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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The summary of our significant accounting policies is presented below to assist in evaluating our consolidated financial statements. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. Investments in entities of less than 50 percent of the voting stock over which we have significant influence are accounted for on an equity basis. The factors used to determine significant influence include, but are not limited to, our management involvement in the investee, such as hiring and setting compensation for management of the investee, the ability to make operating and capital decisions of the investee, representation on the investee’s board of directors and purchase and supply agreements with the investee. Investments in entities of less than 50 percent of the voting stock in which we do not have significant influence are accounted for on the cost basis. USE OF ESTIMATES IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS In preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), we make judgments and estimates about the amounts reflected in our financial statements. As part of our financial reporting process, our management collaborates to determine the necessary information on which to base our judgments and develop estimates used to prepare the financial statements. We use historical experience and available information to make these judgments and estimates. However, different amounts could be reported using different assumptions and in light of different facts and circumstances. Therefore, actual amounts could differ from the estimates reflected in our financial statements. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash investments having original maturities of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. Cash equivalents principally consist of investments in money market funds and bank deposits at June 30, 2017. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE We market our products to a diverse customer base throughout the world. Trade credit is extended based upon periodically updated evaluations of each customer’s ability to satisfy its obligations. We make judgments as to our ability to collect outstanding receivables and provide allowances for the portion of receivables when collection becomes doubtful. Accounts receivable reserves are determined based upon an aging of accounts and a review of specific accounts. INVENTORIES Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. We use the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method for determining the cost of a significant portion of our United States (U.S.) inventories. The cost of the remainder of our inventories is measured using approximate costs determined on the first-in, first-out basis or using the average cost method. When market conditions indicate an excess of carrying costs over market value, a lower-of-cost-or-market provision is recorded. Excess and obsolete inventory reserves are established based upon our evaluation of the quantity of inventory on hand relative to demand. The excess and obsolete inventory reserve at June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $32.1 million and $36.7 million, respectively. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Major improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Retirements and disposals are removed from cost and accumulated depreciation accounts, with the gain or loss reflected in operating income. Interest related to the construction of major facilities is capitalized as part of the construction costs and is depreciated over the facilities' estimated useful lives. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: building and improvements over 15-40 years; machinery and equipment over 4-15 years; furniture and fixtures over 5-10 years and computer hardware and software over 3-5 years. Leased property and equipment under capital leases are depreciated using the straight-line method over the terms of the related leases. LONG-LIVED ASSETS We evaluate the recoverability of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets that are amortized, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of any such assets may not be fully recoverable. Changes in circumstances include technological advances, changes in our business model, capital structure, economic conditions or operating performance. Our evaluation is based upon, among other things, our assumptions about the estimated future undiscounted cash flows these assets are expected to generate. When the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, we will recognize an impairment loss to the extent that carrying value exceeds fair value. We apply our best judgment when performing these evaluations to determine if a triggering event has occurred, the undiscounted cash flows used to assess recoverability and the fair value of the asset. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of the net assets of acquired companies. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested at least annually for impairment. We perform our annual impairment tests during the June quarter in connection with our annual planning process, unless there are impairment indicators based on the results of an ongoing cumulative qualitative assessment that warrant a test prior to that. We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill for each of our reporting units by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. The fair values of our reporting units are determined using a combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and market multiples based upon historical and projected financial information. We apply our best judgment when assessing the reasonableness of the financial projections used to determine the fair value of each reporting unit. We evaluate the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets using a discounted cash flow analysis based on projected financial information. This evaluation is sensitive to changes in market interest rates and other external factors. Identifiable assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. 2015 December Quarter Impairment Charge As previously disclosed, we recorded a non-cash pre-tax impairment charge during the three months ended December 31, 2014 of $376.5 million in the Infrastructure segment, of which $375.0 million was for goodwill and $1.5 million was for an indefinite-lived trademark intangible asset. 2015 March Quarter Impairment Charge As previously disclosed, we recorded an additional non-cash pre-tax impairment charge during the three months ended March 31, 2015 of $152.9 million in the Infrastructure reporting unit, of which $152.5 million was for goodwill and $0.4 million was for an indefinite-lived trademark intangible asset. In addition, we recorded a $6.8 million charge during the three months ended March 31, 2015 for an indefinite-lived trademark intangible asset based upon completion of the 2015 December valuation. During 2015, an impairment charge of $10.5 million was recorded for a contract-based technology intangible asset that was part of the Infrastructure segment, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $5.5 million and a reduction in a liability of $5.0 million. 