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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2013
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation | (a) Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and results of operations of UFP Technologies, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Moulded Fibre Technology, Inc., Simco Industries, Inc. and Stephenson & Lawyer, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Patterson Properties Corporation. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates | (b) Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including allowance for doubtful accounts and the net realizable value of inventory, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value Measurement | (c) Fair Value Measurement The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and credit risk. The Company has not elected fair value accounting for any financial instruments for which fair value accounting is optional.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | (d) Fair Value of Financial Instruments Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued taxes and other liabilities are stated at carrying amounts that approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s long-term debt approximates fair value as the interest rate on the debt approximates the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | (e) Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2013, and 2012, cash equivalents primarily consisted of money market accounts and certificates of deposit that are readily convertible into cash. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit that at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company periodically reviews the financial stability of institutions holding its accounts, and does not believe it is exposed to any significant custodial credit risk on cash. The Company’s main operating account with Bank of America exceeds federal depository insurance limit by approximately $32.3 million.
Accounts Receivable | (f) Accounts Receivable The Company periodically reviews the collectability of its accounts receivable. Provisions are recorded for accounts that are potentially uncollectible. Determining adequate reserves for accounts receivable requires management’s judgment. Conditions impacting the realizability of the Company’s receivables could cause actual asset write-offs to be materially different than the reserved balances as of December 31, 2013.
Inventories | (g) Inventories Inventories include material, labor, and manufacturing overhead and are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company periodically reviews the realizability of its inventory for potential obsolescence. Determining the net realizable value of inventory requires management’s judgment. Conditions impacting the realizability of the Company’s inventory could cause actual asset write-offs to be materially different than the Company’s current estimates as of December 31, 2013.
Property, Plant, and Equipment | (h) Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease term, if shorter. Estimated useful lives of property, plant, and equipment are as follows:
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of estimated useful life or remaining lease term
Buildings and improvements |  | 31.5 years
Machinery & Equipment |  | 7 -10 years
Furniture, fixtures, computers & software |  | 3 - 7 years
Property, plant, and equipment amounts are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value.
Goodwill | (i) Goodwill Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level. Reporting units are one level below the business segment level, but can be combined when reporting units within the same segment have similar economic characteristics. The Company’s reporting units include its Component Products segment, Packaging segment (excluding its Molded Fiber operation), and its Molded Fiber operation. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. The Company assessed qualitative factors as of December 31, 2013, and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts. Factors considered for each reporting unit included financial performance, forecasts and trends, market cap, regulatory and environmental issues, market analysis, recent transactions, macro-economic conditions, industry and market considerations, raw material costs, management stability, and the degree by which the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value in 2010 when the Company last performed Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a comparison of each reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value (approximately $37 million or 161% and $7 million or 190% for the Component Products and Molded Fiber reporting units, respectively). As a result of this assessment, Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test was not performed in 2013. Changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill (by segment) are as follows (in thousands):
|  | Goodwill |
|  | Component Products Segment |  | Packaging Segment |  | Total |
Balance - January 1, 2013 |  | $ | 5,021 |  | $ | 2,018 |  | $ | 7,039 |
PAC Acquisition - refinement of estimates in the initial purchase price allocation (see Note 18) |  | 283 |  | — |  | 283 |
Balance - December 31, 2013 |  | $ | 5,304 |  | $ | 2,018 |  | $ | 7,322 |
Intangible Assets | (j) Intangible Assets Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized on a straight-line basis, with estimated useful lives ranging from 5 to 14 years. Intangible assets with a definite life are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable.
Revenue Recognition | (k) Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue at the time of shipment when title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, performance of its obligation is complete, its price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and the Company is reasonably assured of collection. If a loss is anticipated on any contract, a provision for the entire loss is made immediately. Determination of these criteria, in some cases, requires management’s judgment.
Share-Based Compensation | (l) Share-Based Compensation When accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee services, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). Share-based compensation cost that has been charged against income for stock compensation plans is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | $ | 924 |  | $ | 860 |  | $ | 1,089 |
The compensation expense for stock options granted during the three-year period ended December 31, 2013, was determined as the fair value of the options using the Black Scholes valuation model. 2013 compensation expense for stock options granted prior to January 1, 2012 was determined as the fair value of the options using a lattice-based option valuation model. The assumptions are noted as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Expected volatility |  | 34.0% - 50.0% |  | 56.90% |  | 54.8% to 73.3% |
Expected dividends |  | None |  | None |  | None |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 0.4% - 0.7% |  | 0.39% |  | 0.9% to 2.9% |
Exercise price |  | Closing price on date of grant |  | Closing price on date of grant |  | Closing price on date of grant |
Expected term |  | 3.3 to 5.0 years |  | 5 years |  | 4.6 to 7.7 years |
Weighted-average grant-date fair value |  | $5.84 |  | $7.72 |  | $5.75 |
The stock volatility for each grant is determined based on a review of the experience of the weighted average of historical daily price changes of the Company’s common stock over the expected option term, and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option. The expected term is calculated based on the simplified method. The total income tax benefit recognized in the statement of operations for share-based compensation arrangements was approximately $280,000, $270,000, and $359,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Deferred Rent | (m) Deferred Rent The Company accounts for escalating rental payments on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Shipping and Handling Costs | (n) Shipping and Handling Costs Costs incurred related to shipping and handling are included in cost of sales. Amounts charged to customers pertaining to these costs are included in net sales.
