxqhKwcj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#8217;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><span id="xdx_8BD_z3V3W4RfRib6" style="display: none">Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_z408mkDqlxoh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_zZus1iL0V0Oe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zTAqKHflOfdd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1649">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zOlDOLFkET3h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>Redemption</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(230</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(230</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1654">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z4T7oWdwBCk9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Impairments</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1656">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1657">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1658">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1659">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zMrQhUgDn8g3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zQSOGmCID7dc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair
value included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B0_zJPbwG8eenm7" style="display: none">Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20231101__20240131_zXjAHt0mErB8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20221101__20230131_zLh4gDKOJxq" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230801__20240131_z6mwGxvqAnm1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220801__20230131_zxf0ymjgI937" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zPC9AWsCEw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zWGpIbddOJva" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">18</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zqIT1G639A88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">715</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(250</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(332</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20231101__20240131_zI5FMAbEboGg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240131_zLfDm9khwr2g" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zXFeShIic3q3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract_iB_pn3n3_zHGLp3znQsM9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zhOtQr1wWbz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="width: 36%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Rafael Class B common stock</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right">9</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right">82</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right">(53</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right">9</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_z9Tkf1aQrx4k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Zedge Class B common stock</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">57</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">49</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(24</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zw2colt9Tk89" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">715</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(250</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(332</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">(2,187</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
</table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock', window );">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zzDgfiNmelPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s equity method investment:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B3_zxhP2B6JcHr5" style="display: none">Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z7UL09JMA105" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_znVVfOA9gMBi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230801__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zGEnTCntUJFf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zvMiFuA7RiPb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 36%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 12%; text-align: right">1,001</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_zXUlYHzZ6Oge" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">336</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">1,009</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1725">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zFaW1FDiG3pi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Equity in the net loss of investee</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(506</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(542</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">(1,176</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock', window );">Summary of Statements of Operations</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zRmMJmqFMA8a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B6_zFt4TnDfeBK1" style="display: none">Summary of Statements of Operations</span></span></p>

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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552774367376">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6CqidrNjvug" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1825">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zE4IFOOUSPGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,572</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zfRohAY7DsT9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1833">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z63FJUEJd184" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,517</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1p05SBkynkc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,517</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font-weight: bold">July 31, 2023</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zL71U1F1Dm9a" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">31,038</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zcKgoNisuanl" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">11,376</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z5peHavt5iyj" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1843">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zlGKWjPYnaI1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities">42,414</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="text-align: left">Equity investments included in current assets</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcpwfqRIhyDk" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">6,198</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zvwSLshzWj12" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1849">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_987_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z8w8hPsfEa5j" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z25u7esSuOyi" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets">6,198</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkZVZ8saFVIa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1855">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6O5UK8f9nWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">2,500</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGq3wLD9nAd5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zylH9MYjwdT8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets">3,763</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBx96jWPbld4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total">37,236</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuHiqBRjCbQg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total">13,876</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgLAaS7tvs28" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total">1,263</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1OFSRifQC61" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total">52,375</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="text-align: left">Acquisition consideration included in:</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Other current liabilities</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWG64daOnRg1" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1871">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zv6wluUjzPGi" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1873">&#8212;</span></td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_ziStAPwX8Pbb" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(2,032</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zsUSVdk2vVMa" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities">(2,032</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other noncurrent liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx25VkDuRxd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities">(2,773</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zG5WMXaBWCw5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1889">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zLsTN6ZG0INl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zisCbmVZgQCc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities">(4,805</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F07_zprwJ39Tojg2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span id="xdx_F12_znq5wOE4T4Bg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F0B_zoRBPVRHTDKf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td id="xdx_F15_zXSizszRkzB" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</span></td>
</tr></table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"><span id="xdx_F06_z8dIU8MW9Qd7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="width: 5pt"></td><td id="xdx_F13_zHNwBfOIbCrl" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</span></td>
</tr></table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zTBusqvuVbwg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B8_zp6Ng28qGWae" style="display: none">Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20231101__20240131_zAzeJMH7RHak" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20221101__20230131_zgIn3I40nmz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240131_zx5LsI1Lc7fg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230131_zhvKhth19LEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 40%">Balance, beginning of period</td><td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">1,105</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zMBokHnwWgAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">120</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance, end of period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,225</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1,225</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_z4FHmMT0uJs6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1917">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1918">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1919">&#8212;</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zwImc8wDQe1h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#8217;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B4_zKYEkLkFMaH2" style="display: none">Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)</span></span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%">
  <tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20231101__20240131_z0dnvukhKo5j" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the fair value measurement of liabilities using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances, separately presenting changes attributable to the following: (1) total gains or losses for the period (realized and unrealized), segregating those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets), and gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) and a description of where those gains or losses included in earnings (or changes in net assets) are reported in the statement of income (or activities); (2) purchases, sales, issues, and settlements (each type disclosed separately); and (3) transfers in and transfers out of Level 3 (for example, transfers due to changes in the observability of significant inputs) by class of liability.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of assets and liabilities, including [financial] instruments measured at fair value that are classified in stockholders' equity, if any, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The disclosures contemplated herein include the fair value measurements at the reporting date by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements in their entirety fall, segregating fair value measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1), significant other observable inputs (Level 2), and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765486608">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Variable Interest Entity (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Net (Loss) Income and Aggregate Funding to the Company by VIE</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_891_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_z84HkGSCen2i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The VIE&#8217;s net (loss) income and aggregate funding provided by
(repaid to) the Company were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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of Net (Loss) Income and Aggregate Funding to the Company by VIE</span></span></p>

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<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock', window );">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</a></td>
<td class="text"><p id="xdx_895_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_z5MZj5UUlh45" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
VIE&#8217;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_8B1_zkvY3vZMTbg5" style="display: none">VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet</span></span></p>

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    <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Total assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770239200">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770263424">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of redeemable noncontrolling interest (as defined) included in the statement of financial position as either a liability or temporary equity. As of the date of the statement of financial position, such redeemable noncontrolling interest is currently redeemable, as defined, for cash or other assets of the entity at (1) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder of the noncontrolling interest, or (3) upon occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770177104">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Earnings Per Share (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the effect of income (loss) on an entity's diluted earnings per share.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770357728">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityAbstract', window );"><strong>Equity:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</a></td>
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The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_8B5_zSfZJxsyUSR6" style="display: none">Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160; </span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Unrealized</p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Loss on</p>
                                                                                <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Available-for-Sale Securities</p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Foreign<br/>
 Currency<br/>
 Translation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Accumulated<br/>
 Other<br/>
 Comprehensive<br/>
 Loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">(in thousands)</td><td style="font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="width: 55%">Balance, July 31, 2023</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zcbqIsIzex3k" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(645</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zPBtqIOjnw4e" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">(16,547</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zGGBNmUVq7T7" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">(17,192</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z8Vp6LMbjhV8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">204</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zHhI3XPhyWI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">(288</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zKSi3xbM7gY3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax">(84</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Balance, January 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z0cCrfIl6R71" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(441</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zQfMhZ4U4ZY1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(16,835</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zRSmLZUCrAu9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance">(17,276</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770388880">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Income (Expense), Net (Tables)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th></tr>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock', window );">Schedule of Other Income (Expense), Net</a></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td><td>&#160;</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Tabular disclosure of the components of non-operating income or non-operating expense that may include amounts earned from dividends, interest on securities, gains (losses) on securities sold, equity earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net gain (loss) on sales of business, interest expense and other miscellaneous income or expense items.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<head>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764194272">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 5,000<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 10,146<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 9,801<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Trade accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,040<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,483)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember', window );">Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,330<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,586<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,139<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember', window );">Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,662<span></span>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable', window );">Trade accounts receivable</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,800<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,100<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember', window );">Previously Reported [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 7,700<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember', window );">net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">94.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">94.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">90.80%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Ownership percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">81.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">81.20%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent', window );">Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">78.90%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in amount due within one year (or one business cycle) from customers for the credit sale of goods and services.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The parent entity's interest in net assets of the subsidiary, expressed as a percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RestatementAxis=srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_OwnershipAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>53
<FILENAME>R43.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764044848">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 296,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 313,936<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 597,302<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 635,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">16,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,407<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,146<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,801<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=IDT_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember', window );">Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,330<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,586<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,139<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember', window );">Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,769<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,907<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,560<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,662<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,217<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,135<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,374<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,605<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">483<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">357<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">933<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">676<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">294<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">579<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">395<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,208<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(736)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(806)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,120)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">706<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">62<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">85<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">45<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">662<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,333<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,235<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,744<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">367<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(575)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">360<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,631)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">600<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">536<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,199<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,034<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">952<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">855<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,792<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,709<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">222,535<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">255,999<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">453,255<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">521,665<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="nump">14,618<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,008<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,271<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">185<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">191<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">369<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">384<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,844<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,160<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,807<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,287<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateMember', window );">Corporate Segment [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Income (loss) from operations</a></td>
<td class="num">(3,581)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,820)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,891)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(5,544)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateMember', window );">Corporate Segment [Member] | Direct Cost of Revenues [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=us-gaap_CorporateMember', window );">Corporate Segment [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract', window );"><strong>Depreciation and amortization:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization', window );">Total depreciation and amortization</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 17<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 18<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 36<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 360<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingInformationLineItems</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765610096">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Business Segment Information (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr><th class="th">
<div>Jan. 31, 2024 </div>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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</tr>
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<td class="nump">4<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of segments reported by the entity. A reportable segment is a component of an entity for which there is an accounting requirement to report separate financial information on that component in the entity's financial statements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 18<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-18<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NumberOfReportableSegments</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SegmentReportingAbstract</td>
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<html>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552763789456">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 296,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 313,936<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 597,302<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 635,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,217<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,135<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,208<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | B O S S Revolution Money Transfer [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,039<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,649<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,278<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">35,203<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member] | Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,948<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,672<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,272<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">5,005<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,744<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">222,535<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">255,999<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">453,255<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">521,665<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | Other [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,471<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,410<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">14,949<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,163<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | I D T Digital Payments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">99,620<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">106,127<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">199,606<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">215,177<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | B O S S Revolution Calling [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
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<td class="nump">66,703<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">82,831<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,925<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">169,083<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member] | I D T Global [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 48,741<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 58,631<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,775<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 120,242<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTGlobalMember</td>
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<td></td>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>56
<FILENAME>R46.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552758748288">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 296,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 313,936<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 597,302<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 635,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,217<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,135<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,987<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">20,321<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">54,550<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,208<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">20,353<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,794<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">34,744<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember', window );">Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">222,535<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">255,999<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">453,255<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">521,665<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">226,598<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">225,372<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">450,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">457,580<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,223<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,822<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">49,217<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">39,135<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">26,901<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,612<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52,734<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,867<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">10,700<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,514<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,388<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,316<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US', window );">UNITED STATES | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">163,774<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">176,424<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">326,842<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">361,262<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">109,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,940<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB', window );">UNITED KINGDOM | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">50,390<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">69,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">109,232<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">137,940<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">19,110<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19,564<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,889<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">40,232<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,086<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">709<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,816<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,341<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,653<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,428<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember', window );">Others [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,371<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,463<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">69,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">88,564<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">147,121<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">178,172<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,086<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">709<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,816<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,341<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | net2 phone [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,653<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,280<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,892<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,428<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember', window );">Non-US [Member] | Traditional Communications [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems', window );"><strong>Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 58,761<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 79,575<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 126,413<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 160,403<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DisaggregationOfRevenueLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Revenues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_US</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=country_GB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=IDT_OthersMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_StatementGeographicalAxis=us-gaap_NonUsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769532640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment (Details)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Jan. 31, 2024 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-01-31', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-31</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 79,510<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-08-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 44,750<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2026-08-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,709<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2027-08-01', window );">Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 11,051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1', window );">Remaining Performance Obligations, Years</a></td>
<td class="text">0 years<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-31</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,674<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,896<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,940<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember', window );">National Retail Solutions [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,838<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-31</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">63,836<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,854<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">18,769<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember', window );">net2 phone [Member] | Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2027-08-01</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems', window );"><strong>Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,213<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligation that has not been recognized as revenue.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Period in which remaining performance obligation is expected to be recognized as revenue, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 606<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-01-31">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2024-01-31</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-08-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2025-08-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2026-08-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2026-08-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2027-08-01">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis=2027-08-01</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis=IDT_Net2phoneMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766448624">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized', window );">Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,803<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17,072<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 19,605<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 21,205<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized that was previously included in balance of obligation to transfer good or service to customer for which consideration from customer has been received or is due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 606<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>59
<FILENAME>R49.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552758305344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent', window );">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other current assets&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,197<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,460<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent', window );">Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#8220;Other assets&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,871<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,734<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,068<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,194<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer; classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, of asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer; classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>60
<FILENAME>R50.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766354112">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract', window );"><strong>Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization', window );">Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,194<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,228<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,409<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,405<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of amortization expense for asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479483/340-40-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CapitalizedContractCostAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>61
<FILENAME>R51.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764669568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost', window );">Operating lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 734<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 799<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,492<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,566<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost', window );">Short-term lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">132<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">259<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">459<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">528<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost', window );">Total lease cost</a></td>
<td class="nump">866<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,058<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,951<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,094<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments', window );">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 724<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 824<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,515<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,588<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lease cost recognized by lessee for lease contract.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LeaseCost</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of single lease cost, calculated by allocation of remaining cost of lease over remaining lease term. Includes, but is not limited to, single lease cost, after impairment of right-of-use asset, calculated by amortization of remaining right-of-use asset and accretion of lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseCost</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow from operating lease, excluding payments to bring another asset to condition and location necessary for its intended use.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-5<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeasePayments</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of short-term lease cost, excluding expense for lease with term of one month or less.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShortTermLeaseCost</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770200512">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases (Details)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1', window );">Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term</a></td>
<td class="text">2 years 7 months 6 days<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">2 years 3 months 18 days<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent', window );">Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent</a></td>
<td class="nump">4.30%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3.70%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average discount rate for operating lease calculated at point in time.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(4)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Weighted average remaining lease term for operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1</td>
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<html>
<head>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552774404496">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities included in &#8220;Other current liabilities&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,861<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList', window );">Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Other current liabilities<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other current liabilities<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,448<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,742<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td>instant</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement of financial position that includes current operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>enum2:enumerationSetItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease, classified as noncurrent.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764633744">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract', window );"><strong>Leases</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths', window );">2025</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,988<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo', window );">2026</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,344<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree', window );">2027</a></td>
<td class="nump">636<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour', window );">2028</a></td>
<td class="nump">320<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive', window );">2029</a></td>
<td class="nump">183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive', window );">Thereafter</a></td>
<td class="nump">152<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue', window );">Total lease payments</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,623<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount', window );">Less imputed interest</a></td>
<td class="num">(365)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Total operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,258<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,742<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payment for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due after fifth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in fifth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in fourth rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in third rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in second rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease, due in next rolling twelve months following latest statement of financial position date. For interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported on a rolling approach, from latest statement of financial position date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of lessee's undiscounted obligation for lease payments in excess of discounted obligation for lease payments for operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-6<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Present value of lessee's discounted obligation for lease payments from operating lease.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479041/842-20-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766363776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability', window );">Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1.7<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember', window );">Minimum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">1 year<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember', window );">Maximum [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract', window );">Lessee, operating lease, term of contract</a></td>
<td class="text">6 years<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Term of lessee's operating lease, in 'PnYnMnDTnHnMnS' format, for example, 'P1Y5M13D' represents reported fact of one year, five months, and thirteen days.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:durationItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase in right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for operating lease liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 53<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479589/842-20-55-53<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 842<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147478964/842-20-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MinimumMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_RangeAxis=srt_MaximumMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765548096">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 141,081<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,637<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">93,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">95,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents', window );">Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 234,312<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 198,823<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 207,678<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 189,562<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 24<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-24<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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</body>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766414064">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 93,231<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 95,186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</a></td>
<td class="nump">141,081<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">103,637<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember', window );">IDT Financial Services Limited [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current</a></td>
<td class="nump">88,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">87,300<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember', window );">IDT Payment Services [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 39,800<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 20,600<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_IDTPaymentServicesMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>68
<FILENAME>R58.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766527216">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,860<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 43,059<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">14<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(455)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(645)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">31,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember', window );">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,080<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">960<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,076<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">23,738<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,186<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(76)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(148)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">23,674<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,038<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember', window );">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,261<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,881<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(3)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(8)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,259<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,873<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">3,901<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,912<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(376)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(485)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,526<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,427<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Each of the Company&#8217;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized gain in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortized cost of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<head>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765413344">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue', window );">Within one year</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 23,087<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue', window );">After one year through five years</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,496<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue', window );">After five years through ten years</a></td>
<td class="nump">808<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue', window );">After ten years</a></td>
<td class="nump">28<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in sixth through tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480832/942-320-50-3A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in second through fifth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3A<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480832/942-320-50-3A<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing after tenth fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), with single maturity date and allocated without single maturity date, maturing in next fiscal year following current fiscal year. Excludes interim and annual periods when interim periods are reported from current statement of financial position date (rolling approach).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766890272">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 455<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 645<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">28,048<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">41,635<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember', window );">Certificates of Deposit [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,356<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">76<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">148<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,038<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember', window );">US Government-sponsored Enterprises Debt Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,910<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,873<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">376<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">485<span></span>
</td>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,368<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position without allowance for credit loss.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479081/326-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-4<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in unrealized loss position, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-4<br></p></div>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552775917168">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 439<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 570<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">6,221<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,115<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember', window );">US Treasury Bill Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">63<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">86<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,837<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">816<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember', window );">Corporate Bond Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss</a></td>
<td class="nump">376<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">484<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger', window );">Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,384<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,299<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479081/326-30-55-8<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger</td>
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<td>debit</td>
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<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of accumulated unrealized loss on investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale), in continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer, without allowance for credit loss. Includes beneficial interest in securitized financial asset.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/otherTransitionRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 7<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-7<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479106/326-30-50-5<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis=us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770166448">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Debt Securities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsDebtAndEquitySecuritiesAbstract', window );"><strong>Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities', window );">Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 14.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 16.1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 31.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 27.5<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from sale, maturity, prepayment and call of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764027904">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,558<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9,874<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember', window );">Other Marketable Equity Securities [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">188<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,497<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember', window );">Mutual Fund [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,245<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,054<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,932<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,784<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember', window );">Hedge Funds [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,951<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,002<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember', window );">Other Investments [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,825<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Zedge Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">138<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">89<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi', window );">Current equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">505<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">558<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] | Visa Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LongTermInvestments', window );">Noncurrent equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI), classified as current.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482736/825-10-45-1A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount of investments that are intended to be held for an extended period of time (longer than one operating cycle).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LongTermInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=IDT_OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_MutualFundMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_ConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_HedgeFundsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentTypeAxis=us-gaap_OtherInvestmentsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_VisaIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_VisaIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769541520">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Equity Investments (Details) (Parenthetical) - Common Class B [Member] - shares<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Zedge Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived', window );">Number of related party shares received</a></td>
<td class="nump">42,282<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,282<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Rafael Holdings Inc [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived', window );">Number of related party shares received</a></td>
<td class="nump">278,810<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">278,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of related party shares received.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_ZedgeIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RafaelHoldingsIncMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>75
<FILENAME>R65.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552761349664">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract', window );"><strong>Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,747<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,474<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,632<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,501<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer', window );">Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer</a></td>
<td class="nump">202<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">187<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount', window );">Upward adjustment</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount', window );">Redemption</a></td>
<td class="num">(230)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(230)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount', window );">Impairments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount', window );">Balance, end of the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,719<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,594<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,719<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,594<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity securities without readily determinable fair value redemptions amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of impairment loss on investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain from upward price adjustment on investment in equity security without readily determinable fair value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>76
<FILENAME>R66.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552763907104">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss', window );">Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 715<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (228)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (202)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,169)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed', window );">Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">130<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="nump">715<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(250)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(332)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,187)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Rafael Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="nump">9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">82<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(53)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Zedge Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 57<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 49<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (24)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of recognized unrealized gain (loss) net on equity securities redeemed (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized and realized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) on investment in equity security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in net income (FV-NI).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(3)(d)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 321<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479536/321-10-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_RafaelClassBCommonStockMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=IDT_ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764001632">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in the net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (723)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,861)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,375)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,444<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,784<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">336<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in the net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">(506)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(542)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,176)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,012)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference', window );">Amortization of equity method basis difference</a></td>
<td class="num">(342)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(181)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(685)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(363)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments', window );">Balance, end of the period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,932<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (374)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,932<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (374)<span></span>
</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amortization of equity method basis difference.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This item represents the carrying amount on the entity's balance sheet of its investment in common stock of an equity method investee. This is not an indicator of the fair value of the investment, rather it is the initial cost adjusted for the entity's share of earnings and losses of the investee, adjusted for any distributions (dividends) and other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses recognized.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-25<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestments</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552763978320">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Summary of Statements of Operations (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 296,098<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 313,936<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 597,302<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 635,752<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">80,743<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,060<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">157,965<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">141,679<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">81,382<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">72,256<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">158,644<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">141,175<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">16,017<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">18,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33,183<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,407<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other expense, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,534<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,613<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,053)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,229)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">15,754<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">15,309<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">24,230<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27,864<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_EquityMethodInvesteeMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems', window );"><strong>Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Revenues', window );">Revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,087<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,818<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,821<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,691<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization', window );">Direct cost of revenues</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">4,085<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,535<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,482<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,228<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense', window );">Selling, general and administrative</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,385<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,772<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,570<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,408<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses', window );">Total costs and expenses</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">6,470<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,307<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,052<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,636<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss', window );">Loss from operations</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(1,383)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,489)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(3,231)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,945)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Other expense, net</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(498)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(842)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss', window );">Net loss</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (1,383)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,987)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,231)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,787)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and
