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Note 6 - Share-based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements  
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

(6)      Share-Based Compensation

 

Share-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).

 

The Company issues share-based awards through several plans that are described in detail in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019. The compensation cost charged against income for those plans is included in selling, general & administrative expenses as follows (in thousands):

 

  

Three Months Ended

  

Nine Months Ended

 
  

September 30

  

September 30,

 

Share-based compensation related to:

 

2020

  

2019

  

2020

  

2019

 

Common stock grants

 $100  $100  $300  $300 

Stock option grants

  59   60   173   91 

Restricted Stock Unit Awards ("RSUs")

  80   313   865   778 

Total share-based compensation

 $239  $473  $1,338  $1,169 

 

The total income tax benefit recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for share-based compensation arrangements was approximately $60 thousand and $176 thousand for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $612 and $524 thousand for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

 

The following is a summary of stock option activity under all plans for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020:

 

  

Shares Under
Options

  

Weighted
Average
Exercise Price

(per share)

  

Weighted
Average Remaining
Contractual Life

(in years)

  

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

(in thousands)

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2019

  105,614  $25.34         

Granted

  14,892   43.95         

Exercised

  (25,993)  18.24         

Outstanding at September 30, 2020

  94,513  $30.22   6.28  $1,096 

Exercisable at September 30, 2020

  75,871  $27.60   5.81  $1,048 

Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2020

  94,513  $30.22   6.28  $1,096 

 

On June 10, 2020, the Company granted options to its directors for the purchase of 14,892 shares of common stock at that day’s closing price of $43.95. The compensation expense related to these grants was determined as the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions:

 

Expected volatility

  32.8%

Expected dividends

  None 

Risk-free interest rate

  0.3%

Exercise price

 $43.95 

Expected term (in years)

  6.1 

Weighted-average grant date fair value

  14.10 

 

The stock volatility for each grant is determined based on a review of the experience of the weighted average of historical daily price changes of the Company’s common stock over the expected option term. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option. The expected term is estimated based on historical option exercise activity.

 

During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the total intrinsic value of all options exercised (i.e., the difference between the market price on the exercise date and the price paid by the employees to exercise the options) was approximately $757 thousand and $867 thousand, respectively, and the total amount of consideration received by the Company from the exercised options was approximately $474 thousand and $562 thousand, respectively. At its discretion, the Company allows option holders to surrender previously-owned common stock in lieu of paying the exercise price and withholding taxes. During both the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, zero shares were surrendered for this purpose.

 

On February 24, 2020, the Company’s Compensation Committee approved the award of $400 thousand, payable in shares of common stock to the Company’s Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and President under the 2003 Incentive Plan. Subject to his continued employment and the terms of his employment agreement, the shares will be issued in December 2020.

 

The following table summarizes information about RSU activity during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020:

 

  

Restricted
Stock Units

  

Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2019

  113,866  $28.36 

Awarded

  25,312   48.83 

Shares vested

  (33,815)  28.93 

Shares forfeited

  (11,506)  35.49 

Outstanding at September 30, 2020

  93,857    

 

At the Company’s discretion, upon vesting, RSU holders are given the option to net-share settle to cover the required minimum withholding tax and the remaining amount is converted into the equivalent number of common shares and issued to the RSU holder. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, 11,233 and 8,132 shares were surrendered at an average market price of $49.98 and $33.35, respectively.

 

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had approximately $2.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense that is expected to be recognized over a period of 3.5 years.