Research and Development | (o) Research and Development On a routine basis, the Company incurs costs related to research and development activity. These costs are expensed as incurred. Approximately $1.2 million, $1.3 million, and $1.2 million were expensed in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.
Income Taxes | (p) Income Taxes The Company’s income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company has considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Should the Company determine that it would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense.
Segments and Related Information | (q) Segments and Related Information The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, which establish standards for the way public business enterprises report information and operating segments in annual financial statements (see Note 19).

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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for cash and cash equivalents, including the policy for determining which items are treated as cash equivalents. Other information that may be disclosed includes (1) the nature of any restrictions on the entity's use of its cash and cash equivalents, (2) whether the entity's cash and cash equivalents are insured or expose the entity to credit risk, (3) the classification of any negative balance accounts (overdrafts), and (4) the carrying basis of cash equivalents (for example, at cost) and whether the carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Cash -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6506951 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Cash Equivalents -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6507016 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 02 -Paragraph 1 -Article 5 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 305 -SubTopic 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2122427 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367179&loc=d3e4273-108586 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Financial Reporting Release (FRR) -Number 203 -Paragraph 02-03 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for revenue recognition. If the entity has different policies for different types of revenue transactions, the policy for each material type of transaction is generally disclosed. If a sales transaction has multiple element arrangements (for example, delivery of multiple products, services or the rights to use assets) the disclosure may indicate the accounting policy for each unit of accounting as well as how units of accounting are determined and valued. The disclosure may encompass important judgment as to appropriateness of principles related to recognition of revenue. The disclosure also may indicate the entity's treatment of any unearned or deferred revenue that arises from the transaction. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 13 -Section B -Paragraph Question 1 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 605 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 13.B.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27012821&loc=d3e214044-122780 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18823-107790 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for segment reporting. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for stock option and stock incentive plans. This disclosure may include (1) the types of stock option or incentive plans sponsored by the entity (2) the groups that participate in (or are covered by) each plan (3) significant plan provisions and (4) how stock compensation is measured, and the methodologies and significant assumptions used to determine that measurement. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (b),(f) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2228939 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for the classification of shipping and handling costs, including whether the costs are included in cost of sales or included in other income statement accounts. If shipping and handling fees are significant and are not included in cost of sales, disclosure includes both the amounts of such costs and the line item on the income statement which includes such costs. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 605 -SubTopic 45 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6408196&loc=d3e61069-111654 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Handling Costs -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6514758 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 605 -SubTopic 45 -Section 45 -Paragraph 20 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=21915142&loc=d3e60635-111653 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 605 -SubTopic 45 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6408413&loc=d3e221937-122793 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Glossary Shipping Costs -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6525344 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for trade and other accounts receivables. This disclosure may include the basis at which such receivables are carried in the entity's statements of financial position (for example, net realizable value), how the entity determines the level of its allowance for doubtful accounts, when impairments, charge-offs or recoveries are recognized, and the entity's income recognition policies for such receivables, including its treatment of related fees and costs, its treatment of premiums, discounts or unearned income, when accrual of interest is discontinued, how the entity records payments received on nonaccrual receivables and its policy for resuming accrual of interest on such receivables. If the enterprise holds a large number of similar loans, disclosure may include the accounting policy for the anticipation of prepayments and significant assumptions underlying prepayment estimates for amortization of premiums, discounts, and nonrefundable fees and costs. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-X (SX) -Number 210 -Section 02 -Paragraph 3, 4 -Article 5 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6378556&loc=d3e10133-111534 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=28368275&loc=d3e5093-111524 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=28368275&loc=d3e5212-111524 + Details
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- Definition Disclosure of accounting policy for the use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6927468&loc=d3e6143-108592 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 8 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6927468&loc=d3e6132-108592 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6927468&loc=d3e6061-108592 + Details
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