administrative expenses</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cost of product sold and service rendered, excluding depreciation, depletion, and amortization.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2)(a))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(2)(d))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 220<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanDisclosureLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingExpenses">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingExpenses</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 31<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProfitLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The consolidated profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, including the portion attributable to the noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: 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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProfitLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Revenues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate total costs related to selling a firm's product and services, as well as all other general and administrative expenses. Direct selling expenses (for example, credit, warranty, and advertising) are expenses that can be directly linked to the sale of specific products. Indirect selling expenses are expenses that cannot be directly linked to the sale of specific products, for example telephone expenses, Internet, and postal charges. General and administrative expenses include salaries of non-sales personnel, rent, utilities, communication, etc.</p></div>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552758458592">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity Investments (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="3">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 29, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (230)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (230)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity', window );">Equity method investment, aggregate cost</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment', window );">Equity method investment, description</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,009<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember', window );">Equity Method Investee [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage', window );">Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.40%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">33.30%<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember', window );">EMI Preferred Stock [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Purchase of convertible preferred stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 300<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RegalBancorpMember', window );">Regal Ban corp [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount', window );">Cash</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity securities without readily determinable fair value redemptions amount.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Difference between amount at which an investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting is carried (reported) on the balance sheet and amount of underlying equity in net assets the reporting Entity has in the investee.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the accounting treatment for the difference between the amount at which an investment accounted for under the equity method of accounting is reported on the balance sheet and the amount of underlying equity in net assets the reporting entity has in the investee.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The percentage of ownership of common stock or equity participation in the investee accounted for under the equity method of accounting.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The cash outflow associated with the purchase of or advances to an equity method investments, which are investments in joint ventures and entities in which the entity has an equity ownership interest normally of 20 to 50 percent and exercises significant influence.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EquityMethodInvestmentMember</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis=IDT_EMIPreferredStockMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_RegalBancorpMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
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<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764509488">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 31,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember', window );">Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">31,419<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">42,414<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">2,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,763<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">38,945<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">52,375<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(1,945)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,032)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,572)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,773)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="num">(4,517)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(4,805)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">23,674<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">31,038<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">5,076<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">28,750<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">37,236<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">7,745<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,376<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">8,745<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,876<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[2]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member', window );">Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems', window );"><strong>Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities', window );">Debt securities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset', window );">Equity investments included in current assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets', window );">Equity investments included in noncurrent assets</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure', window );">Total</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="nump">1,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(1,945)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,032)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="num">(2,572)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,773)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities', window );">Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[3]</sup></td>
<td class="num">$ (4,517)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,805)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%">
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">&#8211; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[2]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities</span></td>
</tr>
<tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[3]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#8211; no observable
pricing inputs in the market</span></td>
</tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Contingent consideration included in other liabilities.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity investments included in current assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity investments included in noncurrent assets.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (aa)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 320<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481830/320-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(6))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 326<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479130/326-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized arising from contingent consideration in a business combination, expected to be settled within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479668/805-30-25-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph b<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479613/805-30-35-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liability recognized arising from contingent consideration in a business combination, expected to be settled beyond one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 25<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479668/805-30-25-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 35<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph b<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Topic 805<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479613/805-30-35-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringAndNonrecurringBasisLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value portion of investment securities, including, but not limited to, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments, and investments accounted for under the equity method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis=us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel1Member</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel2Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis=us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765473440">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,248<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,105<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,132<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1', window );">Total gains included in &#8220;Other income (expense), net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">202<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">187<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">93<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue', window );">Balance, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,225<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,450<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,225<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) recognized in income from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3) and still held.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial instrument classified as an asset measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 820<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>R72.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552761346304">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract', window );"><strong>Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue', window );">Balance, beginning of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,588<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,603<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,805<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 8,546<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements', window );">Payments</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(214)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(375)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings', window );">&#8220;Other operating (expense) gain, net&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (73)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (73)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,565)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList', window );">Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Other operating (expense) gain, net<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other operating (expense) gain, net<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other operating (expense) gain, net<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Other operating (expense) gain, net<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Other operating (expense) gain, net</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (294)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 17<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 816<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome', window );">&#8220;Foreign currency translation adjustment&#8221;</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList', window );">Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Liability, Gain (Loss), Statement of Other Comprehensive Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]</a></td>
<td class="text">Foreign currency translation adjustments<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Foreign currency translation adjustments<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Foreign currency translation adjustments<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">Foreign currency translation adjustments<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue', window );">Balance, end of period</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,609<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 4,517<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 6,609<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss', window );">Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of unrealized gain (loss) recognized in income from asset measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3) and still held.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) from liability measured at fair value on recurring basis using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of settlements of financial instrument classified as a liability measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fair value of financial instrument classified as a liability measured using unobservable inputs that reflect the entity's own assumption about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 820<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement in which net income is reported that includes gain (loss) from liability measured at fair value using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates line item in statement in which other comprehensive income (OCI) is reported that includes gain (loss) from liability measured at fair value using unobservable input (level 3).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552766438784">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Fair Value Measurements (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 3.0<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 3.0<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities', window );">Payment for contingent consideration</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.2<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.4<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Investment in hedge funds.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_InvestmentInHedgeFunds</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_FairValueDisclosuresAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow, made soon after acquisition date of business combination, to settle contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-13<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities</td>
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<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769541488">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Net (Loss) Income and Aggregate Funding to the Company by VIE (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract', window );"><strong>Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount', window );">Net (loss) income of the VIE</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (107)<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 25<span></span>
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<td class="num">$ (26)<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 165<span></span>
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<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity', window );">Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 123<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (10)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 237<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 87<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Variable interest entity aggregate funding repaid to provided by reporting entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Variable interest entity net income losst amount</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552758748688">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>VIE&#8217;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 141,081<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 103,637<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">37,392<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">32,092<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding', window );">Disbursement prefunding</a></td>
<td class="nump">27,749<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">30,113<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">23,523<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">16,638<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,905<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">28,394<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">38,713<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">38,655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">7,026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,196<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">521,778<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">21,514<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">22,231<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">107,181<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">110,796<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Settlement liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">15,789<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21,495<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Due to the Company</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,716<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,354<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,192)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">8,103<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">6,267<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">521,778<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">510,810<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue', window );">Cash and equivalents</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,394<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,596<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent', window );">Restricted cash</a></td>
<td class="nump">4,934<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,848<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent', window );">Trade accounts receivable, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">90<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">62<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding', window );">Disbursement prefunding</a></td>
<td class="nump">1,056<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">585<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent', window );">Prepaid expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">323<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">197<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent', window );">Other current assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">255<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">317<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet', window );">Property, plant, and equipment, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">166<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">272<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet', window );">Other intangibles, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">661<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">737<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_Assets', window );">Total assets</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,614<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent', window );">Trade accounts payable</a></td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Accrued expenses</a></td>
<td class="nump">334<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">70<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent', window );">Settlement liabilities</a></td>
<td class="nump">5,336<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">7,573<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated other comprehensive income</a></td>
<td class="nump">37<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">21<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest', window );">Noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">3,898<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3,924<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity', window );">Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests</a></td>
<td class="nump">9,879<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11,614<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember', window );">Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] | Related Party [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems', window );"><strong>Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent', window );">Due to the Company</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 26<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_DisbursementPrefunding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Disbursement prefunding.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_DisbursementPrefunding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccountsPayableCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.20)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_Assets">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (bb)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481203/810-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 810<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 25<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481231/810-10-45-25<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: 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Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 30<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30<br><br>Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 32<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32<br><br>Reference 26: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(11))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_Assets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ConsolidationLessThanWhollyOwnedSubsidiaryParentOwnershipInterestEffectsOfChangesNetLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities and equity items, including the portion of equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, if any.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(25))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(23))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(32))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to noncontrolling interest. Excludes temporary equity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 825<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (f)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(24))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-04(19))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479617/946-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1A<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1A<br><br>Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(i))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480097/470-10-S99-1B<br><br>Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(22))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 13: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.31)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of current assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherAssetsCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated amortization of finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIntangibleAssetsNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of liabilities classified as other, due after one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.24)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits within a future period of one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483467/210-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(7))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 05<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482955/340-10-05-5<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 340<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483032/340-10-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 360<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482099/360-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(8))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 360<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480842/942-360-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The total amount due to the entity within one year of the balance sheet date (or one operating cycle, if longer) from outside sources, including trade accounts receivable, notes and loans receivable, as well as any other types of receivables, net of allowances established for the purpose of reducing such receivables to an amount that approximates their net realizable value.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 852<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481372/852-10-55-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ReceivablesNetCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash restricted as to withdrawal or usage, classified as current. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 8<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-8<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestrictedCashCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amounts payable for money transfers, money orders, and consumer payment service arrangements. Settlement liabilities include amounts payable to intermediaries for global payment transfers.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis=us-gaap_VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis=us-gaap_RelatedPartyMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764137968">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LegalFees', window );">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (2,552)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1,597)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,764)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (4,109)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds', window );">Corporate&#8212;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims</a></td>
<td class="nump">2,186<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,263<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,869<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,988<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_CorporateOther', window );">Corporate&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants', window );">Fintech&#8212; government grants</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">349<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">382<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2', window );">net2phone&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="nump">73<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">73<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212; cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(12)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther', window );">Traditional Communications&#8212;other</a></td>
<td class="num">(1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">3<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="reu">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet', window );">Total other operating (expense) gain, net</a></td>
<td class="num">(294)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">17<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">190<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">816<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_FintechMember', window );">Fintech [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems', window );"><strong>Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1', window );">Fintech&#8212;write-off of contingent consideration liability</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,565<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Write-off of contingent consideration liability.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_CorporateOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Corporate other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_CorporateOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fintech&#8212;government grants.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_FintechgovernmentGrants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional communications other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsOther</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of increase (decrease) in the value of a contingent consideration liability, including, but not limited to, differences arising upon settlement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 805<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (a)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479581/805-30-50-4<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LegalFees">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The amount of expense provided in the period for legal costs incurred on or before the balance sheet date pertaining to resolved, pending or threatened litigation, including arbitration and mediation proceedings.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LegalFees</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The net amount of other operating income and expenses, the components of which are not separately disclosed on the income statement, from items that are associated with the entity's normal revenue producing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (b)(1)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(b)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(b)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(d))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 420<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RestructuringCostAndReserveLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of insurance proceeds for an event or transaction that is unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence, or both.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483613/220-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_FintechMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_BusinessAcquisitionAxis=IDT_FintechMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552764012448">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>May 08, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (12)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember', window );">Indemnification Agreement [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems', window );"><strong>Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim', window );">Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,900<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Traditional Communications&#8212;cable telephony customer indemnification claim.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 808<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479402/808-10-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CollaborativeArrangementsAndNoncollaborativeArrangementTransactionsLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_IndemnificationAgreementMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<DOCUMENT>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552775751536">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Revolving Credit Facility (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 17, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,588,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,383,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayment of lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,588,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,383,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember', window );">IDT Telecom [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit', window );">Outstanding line of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit', window );">Proceeds from lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">30,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">2,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit', window );">Repayment of lines of credit</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 30,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember', window );">Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | TD Bank [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems', window );"><strong>Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity', window );">Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription', window );">Credit facility, description</a></td>
<td class="text">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#8217;s assets. The principal outstanding
bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points,
plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest
is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly
unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending
upon IDT Telecom&#8217;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter.<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate', window );">Debt instrument maturity date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 16,  2026<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity', window );">Revolving credit, unused portion amount</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 25,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date when the debt instrument is scheduled to be fully repaid, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 470<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1B<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 820<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (bbb)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.22(a)(2))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DebtInstrumentMaturityDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The carrying value as of the balance sheet date of the current and noncurrent portions of long-term obligations drawn from a line of credit, which is a bank's commitment to make loans up to a specific amount. Examples of items that might be included in the application of this element may consist of letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revolving credit arrangements, under which borrowings can be made up to a maximum amount as of any point in time conditional on satisfaction of specified terms before, as of and after the date of drawdowns on the line. Includes short-term obligations that would normally be classified as current liabilities but for which (a) postbalance sheet date issuance of a long term obligation to refinance the short term obligation on a long term basis, or (b) the enterprise has entered into a financing agreement that clearly permits the enterprise to refinance the short-term obligation on a long term basis and the following conditions are met (1) the agreement does not expire within 1 year and is not cancelable by the lender except for violation of an objectively determinable provision, (2) no violation exists at the BS date, and (3) the lender has entered into the financing agreement is expected to be financially capable of honoring the agreement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 210<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(16)(a)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03(16))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479853/942-210-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of the terms of a credit facility arrangement. Terms typically include interest rate, collateral required, guarantees required, repayment requirements, and restrictions on use of assets and activities of the entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Maximum borrowing capacity under the credit facility without consideration of any current restrictions on the amount that could be borrowed or the amounts currently outstanding under the facility.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of borrowing capacity currently available under the credit facility (current borrowing capacity less the amount of borrowings outstanding).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02.19(b),22(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from contractual arrangement with the lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow for payment of an obligation from a lender, including but not limited to, letter of credit, standby letter of credit and revolving credit arrangements.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_IDTTelecomMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_CreditFacilityAxis=us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=IDT_TDBankMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LineOfCreditFacilityAxis=IDT_TDBankMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552762539008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">1 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 21, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 21, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 13, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Received cash from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 172,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup>[1]</sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,487,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,286,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,258,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,858,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage', window );">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">125.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember', window );">net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage', window );">Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">4.50%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember', window );">Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation', window );">Stock based compensation expense</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1,400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember', window );">Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Total unrecognized compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">400,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember', window );">Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Contingent Bonus [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized', window );">Total unrecognized compensation</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage', window );">Exchange of outstanding shares percentage</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">125.00%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues', window );">Number of shares during period</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">192,433<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock', window );">Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Vested shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">500,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation', window );">Offsetting income tax withholding liability</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,600,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests', window );">Increase in non controlling interests</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital', window );">Decrease in additional paid in capital</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,610,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription', window );">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Description</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">The
number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting
date, depending on the market price for the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by
the Compensation Committee of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors of $25.45 per share (which was based on the market price at the
time of the initial grants under this program).<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod', window );">Vested shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">53,706<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber', window );">Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">147,540<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | 2024 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized', window );">Number of shares, grant</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized', window );">Additional number of shares authorized</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">250,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised', window );">Received cash from exercise of stock options</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 200,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised', window );">Shares issued</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">12,500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member] | net2phone 2.0, Inc. [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">50,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | Amended And Restated Employment Agreement [Member] | Bill Pereira [Member] | Deferred Stock Units [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod', window );">Shares granted</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">23,500<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased', window );">Aggregate repurchased shares</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">8,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Class B common stock shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">135,261<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">203,436<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 3,200,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 5,000,000.0<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember', window );">Class B Common Stock [Member] | Employees [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired', window );">Class B common stock shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">654<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">13,403<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod', window );">Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 15,000<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 300,000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember', window );">Class A And Class B Common Stock[Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems', window );"><strong>Class of Stock [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare', window );">Cash dividend per share</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="nump">$ 0.05<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend paid date</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Mar. 27,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear', window );">Dividend record date</a></td>
<td class="th" style="border-bottom: 0px;"><sup></sup></td>
<td class="text">Mar. 19,  2024<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="10"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="10"><table class="outerFootnotes" width="100%"><tr class="outerFootnote">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 12pt;" valign="top">[1]</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;" valign="top">Stock-based compensation included in selling, general and
administrative expenses</td>
</tr></table></td></tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exchange of outstanding shares percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Payments related to tax withholding for share based compensation decrease in additional paid in capital.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Payments related to tax withholding for share based compensation increase in noncontrolling interests.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 13<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483014/272-10-45-3<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 272<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482987/272-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 235<br> -SubTopic 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http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(2)(ii))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ClassOfStockLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the declared dividend will be paid, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The per share amount of a dividend declared, but not paid, as of the financial reporting date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482913/230-10-50-3<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsPayableAmountPerShare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dtr-types:perShareItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Date the holder must own the stock to be entitled to the dividend, in YYYY-MM-DD format.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cost not yet recognized for nonvested award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash outflow to satisfy grantee's tax withholding obligation for award under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 15<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-15<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of cash inflow from exercise of option under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-14<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2A<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 718<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2A<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of noncash expense for share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Description of terms of share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, type of award or grantee and reason for issuance.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of grants made during the period on other than stock (or unit) option plans (for example, phantom stock or unit plan, stock or unit appreciation rights plan, performance target plan).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(01)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of non-vested equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that validly exist and are outstanding as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(i)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of equity-based payment instruments, excluding stock (or unit) options, that vested during the reporting period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(2)(iii)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares authorized for issuance under share-based payment arrangement.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)(3)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of new stock issued during the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 505<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-09(4)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-3<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-03(i)(1))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479886/946-10-S99-3<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of share options (or share units) exercised during the current period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 718<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)(02)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(28))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The number of shares authorized to be repurchased by an entity's Board of Directors under a stock repurchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased by an entity's Board of Directors under a stock repurchase plan.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of shares that have been repurchased during the period and are being held in treasury.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(29))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockSharesAcquired</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Equity impact of the cost of common and preferred stock that were repurchased during the period. Recorded using the cost method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 505<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 505<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481549/505-30-45-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember</td>
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<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeStatementLocationAxis=us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_DeferredStockUnitsMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_ContingentBonusMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_AwardTypeAxis=IDT_ContingentBonusMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SubsequentEventTypeAxis=us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_TypeOfArrangementAxis=IDT_TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_BillPereiraMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_BillPereiraMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_ClassBCommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_TitleOfIndividualAxis=IDT_EmployeesMember</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=IDT_CommonClassAandBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>90
<FILENAME>R80.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769546640">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#8217;s Noncontrolling Interest (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember', window );">Common Class B [Member] | National Retail Solutions [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest', window );">Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#8217;s noncontrolling interest</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 114<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 65<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 221<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 198<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of Net Income (Loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.19)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
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<FILENAME>R81.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552775949552">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (Details Narrative) - Common Class B [Member] - National Retail Solutions [Member]<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Sep. 29, 2021 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems', window );"><strong>Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl custom" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction', window );">Capital stock outstanding percentage</a></td>
<td class="nump">2.50%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction', window );">Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Sale of stock percentage of subsidiary equity issued in transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">IDT_SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>IDT_</td>
</tr>
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<td>dtr-types:percentItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_MinorityInterestLineItems</td>
</tr>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cash received on stock transaction after deduction of issuance costs.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassBMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LegalEntityAxis=IDT_NationalRetailSolutionsMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>92
<FILENAME>R82.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552769436000">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares<br> shares in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract', window );"><strong>Earnings per share attributable to IDT Corporation common stockholders:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic', window );">Basic weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,175<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,510<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,176<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,556<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants', window );">Stock options</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">9<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">1<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">11<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends', window );">Non-vested restricted Class B common stock</a></td>
<td class="nump">142<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">19<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">120<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">10<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding', window );">Diluted weighted-average number of shares</a></td>
<td class="nump">25,317<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,538<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,297<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">25,577<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EarningsPerShareAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Additional shares included in the calculation of diluted EPS as a result of the potentially dilutive effect of call options and warrants using the treasury stock method.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-23<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 26<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-26<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of additional shares included in diluted EPS for potentially dilutive effect of nonvested equity-based payment award containing forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-22<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 23<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-23<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-28A<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 68B<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-68B<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 16<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-16<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482662/260-10-50-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 260<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482689/260-10-45-10<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552762346432">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (17,192)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (649)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,039)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(84)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,406)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(17,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(17,276)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember', window );">AOCI, Accumulated Gain (Loss), Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(645)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">204<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">(441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(441)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementEquityComponentsAxis=us-gaap_AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember', window );">Accumulated Foreign Currency Adjustment Attributable to Parent [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossLineItems', window );"><strong>Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(16,547)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(288)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax', window );">Ending balance</a></td>
<td class="num">$ (16,835)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (16,835)<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-4<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 5<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482765/220-10-50-5<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481674/830-30-50-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 17<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-17<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (a)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (c)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br><br>Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 30<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 20<br> -Subparagraph (d)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481694/830-30-45-20<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, after tax, of accumulated increase (decrease) in equity from transaction and other event and circumstance from nonowner source.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14A<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14A<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 11<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-11<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (g)(2)(ii)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 40<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 65<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (h)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480016/944-40-65-2<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 210<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(30)(a)(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480566/210-10-S99-1<br><br>Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 210<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-03(a)(23)(a)(3))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479440/944-210-S99-1<br><br>Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 14<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482790/220-10-45-14<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552765472768">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)<br> $ in Millions</strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 23.4<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 26.8<span></span>
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<td class="nump">17.6<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="nump">$ 29.0<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember', window );">Federal Telecommunications Relay Services Fund [Member]</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems', window );"><strong>Product Liability Contingency [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss', window );">Final decision imposed</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>In certain circumstances, the company is required to provide performance bonds in connection with its contractual commitments. Company has indemnified the surety for any expenses paid out under these performance bonds.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of obligations incurred and payable, pertaining to costs that are statutory in nature, are incurred on contractual obligations, or accumulate over time and for which invoices have not yet been received or will not be rendered. Examples include taxes, interest, rent and utilities.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Reflects the estimated amount of loss from the specified contingency as of the balance sheet date.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 3<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-3<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-4<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-9<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 460<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482425/460-10-50-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>debit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.Y.Q2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480102/450-20-S99-1<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 4<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-4<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 450<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 9<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483076/450-20-50-9<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ProductLiabilityContingencyLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_PurchaseObligation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Minimum amount of purchase arrangement in which the entity has agreed to expend funds to procure goods or services from a supplier.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_PurchaseObligation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">srt_ProductOrServiceAxis=IDT_FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552763758032">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Schedule of Other Income (Expense), Net (Details) - USD ($)<br> $ in Thousands</strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">3 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="2">6 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract', window );"><strong>Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized', window );">Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,510<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,480<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (989)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,451<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments', window );">Equity in net loss of investee</a></td>
<td class="num">(848)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(723)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,861)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1,375)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments', window );">Gains (losses) on investments, net</a></td>
<td class="nump">715<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(228)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(202)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(2,169)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_OtherIncome', window );">Other</a></td>
<td class="nump">157<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">84<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(1)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">(136)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rou">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense', window );">Total other income (expense), net</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 2,534<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,613<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (3,053)<span></span>
</td>
<td class="num">$ (2,229)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount, before tax, of realized gain (loss) from foreign currency transaction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 830<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 55<br> -Paragraph 10<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480167/946-830-55-10<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (a)(2)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483581/946-220-45-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(7)(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481956/830-20-45-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef<br> -Topic 830<br> -SubTopic 20<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481926/830-20-50-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef<br> -Topic 230<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7(c),9(a))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of income (loss) for proportionate share of equity method investee's income (loss).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 28<br> -Subparagraph (b)<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Topic 230<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482740/230-10-45-28<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(10))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 323<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 45<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481664/323-10-45-1<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 280<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 22<br> -Subparagraph (g)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22<br><br>Reference 5: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(12))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br><br>Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 942<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(13)(f))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate amount of income or expense from ancillary business-related activities (that is to say, excluding major activities considered part of the normal operations of the business).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef<br> -Topic 220<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 2<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.7)<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_NonoperatingIncomeExpense</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_OtherIncome">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Amount of revenue and income classified as other.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column E)(2))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480032/946-320-S99-6<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column E)(Footnote 4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480032/946-320-S99-6<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 320<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 6<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.12-14(Column E)(Footnote 6)(b))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480032/946-320-S99-6<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 944<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(4))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1<br><br>Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 946<br> -SubTopic 220<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section S99<br> -Paragraph 1<br> -Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(1)(c))<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncome</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>us-gaap_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>credit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_OtherIncomeAndExpensesAbstract</td>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140552770407008">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Income Taxes (Details Narrative)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">6 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 31, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 31, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureAbstract', window );"><strong>Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations', window );">Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent</a></td>
<td class="nump">24.70%<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">27.00%<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Percentage of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef<br> -Topic 740<br> -SubTopic 10<br> -Name Accounting Standards Codification<br> -Section 50<br> -Paragraph 12<br> -Publisher FASB<br> -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
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      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
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      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
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    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfOtherDebt
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
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      decimals="-3"
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
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      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
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    <us-gaap:BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-4664">&lt;p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock_zBn8O2NAdUE1" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
1&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82C_ze31ZkMvVu41"&gt;Basis of Presentation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d; or
&#x201c;IDT&#x201d;) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(&#x201c;U.S. GAAP&#x201d;) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X.
Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the
opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have
been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results
that may be expected for the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024. The balance sheet at July 31, 2023 has been derived from the
Company&#x2019;s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S.
GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes
thereto included in the Company&#x2019;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#x201c;SEC&#x201d;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending
in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2024 refers to the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of January 31, 2024, the Company owned &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z2mbkSg7kPsf" title="Ownership percentage"&gt;94.0&lt;/span&gt;%
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary,
net2phone 2.0, Inc. (&#x201c;net2phone 2.0&#x201d;), which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zKs8Ddx1NS3" title="Ownership percentage"&gt;81.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions (&#x201c;NRS&#x201d;), and, on a fully diluted basis, assuming all the vesting criteria
related to various rights granted have been met and other assumptions, the Company would own &lt;span id="xdx_902_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zRYOgc8dq273" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage"&gt;90.8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
of net2phone 2.0 and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent_pid_dp_uPure_c20230801__20240131__srt--OwnershipAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zFCQnRMcdFh3" title="Fully diluted basis assuming vesting, percentage"&gt;78.9&lt;/span&gt;%
of NRS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zgciuZdZZg5g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_864_z5TTKQNETRra"&gt;Reclassifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and
&#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense and is reporting gross profit (in accordance with U.S. GAAP) in the
consolidated statements of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated
statements of income. Depreciation and amortization expense of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zJKDP31zLlT1" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;5.0&lt;/span&gt;
million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation as follows:
$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zBxaaTxPqiQ4" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;1.1&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z4tsMwN1W6yk" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;3.9&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense, and depreciation and amortization expense of
$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zKa5bk098037" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;9.8&lt;/span&gt;
million in the six months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation as follows:
$&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zUlp3o3IqD1h" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;2.1&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z0fhjsS6dL49" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;7.7&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash provided by &#x201c;Trade accounts receivable&#x201d; in the six months ended January 31,
2023 of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_z7O81wh6ICu4" title="Trade accounts receivable"&gt;13.8&lt;/span&gt; million was reclassified to &#x201c;Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets,
and other assets&#x201d; to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zBYZwNmMGGCl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_zy1C3fY1Vpc1"&gt;Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No. 2016-13, &lt;i&gt;Financial Instruments&#x2014;Credit
Losses (Topic 326)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,&lt;/i&gt; that changed the impairment model for most financial
assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, entities are required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss
model to determine its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining the allowance
for credit losses for its trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based
on past experience, taking into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company
also considers future economic trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks will be assessed
based on historical write-offs, net of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally
increasing as the receivable ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist,
such as pending bankruptcies. Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not
be recovered. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the concept of &#x201c;other-than-temporary&#x201d; impairment
was replaced by a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#x201c;Other income (expense), net&#x201d;
in the consolidated statements of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_850_zygl6Hyr3nk8" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:BasisOfPresentationAndSignificantAccountingPoliciesTextBlock>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22283"
      unitRef="Pure">0.940</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22284"
      unitRef="Pure">0.812</us-gaap:MinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22285"
      unitRef="Pure">0.908</IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22286"
      unitRef="Pure">0.789</IDT:FullyDilutedMinorityInterestOwnershipPercentageByParent>
    <us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-4690">&lt;p id="xdx_842_eus-gaap--PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription_zgciuZdZZg5g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_864_z5TTKQNETRra"&gt;Reclassifications&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;From
and after August 1, 2023, the Company includes depreciation and amortization in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and
&#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense and is reporting gross profit (in accordance with U.S. GAAP) in the
consolidated statements of income. Prior to August 1, 2023, depreciation and amortization was a separate caption in the consolidated
statements of income. Depreciation and amortization expense of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zJKDP31zLlT1" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;5.0&lt;/span&gt;
million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation as follows:
$&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zBxaaTxPqiQ4" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;1.1&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z4tsMwN1W6yk" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;3.9&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense, and depreciation and amortization expense of
$&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zKa5bk098037" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;9.8&lt;/span&gt;
million in the six months ended January 31, 2023 was reclassified to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation as follows:
$&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_zUlp3o3IqD1h" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;2.1&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d; and $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_z0fhjsS6dL49" title="Depreciation and amortization"&gt;7.7&lt;/span&gt;
million was reclassified to &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative&#x201d; expense.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash provided by &#x201c;Trade accounts receivable&#x201d; in the six months ended January 31,
2023 of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__srt--RestatementAxis__srt--ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_z7O81wh6ICu4" title="Trade accounts receivable"&gt;13.8&lt;/span&gt; million was reclassified to &#x201c;Settlement assets, disbursement prefunding, prepaid expenses, other current assets,
and other assets&#x201d; to conform to the current year&#x2019;s presentation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:PriorPeriodReclassificationAdjustmentDescription>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22287"
      unitRef="USD">5000000.0</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22288"
      unitRef="USD">1100000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22289"
      unitRef="USD">3900000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22290"
      unitRef="USD">9800000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_custom_DirectCostOfRevenuesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22291"
      unitRef="USD">2100000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember_us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22292"
      unitRef="USD">7700000</us-gaap:DepreciationAndAmortization>
    <us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_srt_ScenarioPreviouslyReportedMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22293"
      unitRef="USD">13800000</us-gaap:IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsReceivable>
    <us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-4712">&lt;p id="xdx_844_eus-gaap--NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock_zBYZwNmMGGCl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_86A_zy1C3fY1Vpc1"&gt;Recently
Adopted Accounting Standard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
August 1, 2023, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (&#x201c;ASU&#x201d;) No. 2016-13, &lt;i&gt;Financial Instruments&#x2014;Credit
Losses (Topic 326)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,&lt;/i&gt; that changed the impairment model for most financial
assets and certain other instruments. For receivables, entities are required to use a new forward-looking current expected credit loss
model to determine its allowance for credit losses, which replaced the allowance for doubtful accounts. When determining the allowance
for credit losses for its trade accounts receivable, the Company considers the probability of recoverability of accounts receivable based
on past experience, taking into account current collection trends and general economic factors, including bankruptcy rates. The Company
also considers future economic trends to estimate expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Credit risks will be assessed
based on historical write-offs, net of recoveries, as well as an analysis of the aged accounts receivable balances with allowances generally
increasing as the receivable ages. Accounts receivable may be fully reserved for when specific collection issues are known to exist,
such as pending bankruptcies. Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not
be recovered. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the concept of &#x201c;other-than-temporary&#x201d; impairment
was replaced by a determination whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. The portion of the unrealized loss
that is the result of a credit loss is recognized as an allowance and a corresponding expense recorded in &#x201c;Other income (expense), net&#x201d;
in the consolidated statements of income. Unrealized loss that is not the result of a credit loss is recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other
comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated financial statements, and it was not necessary to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings
as of August 1, 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyPolicyTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-4732">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock_zRb5iOtrir0h" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
2&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_820_ztMiXbutq6q6"&gt;Business Segment Information&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--NumberOfReportableSegments_pid_dc_uSegments_c20230801__20240131_zHKiMhQvqjsc" title="Number of reportable segments"&gt;four&lt;/span&gt;
reportable business segments, NRS, Fintech, net2phone, and Traditional Communications. Any items not included within, or allocated
to, one of the segments is presented under &#x201c;Corporate.&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
NRS segment is an operator of a nationwide point-of-sale (&#x201c;POS&#x201d;) network providing independent retailers with store management
software, electronic payment processing, and other ancillary merchant services. NRS&#x2019; POS platform provides marketers with digital
out-of-home advertising and transaction data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Fintech segment is comprised of: (i) BOSS Money, a provider of international money remittance and related value/payment transfer
services; and (ii) other, significantly smaller, financial services businesses, including Leaf Global Fintech Corporation
(&#x201c;Leaf&#x201d;), a provider of digital wallet services in emerging markets, a variable interest entity that operates money
transfer businesses, and IDT Financial Services Limited (&#x201c;IDT Financial Services&#x201d;), the Company&#x2019;s Gibraltar-based
bank.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;
&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
net2phone segment is comprised of net2phone&#x2019;s cloud communications and contact center offerings.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Traditional Communications segment includes: (i) IDT Digital Payments, which enables customers to transfer airtime and bundles of
airtime, messaging, and data to international and domestic mobile accounts; (ii) BOSS Revolution Calling, an international
long-distance calling service marketed primarily to immigrant communities in the United States and Canada; and (iii) IDT Global, a
wholesale provider of international voice and SMS termination and outsourced traffic management solutions to telecoms worldwide.
Traditional Communications also includes other small businesses and offerings including early-stage business initiatives and mature
businesses in harvest mode.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers, and methods used to provide their services. The
operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company&#x2019;s chief operating decision maker. The accounting
policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are no significant asymmetrical allocations
to segments. The Company evaluates the performance of its business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Corporate
costs mainly include compensation, consulting fees, treasury, tax and accounting services, human resources, corporate purchasing, corporate
governance including Board of Directors&#x2019; fees, internal and external audit, investor relations, corporate insurance, corporate
legal, and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any
direct cost of revenues.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zKoCd27sIUhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zFpwv2wKKeee" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B5_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zIqQYe4jCZgi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_z9ikzonzf0P4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zQs5nRBiOo9h" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zgAl8Ert13Q2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_us-gaap--CorporateMember_z0oHRU5qq5O2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Corporate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zZlGdRi63Pbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqK3vPflYDr" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;222,535&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0926"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_z5xfCXu5aCQ4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,581&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;16,017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyvp1FoYYgGi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43A_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z7jjZGP6X3uj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;483&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0947"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z2jZwHcj8Ei4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;294&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;662&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;952&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,844&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,769&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRQhfosCTH2e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;255,999&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0961"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zLpQ6URp7G75" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(806&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(575&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17,008&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,820&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43A_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zWWDzOONXex6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z0ReqZJ3xcal" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;357&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;536&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;191&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0982"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,105&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zoQpKzP0C6l6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;855&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,160&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,907&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDRI4e3mfpY8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;453,255&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0996"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzKEsdSVHqJf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;10,810&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,120&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;360&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;30,024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(5,891&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;33,183&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyaHO1PaGaF5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zEchxcujXV6l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;933&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;85&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;369&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,586&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_ziMZ8GsLYUJl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;579&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,333&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,792&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,807&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;49&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRZfjXLUtzfa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;521,665&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1031"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zo9tGyo15yij" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;10,605&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;706&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,271&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(5,544&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;38,407&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zJ9VqCZDMDZe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zOloqmeGYrh2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;676&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;45&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,034&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;384&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1052"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,139&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zANCjFOS7cI1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;395&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,235&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,287&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;36&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,662&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zAUPjn7JXq5e" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;395&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,235&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,287&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;36&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,662&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zWjN9Tnk0Ro4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;



&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:SegmentReportingDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22294"
      unitRef="Segments">4</us-gaap:NumberOfReportableSegments>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-4768">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock_zKoCd27sIUhd" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Operating
results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_zFpwv2wKKeee" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Operating Results of Business Segments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B5_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zIqQYe4jCZgi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BC_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_z9ikzonzf0P4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zQs5nRBiOo9h" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B0_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zgAl8Ert13Q2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B2_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_us-gaap--CorporateMember_z0oHRU5qq5O2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Corporate&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zZlGdRi63Pbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqK3vPflYDr" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;222,535&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0926"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 6%; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_z5xfCXu5aCQ4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(736&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;367&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;14,618&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,581&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;16,017&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyvp1FoYYgGi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43A_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z7jjZGP6X3uj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;483&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;600&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;185&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0947"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,330&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z2jZwHcj8Ei4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;294&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;662&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;952&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,844&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,769&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRQhfosCTH2e" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;255,999&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0961"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zLpQ6URp7G75" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(806&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(575&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17,008&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,820&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43A_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zWWDzOONXex6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_z0ReqZJ3xcal" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;357&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;536&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;191&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0982"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,105&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zoQpKzP0C6l6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;855&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,160&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,907&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zDRI4e3mfpY8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;453,255&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0996"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zzKEsdSVHqJf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;10,810&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,120&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;360&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;30,024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(5,891&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;33,183&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zyaHO1PaGaF5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zEchxcujXV6l" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;933&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;85&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,199&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;369&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1017"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,586&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_ziMZ8GsLYUJl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;579&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,333&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,792&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,807&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;49&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,560&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zRZfjXLUtzfa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;521,665&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1031"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_zo9tGyo15yij" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Income (loss) from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;10,605&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;706&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;34,271&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(5,544&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;38,407&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortizationAbstract_iB_zJ9VqCZDMDZe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Depreciation and amortization:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__custom--DirectCostOfRevenuesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zOloqmeGYrh2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Direct cost of revenues&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;676&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;45&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,034&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;384&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1052"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,139&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zANCjFOS7cI1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative expense&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;395&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,235&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,287&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;36&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,662&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember_eus-gaap--DepreciationAndAmortization_pn3n3_zAUPjn7JXq5e" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total depreciation and amortization&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;395&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,235&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,287&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;36&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,662&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfSegmentReportingInformationBySegmentTextBlock>
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    <us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-5549">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock_zcgre6PY17nj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
3&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82C_z21Ta6vBM12i"&gt;Revenue Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company earns revenue from contracts with customers, primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings
as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination. BOSS Money, NRS, and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses
that leverage the Company&#x2019;s core assets. BOSS Money&#x2019;s and NRS&#x2019; revenues are primarily recognized at a point in time,
and net2phone&#x2019;s revenue is mainly recognized over time. Traditional Communications are mostly minute-based, paid-voice communications
services, and revenue is primarily recognized at a point in time. The Company&#x2019;s most significant revenue streams are from IDT Digital
Payments, BOSS Revolution Calling, and IDT Global. IDT Digital Payments and BOSS Revolution Calling are sold direct-to-consumer and through
distributors and retailers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Disaggregated
Revenues&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_zdMiEUnPzHf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zG4jnupOOiP2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_z8Nnhp4GSeFh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230801__20240131_z9zfHDuGRxyi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zSGEwXrbmr8i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Money&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;25,039&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17,649&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;49,278&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;35,203&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zp7wpOgBi7E7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,948&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,672&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zpvO3UZqfqZi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z7H4FqoqrPA6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zqqrmJNjbke4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Digital Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;99,620&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;106,127&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;199,606&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;215,177&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionCallingMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zz18yZnhB2Il" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Revolution Calling&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;66,703&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;82,831&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;137,925&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;169,083&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zl3mybgYWEP2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Global&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;48,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;58,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;100,775&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;120,242&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zUxUgxAs2zNe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;7,471&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,410&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;14,949&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;17,163&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zH9dJoRpH0h2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;222,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;255,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;453,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;521,665&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZMmkgcrLebe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zSile3fCIjd8" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zaTzNcdSitC5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDUhlebawVC9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zW3r3SdSsjh6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zLpfRj1A5Ex8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zGgQtvx2sJ5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zW9yeifJkTh5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zAznMvCI2YTh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zJMEXbyazJZ7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zhrAsgpF4qJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;26,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;10,700&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;163,774&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;226,598&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zd7F6dt6IlLf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1141"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1142"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1143"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;50,390&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;50,390&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zcvqI5KdB6Y6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1147"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,086&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,653&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,371&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;19,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNn4GwXD1rG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1153"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,086&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,653&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,761&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;69,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z6XZ9vD4ShLe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;222,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zysWN6il7im6" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;222,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zKo3sJ0G4R2b" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_z46dU2Q0O0Fi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zoGarnNtm0D5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_ziZmGwIPvrli" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zHrnWZfMdJf5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zdpyzEj72na2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;19,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;9,514&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;176,424&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;225,372&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zOQEzDbXeOkd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1177"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1178"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1179"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zatKmczRKuXa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1183"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10,575&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;19,564&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zgwBs0WyVQM3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1189"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;79,575&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;88,564&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zWpenZv3Yxxi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;255,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zMY3ll8CdLC3" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;255,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcivPxvB5Bci" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zBPHDuJ72k3f" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zDbgP6Ml5l6i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zuBr5txBCvP4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_z6VdcKIM6KC3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zYmys4HBCU8i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;52,734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;21,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;326,842&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;450,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zbQTLTLmp2kh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1213"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1214"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1215"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;109,232&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;109,232&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zE6ZOZrmRXDd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18,892&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;17,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37,889&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zEj3Ra0RJF85" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1225"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18,892&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;126,413&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;147,121&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zR0NIvQR4Irb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;453,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0Njrcot081b" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;453,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zVQRiGWBioaf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zZHE88EkRUvg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zmYrCkhaZXhf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zx0dOioAotQb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zDqAtwmJaAj8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zeVSSqHyb5xi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;38,867&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;18,316&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;361,262&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;457,580&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zID2o6g0WpMa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1249"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1250"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1251"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;137,940&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;137,940&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqiQ2cXRJUsa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1255"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,341&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;16,428&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;22,463&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;40,232&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zBukiIsqSWs8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1261"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,341&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;16,428&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;160,403&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;178,172&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zIQMOaRySi92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;521,665&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZDlrNJfQ5Lk" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;521,665&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zyOudyCZzjQf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Remaining
Performance Obligations &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied
or partially unsatisfied as of January 31, 2024. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zyZynuk7Zcy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zmZe0R5Rk6kl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20240131__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zNsiHSnS5wzh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20240131__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zIDIO00BpPG1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240131_z6sZc7Z8bPg7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Twelve-month period ending January 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zgelRYsXfRDe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 55%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zVnPhVSUc5I1" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1285"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;5,896&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;38,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;44,750&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zJI5RUZ5eyRg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zQzHIIQu3688" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1291"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,940&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,769&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;23,709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_ztXAmoSfbEJj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_zJrszg1dukSe" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1297"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,838&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,213&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,051&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-01-31_z6SgJRxvWvd3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-01-31_z8MtM0Gquz78" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1303"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;15,674&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;63,836&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;79,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zBgnWkkhSfca" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accounts
Receivable and Contract Balances&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company&#x2019;s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset
when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract
assets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Contract
liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in
the contract. The Company&#x2019;s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution Calling. Contract
liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the
Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets as &#x201c;Deferred revenue&#x201d;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89B_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock_zFpl4HVepJ89" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents information about the Company&#x2019;s contract liability balance:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zpkNH9TmhZxg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20231101__20240131_z0qy7ziHAht7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20221101__20230131_z61H9ksvcWU5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240131_z5cY1rw7Xsa7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230131_z8WcGnI7MHS8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn3n3_zcTGcloqteEd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;15,803&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;17,072&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;19,605&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;21,205&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zUmNhCpBlR81" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Deferred
Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The Company&#x2019;s
incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties on sales to end users.