2016 December Quarter Impairment Charge As previously disclosed, we recorded a preliminary non-cash pre-tax impairment charge during the three months ended December 31, 2015 of $106.1 million in the Infrastructure segment, of which $105.7 million was for goodwill and $0.4 million was for an indefinite-lived trademark intangible asset. We also recorded a preliminary non-cash pre-tax impairment charge during the three months ended December 31, 2015 of $2.3 million in the Widia segment for an indefinite-lived trademark intangible asset. These impairment charges are recorded in restructuring and asset impairment charges in our consolidated statements of income. The further acceleration or extended persistence of the current downturn in the global end markets could have a further negative impact on our business and financial performance. We cannot provide assurance that we will achieve all of the anticipated benefits from restructuring actions we have taken and expect to continue to take. If we are unable to effectively restructure our operations in the light of evolving market conditions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. 2016 Divestiture Impact on Goodwill During 2016, we completed the sale of non-core businesses, see Note 4. As a result of this transaction, goodwill decreased by $1.1 million and $6.5 million in our Industrial and Infrastructure segments, respectively. These decreases are recorded in loss on divestiture in our consolidated statements of income. 2016 Divestiture Impact on Other Intangible Assets The divestiture of non-core businesses completed during 2016 resulted in a reduction of $30.0 million in customer-related, $15.4 million in unpatented technology, $5.0 million in indefinite-lived trademarks, $1.1 million in definite-lived trademarks, $0.8 million in technology-based and other and $0.5 million in contract-based. 2017 Reorganization Impact on Goodwill At the beginning of fiscal 2017, we reorganized our operating structure in a manner that changed the composition of our reporting units. The Industrial and Widia reporting units in fiscal 2017 were formed from the fiscal 2016 Industrial reporting unit. In connection with this reporting unit realignment, during the first quarter of fiscal 2017 we updated our goodwill impairment assessment based on a quantitative analysis. We allocated our goodwill from the former Industrial segment to the current Industrial and Widia segments using a relative fair value approach. We evaluated the goodwill of our reporting units immediately prior to and after the realignment and concluded in both cases that there was no impairment. We performed our annual impairment test during the June quarter of fiscal 2017 and concluded that there was no impairment. PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS We sponsor these types of benefit plans for certain employees and retirees. Accounting for the cost of these plans requires the estimation of the cost of the benefits to be provided well into the future and attributing that cost over either the expected work life of employees or over average life of participants participating in these plans, depending on plan status and on participant population. This estimation requires our judgment about the discount rate used to determine these obligations, expected return on plan assets, rate of future compensation increases, rate of future health care costs, withdrawal and mortality rates and participant retirement age. Differences between our estimates and actual results may significantly affect the cost of our obligations under these plans. In the valuation of our pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities, management utilizes various assumptions. Discount rates are derived by identifying a theoretical settlement portfolio of high quality corporate bonds sufficient to provide for a plan’s projected benefit payments. This rate can fluctuate based on changes in the corporate bond yields. The long-term rate of return on plan assets is estimated based on an evaluation of historical returns for each asset category held by the plans, coupled with the current and short-term mix of the investment portfolio. The historical returns are adjusted for expected future market and economic changes. This return will fluctuate based on actual market returns and other economic factors. The rate of future health care costs is based on historical claims and enrollment information projected over the next year and adjusted for administrative charges. This rate is expected to decrease until 2027. Future compensation rates, withdrawal rates and participant retirement age are determined based on historical information. These assumptions are not expected to significantly change. Mortality rates are determined based on a review of published mortality tables. EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, while diluted earnings per share is calculated to reflect the potential dilution that occurs related to the issuance of capital stock under stock option grants, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. The difference between basic and diluted earnings per share relates solely to the effect of capital stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. For purposes of determining the number of diluted shares outstanding at June 30, 2017, weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share calculations were increased due solely to the dilutive effect of unexercised capital stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and unvested restricted stock units by 0.8 million shares. Unexercised capital stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units of 1.4 million shares at June 30, 2017 were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the option exercise price was greater than the average market price, and therefore the inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. In 2016 and 2015, the effect of unexercised capital stock options and unvested restricted stock units was anti-dilutive as a result of a net loss in the periods and therefore has been excluded from diluted shares outstanding as well as from the diluted earnings per share calculation. REVENUE RECOGNITION We recognize revenue for our products and assembled machines when title and all risks of loss and damages pass to the buyer. Our general conditions of sale explicitly state that the delivery of our products and assembled machines is freight on board shipping point and that title and all risks of loss and damage pass to the buyer upon delivery of the sold products or assembled machines to the common carrier. Our general conditions of sale explicitly state that acceptance of the conditions of shipment are considered to have occurred unless written notice of objection is received by Kennametal within 10 calendar days of the date specified on the invoice. We do not ship products or assembled machines unless we have documentation from our customers authorizing shipment. Our products are consumed by our customers in the manufacture of their products. Historically, we have experienced very low levels of returned products and assembled machines and do not consider the effect of returned products and assembled machines to be material. We have recorded an estimated returned goods allowance to provide for any potential returns. We warrant that products and services sold are free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service when correctly installed, used and maintained. This warranty terminates 30 days after delivery of the product to the customer and does not apply to products that have been subjected to misuse, abuse, neglect or improper storage, handling or maintenance. Products may be returned to Kennametal, only after inspection and approval by Kennametal and upon receipt by the customer of shipping instructions from Kennametal. We have included an estimated allowance for warranty returns in our returned goods allowance. We recognize revenue related to the sale of specialized assembled machines upon customer acceptance and installation, as installation is deemed essential to the functionality of a specialized assembled machine. Sales of specialized assembled machines were immaterial for 2017, 2016 and 2015. