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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
| (1) | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
|  | UFP Technologies, Inc. (“the Company”) is an innovative designer and custom manufacturer of components, subassemblies, products and packaging utilizing highly specialized foams, films, and plastics primarily for the medical market. The Company manufactures its products by converting raw materials using laminating, molding, radio frequency and impulse welding and fabricating manufacturing techniques. The Company is diversified by also providing highly engineered products and components to customers in the aerospace and defense, automotive, consumer, electronics, and industrial markets. The Company consists of a single operating and reportable segment.
| (a) | Principles of Consolidation
|  | The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and results of operations of UFP Technologies, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Moulded Fibre Technology, Inc., Simco Industries, Inc. Dielectrics, Inc. and UFP Realty LLC, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, UFP MA LLC, UFP CO LLC, UFP FL LLC, UFP TX LLC, UFP MI LLC, and UFP IA LLC. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date of this filing.
| (b) | Use of Estimates
|  | The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including allowance for doubtful accounts and the net realizable value of inventory, and the fair value of goodwill, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
| (c) | Fair Value Measurement
|  | The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurement or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and credit risk.
|  | The Company has not elected fair value accounting for any financial instruments for which fair value accounting is optional.
| (d) | Fair Value of Financial Instruments
|  | Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities are stated at carrying amounts that approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s long-term debt approximates fair value as the interest rate on the debt approximates the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate.
| (e) | Cash and Cash Equivalents
|  | The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.
|  | The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts that at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company periodically reviews the financial stability of institutions holding its accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant custodial credit risk on cash. The amounts contained within the Company’s main operating accounts at Bank of America and TD Bank at December 31, 2020, exceed the federal depository insurance limit by approximately $26.1 million.
| (f) | Accounts Receivable
|  | The Company periodically reviews the collectability of its accounts receivable. Provisions are recorded for accounts that are potentially uncollectable. Determining adequate reserves for accounts receivable requires management’s judgment. Conditions impacting the realizability of the Company’s receivables could cause actual asset write-offs to be materially different than the reserved balances as of December 31, 2020.
| (g) | Inventories
|  | Inventories include material, labor, and manufacturing overhead and are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method.
|  | The Company periodically reviews the realizability of its inventory for potential excess or obsolescence. Determining the net realizable value of inventory requires management’s judgment. Conditions impacting the realizability of the Company’s inventory could cause actual asset write-offs to be materially different than the Company’s current estimates as of December 31, 2020.
| (h) | Property, Plant, and Equipment
|  | Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease term, if shorter.
|  | Estimated useful lives of property, plant, and equipment are as follows:
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of estimated useful life or remaining lease term (years)
Buildings and improvements |  | 20 - 40
Machinery & equipment |  | 7 - 15
Furniture, fixtures, computers & software |  | 3 - 7
|  | Property, plant, and equipment amounts are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. No events or changes in circumstances arose during the year ended December 31, 2020 that required management to perform an impairment analysis.
| (i) | Goodwill
|  | Goodwill is tested for impairment annually and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level. Reporting units are one level below the business segment level but can be combined when reporting units within the same segment have similar economic characteristics. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. The Company consists of a single reporting unit. The Company last performed “step 1” of the goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2018. In testing goodwill for impairment at December 31, 2018, the Company primarily utilized the guideline public company (“GPC”) method under the market approach and the discounted cash flows method (“DCF”) under the income approach to determine the fair value of the reporting unit for purposes of testing the reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill for impairment. The GPC method derives a value by generating a multiple of EBITDA through the comparison of the Company to similar publicly traded companies. The DCF approach derives a value based on the present value of a series of estimated future cash flows at the valuation date by the application of a discount rate, one that a prudent investor would require before making an investment in our equity securities. The key assumptions used in our approach included:
| ● | The reporting unit’s estimated financials and five-year projections of financial results, which were based on strategic plans and long-range forecasts. Sales growth rates represent estimates based on current and forecasted sales mix and market conditions. The profit margins were projected based on historical margins, projected sales mix, current expense structure and anticipated expense modifications.
| ● | The projected terminal value which reflects the total present value of projected cash flows beyond the last period in the DCF. This value reflects a growth rate for the reporting unit, which is approximately the same growth rate of expected inflation into perpetuity.
| ● | The discount rate determined using a Weighted Average Cost of Capital method (“WACC”), which considered market and industry data as well as Company-specific risk factors. Selection of guideline public companies which are similar in size and market capitalization to each other and to the Company.
|  | As of December 31, 2018, based on calculations under the above noted approach, the fair value of the reporting unit significantly exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit. In performing these calculations, management used its most reasonable estimates of the key assumptions discussed above. If the Company’s actual operating results and/or the key assumptions utilized in management’s calculations differ from our expectations, it is possible that a future impairment charge may be necessary.
|  | The Company’s annual impairment testing date is December 31. The Company performed a qualitative assessment (“step 0”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit exceeded its’ carrying amount. As a result, the Company was not required to proceed to a “step 1” impairment assessment. Factors considered included the 2018 step 1 analysis and the calculated excess fair value over carrying amount, financial performance, forecasts and trends, market cap, regulatory and environmental issues, macro-economic conditions, industry and market considerations, raw material costs and management stability.