If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs, the Company applies
the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred. For net2phone sales, the Company defers these
costs and amortizes them over the expected customer relationship period when it is expected to exceed one year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged
to expense as incurred.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_z57H037sii3j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zZrva8PgggFg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240131_zzhWd1jzY2tk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230731_zBvrMhx8ruFg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zk3GLfvGEeac" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other current assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;4,197&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;4,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zSTvaqVTr1fc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,871&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zUhbNxHkMYG9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;8,068&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;8,194&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A4_z91aFfc0OPIj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zGbEpFQikioe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zjMNslriWMie" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231101__20240131_zkLqBB3hGrbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_z3utPLtX9Ue6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240131_zE4fy0xukX1c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zG4GRSknN3Sk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn3n3_ztrY1i6Y79d7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,194&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,409&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,405&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A5_zaYqh47RqG" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-5565">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock_zdMiEUnPzHf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zG4jnupOOiP2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231101__20240131_zmgYGVJh42xk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_z8Nnhp4GSeFh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230801__20240131_z9zfHDuGRxyi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230131_z8W83dKpYOu6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_ziXCRRytfml7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zSGEwXrbmr8i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Money&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;25,039&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;17,649&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;49,278&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;35,203&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zp7wpOgBi7E7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,948&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,672&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;5,005&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--FintechMember_zpvO3UZqfqZi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total Fintech&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_z7H4FqoqrPA6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTDigitalPaymentsMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zqqrmJNjbke4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Digital Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;99,620&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;106,127&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;199,606&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;215,177&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--BOSSRevolutionCallingMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zz18yZnhB2Il" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;BOSS Revolution Calling&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;66,703&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;82,831&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;137,925&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;169,083&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTGlobalMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zl3mybgYWEP2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;IDT Global&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;48,741&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;58,631&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;100,775&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;120,242&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hsrt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--OtherMember__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zUxUgxAs2zNe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;7,471&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,410&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;14,949&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;17,163&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zH9dJoRpH0h2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;222,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;255,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;453,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;521,665&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZMmkgcrLebe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zSile3fCIjd8" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEntityWideInformationRevenueFromExternalCustomersByProductsAndServicesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22389"
      unitRef="USD">25223000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22390"
      unitRef="USD">19822000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember59829812"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22391"
      unitRef="USD">49217000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22392"
      unitRef="USD">39135000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22393"
      unitRef="USD">25039000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22394"
      unitRef="USD">17649000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22395"
      unitRef="USD">49278000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionMoneyTransferMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22396"
      unitRef="USD">35203000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22397"
      unitRef="USD">2948000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22398"
      unitRef="USD">2672000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22399"
      unitRef="USD">5272000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22400"
      unitRef="USD">5005000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22401"
      unitRef="USD">27987000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22402"
      unitRef="USD">20321000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22403"
      unitRef="USD">54550000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22404"
      unitRef="USD">40208000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22405"
      unitRef="USD">20353000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22406"
      unitRef="USD">17794000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22407"
      unitRef="USD">40280000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22408"
      unitRef="USD">34744000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22409"
      unitRef="USD">99620000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22410"
      unitRef="USD">106127000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22411"
      unitRef="USD">199606000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_IDTDigitalPaymentsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22412"
      unitRef="USD">215177000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22413"
      unitRef="USD">66703000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22414"
      unitRef="USD">82831000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22415"
      unitRef="USD">137925000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_BOSSRevolutionCallingMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22416"
      unitRef="USD">169083000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_IDTGlobalMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22417"
      unitRef="USD">48741000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_IDTGlobalMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22418"
      unitRef="USD">58631000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_IDTGlobalMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22419"
      unitRef="USD">100775000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_IDTGlobalMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22420"
      unitRef="USD">120242000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22421"
      unitRef="USD">7471000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22422"
      unitRef="USD">8410000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22423"
      unitRef="USD">14949000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_OtherMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22424"
      unitRef="USD">17163000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22425"
      unitRef="USD">222535000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22426"
      unitRef="USD">255999000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22427"
      unitRef="USD">453255000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22428"
      unitRef="USD">521665000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22429"
      unitRef="USD">296098000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22430"
      unitRef="USD">313936000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22431"
      unitRef="USD">597302000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22432"
      unitRef="USD">635752000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22433"
      unitRef="USD">296098000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22434"
      unitRef="USD">313936000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22435"
      unitRef="USD">597302000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22436"
      unitRef="USD">635752000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-5951">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock_zDUhlebawVC9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;The
following table shows the Company&#x2019;s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location:
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zW3r3SdSsjh6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zLpfRj1A5Ex8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zGgQtvx2sJ5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zW9yeifJkTh5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zAznMvCI2YTh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zJMEXbyazJZ7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zhrAsgpF4qJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;26,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;10,700&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;163,774&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;226,598&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zd7F6dt6IlLf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1141"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1142"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1143"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;50,390&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;50,390&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zcvqI5KdB6Y6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1147"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,086&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,653&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,371&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;19,110&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20231101__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zNn4GwXD1rG7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1153"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,086&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;9,653&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;58,761&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;69,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_432_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z6XZ9vD4ShLe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;222,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_434_c20231101__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zysWN6il7im6" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,223&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;27,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,353&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;222,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;296,098&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zKo3sJ0G4R2b" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_z46dU2Q0O0Fi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zoGarnNtm0D5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_ziZmGwIPvrli" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zHrnWZfMdJf5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_437_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zdpyzEj72na2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;19,612&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;9,514&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;176,424&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;225,372&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zOQEzDbXeOkd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1177"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1178"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1179"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;69,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_438_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zatKmczRKuXa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1183"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10,575&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;19,564&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_430_c20221101__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zgwBs0WyVQM3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1189"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;8,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;79,575&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;88,564&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43C_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zWpenZv3Yxxi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;255,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43F_c20221101__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zMY3ll8CdLC3" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;19,822&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;20,321&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;17,794&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;255,999&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;313,936&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zcivPxvB5Bci" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zBPHDuJ72k3f" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zDbgP6Ml5l6i" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zuBr5txBCvP4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_z6VdcKIM6KC3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zYmys4HBCU8i" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;52,734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;21,388&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;326,842&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;450,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zbQTLTLmp2kh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1213"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1214"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1215"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;109,232&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;109,232&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zE6ZOZrmRXDd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1219"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18,892&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;17,181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;37,889&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_439_c20230801__20240131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zEj3Ra0RJF85" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1225"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18,892&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;126,413&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;147,121&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_435_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zR0NIvQR4Irb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;453,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20230801__20240131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_z0Njrcot081b" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49,217&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;54,550&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,280&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;453,255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;597,302&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B4_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zVQRiGWBioaf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B6_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--FintechMember_zZHE88EkRUvg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fintech&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BF_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--Net2phoneMember_zmYrCkhaZXhf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4BB_us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis_custom--TraditionalCommunicationsMember_zx0dOioAotQb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Traditional Communications&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_4B7_zDqAtwmJaAj8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended January 31, 2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43B_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--US_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zeVSSqHyb5xi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 35%; text-align: left"&gt;United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;38,867&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;18,316&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;361,262&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"&gt;457,580&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Outside the United States:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__country--GB_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zID2o6g0WpMa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1249"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1250"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1251"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;137,940&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;137,940&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_43D_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__custom--OthersMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zqiQ2cXRJUsa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1255"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,341&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;16,428&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;22,463&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;40,232&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_433_c20220801__20230131__srt--StatementGeographicalAxis__us-gaap--NonUsMember_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zBukiIsqSWs8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total outside the United States&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1261"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,341&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;16,428&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;160,403&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;178,172&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_431_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zIQMOaRySi92" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;521,665&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_436_c20220801__20230131_eus-gaap--Revenues_pn3n3_zZDlrNJfQ5Lk" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;39,135&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;40,208&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;34,744&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;521,665&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;635,752&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:RevenueFromExternalCustomersByGeographicAreasTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_country_US_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22437"
      unitRef="USD">25223000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_country_US_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22438"
      unitRef="USD">26901000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_country_US_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22439"
      unitRef="USD">10700000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_country_US_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22440"
      unitRef="USD">163774000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22441"
      unitRef="USD">226598000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22442"
      unitRef="USD">50390000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_country_GB"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22443"
      unitRef="USD">50390000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22444"
      unitRef="USD">1086000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22445"
      unitRef="USD">9653000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22446"
      unitRef="USD">8371000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22447"
      unitRef="USD">19110000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22448"
      unitRef="USD">1086000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22449"
      unitRef="USD">9653000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22450"
      unitRef="USD">58761000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22451"
      unitRef="USD">69500000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22452"
      unitRef="USD">25223000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22453"
      unitRef="USD">27987000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22454"
      unitRef="USD">20353000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22455"
      unitRef="USD">222535000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22456"
      unitRef="USD">296098000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22457"
      unitRef="USD">25223000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22458"
      unitRef="USD">27987000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22459"
      unitRef="USD">20353000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22460"
      unitRef="USD">222535000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22461"
      unitRef="USD">296098000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22462"
      unitRef="USD">19822000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22463"
      unitRef="USD">19612000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22464"
      unitRef="USD">9514000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22465"
      unitRef="USD">176424000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22466"
      unitRef="USD">225372000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22467"
      unitRef="USD">69000000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_country_GB"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22468"
      unitRef="USD">69000000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22469"
      unitRef="USD">709000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22470"
      unitRef="USD">8280000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22471"
      unitRef="USD">10575000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22472"
      unitRef="USD">19564000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22473"
      unitRef="USD">709000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22474"
      unitRef="USD">8280000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22475"
      unitRef="USD">79575000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22476"
      unitRef="USD">88564000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22477"
      unitRef="USD">19822000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22478"
      unitRef="USD">20321000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22479"
      unitRef="USD">17794000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22480"
      unitRef="USD">255999000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22481"
      unitRef="USD">313936000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22482"
      unitRef="USD">19822000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22483"
      unitRef="USD">20321000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22484"
      unitRef="USD">17794000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22485"
      unitRef="USD">255999000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22486"
      unitRef="USD">313936000</us-gaap:Revenues>
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_country_US_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22487"
      unitRef="USD">49217000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_country_US_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22488"
      unitRef="USD">52734000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22489"
      unitRef="USD">21388000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_country_US_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
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      id="ixv-22490"
      unitRef="USD">326842000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22491"
      unitRef="USD">450181000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
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      id="ixv-22492"
      unitRef="USD">109232000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_country_GB"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22493"
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    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22494"
      unitRef="USD">1816000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22495"
      unitRef="USD">18892000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22496"
      unitRef="USD">17181000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_OthersMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22497"
      unitRef="USD">37889000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22498"
      unitRef="USD">1816000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22499"
      unitRef="USD">18892000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22500"
      unitRef="USD">126413000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22501"
      unitRef="USD">147121000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember59829812"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22502"
      unitRef="USD">49217000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22503"
      unitRef="USD">54550000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22504"
      unitRef="USD">40280000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22505"
      unitRef="USD">453255000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22506"
      unitRef="USD">597302000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember59829812"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22507"
      unitRef="USD">49217000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22508"
      unitRef="USD">54550000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22509"
      unitRef="USD">40280000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22510"
      unitRef="USD">453255000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22511"
      unitRef="USD">597302000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22512"
      unitRef="USD">39135000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22513"
      unitRef="USD">38867000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22514"
      unitRef="USD">18316000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_country_US_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22515"
      unitRef="USD">361262000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_country_US"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22516"
      unitRef="USD">457580000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_country_GB_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22517"
      unitRef="USD">137940000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_country_GB"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22518"
      unitRef="USD">137940000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22519"
      unitRef="USD">1341000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22520"
      unitRef="USD">16428000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22521"
      unitRef="USD">22463000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_OthersMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22522"
      unitRef="USD">40232000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22523"
      unitRef="USD">1341000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22524"
      unitRef="USD">16428000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22525"
      unitRef="USD">160403000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_NonUsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22526"
      unitRef="USD">178172000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22527"
      unitRef="USD">39135000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22528"
      unitRef="USD">40208000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22529"
      unitRef="USD">34744000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
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      id="ixv-22530"
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    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
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      id="ixv-22531"
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    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22532"
      unitRef="USD">39135000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_FintechMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22533"
      unitRef="USD">40208000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_Net2phoneMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22534"
      unitRef="USD">34744000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_TraditionalCommunicationsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22535"
      unitRef="USD">521665000</us-gaap:Revenues>
    <us-gaap:Revenues
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
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      id="ixv-22536"
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    <us-gaap:RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-6972">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionTableTextBlock_zyZynuk7Zcy4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zmZe0R5Rk6kl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in
thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20240131__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zNsiHSnS5wzh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;National Retail Solutions&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20240131__us-gaap--StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis__custom--Net2phoneMember_zIDIO00BpPG1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;net2phone&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240131_z6sZc7Z8bPg7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Twelve-month period ending January 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zgelRYsXfRDe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 55%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2025-08-01_zVnPhVSUc5I1" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1285"&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;5,896&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;38,854&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"&gt;44,750&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zJI5RUZ5eyRg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2026-08-01_zQzHIIQu3688" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P1Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1291"&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,940&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;18,769&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;23,709&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_ztXAmoSfbEJj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2027-08-01_zJrszg1dukSe" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1297"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,838&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,213&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,051&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligation_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-01-31_z6SgJRxvWvd3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionPeriod1_iI_dxL_c20240131__us-gaap--RevenueRemainingPerformanceObligationExpectedTimingOfSatisfactionStartDateAxis__2024-01-31_z8MtM0Gquz78" title="Remaining Performance Obligations, Years::XDX::P0Y"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1303"&gt;Total&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;15,674&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;63,836&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;79,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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following table presents information about the Company&#x2019;s contract liability balance:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BE_zpkNH9TmhZxg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20231101__20240131_z0qy7ziHAht7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20221101__20230131_z61H9ksvcWU5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240131_z5cY1rw7Xsa7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230131_z8WcGnI7MHS8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized_pn3n3_zcTGcloqteEd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;15,803&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;17,072&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;19,605&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;21,205&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;


</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerAssetAndLiabilityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22549"
      unitRef="USD">15803000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22550"
      unitRef="USD">17072000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22551"
      unitRef="USD">19605000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22552"
      unitRef="USD">21205000</us-gaap:ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognized>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7199">&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock_z57H037sii3j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BF_zZrva8PgggFg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240131_zzhWd1jzY2tk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_496_20230731_zBvrMhx8ruFg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zk3GLfvGEeac" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other current assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;4,197&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;4,460&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maCCCNzHg2_zSTvaqVTr1fc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in &#x201c;Other assets&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,871&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostNet_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCCNzHg2_zUhbNxHkMYG9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;8,068&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;8,194&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22553"
      unitRef="USD">4197000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22554"
      unitRef="USD">4460000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetCurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22555"
      unitRef="USD">3871000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22556"
      unitRef="USD">3734000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNetNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22557"
      unitRef="USD">8068000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22558"
      unitRef="USD">8194000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostNet>
    <IDT:AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7273">&lt;p id="xdx_891_ecustom--AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock_zGbEpFQikioe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zjMNslriWMie" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231101__20240131_zkLqBB3hGrbc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_z3utPLtX9Ue6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240131_zE4fy0xukX1c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zG4GRSknN3Sk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--CapitalizedContractCostAmortization_pn3n3_ztrY1i6Y79d7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,194&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,409&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,405&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:AmortizationOfDeferredCustomerContractAcquisitionCostsTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22559"
      unitRef="USD">1194000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22560"
      unitRef="USD">1228000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22561"
      unitRef="USD">2409000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22562"
      unitRef="USD">2405000</us-gaap:CapitalizedContractCostAmortization>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7353">&lt;p id="xdx_80E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock_z7INJG47dLDf" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
4&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_823_zvv5Iv0A5Agb"&gt;Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s leases primarily consist of operating leases for office space. These leases have remaining terms from less than &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240131__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MinimumMember_zU6dDICHWMR2" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"&gt;one
year&lt;/span&gt; to &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract_iI_dc_c20240131__srt--RangeAxis__srt--MaximumMember_zDGYEkCvLQTj" title="Lessee, operating lease, term of contract"&gt;six
years&lt;/span&gt;. Certain of these leases contain renewal options that may be exercised and/or options to terminate the lease. The
Company has concluded that it is not reasonably certain that it would exercise any of these options.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;net2phone
is the lessee under equipment leases that are classified as finance leases. The assets and liabilities related to these finance leases
are not material to the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheets.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zJ8khxrPqJ23" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#x2019;s operating leases were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zREQSY14C7Kg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231101__20240131_zZw1M1BGZhta" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_zXlFT97Fac76" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240131_zEAlKcEkGeOe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zR4IUmgiEfj7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zLce3r2PSMzk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;799&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,492&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,566&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_zuJ9mFKL7Vei" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Short-term lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;259&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;459&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;528&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zhCoyeIXDbV3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;866&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,058&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,951&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;2,094&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_ze7Hsupevxfg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;824&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,515&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z1KBsOZJGKId" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included
in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;824&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,515&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zcagjsgfOjLc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_z4z31RgtXsPf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zsiLXyg7STP1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20240131_zaadTYKmdpa5" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.6&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230731_zha2U05dhDke" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.3&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131_zfp5yEkKmnj3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;4.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_z00kFafsvLBj" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_ziAKASSURc3c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company obtained right-of-use assets of $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zx4dOcMgWbL6" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"&gt;0.9&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_eus-gaap--RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zRUHclN43zBc" title="Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities"&gt;1.7&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively,
in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zGKsqsEfDPO9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zGCZW1f8YP09" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240131_zToZyCl00sql" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20230731_zNisLOJZtYnf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zcPPZrMTQAzj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in &#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zjSRhXwbuWOe" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240131_zTXGKpvpSj52" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1381"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1382"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;2,810&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;2,861&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zyPaLZhHoFL" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,448&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zgknJEpLnlEb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,742&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zarMmO386QDc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zqR9AHxxqDMh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zSORGLoXzmRf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20240131_z6lDh0Wfh2qg"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Twelve-month period ending January 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zuK3xHyR71ek" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 80%; text-align: left"&gt;2025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;2,988&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zQeApMg7xr29" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2026&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,344&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zBWyE6Fuil2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;636&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zK8uqaQOZuD5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;320&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zUGx2prLeC88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2029&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;183&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zbMeRYpQtGMf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;152&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_zW9cTz1aRhI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total lease payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,623&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_zdouHQ97Gft5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Less imputed interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(365&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total operating lease liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A8_zYqq53zJniPg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeasesTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_srt_MinimumMember"
      id="ixv-22563">P1Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_srt_MaximumMember"
      id="ixv-22564">P6Y</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseTermOfContract>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCostTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7369">&lt;p id="xdx_89A_eus-gaap--LeaseCostTableTextBlock_zJ8khxrPqJ23" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Supplemental
disclosures related to the Company&#x2019;s operating leases were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zREQSY14C7Kg" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related to the Company's Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20231101__20240131_zZw1M1BGZhta" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_zXlFT97Fac76" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240131_zEAlKcEkGeOe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zR4IUmgiEfj7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseCost_pn3n3_zLce3r2PSMzk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;734&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;799&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,492&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,566&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--ShortTermLeaseCost_pn3n3_zuJ9mFKL7Vei" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Short-term lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;259&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;459&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;528&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LeaseCost_pn3n3_zhCoyeIXDbV3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total lease cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;866&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,058&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,951&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;2,094&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_ze7Hsupevxfg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;824&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,515&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeasePayments_pn3n3_z1KBsOZJGKId" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Cash paid for amounts included
in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows from operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;724&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;824&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,515&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22565"
      unitRef="USD">734000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
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      id="ixv-22566"
      unitRef="USD">799000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost
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      id="ixv-22567"
      unitRef="USD">1492000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseCost>
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      id="ixv-22568"
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      id="ixv-22569"
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    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
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      id="ixv-22570"
      unitRef="USD">259000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22571"
      unitRef="USD">459000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22572"
      unitRef="USD">528000</us-gaap:ShortTermLeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22573"
      unitRef="USD">866000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22574"
      unitRef="USD">1058000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22575"
      unitRef="USD">1951000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:LeaseCost
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22576"
      unitRef="USD">2094000</us-gaap:LeaseCost>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22577"
      unitRef="USD">724000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22578"
      unitRef="USD">824000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22579"
      unitRef="USD">1515000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22580"
      unitRef="USD">1588000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22581"
      unitRef="USD">724000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22582"