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION We recognize stock-based compensation expense for all stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units over the period from the date of grant to the date when the award is no longer contingent on the employee providing additional service (substantive vesting period). We utilize the Black-Scholes valuation method to establish the fair value of all stock option awards. Time vesting stock units are valued at the market value of the stock on the grant date. Performance vesting stock units with a market condition are valued using a Monte Carlo model. Capital stock options are granted to eligible employees at fair market value at the date of grant. Capital stock options are exercisable under specified conditions for up to 10 years from the date of grant. The Kennametal Inc. Stock and Incentive Plan of 2010, as Amended and Restated on October 22, 2013, and as further amended January 27, 2015 (A/R 2010 Plan) and the Kennametal Inc. 2016 Stock and Incentive Plan (2016 Plan) authorize the issuance of up to 9,500,000 shares of the Company’s capital stock plus any shares remaining unissued under the Kennametal Inc. Stock and Incentive Plan of 2002, as amended (2002 Plan). Under the provisions of the A/R 2010 Plan and 2016 Plan participants may deliver stock, owned by the holder for at least six months, in payment of the option price and receive credit for the fair market value of the shares on the date of delivery. The fair market value of shares delivered during 2017, 2016 and 2015 was immaterial. In addition to stock option grants, the A/R 2010 Plan and the 2016 Plan permit the award of stock appreciation rights, performance share awards, performance unit awards, restricted stock awards, restricted unit awards and share awards to directors, officers and key employees. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS Research and development costs of $38.0 million, $39.4 million and $45.1 million in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, were expensed as incurred. These costs are included in operating expense in the consolidated statements of income. SHIPPING AND HANDLING FEES AND COSTS All fees billed to customers for shipping and handling are classified as a component of sales. All costs associated with shipping and handling are classified as a component of cost of goods sold. INCOME TAXES Deferred income taxes are recognized based on the future income tax effects (using enacted tax laws and rates) of differences in the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is “more likely than not” that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES As part of our financial risk management program, we use certain derivative financial instruments. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, hold no derivative instruments for trading purposes. We use derivative financial instruments to provide predictability to the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates on our consolidated results, achieve our targeted mix of fixed and floating interest rates on our outstanding debt. Our objective in managing foreign exchange exposures with derivative instruments is to reduce volatility in cash flow, allowing us to focus more of our attention on business operations. With respect to interest rate management, these derivative instruments allow us to achieve our targeted fixed-to-floating interest rate mix, as a separate decision from funding arrangements, in the bank and public debt markets. We account for derivative instruments as a hedge of the related asset, liability, firm commitment or anticipated transaction, when the derivative is specifically designated as a hedge of such items. We measure hedge effectiveness by assessing the changes in the fair value or expected future cash flows of the hedged item. The ineffective portions are recorded in other expense (income), net. Certain currency forward contracts hedging significant cross-border intercompany loans are considered other derivatives and, therefore, do not qualify for hedge accounting. These contracts are recorded at fair value in the balance sheet, with the offset to other expense (income), net. CASH FLOW HEDGES Currency Forward contracts and range forward contracts (a transaction where both a put option is purchased and a call option is sold) are designated as cash flow hedges and hedge anticipated cash flows from cross-border intercompany sales of products and services. Gains and losses realized on these contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, and are recognized as a component of other expense (income), net when the underlying sale of products or services is recognized into earnings. Interest Rate Floating-to-fixed interest rate swap contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, are entered into from time to time to hedge our exposure to interest rate changes on a portion of our floating rate debt. These interest rate swap contracts convert a portion of our floating rate debt to fixed rate debt. We record the fair value of these contracts as an asset or a liability, as applicable, in the balance sheet, with the offset to accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. FAIR VALUE HEDGES Interest Rate Fixed-to-floating interest rate swap contracts, designated as fair value hedges, are entered into from time to time to hedge our exposure to fair value fluctuations on a portion of our fixed rate debt. These interest rate swap contracts convert a portion of our fixed rate debt to floating rate debt. When in place, these contracts require periodic settlement, and the difference between amounts to be received and paid under the contracts is recognized in interest expense. NET INVESTMENT HEDGES We designate financial instruments as net investment hedges from time to time to hedge the foreign exchange exposure of our net investment in foreign currency-based subsidiaries. The remeasurements of these non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges are calculated each period with changes reported in foreign currency translation adjustment within accumulated other comprehensive loss. Such amounts will remain in accumulated other comprehensive loss unless we complete or substantially complete liquidation or disposal of our investment in the underlying foreign operations. CURRENCY TRANSLATION Assets and liabilities of international operations are translated into U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates throughout the year. The resulting net translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. The local currency is the functional currency of most of our locations. A loss of $6.7 million and gains of $1.6 million and $1.7 million from currency transactions were included in other expense (income), net in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Adopted In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance to simplify the test for goodwill impairment by removing step two of the test. Step two measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The new guidance requires an entity to perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. This standard is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2020; however, early adoption is permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company has chosen to early adopt this guidance effective with the annual goodwill impairment test for 2017. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. In November 2015, the FASB issued guidance on balance sheet classification of deferred taxes. The amendments in this guidance require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position, in comparison to the previous practice of separating deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts on the balance sheet. We adopted this guidance July 1, 2016 on a prospective basis. Therefore, prior period balance sheets were not retrospectively adjusted. Current deferred tax assets of $26.7 million and current deferred tax liabilities of $0.6 million are reported in the June 30, 2016 balance sheet. In May 2015, the FASB issued guidance on disclosures for investments measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. The guidance removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. This guidance was effective for Kennametal for 2017 and was applied retrospectively. See Note 13 in our consolidated financial statements set forth in Item 8 (Note 13). In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance on the presentation of debt issuance costs. The guidance requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. This guidance was effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2016 and was retrospectively applied to all periods presented. Debt issuance costs of $4.7 million and $6.0 million are reported as direct reductions of the carrying amounts of debt liabilities in the balance sheet as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance on accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. The amendments in this update provide guidance to customers about treatment of costs as either capitalized and amortized as an intangible asset or expensed as incurred as a service contract. The amendments provide clarification that costs in arrangements that include software license should be capitalized and amortized, and costs in arrangements that do not include a software license should be expensed as incurred. This standard was effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2016 and was applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Issued In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. This guidance is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2018. We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance on the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The guidance requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. This guidance is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2018. We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The guidance clarifies that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. This guidance is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2018. We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance on classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flow. The guidance addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. This guidance is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2018. We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance on measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides for a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. The scope of this amendment includes valuation of trade receivables. This standard is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2020. We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2016, the FASB issued guidance on narrow scope improvements and practical expedients as part of Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments address collectability criterion and accounting for contracts that do not meet the criteria, presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers, noncash consideration, contract modifications at transition and completed contracts at transition, in addition to a technical correction. This standard is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2018, in conjunction with the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606.” We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. In April 2016, the FASB issued guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing as part of Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this update clarify identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. This standard is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2018, in conjunction with the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606.” We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance intended to simplify equity-based award accounting and presentation. The guidance impacts income tax accounting related to equity-based awards, the classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and the classification on the statement of cash flows. We will adopt the standard effective July 1, 2017. The increase to deferred tax assets of $1.4 million related to cumulative excess tax benefits previously unrecognized will be offset by valuation allowance, due to the valuation allowance position of our U.S. entity. We will also reclassify excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows from financing activities to operating activities, and employee taxes paid when Kennametal withholds shares for tax withholding purposes from operating activities to financing activities, on the consolidated statement of cash flows. See Note 12. In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance on principal versus agent considerations in reporting revenue gross versus net. This guidance is intended to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. As this update serves to clarify existing guidance, it is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance on lease accounting, which replaces the existing guidance in ASC 840, Leases. The standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. This standard is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2019. We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance that defers the effective date of previously issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606.” Under this guidance, the effective date for Kennametal was deferred from July 1, 2017 to July 1, 2018. We are in the process of assessing the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance on subsequent measurement of inventory. The amendments in this update require that inventory other than LIFO be subsequently measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value, as opposed to the current practice of lower of cost or market. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured using LIFO. This standard is effective for Kennametal beginning July 1, 2017. We do not expect this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606.” This ASU replaces nearly all existing U.S. GAAP guidance on revenue recognition. The standard prescribes a five-step model for recognizing revenue, the application of which will require significant judgment. This standard is effective for Kennametal July 1, 2018. Currently, we are analyzing the standard's impact on our customer arrangements and evaluating the new standard against our historical accounting policies and practices, including the timing of revenue recognition. In particular, we are assessing the identification of performance obligations and the impact of variable consideration on the transaction price determination. We have not determined the complete impact of adoption on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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