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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (1)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies UFP Technologies, Inc. (“the Company”) is an innovative designer and custom converter of foams, plastics, composites and natural fiber products principally serving the medical, automotive, consumer, electronics, industrial and aerospace and defense markets. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 1993. (a)Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and results of operations of UFP Technologies, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Moulded Fibre Technology, Inc., Simco Industries, Inc. and Stephenson & Lawyer, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Patterson Properties Corporation. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. (b)Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including allowance for doubtful accounts and the net realizable value of inventory, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (c)Fair Value Measurement The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and credit risk. The Company has not elected fair value accounting for any financial instruments for which fair value accounting is optional. (d)Fair Value of Financial Instruments Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued taxes and other liabilities are stated at carrying amounts that approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s long-term debt approximates fair value as the interest rate on the debt approximates the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate. (e)Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, cash equivalents primarily consisted of money market accounts and certificates of deposit that are readily convertible into cash. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit that at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company periodically reviews the financial stability of institutions holding its accounts, and does not believe it is exposed to any significant custodial credit risk on cash. The Company’s main operating account with Bank of America exceeds federal depository insurance limit by approximately $23.2 million. (f)Accounts Receivable The Company periodically reviews the collectability of its accounts receivable. Provisions are recorded for accounts that are potentially uncollectable. Determining adequate reserves for accounts receivable requires management’s judgment. Conditions impacting the realizability of the Company’s receivables could cause actual asset write-offs to be materially different than the reserved balances as of December 31, 2014. (g)Inventories Inventories include material, labor, and manufacturing overhead and are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company periodically reviews the realizability of its inventory for potential obsolescence. Determining the net realizable value of inventory requires management’s judgment. Conditions impacting the realizability of the Company’s inventory could cause actual asset write-offs to be materially different than the Company’s current estimates as of December 31, 2014. (h)Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease term, if shorter. Estimated useful lives of property, plant, and equipment are as follows:
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of estimated useful life or remaining lease term
Buildings and improvements |  | 20 years
Machinery & Equipment |  | 7 -10 years
Furniture, fixtures, computers & software |  | 3 - 7 years
Property, plant, and equipment amounts are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. (i)Goodwill Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level. Reporting units are one level below the business segment level, but can be combined when reporting units within the same segment have similar economic characteristics. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. As of September 30, 2014, the Company consists of a single reporting unit. In conjunction with a reassessment of our reportable segments (See Note 19), we performed step 1 of the goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2014. We utilized the guideline public company (“GPC”) method under the market approach and the discounted cash flows method (“DCF”) under the income approach to determine the fair value of the reporting unit for purposes of testing the reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill for impairment. The GPC method derives a value by generating a multiple of EBITDA through the comparison of the Company to similar publicly traded companies. The DCF approach derives a value based on the present value of a series of estimated future cash flows at the valuation date by the application of a discount rate, one that a prudent investor would require before making an investment in our equity securities. The key assumptions used in our approach included: The reporting unit’s 2014 estimated financials and five-year projections of financial results, which were based on our strategic plans and long-range forecasts. Sales growth rates represent estimates based on current and forecasted sales mix and market conditions. The profit margins were projected based on historical margins, projected sales mix, current expense structure and anticipated expense modifications. The projected terminal value, which reflects the total present value of projected cash flows beyond the last period in the DCF. This value reflects a growth rate for the reporting unit, which is approximately the same growth rate of expected inflation into perpetuity. The discount rate determined using a Weighted Average Cost of Capital method (“WACC”), which considered market and industry data as well as Company-specific risk factors. Selection of guideline public companies which are similar to each other and to the Company. As of September 30, 2014, based on our calculations under the above noted approach, the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately $69.0 million or 74%. In performing these calculations, management used its most reasonable estimates of the key assumptions discussed above. Based on management’s review, if any of these individual key assumptions were to change, or if a combination of these key assumptions were to change, the