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Stock-based compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Disclosure Of Share Based Payment Arrangements [Abstract]  
Stock option activity and the weighted average exercise price
The stock option activity and the weighted average exercise price are summarized as follows:
20232022
Number
of options
Weighted
average
exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
exercise
price
$
$
Outstanding – Beginning of year*11,823,310 36.36 6,796,039 24.56 
Granted**2,817,149 19.93 7,920,684 49.47 
Exercised(942,641)5.00 (1,061,359)16.48 
Forfeited/Cancelled(3,637,522)47.76 (1,832,054)47.84 
Outstanding – End of fiscal year10,060,296 30.58 11,823,310 38.37 
Exercisable – End of fiscal year3,771,711 31.24 2,600,818 23.05 
*The 2023 beginning of year weighted average exercise price was adjusted from the prior year closing weighted average exercise price to account for the CAD to USD foreign exchange rate used when calculating the current fiscal year's weighted average exercise prices.
**Included in the stock options granted in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 were 2,500,000 stock options with vesting dependent on market conditions tied to the Company's future share price performance.
The RSU, DSU and PSU activity and the weighted average grant date fair values
The RSU, DSU and PSU activity and the weighted average grant date fair values as at March 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:
202320232023
RSUDSUPSU
Number
of awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
Number
of awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
Number
of awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
$$$
Outstanding – Beginning of year3,314,131 46.71 34,421 37.95 953,290 28.73 
Granted4,397,629 20.77 47,577 18.72 — — 
Settled(956,837)41.58 (16,600)40.50 (333,650)28.73 
Forfeited(1,214,156)37.97 — — — — 
Outstanding – End of year5,540,767 28.92 65,398 23.31 619,640 28.73 
The RSU, DSU and PSU activity and the weighted average grant date fair values as at March 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:
202220222022
RSUDSUPSU
Number
of awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
Number
of awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
Number
of awards
Weighted
average
grant date
fair value
$$$
Outstanding – Beginning of year939,833 44.93 14,751 26.68 75,182 24.90 
Granted3,016,792 48.89 20,227 47.14 953,290 28.73 
Settled(219,208)52.19 (557)73.39 (51,094)24.97 
Forfeited(423,286)55.50 — — (24,088)24.75 
Outstanding – End of year3,314,131 46.71 34,421 37.95 953,290 28.73 
Weighted average assumptions
The fair value of stock options granted to employees, excluding stock options that contain market conditions, was estimated at the dates of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
20232022
Expected volatility52.22 %47.25 %
Risk-free interest rate3.05 %1.04 %
Expected option life3.92 years4.07 years
Expected dividend yield%%
Forfeiture rate26.55 %27.07 %
The fair value of stock options granted in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 to certain executives with vesting dependent on market conditions tied to the Company's future share price performance is measured using the Monte Carlo
pricing model to estimate the Company's potential future share price. This model leverages assumptions that the expected volatility of the share price is 41% and the expected option life is 7 years.
Range of exercise prices of outstanding share options
The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable as at March 31, 2023:
Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
$$$
2.17 to 18.92
1,930,537 5.0912.19 719,850 2.215.80 
18.93 to 22.62
1,886,776 5.6121.49 384,078 4.2421.79 
22.63 to 27.73
2,268,067 4.4623.99 1,409,502 3.7724.27 
27.74 to 41.54
1,896,698 5.5131.49 291,923 3.7931.80 
41.55 to 93.45
2,078,218 5.4262.27 966,358 5.3863.92 
Total10,060,296 5.1930.58 3,771,711 3.9431.24 
The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options outstanding stock options exercisable as at March 31, 2022:
Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
$$$
0.30 to 21.90
2,735,944 4.8211.60 1,017,325 3.285.02 
21.91 to 27.52
2,137,518 5.6724.29 796,323 5.1224.90 
27.53 to 33.19
2,238,268 6.3430.75 302,339 4.9428.71 
33.20 to 65.89
1,855,419 6.2545.76 286,652 5.0738.86 
65.90 to 94.03
2,856,161 6.2275.73 198,179 6.1476.67 
Total11,823,310 5.8238.37 2,600,818 4.4523.05 
Stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable
The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable as at March 31, 2023:
Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
$$$
2.17 to 18.92
1,930,537 5.0912.19 719,850 2.215.80 
18.93 to 22.62
1,886,776 5.6121.49 384,078 4.2421.79 
22.63 to 27.73
2,268,067 4.4623.99 1,409,502 3.7724.27 
27.74 to 41.54
1,896,698 5.5131.49 291,923 3.7931.80 
41.55 to 93.45
2,078,218 5.4262.27 966,358 5.3863.92 
Total10,060,296 5.1930.58 3,771,711 3.9431.24 
The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options outstanding stock options exercisable as at March 31, 2022:
Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
Number
of options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
$$$
0.30 to 21.90
2,735,944 4.8211.60 1,017,325 3.285.02 
21.91 to 27.52
2,137,518 5.6724.29 796,323 5.1224.90 
27.53 to 33.19
2,238,268 6.3430.75 302,339 4.9428.71 
33.20 to 65.89
1,855,419 6.2545.76 286,652 5.0738.86 
65.90 to 94.03
2,856,161 6.2275.73 198,179 6.1476.67 
Total11,823,310 5.8238.37 2,600,818 4.4523.05