|  | Approximately $48.3 million of goodwill is deductible or has been fully deducted for tax purposes.
| (j) | Intangible Assets
|  | Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized on a straight-line basis, with estimated useful lives ranging from 5 to 20 years. Intangible assets with a definite life are tested for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. No events or changes in circumstances arose during the year ended December 31, 2020 that required management to perform an impairment analysis.
| (k) | Revenue Recognition
|  | The Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of a promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for promised goods or services. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the core principles of ASC 606 which include (1) identifying the contract with a customer, (2) identifying separate performance obligations within the contract, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue. The Company recognizes all but an immaterial portion of its product sales upon shipment. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of tooling and machinery primarily upon customer acceptance, with the exception of certain tooling where control does not transfer to the customer, resulting in revenue being recognized over the estimated time for which parts are produced with the use of each respective tool. The Company recognizes revenue from engineering services, which are primarily product development services, as the services are performed or as otherwise determined based on the substance of the agreement. The Company recognizes revenue from bill and hold transactions at the time the specified goods are complete and available to the customer. In the ordinary course of business, the Company accepts sales returns from customers for defective goods, such amounts being immaterial. Although only applicable to an insignificant number of transactions, the Company has elected to exclude sales taxes from the transaction price. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities for which the Company is responsible under the terms and conditions of the sale not as performance obligations but rather as fulfillment costs. These activities are required to fulfill the Company’s promise to transfer the good and are expensed when revenue is recognized.
| (l) | Share-Based Compensation
|  | When accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee services, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). Forfeitures are expensed as they occur. The Company issues share-based awards through several plans that are described in detail below.
|  | Incentive Plan
|  | In June 2003, the Company formally adopted the 2003 Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). As amended and restated to date, the Plan is intended to benefit the Company by offering equity-based and other incentives to certain of the Company’s executives and employees who are in a position to contribute to the long-term success and growth of the Company, thereby encouraging the continuance of their involvement with the Company and/or its subsidiaries.
|  | Two types of equity awards may be granted to participants under the Plan: restricted shares or other stock awards. Restricted shares are shares of common stock awarded subject to restrictions and to possible forfeiture upon the occurrence of specified events. Other stock awards are awards that are denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to, shares of common stock. Such awards may include Restricted Stock Unit Awards (“RSUs”), unrestricted or restricted stock, incentive and non-qualified stock options, performance shares, or stock appreciation rights. The Company determines the form, terms, and conditions, if any, of any awards made under the Plan. The maximum contractual term of options issued under this plan is 5 years.
|  | Through December 31, 2020, 1,275,035 shares of common stock have been issued under the 2003 Incentive Plan, none of which have been restricted. An additional 88,412 shares are being reserved for outstanding grants of RSUs and other share-based compensation that are subject to various performance and time-vesting contingencies. The Company has also granted awards in the form of stock options under this Plan. Through December 31, 2020, 185,000 options have been granted and 10,000 options are outstanding. At December 31, 2020, 800,834 shares or options are available for future issuance in the 2003 Incentive Plan.
|  | Director Plan
|  | Effective July 15, 1998, the Company adopted the 1998 Director Plan, which was amended and renamed on June 3, 2009 as the 2009 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan (the “Director Plan”). The Director Plan was amended on March 7, 2013, to (i) prohibit the repricing of stock options or other equity awards without the consent of the Company’s shareholders, and (ii) prohibit the Company from buying out underwater stock options. The Director Plan, as amended, provides for the issuance of stock options and other equity-based securities to non-employee members of the Company’s board of directors. The maximum contractual term of options issued under this plan is 10 years.
|  | Through December 31, 2020, 379,918 options have been granted and 84,513 options are outstanding. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 4,776 RSUs are being reserved for outstanding grants of RSUs and 59,980 shares remained available to be issued under the Director Plan.
| (m) | Shipping and Handling Costs
|  | Costs incurred related to shipping and handling are included in cost of sales. Amounts charged to customers pertaining to these costs are included in net sales.
| (n) | Income Taxes
|  | The Company’s income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carry‐forwards. Deferred tax expense or benefit results from the net change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
|  | The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company has considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Should the Company determine that it would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be charged to income in the period such determination was made.
|  | The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense.
| (o) | Segments and Related Information
|  | The Company follows the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 280, Segment Reporting, which establish standards for the way public business enterprises report information and operating segments in annual financial statements (see Note 17).
| (p) | Treasury Stock
|  | The Company accounts for treasury stock under the cost method, using the first-in, first out flow assumption, and includes treasury stock as a component of stockholders’ equity. The Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
| (q) | Research and Development
|  | On a routine basis, the Company incurs costs related to research and development activity. These costs are expensed as incurred. Approximately $8.2 million, $8.8 million and $10.5 million were expensed in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
|  | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
|  | There are no newly issued accounting pronouncements that the Company expects to have a material effect on the financial statements.
|  | Revisions
|  | Certain revisions have been made to the December 31, 2019 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet to conform to the current year presentation relating to a reclassification of long-term operating lease liabilities to current operating lease liabilities. The reclassification resulted in an increase of current operating lease liabilities of $476 thousand and a decrease of long-term operating lease liabilities of $476 thousand. These revisions had no impact on previously reported earnings, net income or cash flows and are deemed immaterial to the previously issued financial statements.

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