fair value of the reporting unit could be reduced below the carrying value. As a result, if our actual operating results and/or the key assumptions utilized in management’s calculations differ from our expectations, it is possible that a future impairment charge may be necessary. As the Company has elected our fiscal year-end as the annual impairment testing date, the Company assessed qualitative factors as of December 31, 2014, and determined that as there were no material changes in the results of operations or financial condition from the September 30, 2014 impairment test, it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at December 31, 2014. Factors considered included financial performance, forecasts and trends, market cap, regulatory and environmental issues, macro-economic conditions, industry and market considerations, raw material costs and management stability. (j)Intangible Assets Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized on a straight-line basis, with estimated useful lives ranging from 5 to 14 years. Intangible assets with a definite life are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. (k)Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue at the time of shipment when title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, performance of its obligation is complete, its price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and the Company is reasonably assured of collection. If a loss is anticipated on any contract, a provision for the entire loss is made immediately. Determination of these criteria, in some cases, requires management’s judgment. (l)Share-Based Compensation When accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee services, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The Company issues share-based awards through several plans that are described in detail in Note 12. The compensation cost charged against income for those plans is included in selling, general & administrative expenses as follows (in thousands):
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Share-based compensation expense |  | $ | 1,119 |  | $ | 924 |  | $ | 860 |
The compensation expense for stock options granted during the three-year period ended December 31, 2014, was determined as the fair value of the options using the Black Scholes valuation model. 2013 compensation expense for stock options granted prior to January 1, 2012, was determined as the fair value of the options using a lattice-based option valuation model. The assumptions are noted as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Expected volatility |  | 32.8% - 37.9% |  | 34.0% - 50.0% |  | 56.90%
Expected dividends |  | None |  | None |  | None
Risk-free interest rate |  | 0.7% - 0.9% |  | 0.4% - 0.7% |  | 0.39%
Exercise price |  | Closing price on date of grant |  | Closing price on date of grant |  | Closing price on date of grant
Expected term |  | 3.8 to 5.0 years |  | 3.3 to 5.0 years |  | 5 years
Weighted-average grant-date fair value |  | $7.24 |  | $5.84 |  | $7.72
The stock volatility for each grant is determined based on a review of the experience of the weighted average of historical daily price changes of the Company’s common stock over the expected option term, and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option. The expected term is calculated based on the simplified method. The total income tax benefit recognized in the statement of operations for share-based compensation arrangements was approximately $320,000, $280,000 and $270,000, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. (m)Deferred Rent The Company accounts for escalating rental payments on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. (n)Shipping and Handling Costs Costs incurred related to shipping and handling are included in cost of sales. Amounts charged to customers pertaining to these costs are included in net sales. (o)Research and Development On a routine basis, the Company incurs costs related to research and development activity. These costs are expensed as incurred. Approximately $1.2 million, $1.2 million and $1.3 million were expensed in the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. (p)Income Taxes The Company’s income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company has considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Should the Company determine that it would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. (q)Segments and Related Information The Company follows the provisions of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, which establish standards for the way public business enterprises report information and operating segments in annual financial statements (see Note 19). Revisions Certain revisions have been made to the 2013 Consolidated Balance Sheet to conform to the current year presentation relating to the current and long-term classification of deferred taxes. The impact on the 2013 Consolidated Balance Sheet was a decrease in the amount of $112,000 to both current deferred income taxes (asset) and long-term deferred income taxes (liability). In addition, certain revisions have been made to the 2013 and 2012 Consolidated Statements of Operations to conform to the current year presentation relating to classification of certain rent and indirect labor items. The impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations was a decrease to costs of sales and an increase to selling, general and administrative expenses in the amounts of $365,000 and $134,000 for the years 2013 and 2012, respectively. These revisions had no impact on previously reported net income or cash flows and are deemed immaterial to the previously issued financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements On May 28, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance when it becomes effective January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition methods. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We have not yet selected a transition method nor have we determined the effect of the standard on our consolidated financial position and results of operations. There were no new accounting pronouncements adopted during 2014 that had a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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