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Note 6 - Share-based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

(6)

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).

The Company issues share-based awards through several plans that are described in detail in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. The compensation cost charged against income for those plans is included in selling, general & administrative expenses as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
Share-based compensation related to:	*2021*		*2020*		*2021*		*2020*
Common stock grants	$	100	$	100	$	300	$	300
Stock option grants		52		59		157		173
Restricted Stock Unit Awards ("RSUs")		498		80		1,314		865
Total share-based compensation	$	650	$	239	$	1,771	$	1,338

The total income tax benefit recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for share-based compensa‐tion arrangements was approximately $167 thousand and $60 thousand for the three month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and approximately $608 thousand and $612 thousand for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Common stock grants

The compensation expense for common stock grants during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021, was determined based on an approved fixed dollar amount with the number of shares to be determined on the date of issuance.

Stock Option grants

The following is a summary of stock option activity under all plans for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021:

	Shares Under Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price (per share)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		94,513		$	30.22
Granted		10,716			57.34
Exercised		(6,558	)		24.77
Outstanding at September 30, 2021		98,671		$	33.53		6.06	$	2,769
Exercisable at September 30, 2021		87,955		$	30.63		5.62	$	2,723
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2021		98,671		$	33.53		6.06	$	2,769

On June 9, 2021, the Company granted options to its directors for the purchase of 10,716 shares of common stock at that day’s closing price of $57.34. The compensation expense related to these grants was determined as the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions:

Expected volatility	33.7	%
Expected dividends	None
Risk-free interest rate	0.8	%
Exercise price	$57.34
Expected term (years)	6.2
Weighted-average grant date fair value	19.60

The stock volatility for each grant is determined based on a review of the experience of the weighted average of historical daily price changes of the Company’s common stock over the expected option term, and the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods correspond‐ing with the expected term of the option. The expected term is estimated based on historical option exercise activity.

During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the total intrinsic value of all options exercised was approximately $164 thousand and $757 thousand, respectively, and the total amount of consideration received by the Company from the exercised options was approximately $162 thousand and $474 thousand, respectively. At its discretion, the Company allows option holders to surrender previously owned common stock in lieu of paying the exercise price and withholding taxes. During both the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, no shares were surrendered for this purpose.

Restricted Stock Unit awards

The following table summarizes information about RSU activity during the nine-month period ended Septem‐ber 30, 2021:

	Restricted Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		93,187		$	35.03
Awarded		51,046			50.07
Shares vested		(38,892	)		32.88
Forfeitures		(270	)		49.46
Outstanding at September 30, 2021		105,071		$	41.00

At the Company’s discretion, upon vesting, RSU holders are given the option to net-share settle to cover the required minimum withholding tax and the remaining amount is converted into the equivalent number of common shares and issued to the RSU holder. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, 14,112 and 11,233 shares were surrendered at an average market price of $52.47 and $49.98, respectively.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $3.2 million of unrecognized compensation expense that is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.5 years.