      unitRef="USD">824000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22583"
      unitRef="USD">1515000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22584"
      unitRef="USD">1588000</us-gaap:OperatingLeasePayments>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7581">&lt;p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock_z4z31RgtXsPf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zsiLXyg7STP1" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Supplemental Disclosures Related Weighted Average Operating Leases&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Weighted-average remaining lease term-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20240131_zaadTYKmdpa5" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.6&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1_iI_dtY_c20230731_zha2U05dhDke" title="Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term"&gt;2.3&lt;/span&gt; years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Weighted-average discount rate-operating leases&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131_zfp5yEkKmnj3" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;4.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731_z00kFafsvLBj" title="Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent"&gt;3.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;%&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfSupplementalDisclosuresRelatedWeightedAverageOperatingLeasesTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31" id="ixv-22585">P2Y7M6D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1 contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31" id="ixv-22586">P2Y3M18D</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageRemainingLeaseTerm1>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22587"
      unitRef="Pure">0.043</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22588"
      unitRef="Pure">0.037</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseWeightedAverageDiscountRatePercent>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22589"
      unitRef="USD">900000</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22590"
      unitRef="USD">1700000</us-gaap:RightOfUseAssetObtainedInExchangeForOperatingLeaseLiability>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7648">&lt;p id="xdx_890_ecustom--ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock_zGKsqsEfDPO9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s aggregate operating lease liability was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zGCZW1f8YP09" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Aggregate Operating Lease Liability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 96%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20240131_zToZyCl00sql" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20230731_zNisLOJZtYnf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zcPPZrMTQAzj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in &#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20230731_zjSRhXwbuWOe" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrentStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleList_iI_dxL_c20240131_zTXGKpvpSj52" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherLiabilitiesCurrent"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1381"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1382"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;2,810&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;2,861&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_maOLLzDbj_zyPaLZhHoFL" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Operating lease liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,448&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iTI_pn3n3_mtOLLzDbj_zgknJEpLnlEb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,742&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfOperatingLeaseLiabilityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22591"
      unitRef="USD">2810000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22592"
      unitRef="USD">2861000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22593"
      unitRef="USD">2448000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22594"
      unitRef="USD">2881000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22595"
      unitRef="USD">5258000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22596"
      unitRef="USD">5742000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7726">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock_zqR9AHxxqDMh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Future
minimum maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zSORGLoXzmRf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Future Minimum Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20240131_z6lDh0Wfh2qg"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Twelve-month period ending January 31:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zuK3xHyR71ek" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 80%; text-align: left"&gt;2025&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;2,988&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zQeApMg7xr29" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2026&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,344&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zBWyE6Fuil2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2027&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;636&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zK8uqaQOZuD5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2028&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;320&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zUGx2prLeC88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;2029&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;183&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive_iI_pn3n3_maLOLLPzXtU_zbMeRYpQtGMf" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Thereafter&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"&gt;152&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue_iTI_pn3n3_mtLOLLPzXtU_zW9cTz1aRhI6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total lease payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,623&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount_iNI_pn3n3_di_zdouHQ97Gft5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Less imputed interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(365&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--OperatingLeaseLiability_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total operating lease liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,258&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityMaturityTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22597"
      unitRef="USD">2988000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueNextRollingTwelveMonths>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22598"
      unitRef="USD">1344000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearTwo>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22599"
      unitRef="USD">636000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearThree>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22600"
      unitRef="USD">320000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFour>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22601"
      unitRef="USD">183000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueInRollingYearFive>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22602"
      unitRef="USD">152000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterRollingYearFive>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22603"
      unitRef="USD">5623000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDue>
    <us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22604"
      unitRef="USD">365000</us-gaap:LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityUndiscountedExcessAmount>
    <us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22605"
      unitRef="USD">5258000</us-gaap:OperatingLeaseLiability>
    <us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7814">&lt;p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock_z1NwrowJC3gi" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
5&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_826_zThrMDgB6EO7"&gt;Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zNJcJQggVe98" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_z0xBWUlPEOOc" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20240131_zDCSJOsuNGd5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230731_zeO5AjFtIeIl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_zB8ASaaR4rJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;141,081&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;103,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_zcW8VW548Hlj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;93,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;95,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zJCoFW82SoZg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;234,312&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;198,823&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A7_zQBtzMs7ht8h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, restricted cash and cash equivalents included $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zDeVe89iWkki" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"&gt;88.2&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember_zZj9kb7x5uzl" title="Restricted cash and cash equivalents, current"&gt;87.3&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, in restricted
cash and cash equivalents for customer deposits held by IDT Financial Services. Certain of the electronic money financial services regulations
in Gibraltar require IDT Financial Services to safeguard cash held for customer deposits, segregate cash held for customer deposits from
any other cash that IDT Financial Services holds and utilize the cash only for the intended payment transaction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Company
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company treats unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services of New York, LLC, which
provide the Company&#x2019;s international money transfer services in the United States, as substantially restricted and unavailable for
other purposes. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, &#x201c;Cash and cash equivalents&#x201d; in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance
sheets included an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zQufZIA98OV3" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"&gt;39.8&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--IDTPaymentServicesMember_zF569fJThwb1" title="Cash and cash equivalents, at carrying value"&gt;20.6&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, held by IDT Payment Services, Inc. and IDT Payment Services
of New York, LLC, that was unavailable for other purposes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7820">&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfCashAndCashEquivalentsTableTextBlock_zNJcJQggVe98" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents reported in the consolidated
balance sheets that equals the total of the same amounts reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_z0xBWUlPEOOc" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20240131_zDCSJOsuNGd5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230731_zeO5AjFtIeIl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_zB8ASaaR4rJ3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;141,081&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;103,637&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3_maCCERCzDIV_zcW8VW548Hlj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;93,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;95,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents_iTI_pn3n3_mtCCERCzDIV_zJCoFW82SoZg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;234,312&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;198,823&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22607"
      unitRef="USD">103637000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22608"
      unitRef="USD">93231000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22609"
      unitRef="USD">95186000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22610"
      unitRef="USD">234312000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22611"
      unitRef="USD">198823000</us-gaap:CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalents>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember"
      decimals="-5"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTFinancialServicesLimitedMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22613"
      unitRef="USD">87300000</us-gaap:RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22614"
      unitRef="USD">39800000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_custom_IDTPaymentServicesMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22615"
      unitRef="USD">20600000</us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue>
    <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7919">&lt;p id="xdx_80A_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock_zjGyYVTQ4XR9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
6&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_826_zrHm1M8LKTKg"&gt;Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zCHVAmeE2ih6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zT5lguNwfU57" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Amortized Cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Gross Unrealized Gains&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Gross Unrealized Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31, 2024:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%"&gt;Certificates of deposit*&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zF5WW7G1FDu3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zEmgdBPy0Xua" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1437"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zHzNTuH2pzXe" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1439"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zTmaGi2fJ0xb" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zLiR28YLD4Vl" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;23,738&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn2qP7APNsaa" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zhQPO65ihnq2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(76&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zOcnPXEflcLg" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;23,674&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z4lHu0FhAhmk" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zFpzqYIebRXb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zjQgsJpLDMM4" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z0JI0obgJqR4" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,259&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zj2GoHcmoS0l" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ1qRamkMwv2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP8FzVbVNEw5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFMMbF2wmhC" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,526&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zElAFbXmoWwb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;31,860&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zhgzxsyWGBCb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131_z6AaFGcdAOQ2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(455&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zcfx4N64v1Ma" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;31,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2023:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit*&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____za0rZj6RTwWh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;4,080&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____znCkkzEmVgb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1477"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zSbet5qBiOfj" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zREJsteXDenh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;4,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5zsllvIvpEb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;31,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJ6gTSF74228" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1485"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zP63A4RJA4fg" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0xdwb8lbuGb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zrKDWFb4KQZ2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zBYO6MFkXeid" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1493"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zp2rtePjLTz" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zxnkoRUNEGAh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVR5kpMkQZjh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,912&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zutqnFZ8htoi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1501"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYpRyx4fTxY1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zGXBhyVnASc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,427&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zwXwiBwwZU1a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;43,059&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIyf6a0ZUMtj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1509"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zl5Ui1CPWjy" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zJydKqTjkMz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
  &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F0D_zlR6eEPiUBhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F13_zq3DLJ18GP8e" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Each of the Company&#x2019;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zbyBXZTUJcdb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
gross unrealized losses in the table above are recorded in &#x201c;Accumulated other comprehensive loss&#x201d; in the consolidated
balance sheets. As of January 31, 2024, the Company determined that the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates or
market liquidity and were not due to credit losses. In addition, as of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company did not
intend to sell any of the securities with unrealized losses, and it is not more likely than not that the Company
will be required to sell any of these securities before recovery of the unrealized losses, which may be at maturity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Proceeds
from maturities and sales of debt securities and redemptions of equity investments were $&lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20231101__20240131_z4G7wYugehE8" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;14.2&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20221101__20230131_zEB4aBLOS1zb" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;16.1&lt;/span&gt; million in the three
months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zIHiRAUbQ617" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;31.2&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfAvailableForSaleSecurities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zN8XsySzt99g" title="Proceeds from sale and maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale"&gt;27.5&lt;/span&gt; million in the six months ended January 31, 2024 and
2023, respectively. There were no realized gains or realized losses from sales of debt securities in the three and six months ended January
31, 2024 and 2023. The Company uses the specific identification method in computing the realized gains and realized losses on the sales
of debt securities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;
&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zmn4eE5A05v3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
contractual maturities of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2024 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_z3x2XOmstprf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240131_zL1QsLE2umUj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zyHIpBWXhC5f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;Within one year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 20%; text-align: right"&gt;23,087&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zfq38sRlTgWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After one year through five years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,496&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_ztgu87K5ropk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After five years through ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;808&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_z93UKn3krlH5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;After ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zKTH3XHYWCu1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;31,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zucYXZjOd0sh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zvecwng99B2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zqix8cCZSsl8" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Unrealized Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31, 2024:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zD5nDFkyDS06" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1538"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zCgBmbF7tyJ5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zwCFPXAeQpwh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;76&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5H2P3rJ00U1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;21,754&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zA4h2Cte10r2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zapKeFYjk0e1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;2,910&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zbXhBVhlxZB8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zKxGeIto0DB7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,384&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zKQB228zR9ha" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;455&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSmojKOYkL09" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;28,048&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2023:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zM2e1ZLdwBG3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zI4jNMOycrH3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zX7XhAwTmBH1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zxGFujR3YBJd" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNgXoIN47zui" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zJmY6r1lx6tb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zeB9rXFCEMYg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVLhkheY0e2c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,368&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zftZvel5ke92" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zTiGRVlXGwIh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;41,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AB_zQ53jE3Gzeu9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_896_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_zCJEbFMiFRc9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z0QZZhnaFmF2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Unrealized Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31, 2024:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zeCB6XyZ9cWh" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;63&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn1O57DZiUK2" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;2,837&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z69QmM3Vu0Fi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfBOvXuJGnkc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,384&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSUoJvwxdRBe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;439&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zHw4NVtzBXph" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,221&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2023:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zq5OGjF6KVG1" style="text-align: right"&gt;86&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zyP46hOJLtll" style="text-align: right"&gt;816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znOsba4Q9j1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;484&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ztM8fbTIJ40c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z58Q8qbupIvk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;570&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zjCtEVD8dVcb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;4,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zKc1dMgSQGol" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndMarketableEquitySecuritiesAndCertainTradingAssetsDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-7925">&lt;p id="xdx_890_eus-gaap--MarketableSecuritiesTextBlock_zCHVAmeE2ih6" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following is a summary of available-for-sale debt securities:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;span id="xdx_8B2_zT5lguNwfU57" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Amortized Cost&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Gross Unrealized Gains&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Gross Unrealized Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31, 2024:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 36%"&gt;Certificates of deposit*&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zF5WW7G1FDu3" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zEmgdBPy0Xua" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1437"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zHzNTuH2pzXe" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1439"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zTmaGi2fJ0xb" style="width: 12%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;960&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zLiR28YLD4Vl" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;23,738&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn2qP7APNsaa" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zhQPO65ihnq2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(76&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zOcnPXEflcLg" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;23,674&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z4lHu0FhAhmk" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,261&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zFpzqYIebRXb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zjQgsJpLDMM4" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_z0JI0obgJqR4" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,259&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zj2GoHcmoS0l" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,901&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zQ1qRamkMwv2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zP8FzVbVNEw5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zFMMbF2wmhC" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,526&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zElAFbXmoWwb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;31,860&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zhgzxsyWGBCb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;14&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131_z6AaFGcdAOQ2" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(455&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zcfx4N64v1Ma" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;31,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2023:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit*&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____za0rZj6RTwWh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;4,080&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____znCkkzEmVgb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1477"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zSbet5qBiOfj" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_fKg_____zREJsteXDenh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;4,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5zsllvIvpEb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;31,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zJ6gTSF74228" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1485"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zP63A4RJA4fg" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z0xdwb8lbuGb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zrKDWFb4KQZ2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,881&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zBYO6MFkXeid" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1493"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zp2rtePjLTz" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zxnkoRUNEGAh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVR5kpMkQZjh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;3,912&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zutqnFZ8htoi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1501"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zYpRyx4fTxY1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zGXBhyVnASc7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;3,427&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAmortizedCostBasis_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zwXwiBwwZU1a" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost"&gt;43,059&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedGainBeforeTax_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zIyf6a0ZUMtj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1509"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleDebtSecuritiesAccumulatedGrossUnrealizedLossBeforeTax_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731_zl5Ui1CPWjy" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax"&gt;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zJydKqTjkMz4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top"&gt;
  &lt;td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F0D_zlR6eEPiUBhc" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F13_zq3DLJ18GP8e" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Each of the Company&#x2019;s certificates of deposit has a CUSIP,
was purchased in the secondary market through a broker and may be sold in the secondary market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;


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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
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      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22651"
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      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22652"
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      id="ixv-22653"
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    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-8254">&lt;p id="xdx_89E_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock_zmn4eE5A05v3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
contractual maturities of the Company&#x2019;s available-for-sale debt securities at January 31, 2024 were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_z3x2XOmstprf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Available-for-sale Debt Securities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 70%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20240131_zL1QsLE2umUj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDz3sI_maAFSSDzAdz_zyHIpBWXhC5f" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 76%; text-align: left"&gt;Within one year&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 20%; text-align: right"&gt;23,087&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_zfq38sRlTgWg" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After one year through five years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,496&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_ztgu87K5ropk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;After five years through ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;808&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue_iI_pn3n3_maAFSSDzAdz_z93UKn3krlH5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;After ten years&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;28&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iTI_pn3n3_mtAFSSDzAdz_zKTH3XHYWCu1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;31,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22654"
      unitRef="USD">23087000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesWithinOneYearFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22655"
      unitRef="USD">7496000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterOneThroughFiveYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22656"
      unitRef="USD">808000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterFiveThroughTenYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22657"
      unitRef="USD">28000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesAfterTenYearsFairValue>
    <us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22658"
      unitRef="USD">31419000</us-gaap:AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-8320">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionFairValueTableTextBlock_zvecwng99B2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position for which other-than-temporary impairments were not
recognized:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zqix8cCZSsl8" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities, Unrealized Loss Position&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Unrealized Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31, 2024:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zD5nDFkyDS06" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1538"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zCgBmbF7tyJ5" style="width: 14%; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1540"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zwCFPXAeQpwh" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;76&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_z5H2P3rJ00U1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;21,754&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zA4h2Cte10r2" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zapKeFYjk0e1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;2,910&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zbXhBVhlxZB8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zKxGeIto0DB7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,384&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zKQB228zR9ha" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;455&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSmojKOYkL09" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;28,048&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2023:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt"&gt;Certificates of deposit&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zM2e1ZLdwBG3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CertificatesOfDepositMember_zI4jNMOycrH3" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,356&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zX7XhAwTmBH1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;148&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zxGFujR3YBJd" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Government sponsored enterprise notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zNgXoIN47zui" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember_zJmY6r1lx6tb" style="text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,873&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zeB9rXFCEMYg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;485&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zVLhkheY0e2c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;3,368&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zftZvel5ke92" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss"&gt;645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zTiGRVlXGwIh" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position"&gt;41,635&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
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      unitRef="USD">76000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22661"
      unitRef="USD">3000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22663"
      unitRef="USD">376000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22664"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22665"
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      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22666"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22667"
      unitRef="USD">4000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CertificatesOfDepositMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22668"
      unitRef="USD">3356000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22669"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22670"
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22671"
      unitRef="USD">8000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22672"
      unitRef="USD">3873000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22673"
      unitRef="USD">485000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22674"
      unitRef="USD">3368000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22675"
      unitRef="USD">645000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPositionAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22676"
      unitRef="USD">41635000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleUnrealizedLossPosition>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-8498">&lt;p id="xdx_896_ecustom--ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock_zCJEbFMiFRc9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following available-for-sale debt securities included in the table above were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months
or longer:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z0QZZhnaFmF2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position for 12 Months or Longer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Unrealized Losses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Fair Value&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31, 2024:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zeCB6XyZ9cWh" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;63&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zn1O57DZiUK2" style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;2,837&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_z69QmM3Vu0Fi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_zfBOvXuJGnkc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,384&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zSUoJvwxdRBe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;439&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20240131_zHw4NVtzBXph" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,221&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31, 2023:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;U.S. Treasury bills and notes&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zq5OGjF6KVG1" style="text-align: right"&gt;86&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember_zyP46hOJLtll" style="text-align: right"&gt;816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Corporate bonds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_znOsba4Q9j1d" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;484&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--InformationByCategoryOfDebtSecurityAxis__us-gaap--CorporateBondSecuritiesMember_ztM8fbTIJ40c" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,299&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_z58Q8qbupIvk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;570&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger_iI_pn3n3_c20230731_zjCtEVD8dVcb" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;4,115&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfUnrealizedLossOnInvestmentTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22677"
      unitRef="USD">63000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_USTreasuryBillSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22678"
      unitRef="USD">2837000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22679"
      unitRef="USD">376000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31_us-gaap_CorporateBondSecuritiesMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22680"
      unitRef="USD">3384000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22681"
      unitRef="USD">439000</us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLongerAccumulatedLoss>
    <us-gaap:DebtSecuritiesAvailableForSaleContinuousUnrealizedLossPosition12MonthsOrLonger
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22682"
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    <us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-8638">&lt;p id="xdx_803_eus-gaap--InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock_zbs4WVLKbrr8" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
7&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_820_zQEjxppTbMa1"&gt;Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zgw9C8NZlcMf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
investments consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z9N2rwRw2pV6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49E_20240131_z1ofF8kgkfva" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49D_20230731_zIY7YW3vaVR5" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zyyEvJFaX0Vk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_901_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zL0M0UjYQZCi" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90D_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zpcKHVIqUPzb" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;42,282&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;138&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;89&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zE84L0Xd953g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_906_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zkLOnj5mFl0d" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90F_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zK2dVJ2nIj54" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;278,810&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;505&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;558&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z5q7dcPFxNBa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other marketable equity securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;188&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,497&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zHoceMKrY2X2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Fixed income mutual funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,245&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,054&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_z16GJR1hh4C1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Current equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zG08e3bPOxy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series C Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_z97CpTGAfcW8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Convertible preferred stock&#x2014;equity method investment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,932&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zjjwr8leD4Nl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Hedge funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,951&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_ztZqB4qfsbLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,225&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zlHDxCEODoc2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Noncurrent equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;7,558&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;9,874&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zVPTpQCLrNKf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Howard
S. Jonas, the Chairman of the Company and the Chairman of the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors, is also the Vice-Chairman of the Board
of Directors of Zedge, Inc. and the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Executive Chairman of Rafael Holdings, Inc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zuN4KxqhKwcj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z3V3W4RfRib6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231101__20240131_zGTeBYi8Jjid" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_zoK9idOUW4pl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240131_zOfh4NkhwwQ8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zaPi1RzyPmWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_z408mkDqlxoh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,747&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,474&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,501&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_zZus1iL0V0Oe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;202&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;120&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;93&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zTAqKHflOfdd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Upward adjustment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1646"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1647"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1649"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zOlDOLFkET3h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Redemption&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1652"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1654"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z4T7oWdwBCk9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Impairments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1656"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1657"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1658"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1659"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zMrQhUgDn8g3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,719&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,719&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_zXRPqsY1NZCk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company increased the carrying value of the shares of Visa Series C Preferred it held based on the fair value of Visa Class
A common stock, including a discount for lack of current marketability, which is classified as &#x201c;Adjustment for observable transactions
involving a similar investment from the same issuer&#x201d; in the table above. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Regal
Bancorp by SR Bancorp, the Company received cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn5n6_c20231201__20231231__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RegalBancorpMember_ziNgv9K64pd6" title="Cash"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million in December 2023 in exchange for its shares of Regal Bancorp common
stock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zQSOGmCID7dc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair
value included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zJPbwG8eenm7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20231101__20240131_zXjAHt0mErB8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20221101__20230131_zLh4gDKOJxq" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230801__20240131_z6mwGxvqAnm1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220801__20230131_zxf0ymjgI937" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zPC9AWsCEw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;715&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(202&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,169&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zWGpIbddOJva" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1675"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zqIT1G639A88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;715&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(250&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(2,187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20231101__20240131_zI5FMAbEboGg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20221101__20230131_zG6nQjDbJyX2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240131_zLfDm9khwr2g" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zXFeShIic3q3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract_iB_pn3n3_zHGLp3znQsM9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zhOtQr1wWbz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Rafael Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;82&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(53&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_z9Tkf1aQrx4k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Zedge Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;57&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zw2colt9Tk89" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;715&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(250&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(2,187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A8_zm7pjT8ndm6g" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Equity
Method Investment &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has an investment in shares of convertible preferred stock of a communications company (the equity method investee, or &#x201c;EMI&#x201d;).
