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Revenue Recognition | 3 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2025
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Revenue Recognition | Note 3—Revenue Recognition The Company earns revenue from contracts with customers primarily through the provision of retail telecommunications and payment offerings, as well as wholesale international voice and SMS termination services. NRS and net2phone are technology-driven, synergistic businesses that leverage the Company’s core assets. NRS generates revenue primarily from point-of-sale terminal sales, payment processing, software subscriptions, advertising, and data services, which are generally recognized at a point in time when control of the goods or services transfers, except for subscription services that are recognized over time. net2phone earns revenue primarily from cloud-based communications, unified communications as a service (“UCaaS”), and contact center as a service (“CCaaS”) solutions, which are recognized over time as services are provided. BOSS Money and IDT Digital Payments revenues are recognized at a point in time when transactions are completed. Traditional Communications offerings consist primarily of minute-based, paid-voice services, with revenue recognized at a point in time as usage occurs. Disaggregated Revenues The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by business segment and service offered to customers: Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Business Segment and Service Offered to Customers
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended October 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (in thousands) |
National Retail Solutions |  | $ | 37,083 |  |  | $ | 30,362 |
BOSS Money |  |  | 38,295 |  |  |  | 33,693 |
Other |  |  | 4,434 |  |  |  | 3,377 |
Total Fintech |  |  | 42,729 |  |  |  | 37,070 |
net2phone |  |  | 23,454 |  |  |  | 21,620 |
IDT Digital Payments |  |  | 107,081 |  |  |  | 105,119 |
BOSS Revolution |  |  | 46,983 |  |  |  | 56,842 |
IDT Global |  |  | 59,573 |  |  |  | 52,375 |
Other |  |  | 5,849 |  |  |  | 6,178 |
Total Traditional Communications |  |  | 219,486 |  |  |  | 220,514 |
Total |  | $ | 322,752 |  |  | $ | 309,566 |
Revenues |  | $ | 322,752 |  |  | $ | 309,566 |
The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by geographic region, which is determined based on selling location: Schedule of Revenues Disaggregated by Geographic Region
(in thousands) |  | National Retail Solutions |  |  | Fintech |  |  | net2phone |  |  | Traditional Communications |  |  | Total |
Three Months Ended October 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 37,083 |  |  | $ | 41,085 |  |  | $ | 13,557 |  |  | $ | 161,815 |  |  | $ | 253,540 |
Outside the United States: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United Kingdom |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,074 |  |  |  | 44,074 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,644 |  |  |  | 9,897 |  |  |  | 13,597 |  |  |  | 25,138 |
Total outside the United States |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,644 |  |  |  | 9,897 |  |  |  | 57,671 |  |  |  | 69,212 |
Total |  | $ | 37,083 |  |  | $ | 42,729 |  |  | $ | 23,454 |  |  | $ | 219,486 |  |  | $ | 322,752 |
(in thousands) |  | National Retail Solutions |  |  | Fintech |  |  | net2phone |  |  | Traditional Communications |  |  | Total |
Three Months Ended October 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 30,362 |  |  | $ | 35,889 |  |  | $ | 12,293 |  |  | $ | 165,221 |  |  | $ | 243,765 |
Outside the United States: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United Kingdom |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,957 |  |  |  | 47,957 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,181 |  |  |  | 9,327 |  |  |  | 7,336 |  |  |  | 17,844 |
Total outside the United States |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,181 |  |  |  | 9,327 |  |  |  | 55,293 |  |  |  | 65,801 |
Total |  | $ | 30,362 |  |  | $ | 37,070 |  |  | $ | 21,620 |  |  | $ | 220,514 |  |  | $ | 309,566 |
Remaining Performance Obligations The following table includes revenue by business segment expected to be recognized in the future from performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of October 31, 2025. The table excludes contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or less. Schedule of Estimated Revenue by Business Segment
(in thousands) |  | National Retail Solutions |  |  | net2phone |  |  | Total |
Twelve-month period ending October 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
20261 |  | $ | 10,033 |  |  | $ | 45,029 |  |  | $ | 55,062 |
20271 |  |  | 7,862 |  |  |  | 24,864 |  |  |  | 32,726 |
Thereafter0 |  |  | 7,084 |  |  |  | 9,507 |  |  |  | 16,591 |
Total0 |  | $ | 24,979 |  |  | $ | 79,400 |  |  | $ | 104,379 |
Accounts Receivable and Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the time of billing to the Company’s customers. Trade accounts receivable in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets represent unconditional rights to consideration. The Company would record a contract asset when revenue is recognized in advance of its right to bill and receive consideration. The Company has not currently identified any contract assets. Contract liabilities arise when the Company receives consideration or bills its customers prior to providing the goods or services promised in the contract. The Company’s contract liability balance is primarily payments received for prepaid BOSS Revolution. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when services are provided to the customer. The contract liability balances are presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as “Deferred revenue”. The following table presents revenue recognized during the period from amounts included in the Company’s contract liability balance at the beginning of the period: Schedule of Information About Contract Liabilities
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended October 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Revenue recognized |  | $ | 11,540 |  |  | $ | 13,600 |
Receivables and contract balances from contracts with customers during the three months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows: Schedule of Receivables Contract from Customer
(in thousands) |  | Account Receivables, net |  |  | Deferred Revenue |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Beginning of period |  | $ | 44,932 |  |  | $ | 42,215 |  |  | $ | 27,726 |  |  | $ | 30,364 |
End of period |  | $ | 42,562 |  |  | $ | 41,566 |  |  | $ | 28,627 |  |  | $ | 29,321 |
Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition and Fulfillment Costs The Company recognizes as an asset its incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that it expects to recover. The Company’s incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are sales commissions paid to employees and third parties on sales to end users. If the amortization period were one year or less for the asset that would be recognized from deferring these costs, the Company applies the practical expedient whereby the Company charges these costs to expense when incurred. The Company’s costs to fulfill its contracts do not meet the criteria to be recognized as an asset, therefore these costs are charged to expense as incurred. The Company’s deferred customer contract acquisition costs were as follows: Schedule of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs
|  | October 31, 2025 |  |  | July 31, 2025 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other current assets” |  | $ | 6,781 |  |  | $ | 6,547 |
Deferred customer contract acquisition costs included in “Other assets” |  |  | 4,881 |  |  |  | 4,789 |
Total |  | $ | 11,662 |  |  | $ | 11,336 |
The Company’s amortization of deferred customer contract acquisition costs during the periods were as follows: Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Customer Contract Acquisition Costs
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | Three Months Ended October 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Amortization |  | $ | 1,395 |  |  | $ | 1,498 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 7 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-7 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/606/tableOfContent + Details
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