As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s ownership was &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20240131__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zb9vKKkhzsDb"&gt;33.4&lt;/span&gt;% and &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage_iI_pid_dp_uPure_c20230731__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EquityMethodInvestmentMember_zAhU5hxwoxvi"&gt;33.3&lt;/span&gt;%, respectively, of the EMI&#x2019;s outstanding
shares on an as converted basis. The Company accounts for this investment using the equity method since the Company can exercise significant
influence over the operating and financial policies of the EMI but does not have a controlling interest.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company determined that on the dates of the acquisitions of the EMI&#x2019;s shares, there were differences between its investment in
the EMI and its proportional interest in the equity of the EMI of an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquity_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zIAhCFV1maA8" title="Equity method investment, aggregate cost"&gt;8.2&lt;/span&gt; million, which represented the share of the EMI&#x2019;s
customer list on the dates of the acquisitions attributed to the Company&#x2019;s interest in the EMI. &lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment_c20230801__20240131_zXPzwpjYTel9" title="Equity method investment, description"&gt;These basis differences are being
amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list.&lt;/span&gt; In the accompanying consolidated statements of income, amortization of
equity method basis difference is included in the equity in the net loss of investee, which is recorded in &#x201c;Other income (expense), net&#x201d; (see Note 17).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
February 2024, each of the EMI&#x2019;s shareholders (including the Company) agreed to purchase additional shares of the EMI&#x2019;s
convertible preferred stock. The Company paid $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240201__20240229__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zrPMUp97pEu2" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt;
million in February 2024 and is committed to pay $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn5n6_c20240301__20240331__srt--ScheduleOfEquityMethodInvestmentEquityMethodInvesteeNameAxis__custom--EMIPreferredStockMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zUBpTjkx1Pv3" title="Purchase of convertible preferred stock"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;
million in March 2024 to purchase the additional shares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zzDgfiNmelPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s equity method investment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zxhP2B6JcHr5" style="display: none"&gt;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z7UL09JMA105" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_znVVfOA9gMBi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230801__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zGEnTCntUJFf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zvMiFuA7RiPb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,444&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_zXUlYHzZ6Oge" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Purchase of convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;336&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1723"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1725"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zFaW1FDiG3pi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in the net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(506&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(542&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,012&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zOOqVP8MCQo1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Amortization of equity method basis difference&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(342&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(685&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(363&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iE_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zHv8jY07S0wa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,932&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,932&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zjjs7zZKOugc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zRmMJmqFMA8a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zFt4TnDfeBK1" style="display: none"&gt;Summary of Statements of Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z0BEVV69DHZc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS8NfVkWJPu5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230801__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zmTtMbUdlyof" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zyId4ACRdcZj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_zYD7dlRRYYjc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;5,087&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,818&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;7,821&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;3,691&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Costs and expenses:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_pn3n3_zYKLvvSYYTRa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,085&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;6,482&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_pn3n3_zvaioTfCIW89" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Selling, general and administrative&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,385&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,772&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,570&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,408&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--OperatingExpenses_pn3n3_zmr2L7orsHB6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total costs and expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,470&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,307&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;11,052&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,636&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--OperatingIncomeLoss_pn3n3_z99v3GNa19f8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Loss from operations&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,383&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,489&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_pn3n3_z7WS3EhdFAki" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other expense, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1769"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(498&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1771"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(842&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--ProfitLoss_pn3n3_zX4zBj8rVtr5" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(1,383&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(1,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(3,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(3,787&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A2_zHhkFDZBLBli" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:InvestmentsInDebtAndEquityInstrumentsCashAndCashEquivalentsUnrealizedAndRealizedGainsLossesTextBlock>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-8644">&lt;p id="xdx_897_ecustom--ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zgw9C8NZlcMf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Equity
investments consist of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BB_z9N2rwRw2pV6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 93%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49E_20240131_z1ofF8kgkfva" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49D_20230731_zIY7YW3vaVR5" style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_404_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zyyEvJFaX0Vk" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 64%; text-align: left"&gt;Zedge, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_901_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zL0M0UjYQZCi" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90D_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--ZedgeIncMember_zpcKHVIqUPzb" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;42,282&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;138&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 14%; text-align: right"&gt;89&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zE84L0Xd953g" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Rafael Holdings, Inc. Class B common stock, &lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_906_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zkLOnj5mFl0d" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;&lt;span class="xdx_phnt_RGlzY2xvc3VyZSAtIFNjaGVkdWxlIG9mIEVxdWl0eSBJbnZlc3RtZW50cyAoRGV0YWlscykgKFBhcmVudGhldGljYWwpAA__" id="xdx_90F_ecustom--NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived_pid_c20220801__20230731__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--RafaelHoldingsIncMember_zK2dVJ2nIj54" title="Number of related party shares received"&gt;278,810&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shares at January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;505&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;558&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__custom--OtherMarketableEquitySecuritiesMember_z5q7dcPFxNBa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other marketable equity securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;188&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,497&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--MutualFundMember_zHoceMKrY2X2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Fixed income mutual funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,245&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,054&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNi_iI_pn3n3_z16GJR1hh4C1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Current equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;5,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--VisaIncMember_zG08e3bPOxy1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Visa Inc. Series C Convertible Participating Preferred Stock (&#x201c;Visa Series C Preferred&#x201d;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--ConvertiblePreferredStockMember_z97CpTGAfcW8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Convertible preferred stock&#x2014;equity method investment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,932&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--HedgeFundsMember_zjjwr8leD4Nl" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Hedge funds&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,951&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,002&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--InvestmentTypeAxis__us-gaap--OtherInvestmentsMember_ztZqB4qfsbLc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,225&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,825&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--LongTermInvestments_iI_pn3n3_zlHDxCEODoc2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Noncurrent equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;7,558&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;9,874&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</IDT:ScheduleOfEquityInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
    <IDT:NumberOfRelatedPartySharesReceived
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22689"
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-07-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_ZedgeIncMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22690"
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    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
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      id="ixv-22703"
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    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
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    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
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      id="ixv-22706"
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    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22707"
      unitRef="USD">2951000</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22708"
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      id="ixv-22709"
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      id="ixv-22710"
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    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
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      id="ixv-22711"
      unitRef="USD">7558000</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:LongTermInvestments
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22712"
      unitRef="USD">9874000</us-gaap:LongTermInvestments>
    <us-gaap:EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-8835">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueTableTextBlock_zuN4KxqhKwcj" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
changes in the carrying value of the Company&#x2019;s equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company
elected the measurement alternative was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BD_z3V3W4RfRib6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Carrying Value of Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231101__20240131_zGTeBYi8Jjid" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20221101__20230131_zoK9idOUW4pl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20230801__20240131_zOfh4NkhwwQ8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zaPi1RzyPmWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iS_pn3n3_z408mkDqlxoh" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,747&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,474&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,632&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,501&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--AdjustmentForObservableTransactionsInvolvingSimilarInvestmentFromSameIssuer_pn3n3_zZus1iL0V0Oe" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Adjustment for observable transactions involving a similar investment from the same issuer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;202&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;120&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;93&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueUpwardPriceAdjustmentAnnualAmount_pn3n3_zTAqKHflOfdd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Upward adjustment&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1646"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1647"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1649"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueRedemptionsAmount_pn3n3_zOlDOLFkET3h" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Redemption&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1652"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(230&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1654"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueImpairmentLossAnnualAmount_pn3n3_z4T7oWdwBCk9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Impairments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1656"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1657"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1658"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1659"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesWithoutReadilyDeterminableFairValueAmount_iE_pn3n3_zMrQhUgDn8g3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,719&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,719&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,594&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-9037">&lt;p id="xdx_895_eus-gaap--UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock_zQSOGmCID7dc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) for all equity investments measured at fair
value included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zJPbwG8eenm7" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Unrealized Gains (losses) Gains for All Equity Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20231101__20240131_zXjAHt0mErB8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20221101__20230131_zLh4gDKOJxq" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20230801__20240131_z6mwGxvqAnm1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20220801__20230131_zxf0ymjgI937" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiGainLoss_pn3n3_zPC9AWsCEw2" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; text-align: left"&gt;Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;715&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(202&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,169&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_ecustom--EquitySecuritiesFvNiRecognizedGainLossNetOnEquitySecuritiesRedeemed_pn3n3_zWGpIbddOJva" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Less: net gains recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1675"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;130&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zqIT1G639A88" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;715&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(250&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(2,187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
unrealized gains and losses for all equity investments measured at fair value in the table above included the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20231101__20240131_zI5FMAbEboGg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20221101__20230131_zG6nQjDbJyX2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20230801__20240131_zLfDm9khwr2g" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zXFeShIic3q3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLossAbstract_iB_pn3n3_zHGLp3znQsM9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--RafaelClassBCommonStockMember_zhOtQr1wWbz" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Rafael Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;82&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;(53&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_hus-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__custom--ZedgeClassBCommonStockMember_z9Tkf1aQrx4k" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Zedge Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;57&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;49&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(24&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--EquitySecuritiesFvNiUnrealizedGainLoss_pn3n3_zw2colt9Tk89" style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Unrealized losses recognized during the period on equity investments still held at the reporting date&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;715&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(250&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(332&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(2,187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:UnrealizedGainLossOnInvestmentsTableTextBlock>
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      id="ixv-22733"
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentOwnershipPercentage
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amortized over the 6-year estimated life of the customer list.</us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentDifferenceBetweenCarryingAmountAndUnderlyingEquityAccountingTreatment>
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      contextRef="From2024-02-012024-02-29_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
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      contextRef="From2024-03-012024-03-31_custom_EMIPreferredStockMember_us-gaap_SubsequentEventMember"
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    <us-gaap:EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-9356">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestmentsTextBlock_zzDgfiNmelPk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s equity method investment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B3_zxhP2B6JcHr5" style="display: none"&gt;Summary of Changes in Equity Method Investments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z7UL09JMA105" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49D_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_znVVfOA9gMBi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20230801__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zGEnTCntUJFf" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zvMiFuA7RiPb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--EquityMethodInvestments_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,444&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;2,784&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,001&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--PaymentsToAcquireEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_zXUlYHzZ6Oge" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Purchase of convertible preferred stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;336&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1723"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,009&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1725"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zFaW1FDiG3pi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in the net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(506&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(542&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,012&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_ecustom--AmortizationOfEquityMethodBasisDifference_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zOOqVP8MCQo1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Amortization of equity method basis difference&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(342&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(181&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(685&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(363&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,932&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,932&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(374&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    <IDT:EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-9530">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_ecustom--EquityMethodInvestmentSummarizedStatementsOfOperationsTableTextBlock_zRmMJmqFMA8a" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Summarized
financial information of the EMI was as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B6_zFt4TnDfeBK1" style="display: none"&gt;Summary of Statements of Operations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_z0BEVV69DHZc" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zS8NfVkWJPu5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49F_20230801__20240131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zmTtMbUdlyof" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131__us-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--EquityMethodInvesteeMember_zyId4ACRdcZj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_405_eus-gaap--Revenues_zYD7dlRRYYjc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 36%"&gt;Revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;5,087&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;1,818&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;7,821&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 12%; text-align: right"&gt;3,691&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Costs and expenses:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--CostOfGoodsAndServiceExcludingDepreciationDepletionAndAmortization_pn3n3_zYKLvvSYYTRa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Direct cost of revenues&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,085&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,535&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;6,482&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;3,228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_pn3n3_zvaioTfCIW89" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Selling, general and administrative&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2,385&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;1,772&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;4,570&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,408&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6,636&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(3,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(498&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1771"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(842&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Net loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(1,383&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(1,987&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(3,231&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(3,787&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    <us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-9801">&lt;p id="xdx_808_eus-gaap--FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock_zsoKNEKd5Li3" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
8&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_825_z8tLY75laHvd"&gt;Fair Value Measurements&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zrS55N6NhHSl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zj1DhWp2yHgf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
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    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Level 1 &lt;span id="xdx_F5E_zApQAFrZ5Pw3"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Level 2 &lt;span id="xdx_F5D_z96gSLfFUHb1"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Level 3 &lt;span id="xdx_F5D_zILMKjqafOb4"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;January 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
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    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z0QFZ72xYht4" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;23,674&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zRa3enSqXuW1" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;7,745&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zDtrcDn40V97" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1787"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTNePxDrDCng" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;31,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zjXqgAHZQM85" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z9PUQZGCeeD6" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1793"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zZjb1gjvHjzd" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVx2jujGDnS7" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z630FrmJoN9h" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1799"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z1QG94pikfN2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zYajMIaOtDS8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zPuHYz3RUQ73" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zmRh3Z76dmsj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;28,750&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zb0l4uFAHYt" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;8,745&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zwdbWBHbnZZk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpcbGD3ZhSra" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;38,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z23AhUrgTCai" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1815"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zkT1dHx7Qwti" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1817"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGnknwTi519j" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(1,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zrnGi0EeO2ne" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(1,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zhB964xHEVei" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6CqidrNjvug" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1825"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zHozaiExpTHh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,572&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zE4IFOOUSPGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,572&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_znUBtNvLTWlf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zfRohAY7DsT9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1833"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z63FJUEJd184" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1p05SBkynkc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Debt securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zL71U1F1Dm9a" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zcKgoNisuanl" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;11,376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z5peHavt5iyj" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1843"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zlGKWjPYnaI1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcpwfqRIhyDk" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zvwSLshzWj12" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1849"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z8w8hPsfEa5j" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z25u7esSuOyi" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkZVZ8saFVIa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1855"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6O5UK8f9nWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGq3wLD9nAd5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zylH9MYjwdT8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;3,763&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBx96jWPbld4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;37,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuHiqBRjCbQg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;13,876&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgLAaS7tvs28" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1OFSRifQC61" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;52,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWG64daOnRg1" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1871"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zv6wluUjzPGi" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1873"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_ziStAPwX8Pbb" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zsUSVdk2vVMa" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zMMFhHPoFiGk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zULqXoRATzG2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1881"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zwETakUHM5ge" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx25VkDuRxd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zutCSbmGA6W8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1887"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zG5WMXaBWCw5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1889"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zLsTN6ZG0INl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zisCbmVZgQCc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F07_zprwJ39Tojg2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F12_znq5wOE4T4Bg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F0B_zoRBPVRHTDKf" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F15_zXSizszRkzB" style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; observable
inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F06_z8dIU8MW9Qd7" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_F13_zHNwBfOIbCrl" style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; no observable
pricing inputs in the market&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_z9apR3tTnBBh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
both January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company had $&lt;span id="xdx_90E_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zGHTRYd0rwE6"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--InvestmentInHedgeFunds_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_z2zJQ72lpos9"&gt;3.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million in investments in hedge funds, which were included in noncurrent
&#x201c;Equity investments&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company&#x2019;s investments in hedge funds were
accounted for using the equity method, therefore they were not measured at fair value.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zTBusqvuVbwg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zp6Ng28qGWae" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_498_20231101__20240131_zAzeJMH7RHak" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20221101__20230131_zgIn3I40nmz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240131_zx5LsI1Lc7fg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230131_zhvKhth19LEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;1,248&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;1,105&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;1,132&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1_pn3n3_zMBokHnwWgAj" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Total gains included in &#x201c;Other income (expense), net&#x201d;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;202&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;120&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;187&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;93&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, end of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,225&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,225&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_z4FHmMT0uJs6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1917"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1918"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1919"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1920"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A1_zYMQmEqZOGW3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zwImc8wDQe1h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zKYEkLkFMaH2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20231101__20240131_z0dnvukhKo5j" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20221101__20230131_z6kzqQVsN9G2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230801__20240131_zHX6O4IspbOd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230131_zfOmdFnY9NF7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;4,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;6,603&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;8,546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_iN_pn3n3_di_z0lDwh1Yp3ha" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1929"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1930"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(214&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total (gains) losses included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_iN_di_zn3aDKCcg4P3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt; &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20231101__20240131_zVQff6A5NAb7" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20221101__20230131_z3gTY4H0LRIh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240131_zyO01mW6Uzti" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230131_zGAH1wIorhqa" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_910_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_zSj0mqIphfH8"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1938"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1939"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1940"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1941"&gt;Other operating (expense) gain, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1935"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,565&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInOtherComprehensiveIncome_iN_di_znJXHE2M5pQd" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt; &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20231101__20240131_zy3vIFfxRilf" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20221101__20230131_zgr5DjUFkc4e" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240131_ztOiziOTMhwk" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfOtherComprehensiveIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230131_zZHcILpQdmc3" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax"&gt;&#x201c;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1948"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1949"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1950"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1951"&gt;Foreign currency translation adjustment&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iE_pn3n3_zHsMPmTwV854" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, end of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;4,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,609&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;4,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,609&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_ziE8nZNp2oha" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1958"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1959"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1960"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1961"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zfIKUWACVUvl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid
an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131_zcRIOJWxo7t6" title="Payment for contingent consideration"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--PaymentForContingentConsiderationLiabilityInvestingActivities_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131_zDoF3pBtSzXe" title="Payment for contingent consideration"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, for contingent consideration related to prior acquisitions. In addition,
in January 2024, the Company determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration payment related to an acquisition in a prior
period would not be met, and, in September 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a portion of the contingent consideration
payments related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. The Company recognized gains on the write-off of these contingent consideration
payment obligations, which were included in &#x201c;Other operating (expense) gain, net&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements
of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fair
Value of Other Financial Instruments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
estimated fair value of the Company&#x2019;s other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate
valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting these data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently,
the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cash
and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities. &lt;/i&gt;At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value because of the short period of time to maturity. The fair value estimates for cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
and cash equivalents were classified as Level 1 and settlement assets, other current assets, customer deposits, settlement liabilities,
and other current liabilities were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Other
assets and other liabilities. &lt;/i&gt;At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the carrying amount of these assets and liabilities approximated
fair value. The fair values were estimated based on the Company&#x2019;s assumptions, which were classified as Level 3 of the fair value
hierarchy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:FairValueDisclosuresTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-9807">&lt;p id="xdx_89D_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfFairValueAssetsAndLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisTableTextBlock_zrS55N6NhHSl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B0_zj1DhWp2yHgf" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Balance of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Level 1 &lt;span id="xdx_F5E_zApQAFrZ5Pw3"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Level 2 &lt;span id="xdx_F5D_z96gSLfFUHb1"&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Level 3 &lt;span id="xdx_F5D_zILMKjqafOb4"&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;January 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Debt securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z0QFZ72xYht4" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;23,674&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zRa3enSqXuW1" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;7,745&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zDtrcDn40V97" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1787"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_980_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zTNePxDrDCng" style="width: 10%; text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;31,419&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zjXqgAHZQM85" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z9PUQZGCeeD6" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1793"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zZjb1gjvHjzd" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1795"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zVx2jujGDnS7" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;5,076&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z630FrmJoN9h" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1799"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z1QG94pikfN2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zYajMIaOtDS8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zPuHYz3RUQ73" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zmRh3Z76dmsj" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;28,750&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zb0l4uFAHYt" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;8,745&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zwdbWBHbnZZk" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zpcbGD3ZhSra" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;38,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_z23AhUrgTCai" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1815"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_981_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zkT1dHx7Qwti" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1817"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGnknwTi519j" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(1,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zrnGi0EeO2ne" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(1,945&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zhB964xHEVei" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1823"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6CqidrNjvug" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1825"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zHozaiExpTHh" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,572&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zE4IFOOUSPGj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,572&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_znUBtNvLTWlf" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1831"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zfRohAY7DsT9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1833"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z63FJUEJd184" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_985_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20240131__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1p05SBkynkc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Debt securities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zL71U1F1Dm9a" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;31,038&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zcKgoNisuanl" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;11,376&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z5peHavt5iyj" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1843"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtSecurities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zlGKWjPYnaI1" style="text-align: right" title="Debt securities"&gt;42,414&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity investments included in current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zcpwfqRIhyDk" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zvwSLshzWj12" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1849"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_987_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_z8w8hPsfEa5j" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1851"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsCurrentAsset_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z25u7esSuOyi" style="text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in current assets"&gt;6,198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Equity investments included in noncurrent assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zkZVZ8saFVIa" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1855"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_984_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_z6O5UK8f9nWd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;2,500&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zGq3wLD9nAd5" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_ecustom--EquityInvestmentsNoncurrentAssets_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zylH9MYjwdT8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Equity investments included in noncurrent assets"&gt;3,763&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zBx96jWPbld4" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;37,236&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zuHiqBRjCbQg" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;13,876&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zgLAaS7tvs28" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--InvestmentsFairValueDisclosure_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_z1OFSRifQC61" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Total"&gt;52,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Acquisition consideration included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Other current liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zWG64daOnRg1" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1871"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zv6wluUjzPGi" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1873"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_ziStAPwX8Pbb" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityCurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zsUSVdk2vVMa" style="text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other current liabilities"&gt;(2,032&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other noncurrent liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_989_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zMMFhHPoFiGk" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1879"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_982_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zULqXoRATzG2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1881"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_983_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zwETakUHM5ge" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationLiabilityNoncurrent_iNI_pn3n3_di_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zbx25VkDuRxd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other noncurrent liabilities"&gt;(2,773&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 20pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel1Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDEp_zutCSbmGA6W8" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1887"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98A_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel2Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDIp_zG5WMXaBWCw5" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1889"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis__us-gaap--FairValueInputsLevel3Member__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_fKDMp_zLsTN6ZG0INl" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_ecustom--ContingentConsiderationIncludedInOtherLiabilities_iI_pn3n3_c20230731__us-gaap--FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis__us-gaap--FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember_zisCbmVZgQCc" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Acquisition consideration included in other liabilities"&gt;(4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
&lt;td style="width: 15pt; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F07_zprwJ39Tojg2" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 5pt"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_F12_znq5wOE4T4Bg" style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#x2013; quoted
prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 6pt; width: 100%"&gt;&lt;tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"&gt;
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&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-10348">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zTBusqvuVbwg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
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significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zp6Ng28qGWae" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
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    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20221101__20230131_zgIn3I40nmz6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20230801__20240131_zx5LsI1Lc7fg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20220801__20230131_zhvKhth19LEg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue_iE_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, end of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,225&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,450&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,225&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--FairValueAssetsMeasuredOnRecurringBasisChangeInUnrealizedGainLoss_z4FHmMT0uJs6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1917"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1918"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1919"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1920"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      unitRef="USD">1132000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
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      id="ixv-22845"
      unitRef="USD">202000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
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      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
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      unitRef="USD">120000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
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      id="ixv-22847"
      unitRef="USD">187000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22848"
      unitRef="USD">93000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetGainLossIncludedInEarnings1>
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      unitRef="USD">1450000</us-gaap:FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetValue>
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      contextRef="AsOf2023-01-31"
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      id="ixv-22852"
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    <us-gaap:FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-10524">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--FairValueLiabilitiesMeasuredOnRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationTextBlock_zwImc8wDQe1h" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the change in the balance of the Company&#x2019;s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B4_zKYEkLkFMaH2" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20231101__20240131_z0dnvukhKo5j" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20221101__20230131_z6kzqQVsN9G2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230801__20240131_zHX6O4IspbOd" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_499_20220801__20230131_zfOmdFnY9NF7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationsRecurringBasisLiabilityValue_iS_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Balance, beginning of period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;4,588&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;6,603&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;4,805&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;8,546&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilitySettlements_iN_pn3n3_di_z0lDwh1Yp3ha" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Payments&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1929"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1930"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(214&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Total (gains) losses included in:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisLiabilityGainLossIncludedInEarnings_iN_di_zn3aDKCcg4P3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt; &lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20231101__20240131_zVQff6A5NAb7" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20221101__20230131_z3gTY4H0LRIh" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20230801__20240131_zyO01mW6Uzti" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--FairValueRecurringBasisUnobservableInputReconciliationLiabilityGainLossStatementOfIncomeExtensibleList_dxL_c20220801__20230131_zGAH1wIorhqa" title="::XDX::http%3A%2F%2Ffasb.org%2Fus-gaap%2F2023%23OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet"&gt;&#x201c;&lt;span id="xdx_910_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_zSj0mqIphfH8"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1938"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1939"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1940"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1941"&gt;Other operating (expense) gain, net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#x201d;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1935"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,565&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,609&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;4,517&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;6,609&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for liabilities held at the end of the period&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1958"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1959"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1960"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl1961"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-10807">&lt;p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock_zuk9b9MROO09" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
9&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_829_zjGer7MgGJme"&gt;Variable Interest Entity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (&#x201c;VIE&#x201d;) that operates money transfer businesses. The Company
determined that, effective May 31, 2021, it had the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic
performance, and the Company has the obligation to absorb losses of and the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially
be significant to it. As a result, the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company does not currently own any interest in the VIE and thus
the net income incurred by the VIE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_z84HkGSCen2i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The VIE&#x2019;s net (loss) income and aggregate funding provided by
(repaid to) the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zNLbUvaKflQi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Net (Loss) Income and Aggregate Funding to the Company by VIE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230801__20240131_zN8wiSzk4Mq7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230131_zNfeybEy6cpi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
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    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zyNVhUvZs9o1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Net (loss) income of the VIE&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(107&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;165&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_z04s7Kmox2g7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;87&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A7_zoD078wJg7Tg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_895_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_z5MZj5UUlh45" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zkvY3vZMTbg5" style="display: none"&gt;VIE&#x2019;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20240131__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zTFLji1i5pud" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20230731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zjDW1zqsXVZe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;2,394&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,596&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,934&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts receivable, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;90&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_iI_pn3n3_z8NloJHeg4ai" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Disbursement prefunding&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,056&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prepaid expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;323&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;197&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;166&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other intangibles, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;661&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;9,879&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;11,614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Liabilities and noncontrolling interests:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;11&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2011"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;334&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_zByAe4mSKrB" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Settlement liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,336&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,573&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zgRcUmqY1bA4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Due to the Company&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive income&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;37&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Noncontrolling interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,898&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,924&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;9,879&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;11,614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AE_zhlf2QqLTrV4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s assets may only be used to settle the VIE&#x2019;s obligations and may not be used for other consolidated entities. The VIE&#x2019;s
liabilities are non-recourse to the general credit of the Company&#x2019;s other consolidated entities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:VariableInterestEntityDisclosureTextBlock>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-10817">&lt;p id="xdx_891_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock_z84HkGSCen2i" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The VIE&#x2019;s net (loss) income and aggregate funding provided by
(repaid to) the Company were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BC_zNLbUvaKflQi" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Net (Loss) Income and Aggregate Funding to the Company by VIE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20231101__20240131_zG5LAqwczeZi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20221101__20230131_zzFGKd8jKfB" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_494_20230801__20240131_zN8wiSzk4Mq7" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_495_20220801__20230131_zNfeybEy6cpi" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount_pn3n3_zyNVhUvZs9o1" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Net (loss) income of the VIE&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(107&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;165&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity_pn3n3_z04s7Kmox2g7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Aggregate funding provided by (repaid to) the Company, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;123&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;237&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;87&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedIncomeStatementTableTextBlock>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22872"
      unitRef="USD">-107000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22873"
      unitRef="USD">25000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22874"
      unitRef="USD">-26000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22875"
      unitRef="USD">165000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityNetIncomeLosstAmount>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22876"
      unitRef="USD">123000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22877"
      unitRef="USD">-10000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22878"
      unitRef="USD">237000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22879"
      unitRef="USD">87000</IDT:VariableInterestEntityAggregateFundingRepaidToProvidedByReportingEntity>
    <srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-10935">&lt;p id="xdx_895_esrt--ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock_z5MZj5UUlh45" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
VIE&#x2019;s summarized consolidated balance sheet amounts are as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B1_zkvY3vZMTbg5" style="display: none"&gt;VIE&#x2019;s Summarized Consolidated Balance Sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 95%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; display: none; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_49F_20240131__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zTFLji1i5pud" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_491_20230731__srt--ConsolidatedEntitiesAxis__us-gaap--VariableInterestEntityPrimaryBeneficiaryMember_zjDW1zqsXVZe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2024&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;July 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2023&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Assets&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 60%; text-align: left"&gt;Cash and equivalents&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;2,394&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 16%; text-align: right"&gt;1,596&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--RestrictedCashCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Restricted cash&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;4,934&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--ReceivablesNetCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts receivable, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;90&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;62&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--DisbursementPrefunding_iI_pn3n3_z8NloJHeg4ai" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Disbursement prefunding&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,056&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;585&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_400_eus-gaap--PrepaidExpenseCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Prepaid expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;323&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;197&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherAssetsCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Other current assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;255&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Property, plant, and equipment, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;166&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;272&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--OtherIntangibleAssetsNet_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other intangibles, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;661&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;737&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--Assets_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total assets&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;9,879&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;11,614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Liabilities and noncontrolling interests:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_401_eus-gaap--AccountsPayableCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Trade accounts payable&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;11&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2011"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_402_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accrued expenses&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;334&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;70&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--SettlementLiabilitiesCurrent_iI_pn3n3_zByAe4mSKrB" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Settlement liabilities&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;5,336&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;7,573&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_iI_pn3n3_hus-gaap--RelatedPartyTransactionsByRelatedPartyAxis__us-gaap--RelatedPartyMember_zgRcUmqY1bA4" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Due to the Company&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;26&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_403_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Accumulated other comprehensive income&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;37&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;21&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--MinorityInterest_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Noncontrolling interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,898&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3,924&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity_iI_pn3n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total liabilities and noncontrolling interests&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;9,879&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;11,614&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</srt:ScheduleOfCondensedBalanceSheetTableTextBlock>
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      decimals="-3"
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    <us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11206">&lt;p id="xdx_806_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock_zdLXx6zh67Dc" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
10&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_825_zFCxCY73zLlf"&gt;Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_zjmtjwH1ovwc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the other operating (expense) gain, net by business segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zZKkaumTwFok" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20231101__20240131_z5UKkjUCBxJ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20221101__20230131_ziWwVX9ntpy" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20230801__20240131_zELxJrkT25xg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230131_zDXX71OUGF7a" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzx4L_z1taNi3UUBDa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,552&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(1,597&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,764&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(4,109&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_maOOIENzx4L_znoGeI5vq9Qa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,869&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,988&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--CorporateOther_maOOIENzx4L_zVBpvut2x4q8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Corporate&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2045"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzx4L_z9KRLuOeEICa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2050"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2051"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2052"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,565&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--FintechgovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENzx4L_zhfcDi43fYti" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014; government grants&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2055"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2057"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;382&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzx4L_zvWr2qWecMdb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;net2phone&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2061"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2063"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_maOOIENzx4L_z9M5oXbANf42" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014; cable telephony customer indemnification claim&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2065"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2067"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsOther_maOOIENzx4L_zhbCPmzrPAGb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2072"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENzx4L_z57x1GT3Lnt3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total other operating (expense) gain, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(294&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;190&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A3_zolyZ1t5XIyg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Straight
Path Communications Inc. Class Action&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
discussed in Note 16, the Company (as well as other defendants) was named in a class action on behalf of the stockholders of the Company&#x2019;s
former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc. (&#x201c;Straight Path&#x201d;). The Company incurred legal fees and recorded offsetting
gains from insurance claims related to this action in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023. On October 3, 2023, the
Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#x2019;
allegations, the class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Write-off
of Contingent Consideration Liability&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In January 2024, the Company determined that the requirement for a contingent consideration payment related to
an acquisition in a prior period would not be met. In addition, in September 2022, the Company determined that the requirements for a
portion of the contingent consideration payments related to the Leaf acquisition would not be met. The Company recognized gains on the
write-off of these contingent consideration payment obligations in the net2phone and Fintech segments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Government
Grants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the three and six months ended January 31, 2023, Leaf received payments from government grants for the development and commercialization
of blockchain-backed financial technologies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Indemnification
Claim&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Beginning
in June 2019, as part of a commercial resolution, the Company indemnified a cable telephony customer related to patent infringement claims
brought against the customer. On May 8, 2023, the Company and the customer agreed to release the Company from the indemnification agreement
in exchange for $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_pn5n6_c20230508__20230508__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--IndemnificationAgreementMember_znNw7xSyL5Wi" title="Traditional communications cable telephony customer indemnification claim"&gt;3.9&lt;/span&gt; million, which was recorded as an expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherOperatingIncomeAndExpenseTextBlock>
    <IDT:ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11212">&lt;p id="xdx_892_ecustom--ScheduleOfOtherOperatingExpensesGainsNetTableTextBlock_zjmtjwH1ovwc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
following table summarizes the other operating (expense) gain, net by business segment:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B9_zZKkaumTwFok" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Other Operating (Expense) Gain, Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20231101__20240131_z5UKkjUCBxJ2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_490_20221101__20230131_ziWwVX9ntpy" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20230801__20240131_zELxJrkT25xg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20220801__20230131_zDXX71OUGF7a" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--LegalFees_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzx4L_z1taNi3UUBDa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action legal fees&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,552&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(1,597&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(2,764&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(4,109&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40F_eus-gaap--UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds_maOOIENzx4L_znoGeI5vq9Qa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Corporate&#x2014;Straight Path Communications Inc. class action insurance claims&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,186&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,263&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,869&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;2,988&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_ecustom--CorporateOther_maOOIENzx4L_zVBpvut2x4q8" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Corporate&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2045"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2046"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2048"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1_iN_pn3n3_di_hus-gaap--BusinessAcquisitionAxis__custom--FintechMember_msOOIENzx4L_z9KRLuOeEICa" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2050"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2051"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2052"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1,565&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_406_ecustom--FintechgovernmentGrants_pn3n3_maOOIENzx4L_zhfcDi43fYti" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Fintech&#x2014; government grants&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2055"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;349&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2057"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;382&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_ecustom--BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2_iN_pn3n3_di_msOOIENzx4L_zvWr2qWecMdb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;net2phone&#x2014;write-off of contingent consideration liability&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2061"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;73&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2063"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsCableTelephonyCustomerIndemnificationClaim_maOOIENzx4L_z9M5oXbANf42" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014; cable telephony customer indemnification claim&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2065"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2067"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(12&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_ecustom--TraditionalCommunicationsOther_maOOIENzx4L_zhbCPmzrPAGb" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Traditional Communications&#x2014;other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2072"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--OtherOperatingIncomeExpenseNet_iT_pn3n3_mtOOIENzx4L_z57x1GT3Lnt3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;Total other operating (expense) gain, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(294&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;17&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;190&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;816&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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      unitRef="USD">2552000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
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    <us-gaap:LegalFees
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      id="ixv-22913"
      unitRef="USD">2764000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
    <us-gaap:LegalFees
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      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22914"
      unitRef="USD">4109000</us-gaap:LegalFees>
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      id="ixv-22915"
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      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22916"
      unitRef="USD">1263000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
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      unitRef="USD">2869000</us-gaap:UnusualOrInfrequentItemInsuranceProceeds>
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      unitRef="USD">12000</IDT:CorporateOther>
    <us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1
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      unitRef="USD">-1565000</us-gaap:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability1>
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      unitRef="USD">-73000</IDT:BusinessCombinationContingentConsiderationArrangementsChangeInAmountOfContingentConsiderationLiability2>
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      id="ixv-22934"
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    <us-gaap:DebtDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11511">&lt;p id="xdx_804_eus-gaap--DebtDisclosureTextBlock_zSY4GgPEESYj" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
11&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_z6KnrNn6SxT2"&gt;Revolving Credit Facility&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company&#x2019;s subsidiary, IDT Telecom, Inc. (&#x201c;IDT Telecom&#x201d;), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2021,
with TD Bank, N.A. for a revolving credit facility for up to a maximum principal amount of $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityMaximumBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zwuZLJpiIhif" title="Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity"&gt;25.0&lt;/span&gt; million. As of July 28, 2023, IDT Telecom
and TD Bank, N.A. amended certain terms of the credit agreement. IDT Telecom may use the proceeds to finance working capital requirements
and for certain closing costs of the facility. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_do_c20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zw54YEpfkhQ1" title="Outstanding line of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--LineOfCredit_iI_do_c20230731__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z7WbjbOWwXt7" title="Outstanding line of credit"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; amounts outstanding under this facility.
In the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, IDT Telecom borrowed and repaid an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zhEE9XCnSq7c" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zK64Jhi9qcKa" title="Repayment of lines of credit"&gt;30.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_z6CqSZvIhZR1" title="Proceeds from lines of credit"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--IDTTelecomMember_zuVggetfZKz5" title="Repayment of lines of credit"&gt;2.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively,
under the facility. &lt;span id="xdx_906_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityDescription_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zmvN7OdZ4Llf" title="Credit facility, description"&gt;The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#x2019;s assets. The principal outstanding
bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points,
plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest
is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on &lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--DebtInstrumentMaturityDate_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zTUiZf9K5tR8" title="Debt instrument maturity date"&gt;May 16, 2026&lt;/span&gt;. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly
unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity_iI_pn5n6_c20210517__us-gaap--CreditFacilityAxis__us-gaap--RevolvingCreditFacilityMember__us-gaap--LineOfCreditFacilityAxis__custom--TDBankMember_zpaWD4Jyngfe" title="Revolving credit, unused portion amount"&gt;25.0&lt;/span&gt; million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending
upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter.&lt;/span&gt; IDT Telecom is required to comply with various
affirmative and negative covenants as well as maintain certain targets based on financial ratios during the term of the revolving credit
facility. As of January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, IDT Telecom was in compliance with all of the covenants.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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      id="ixv-22938"
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22939"
      unitRef="USD">30600000</us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit>
    <us-gaap:ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
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      id="ixv-22940"
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    <us-gaap:RepaymentsOfLinesOfCredit
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_IDTTelecomMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22941"
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    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      id="ixv-11527">The revolving credit facility is secured by primarily all of IDT Telecom&#x2019;s assets. The principal outstanding
bears interest per annum at the secured overnight financing rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 10 basis points,
plus depending upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter, 125 to 175 basis points. Interest
is payable monthly, and all outstanding principal and any accrued and unpaid interest is due on May 16, 2026. IDT Telecom pays a quarterly
unused commitment fee on the average daily balance of the unused portion of the $25.0 million commitment of 30 to 85 basis points, depending
upon IDT Telecom&#x2019;s leverage ratio as computed for the most recent fiscal quarter.</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityDescription>
    <us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      id="ixv-22942">2026-05-16</us-gaap:DebtInstrumentMaturityDate>
    <us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity
      contextRef="AsOf2021-05-17_us-gaap_RevolvingCreditFacilityMember_custom_TDBankMember"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-22943"
      unitRef="USD">25000000.0</us-gaap:LineOfCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity>
    <us-gaap:StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11539">&lt;p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--StockholdersEquityNoteDisclosureTextBlock_zrpDJdd2CuPg" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
12&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_zXq7GvjVWObc"&gt;Equity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;2024
Equity Incentive Plan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s stockholders approved the adoption of the Company&#x2019;s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the
&#x201c;2024 Plan&#x201d;), which is intended to provide incentives to officers, employees, directors, and consultants of the Company,
including stock options, stock appreciation rights, deferred stock units (&#x201c;DSUs&#x201d;), and restricted stock, from and after
September 16, 2024. There are &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesAuthorized_iI_pid_c20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandTwentyFourEquityIncentivePlanMember_z2IQlwiPTbbj" title="Number of shares, grant"&gt;250,000&lt;/span&gt;
shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock reserved for the grant of awards under the 2024 Plan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;2015
Stock Option and Incentive Plan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
December 13, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company&#x2019;s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan
(the &#x201c;2015 Plan&#x201d;) to increase the number of shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock available for the grant of
awards thereunder by an additional &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfAdditionalSharesAuthorized_c20231213__20231213__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zpe5bPUSAnP5" title="Additional number of shares authorized"&gt;250,000&lt;/span&gt; shares. The 2015 Plan is scheduled to expire on September 16, 2024.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
both the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company received cash from the exercise of stock options of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z2WZOd5FokWb" title="Received cash from exercise of stock options"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ProceedsFromStockOptionsExercised_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zQYu7bCFqFQe" title="Received cash from exercise of stock options"&gt;0.2&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;million for which the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_z43D50X5h89a" title="Shares issued"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercised_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--TwoThousandFifteenStockOptionAndIncentivePlanMember_zBKZyr2X5mx3" title="Shares issued"&gt;12,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
 shares of its Class B common stock.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stock
Repurchases&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has an existing stock repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors for the repurchase of shares of the Company&#x2019;s
Class B common stock. The Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z8furF5AmRIi" title="Aggregate repurchased shares"&gt;8.0&lt;/span&gt; million shares in the aggregate. In the six months
ended January 31, 2024, the Company repurchased &lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zjajV3PpAjs8" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;135,261&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zXmHdeiUVVDb" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;3.2&lt;/span&gt; million.
In the six months ended January 31, 2023, the Company repurchased &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_zt0zxcAw6de4" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;203,436&lt;/span&gt; shares of its Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase
price of $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember_z6eTJNc59qp9" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;5.0&lt;/span&gt; million. At January 31, 2024, &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--StockRepurchaseProgramRemainingNumberOfSharesAuthorizedToBeRepurchased_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zU10PdG81Pj5" title="Stock repurchase program, remaining number of shares authorized to be repurchased"&gt;4.6&lt;/span&gt; million shares remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
the six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company paid $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zlCrlZqbSd7k" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;15,000&lt;/span&gt; and $&lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod_pn5n6_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z6XNfXexdmDi" title="Aggregate purchase price of shares repurchased"&gt;0.3&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, to repurchase &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_z60aSOMHuGof" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;654&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--TreasuryStockSharesAcquired_pid_c20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--ClassBCommonStockMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--EmployeesMember_zhGpTSyUdO57" title="Class B common stock shares repurchased"&gt;13,403&lt;/span&gt;
shares, respectively, of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock that were tendered by employees of the Company to satisfy the employees&#x2019;
tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of DSUs, the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock, and shares issued
for bonus payments. Such shares were repurchased by the Company based on their fair market value as of the close of business on the trading
day immediately prior to the vesting date.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Deferred
Stock Units Equity Incentive Program&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
November 30, 2022, the Company adopted an equity incentive program (under its 2015 Plan) in the form of grants of DSUs that, upon vesting,
will entitle the grantees to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardDescription_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember_znxhxkYb1Xx1"&gt;The
number of shares that will be issuable on each vesting date will vary between 50% to 200% of the number of DSUs that vest on that vesting
date, depending on the market price for the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by
the Compensation Committee of the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors of $25.45 per share (which was based on the market price at the
time of the initial grants under this program).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
February 21, 2024, the second vesting date under the program, in accordance with the program and based on certain elections made by grantees,
the Company issued &lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_c20240221__20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zvsd03rpkt26"&gt;53,706&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;shares of its Class B common stock for vested
DSUs. Subject to continued full time employment or other services to the Company, the remaining &lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsNonvestedNumber_iI_c20240221__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember_zsK9WoQ5vX99"&gt;147,540&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;DSUs are scheduled to vest on February 25, 2025,
the third and final vesting date under the program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Amended and Restated Employment Agreement
with Abilio (&#x201c;Bill&#x201d;) Pereira&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"&gt;On December 21, 2023,
the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Bill Pereira, the Company&#x2019;s President and Chief
Operating Officer. The agreement provides for, among other things, certain equity grants, including &lt;span id="xdx_90F_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__srt--TitleOfIndividualAxis__custom--BillPereiraMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_z0nBKtnAN9Tk" title="Vested shares"&gt;23,500&lt;/span&gt;
DSUs that, upon vesting, represent the right to receive shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock, and &lt;span id="xdx_90D_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20231221__20231221__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_ziOjPeO7jjac" title="Vested shares"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt;
shares of Class B common stock of net2phone 2.0, as well as a contingent bonus subject to the completion of certain financial
milestones as set forth in the agreement. The Company currently believes it is probable that some of the milestones will be
satisfied, and some of the contingent bonus will be earned, for which the contingent bonus may be paid, at Mr. Pereira&#x2019;s
option, in either shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock or cash. In the three and six months ended January 31, 2024,
the Company recorded an aggregate stock-based compensation expense of $&lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zICk34uVTzof" title="Stock based compensation expense"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20231101__20240131__us-gaap--IncomeStatementLocationAxis__us-gaap--SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zKAZSO6y3b31" title="Stock based compensation expense"&gt;1.4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
million related to these equity grants and the contingent bonus, which is included in &#x201c;Selling, general and administrative
expense&#x201d; in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. At January 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_909_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--DeferredStockUnitsMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zgtkWFjWhPc6" title="Total unrecognized compensation"&gt;0.4&lt;/span&gt;
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to Mr. Pereira&#x2019;s non-vested DSUs, which is expected to be recognized
over the remaining vesting period that ends in February 2025. Also at January 31, 2024, there was an aggregate of $&lt;span id="xdx_90C_eus-gaap--EmployeeServiceShareBasedCompensationNonvestedAwardsTotalCompensationCostNotYetRecognized_iI_pn5n6_c20240131__us-gaap--AwardTypeAxis__custom--ContingentBonusMember__us-gaap--TypeOfArrangementAxis__custom--AmendedAndRestatedEmploymentAgreementMember_zDbCAFITGmm" title="Total unrecognized compensation"&gt;2.0&lt;/span&gt;
million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the probable portion of Mr. Pereira&#x2019;s contingent bonus, which is
expected to be recognized over the estimated period that the Company expects the milestones to be satisfied, which ends in the first
quarter of fiscal 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Exchange of NRS Shares for the Company&#x2019;s
Shares&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"&gt;In January 2024,
three management employees of NRS exchanged shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock that they held for shares of the
Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock with an equal value. The NRS shares in the exchange represented an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zcCRDtAmevQh" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"&gt;1.25&lt;/span&gt;%
of NRS&#x2019; outstanding shares, which were exchanged for an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesNewIssues_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zH59IZrMF377" title="Number of shares during period"&gt;192,433&lt;/span&gt;
shares of the Company&#x2019;s Class B common stock. The Company accounted for the exchange as an equity transaction and recorded a
decrease in &#x201c;Noncontrolling interests&#x201d; and an increase in &#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_ecustom--StockIssuedDuringPeriodValueExchangeOfSharesForCommonStock_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zJK7jkI79cf9" title="Exchange of NRS shares for Class B common stock"&gt;0.1&lt;/span&gt;
million, based on the carrying amount of the &lt;span id="xdx_905_ecustom--ExchangeOfOutstandingSharesPercentage_c20240101__20240131_zvY6yDXCnWyi" title="Exchange of outstanding shares percentage"&gt;1.25&lt;/span&gt;%
noncontrolling interest in NRS.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Restricted net2phone 2.0 Common Stock Repurchased
from Employees&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.75pt"&gt;In January 2024, the restrictions
lapsed on the &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsVestedInPeriod_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zBKBk0PzaA69" title="Vested shares"&gt;0.5&lt;/span&gt; million restricted shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock that were granted in December 2020 to each of Howard
S. Jonas and Shmuel Jonas, the Company&#x2019;s Chief Executive Officer. In addition, in January 2024, Bill Pereira was granted &lt;span id="xdx_904_eus-gaap--ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardEquityInstrumentsOtherThanOptionsGrantsInPeriod_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zQWSKPr31ci3" title="Shares granted"&gt;50,000&lt;/span&gt;
shares of net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock in connection with the agreement described above. The Company withheld a portion of these
shares representing an aggregate of &lt;span id="xdx_909_ecustom--RestrictedCommonStockWithholdingFromEmployeesOutstandingSharesPercentage_pid_dp_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z4Fh4TC8dslc" title="Restricted common stock with holding employees outstanding shares percentage"&gt;4.5&lt;/span&gt;% of the outstanding shares of net2phone 2.0 with an aggregate fair value of $&lt;span id="xdx_902_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember_zdxCAVB6mKid" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"&gt;3.6&lt;/span&gt; million to satisfy
the grantees&#x2019; tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on restricted stock or the grant of shares.
The fair value per share of the net2phone 2.0 Class B common stock was based on a valuation of the business enterprise using a market
approach and income approach. The Company recorded an increase in &#x201c;Noncontrolling interests&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_908_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationIncreaseInNoncontrollingInterests_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zKUbAN8h2ABh" title="Increase in non controlling interests"&gt;53,000&lt;/span&gt; and a decrease in
&#x201c;Additional paid-in capital&#x201d; of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensationDecreaseInAdditionalPaidInCapital_pn4n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_zFQq2X9G7ie4" title="Decrease in additional paid in capital"&gt;3.61&lt;/span&gt; million, and an offsetting income tax withholding liability of $&lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--PaymentsRelatedToTaxWithholdingForShareBasedCompensation_pn5n6_c20240101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NetTwophoneTwoZeroIncMember_z5D7uU5pOICb" title="Offsetting income tax withholding liability"&gt;3.6&lt;/span&gt; million.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subsequent
Event&lt;/i&gt;&#x2014;&lt;i&gt;Dividend Payments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
March 2024, the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend of $&lt;span id="xdx_901_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableAmountPerShare_iI_c20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zPJsTAU1vNJf" title="Cash dividend per share"&gt;0.05&lt;/span&gt; per share on the Company&#x2019;s Class
A and Class B common stock. The initial dividend will be paid on or about &lt;span id="xdx_900_eus-gaap--DividendPayableDateToBePaidDayMonthAndYear_c20240331__20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zSU6AxaUsvhi" title="Dividend paid date"&gt;March 27, 2024&lt;/span&gt; with a record date of &lt;span id="xdx_903_eus-gaap--DividendsPayableDateOfRecordDayMonthAndYear_c20240331__20240331__us-gaap--SubsequentEventTypeAxis__us-gaap--SubsequentEventMember__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__custom--CommonClassAandBMember_zjH3m2nHofca" title="Dividend record date"&gt;March 19, 2024&lt;/span&gt;. The dividend
will supplement the Company&#x2019;s existing stock repurchase program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-indent: 23.75pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember"
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    <us-gaap:TreasuryStockValueAcquiredCostMethod
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
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      unitRef="Shares">654</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
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      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_custom_ClassBCommonStockMember_custom_EmployeesMember"
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      id="ixv-22959"
      unitRef="Shares">13403</us-gaap:TreasuryStockSharesAcquired>
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      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_DeferredStockUnitsMember"
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date, depending on the market price for the underlying Class B common stock on the vesting date relative to the base price approved by
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    <us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11673">&lt;p id="xdx_80D_eus-gaap--MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock_zWKyzrP4G43i" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
13&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82E_z1zr3IQ0ZL6k"&gt;Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
September 29, 2021, NRS sold shares of its Class B common stock representing &lt;span id="xdx_90A_ecustom--SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction_pid_dp_uPure_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zAoSHAZ9Q6jb" title="Capital stock outstanding percentage"&gt;2.5&lt;/span&gt;% of its outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted
basis to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund LP (&#x201c;Alta Fox&#x201d;) for cash of $&lt;span id="xdx_90A_eus-gaap--SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction_pn6n6_c20210928__20210929__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zaFt94qKfFIe" title="Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction"&gt;10&lt;/span&gt; million. Alta Fox has the right to request that NRS
redeem all or any portion of the NRS common shares that it purchased at the per share purchase price during a period of 182 days following
the fifth anniversary of this transaction. The redemption right shall terminate upon the consummation of (i) a sale of NRS or its assets
for cash or securities that are listed on a national securities exchange, (ii) a public offering of NRS&#x2019; securities, or (iii) a
distribution of NRS&#x2019; capital stock following which NRS&#x2019; common shares are listed on a national securities exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
shares of NRS&#x2019; Class B common stock sold to Alta Fox have been classified as mezzanine equity in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets because they may be redeemed at the option of Alta Fox, although the shares are not mandatorily redeemable. The carrying
amount of the shares includes the noncontrolling interest in the net income of NRS. The net income attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s
noncontrolling interest during the periods were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zkP4t7zXffT3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zCazoar8Llj" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#x2019;s Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqUDVGQL4d79" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkmFbl3RH5zg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_z9XQBcnVRnbj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zDBl8QNWxng1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zSl3HOc786Lc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s noncontrolling interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;114&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;65&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;221&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A0_zQMOFA0nRcb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:MinorityInterestDisclosureTextBlock>
    <IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction
      contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="INF"
      id="ixv-22983"
      unitRef="Pure">0.025</IDT:SaleOfStockPercentageOfSubsidiaryEquityIssuedInTransaction>
    <us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction
      contextRef="From2021-09-282021-09-29_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-6"
      id="ixv-22984"
      unitRef="USD">10000000</us-gaap:SaleOfStockConsiderationReceivedOnTransaction>
    <us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11688">&lt;p id="xdx_897_eus-gaap--RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock_zkP4t7zXffT3" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8BA_zCazoar8Llj" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Net Income Attributable to Mezzanine Equity&#x2019;s Noncontrolling Interest&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%; margin-right: auto"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_492_20231101__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zqUDVGQL4d79" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49B_20221101__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zkmFbl3RH5zg" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_z9XQBcnVRnbj" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20220801__20230131__us-gaap--StatementClassOfStockAxis__us-gaap--CommonClassBMember__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--NationalRetailSolutionsMember_zDBl8QNWxng1" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40B_eus-gaap--NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest_pn3n3_zSl3HOc786Lc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Net income of NRS attributable to the mezzanine equity&#x2019;s noncontrolling interest&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;114&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;65&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;221&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;198&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:RedeemableNoncontrollingInterestTableTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22985"
      unitRef="USD">114000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22986"
      unitRef="USD">65000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2023-08-012024-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22987"
      unitRef="USD">221000</us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest>
    <us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAttributableToRedeemableNoncontrollingInterest
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31_us-gaap_CommonClassBMember_custom_NationalRetailSolutionsMember"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22988"
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    <us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11773">&lt;p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--EarningsPerShareTextBlock_zJg4if002Pe4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
14&#x2014; &lt;span id="xdx_822_z5zgaGUFg5s8"&gt;Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Basic
earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted
average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed
in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject
to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect
of such increase is anti-dilutive.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zwfD9w7s6kDa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#x2019;s
common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zWPjo6TmbyFl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20231101__20240131_zkqkeGMSy0Lb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20221101__20230131_zKGAd5zmfN1k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230801__20240131_zjciSFp5xpe9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220801__20230131_zuJCc5b0r4Gl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_z6g6rY68waka" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,175&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,556&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_pn3n3_zDf8QG6nxVh6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2203"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_znw5aGePy6Gc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;120&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zu79NM6QIWI7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,538&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,297&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,577&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8A6_zMN06Cj3UjS4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;There
were no shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share in the three and six months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:EarningsPerShareTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11783">&lt;p id="xdx_89C_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock_zwfD9w7s6kDa" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company&#x2019;s
common stockholders consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B7_zWPjo6TmbyFl" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule of Weighted-average Number of Shares Used in the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20231101__20240131_zkqkeGMSy0Lb" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20221101__20230131_zKGAd5zmfN1k" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49A_20230801__20240131_zjciSFp5xpe9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49C_20220801__20230131_zuJCc5b0r4Gl" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic_pn3n3_z6g6rY68waka" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%"&gt;Basic weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,175&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,176&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;25,556&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Effect of dilutive securities:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_409_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants_pn3n3_zDf8QG6nxVh6" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left"&gt;Stock options&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl2203"&gt;&#x2014;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;11&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_407_eus-gaap--IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends_pn3n3_znw5aGePy6Gc" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Non-vested restricted Class B common stock&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;142&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;19&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;120&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;10&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40D_eus-gaap--WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding_pn3n3_zu79NM6QIWI7" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Diluted weighted-average number of shares&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,317&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,538&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,297&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;25,577&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

</us-gaap:ScheduleOfEarningsPerShareDilutedByCommonClassTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22989"
      unitRef="Shares">25175000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22990"
      unitRef="Shares">25510000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22991"
      unitRef="Shares">25176000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22992"
      unitRef="Shares">25556000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfSharesOutstandingBasic>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22993"
      unitRef="Shares">9000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22994"
      unitRef="Shares">1000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22995"
      unitRef="Shares">11000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToCallOptionsAndWarrants>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22996"
      unitRef="Shares">142000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22997"
      unitRef="Shares">19000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22998"
      unitRef="Shares">120000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-22999"
      unitRef="Shares">10000</us-gaap:IncrementalCommonSharesAttributableToNonvestedSharesWithForfeitableDividends>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2023-11-012024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-23000"
      unitRef="Shares">25317000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2022-11-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-23001"
      unitRef="Shares">25538000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-23002"
      unitRef="Shares">25297000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
      contextRef="From2022-08-012023-01-31"
      decimals="-3"
      id="ixv-23003"
      unitRef="Shares">25577000</us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11958">&lt;p id="xdx_807_eus-gaap--ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock_zylGblGtI9X9" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
15&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_82B_zNxpUNMQsLpj"&gt;Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zJqAXodSXO6k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zSfZJxsyUSR6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Unrealized&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Loss on&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Available-for-Sale Securities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Foreign&lt;br/&gt;
 Currency&lt;br/&gt;
 Translation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Accumulated&lt;br/&gt;
 Other&lt;br/&gt;
 Comprehensive&lt;br/&gt;
 Loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 55%"&gt;Balance, July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zcbqIsIzex3k" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zPBtqIOjnw4e" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(16,547&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zGGBNmUVq7T7" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(17,192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z8Vp6LMbjhV8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;204&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zHhI3XPhyWI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(288&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zKSi3xbM7gY3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, January 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z0cCrfIl6R71" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zQfMhZ4U4ZY1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(16,835&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zRSmLZUCrAu9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(17,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AA_zrnTjRYv5BL9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:ComprehensiveIncomeNoteTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-11964">&lt;p id="xdx_894_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossTableTextBlock_zJqAXodSXO6k" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
The accumulated balances for each classification of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B5_zSfZJxsyUSR6" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Accumulated Balances for Each Classification of Other Comprehensive Income Income (Loss)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%; margin-left: 0.25in"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Unrealized&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Loss on&lt;/p&gt;
                                                                                &lt;p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"&gt;Available-for-Sale Securities&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Foreign&lt;br/&gt;
 Currency&lt;br/&gt;
 Translation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;Accumulated&lt;br/&gt;
 Other&lt;br/&gt;
 Comprehensive&lt;br/&gt;
 Loss&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 55%"&gt;Balance, July 31, 2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98C_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_zcbqIsIzex3k" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;(645&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98B_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zPBtqIOjnw4e" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(16,547&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 2%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iS_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zGGBNmUVq7T7" style="width: 11%; text-align: right" title="Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(17,192&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IDT Corporation&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98D_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z8Vp6LMbjhV8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;204&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zHhI3XPhyWI9" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(288&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98F_eus-gaap--OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zKSi3xbM7gY3" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right" title="Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax"&gt;(84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Balance, January 31, 2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_988_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedNetUnrealizedInvestmentGainLossMember_z0cCrfIl6R71" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(441&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_98E_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131__us-gaap--StatementEquityComponentsAxis__us-gaap--AccumulatedTranslationAdjustmentMember_zQfMhZ4U4ZY1" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(16,835&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td id="xdx_986_eus-gaap--AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_iE_pn3n3_c20230801__20240131_zRSmLZUCrAu9" style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right" title="Ending balance"&gt;(17,276&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

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    <us-gaap:CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-12053">&lt;p id="xdx_80F_eus-gaap--CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTextBlock_zWSH1nJndGX4" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
16&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_829_zj8z0Rv3GV2f"&gt;Commitments and Contingencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;COVID-19&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
May 2023, the World Health Organization declared an end to COVID-19 as a public health emergency. As of the date of this Quarterly Report,
the Company continues to monitor the situation. The Company cannot predict with certainty the potential impact of COVID-19 if it re-invigorates
on the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Legal
Proceedings&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
July 5, 2017, plaintiff JDS1, LLC, on behalf of itself and all other similarly situated stockholders of Straight Path, and derivatively
on behalf of Straight Path as nominal defendant, filed a putative class action and derivative complaint in the Court of Chancery of the
State of Delaware against the Company, The Patrick Henry Trust (a trust formed by Howard S. Jonas that held record and beneficial ownership
of certain shares of Straight Path he formerly held), Howard S. Jonas, and each of Straight Path&#x2019;s directors. The complaint alleged
that the Company aided and abetted Straight Path Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Davidi Jonas, and Howard S. Jonas
in his capacity as controlling stockholder of Straight Path, in breaching their fiduciary duties to Straight Path in connection with
the settlement of claims between Straight Path and the Company related to potential indemnification claims concerning Straight Path&#x2019;s
obligations under the Consent Decree it entered into with the Federal Communications Commission (&#x201c;FCC&#x201d;), as well as the sale
of Straight Path&#x2019;s subsidiary Straight Path IP Group, Inc. to the Company in connection with that settlement. That action was consolidated
with a similar action that was initiated by The Arbitrage Fund. The Plaintiffs sought, among other things, (i) a declaration that the
action may be maintained as a class action or in the alternative, that demand on the Straight Path Board is excused; (ii) that the term
sheet is invalid; (iii) awarding damages for the unfair price stockholders received in the merger between Straight Path and Verizon Communications
Inc. for their shares of Straight Path&#x2019;s Class B common stock; and (iv) ordering Howard S. Jonas, Davidi Jonas, and the Company
to disgorge any profits for the benefit of the class Plaintiffs. On August 28, 2017, the Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. The trial
was held in August and December 2022, and closing arguments were presented on May 3, 2023. On October 3, 2023, the Court of Chancery
of the State of Delaware dismissed all claims against the Company, and found that, contrary to the plaintiffs&#x2019; allegations, the
class suffered no damages. The plaintiffs will have 30 days from entry of the final order to file an appeal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to other legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and
have not been finally adjudicated. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, the Company believes that none of the other legal
proceedings to which the Company is a party will have a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, cash flows
or financial condition.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sales
Tax Contingency&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;On
June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., holding that a state may require
a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in
the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that the Company has
liability for periods for which it has not collected sales, use or other similar taxes, and if such an assertion or assertions were successful
it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#x2019;s business, financial position, and operating results. One or more jurisdictions
may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to the Company&#x2019;s operations, and if such changes
were made it could materially and adversely affect the Company&#x2019;s business, financial position, and operating results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Regulatory
Fees Audit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
The Company&#x2019;s 2017 FCC Form 499-A, which reports its calendar year 2016 revenue, was audited by the Universal Service Administrative
Company (&#x201c;USAC&#x201d;). The USAC&#x2019;s final decision imposed a $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss_iI_pn5n6_c20230731__srt--ProductOrServiceAxis__custom--FederalTelecommunicationsRelayServicesFundMember_zDr5KAs0puj3" title="Final decision imposed"&gt;2.9&lt;/span&gt; million charge on the Company for the Federal Telecommunications
Relay Service (&#x201c;TRS&#x201d;) Fund. The Company has appealed the USAC&#x2019;s final decision to the FCC and does not intend to remit
payment for the TRS Fund fees unless and until a negative decision on its appeal has been issued. The Company has made certain changes
to its filing policies and procedures for years that remain potentially under audit. At January 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, the Company&#x2019;s
accrued expenses included $&lt;span id="xdx_908_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zVoSpf5aeqrc" title="Accrued liabilities"&gt;23.4&lt;/span&gt; million and $&lt;span id="xdx_905_eus-gaap--AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent_iI_pn5n6_c20230731_zGZ88rqUGRAh" title="Accrued liabilities"&gt;26.8&lt;/span&gt; million, respectively, for FCC-related regulatory fees for the year covered by the
audit, as well as prior and subsequent years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;
&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Purchase
Commitments&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;At
January 31, 2024, the Company had purchase commitments of $&lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--PurchaseObligation_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_zMGuaoGEGvI" title="Purchase obligation"&gt;17.6&lt;/span&gt; million primarily for equipment and services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Performance
Bonds&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#160;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;The
Company has performance bonds issued through third parties for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states&#x2019;
financial requirements for money remittance licenses and telecommunications resellers. At January 31, 2024, the Company had aggregate
performance bonds of $&lt;span id="xdx_906_ecustom--PerformanceBondsOutstanding_iI_pn5n6_c20240131_ztaFLG3Tr6k9" title="Performance bonds outstanding"&gt;29.0&lt;/span&gt; million outstanding.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;




&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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      id="ixv-23013"
      unitRef="USD">2900000</us-gaap:LossContingencyEstimateOfPossibleLoss>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-23014"
      unitRef="USD">23400000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent
      contextRef="AsOf2023-07-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-23015"
      unitRef="USD">26800000</us-gaap:AccruedLiabilitiesCurrentAndNoncurrent>
    <us-gaap:PurchaseObligation
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-23016"
      unitRef="USD">17600000</us-gaap:PurchaseObligation>
    <IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding
      contextRef="AsOf2024-01-31"
      decimals="-5"
      id="ixv-23017"
      unitRef="USD">29000000.0</IDT:PerformanceBondsOutstanding>
    <us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-12143">&lt;p id="xdx_805_eus-gaap--OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock_zCwL6S5P3Y7i" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Note
17&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_824_zOIJ7GXIH698"&gt;Other Income (Expense), Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_z1MTvc5fHfTl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other income (expense), net consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zh58NOosa0ca" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Other Income (Expense), Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20231101__20240131_zFK5OWSUprf4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20221101__20230131_zV7W2Y3ixXMe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240131_zKBZSNPwxg2l" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zOIGoxeT1aP8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zvBhUnwwUhU9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;2,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;2,480&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(989&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;1,451&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--IncomeLossFromEquityMethodInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zylni5yJljde" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(723&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,861&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zWJ15xHY70n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Gains (losses) on investments, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;715&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(202&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,169&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40A_eus-gaap--OtherIncome_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zQkGXZdjWGMi" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;157&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(136&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_z6bSJRiGI2F" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total other income (expense), net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;2,534&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,613&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(3,053&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(2,229&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/table&gt;

&lt;p id="xdx_8AF_zNIJOYI0iVW9" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</us-gaap:OtherIncomeAndOtherExpenseDisclosureTextBlock>
    <us-gaap:ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock contextRef="From2023-08-01to2024-01-31" id="ixv-12149">&lt;p id="xdx_891_eus-gaap--ScheduleOfOtherNonoperatingIncomeExpenseTableTextBlock_z1MTvc5fHfTl" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;Other income (expense), net consists of the following:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span id="xdx_8B8_zh58NOosa0ca" style="display: none"&gt;Schedule
of Other Income (Expense), Net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; border-collapse: collapse; width: 90%"&gt;
  &lt;tr style="display: none; vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_493_20231101__20240131_zFK5OWSUprf4" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_49E_20221101__20230131_zV7W2Y3ixXMe" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_491_20230801__20240131_zKBZSNPwxg2l" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" id="xdx_497_20220801__20230131_zOIGoxeT1aP8" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Three Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"&gt;&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Six Months Ended&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;January 31,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2024&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;2023&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr style="vertical-align: bottom"&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td colspan="14" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"&gt;(in thousands)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="font-weight: bold"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40E_eus-gaap--ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossRealized_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zvBhUnwwUhU9" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 40%; text-align: left"&gt;Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;2,510&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;2,480&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;(989&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 3%"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 10%; text-align: right"&gt;1,451&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Equity in net loss of investee&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(848&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(723&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,861&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(1,375&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_408_eus-gaap--GainLossOnInvestments_pn3n3_maNIEzeRA_zWJ15xHY70n3" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;Gains (losses) on investments, net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 0"&gt;715&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(228&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(202&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;(2,169&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;Other&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;157&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;84&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"&gt;(136&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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    &lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: right"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr id="xdx_40C_eus-gaap--NonoperatingIncomeExpense_iT_pn3n3_mtNIEzeRA_z6bSJRiGI2F" style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"&gt;
    &lt;td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;Total other income (expense), net&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;2,534&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;1,613&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(3,053&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"&gt;$&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right"&gt;(2,229&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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18&#x2014;&lt;span id="xdx_820_zSu8EXDg1ORk"&gt;Income Taxes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&#160;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;As
of January 31, 2024, the Company&#x2019;s best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for fiscal 2024 was &lt;span id="xdx_90B_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_dp_c20230801__20240131_zkC1BvU2JHBd" title="Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent"&gt;24.7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
compared to &lt;span id="xdx_907_eus-gaap--EffectiveIncomeTaxRateContinuingOperations_dp_c20220801__20230731_zbXrh8IiJTP7" title="Effective income tax rate reconciliation, percent"&gt;27.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;%
at July 31, 2023. The change in the estimated effective tax rate was mainly due to differences in the amount of taxable income earned
in the various taxing jurisdictions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (&#x201c;FASB&#x201d;)
issued ASU No. 2023-09, &lt;i&gt;Income Taxes (Topic 740)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures&lt;/i&gt;, primarily related to the rate
reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures as well as certain other amendments to income tax disclosures. Entities will be required
on an annual basis to consistently categorize and provide greater disaggregation of rate reconciliation information and further disaggregate
their income taxes paid. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2025. The amendments
in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact
that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, &lt;i&gt;Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Crypto Assets (Subtopic
350-60)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets&lt;/i&gt;, that changes the accounting for crypto assets from a cost-less-impairment
model to fair value, with changes recognized in net income each reporting period. The ASU also requires enhanced disclosures including,
among other things, the name, cost basis, fair value, and number of units for each significant holding, and a rollforward of annual activity
including additions, dispositions, gains, and losses. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its fiscal year beginning
on August 1, 2025. The ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of adoption. The Company
is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, &lt;i&gt;Segment Reporting (Topic 280)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,
&lt;/i&gt;to improve the disclosures about reportable segments and add more detailed information about a reportable segment&#x2019;s expenses.
The amendments in the ASU require public entities to disclose on an annual and interim basis significant segment expenses that are regularly
provided to the chief operating decision maker (&#x201c;CODM&#x201d;) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss,
other segment items by reportable segment, the title and position of the CODM, and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures
of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change the definition
of a segment, the method for determining segments, the criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments, or the current
specifically enumerated segment expenses that are required to be disclosed. The Company will adopt the amendments in this ASU for its
fiscal year beginning on August 1, 2024 applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is evaluating the impact
that this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;&#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"&gt;In
June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities
Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions,&lt;/i&gt; that clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not
considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also
requires specific disclosures related to equity securities that are subject to contractual sales restrictions. The Company will adopt
the amendments in this ASU prospectively on August 1, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on its consolidated
financial statements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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