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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission file number 1-5318
KENNAMETAL INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania |  | 25-0900168
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
525 William Penn Place |  |
Suite 3300 |  |
Pittsburgh, | Pennsylvania |  | 15219
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (412) 248-8000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Capital Stock, par value $1.25 per share | KMT | New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 30, 2020 83,276,032 shares of the Registrant’s Capital Stock, par value $1.25 per share, were outstanding.

Table of Contents
KENNAMETAL INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item No. | Page No.
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1. | Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) Three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) Three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow (Unaudited) Three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7
2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
4. | Controls and Procedures | 30
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
1. | Legal Proceedings | 31
2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
6. | Exhibits | 32
Signatures | 33

2

Table of Contents
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements that do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “should,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximate,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe” and other words of similar meaning and expression in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance or events. We have also included forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q concerning, among other things, our strategy, goals, plans and projections regarding our financial position, liquidity and capital resources, results of operations, market position and product development. These statements are based on current estimates that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, our actual results could vary materially from our current expectations. There are a number of factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. They include: the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our business operations, financial results and financial position and on the industries in which we operate and the global economy generally; other downturns in the business cycle or the economy; our ability to achieve anticipated benefits from our restructuring, simplification and modernization initiatives; risks related to our foreign operations and international markets, such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates, different regulatory environments, trade barriers, exchange controls, and social and political instability; changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate, including environmental, health and safety regulations; potential for future goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges; our ability to protect and defend our intellectual property; continuity and security of information technology infrastructure; competition; our ability to retain our management and employees; demands on management resources; availability and cost of the raw materials we use to manufacture our products; product liability claims; integrating acquisitions and achieving the expected savings and synergies; global or regional catastrophic events; demand for and market acceptance of our products; business divestitures; labor relations; and implementation of environmental remediation matters. We provide additional information about many of the specific risks we face in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other periodic reports we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We can give no assurance that any goal or plan set forth in our forward-looking statements will be achieved and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date made. Except as required by law, we do not intend to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements as a result of future events or developments.
3

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
KENNAMETAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |
Sales | $ | 400,305 |  |  | $ | 518,088 |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | 295,232 |  |  | 379,108 |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 105,073 |  |  | 138,980 |  |  |  |
Operating expense | 93,340 |  |  | 114,191 |  |  |  |
Restructuring and asset impairment charges (Note 6) | 25,577 |  |  | 4,666 |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 3,334 |  |  | 3,747 |  |  |  |
Operating (loss) income | (17,178) |  |  | 16,376 |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 10,578 |  |  | 7,881 |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (4,019) |  |  | (2,681) |  |  |  |
(Loss) income before income taxes | (23,737) |  |  | 11,176 |  |  |  |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | (2,877) |  |  | 3,766 |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income | (20,860) |  |  | 7,410 |  |  |  |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 815 |  |  | 944 |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income attributable to Kennametal | $ | (21,675) |  |  | $ | 6,466 |  |  |  |
PER SHARE DATA ATTRIBUTABLE TO KENNAMETAL SHAREHOLDERS |  |  |
Basic (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.26) |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  |  |
Diluted (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.26) |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 83,318 |  |  | 82,881 |  |  |  |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 83,318 |  |  | 83,487 |  |  |  |

KENNAMETAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (20,860) |  |  | 7,410 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges | 1,210 |  |  | 395 |  |  |  |
Reclassification of unrealized loss on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges | 461 |  |  | 181 |  |  |  |
Unrecognized net pension and other postretirement benefit (loss) gain | (3,310) |  |  | 2,607 |  |  |  |
Reclassification of net pension and other postretirement benefit loss | 2,565 |  |  | 1,960 |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 31,946 |  |  | (35,426) |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 32,872 |  |  | (30,283) |  |  |  |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | 12,012 |  |  | (22,873) |  |  |  |
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 2,093 |  |  | (449) |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Kennametal Shareholders | $ | 9,919 |  |  | (22,424) |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
KENNAMETAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share data) | September 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 98,290 |  |  | $ | 606,684 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $9,372 and $9,430, respectively | 249,992 |  |  | 237,983 |
Inventories (Note 9) | 508,739 |  |  | 522,447 |
Other current assets | 78,700 |  |  | 73,698 |
Total current assets | 935,721 |  |  | 1,440,812 |
Property, plant and equipment: |  |  |
Land and buildings | 369,631 |  |  | 360,256 |
Machinery and equipment | 1,958,599 |  |  | 1,913,967 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (1,274,016) |  |  | (1,235,952) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,054,214 |  |  | 1,038,271 |
Other assets: |  |  |
Goodwill (Note 16) | 275,406 |  |  | 270,580 |
Other intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $142,568 and $137,386, respectively (Note 16) | 130,062 |  |  | 132,568 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 48,617 |  |  | 48,035 |
Deferred income taxes | 46,968 |  |  | 46,782 |
Other | 68,008 |  |  | 60,543 |
Total other assets | 569,061 |  |  | 558,508 |
Total assets | $ | 2,558,996 |  |  | $ | 3,037,591 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Revolving and other lines of credit and notes payable (Note 10) | 46,458 |  |  | 500,368 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 13,454 |  |  | 13,246 |
Accounts payable | 136,076 |  |  | 164,641 |
Accrued income taxes | 17,769 |  |  | 27,938 |
Accrued expenses | 46,153 |  |  | 47,610 |
Other current liabilities | 155,663 |  |  | 144,277 |
Total current liabilities | 415,573 |  |  | 898,080 |
Long-term debt, less current maturities (Note 10) | 593,250 |  |  | 594,083 |
Operating lease liabilities | 35,789 |  |  | 35,372 |
Deferred income taxes | 21,970 |  |  | 21,796 |
Accrued pension and postretirement benefits | 180,697 |  |  | 175,458 |
Accrued income taxes | 9,802 |  |  | 9,584 |
Other liabilities | 35,533 |  |  | 34,430 |
Total liabilities | 1,292,614 |  |  | 1,768,803 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
EQUITY (Note 14) |  |  |
Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000 shares authorized; none issued | — |  |  | — |
Capital stock, $1.25 par value; 120,000 shares authorized; 83,251 and 82,923 shares issued, respectively | 104,064 |  |  | 103,654 |
Additional paid-in capital | 540,374 |  |  | 538,575 |
Retained earnings | 966,596 |  |  | 1,004,898 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (385,648) |  |  | (417,242) |
Total Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity | 1,225,386 |  |  | 1,229,885 |
Noncontrolling interests | 40,996 |  |  | 38,903 |
Total equity | 1,266,382 |  |  | 1,268,788 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,558,996 |  |  | $ | 3,037,591 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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KENNAMETAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (20,860) |  |  | $ | 7,410 |
Adjustments for non-cash items: |  |  |
Depreciation | 27,560 |  |  | 27,328 |
Amortization | 3,334 |  |  | 3,747 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 6,991 |  |  | 8,255 |
Restructuring and asset impairment charges (Note 6) | 1,184 |  |  | 1,191 |
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision | (410) |  |  | 261 |
Other | 879 |  |  | 688 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (6,737) |  |  | 41,606 |
Inventories | 23,291 |  |  | 2,661 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (8,211) |  |  | (47,070) |
Accrued income taxes | (11,573) |  |  | (6,680) |
Accrued pension and postretirement benefits | (6,854) |  |  | (6,328) |
Other | 1,028 |  |  | (5,524) |
Net cash flow provided by operating activities | 9,622 |  |  | 27,545 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (39,345) |  |  | (72,455) |
Disposals of property, plant and equipment | 334 |  |  | 395 |
Other | 48 |  |  | 172 |
Net cash flow used for investing activities | (38,963) |  |  | (71,888) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net increase in notes payable | 1,252 |  |  | 3,338 |
Net decrease in revolving and other lines of credit | (461,500) |  |  | — |
Purchase of capital stock | (50) |  |  | (53) |
The effect of employee benefit and stock plans and dividend reinvestment | (4,732) |  |  | (5,819) |
Cash dividends paid to Shareholders | (16,627) |  |  | (16,565) |
Other | (1,703) |  |  | (866) |
Net cash flow used for financing activities | (483,360) |  |  | (19,965) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 4,307 |  |  | (4,185) |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |  |  |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (508,394) |  |  | (68,493) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 606,684 |  |  | 182,015 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 98,290 |  |  | $ | 113,522 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which include our accounts and those of our majority-owned subsidiaries, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 (the “2020 Annual Report”). The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 was derived from the audited balance sheet included in our 2020 Annual Report. The interim statements are unaudited; however, we believe that all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim periods were made and all adjustments are normal recurring adjustments. The results for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full fiscal year. Unless otherwise specified, any reference to a “year” is to a fiscal year ended June 30. For example, a reference to 2021 is to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021. When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Kennametal Inc. and its subsidiaries.
2.NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," which introduced new guidance for the accounting for credit losses on certain financial instruments. We adopted this ASU on July 1, 2020. The adoption of this new credit loss guidance did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
3.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 11,509 |  |  | $ | 6,337 |
Income taxes | 9,635 |  |  | 9,631 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information: |  |  |
Changes in accounts payable related to purchases of property, plant and equipment | (15,100) |  |  | 200 |
Changes in notes payable related to purchases of property, plant and equipment | 6,309 |  |  | — |

4.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received on the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy consists of three levels to prioritize the inputs used in valuations, as defined below:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
Level 3: Inputs that are unobservable.
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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of September 30, 2020, the fair values of our financial assets and financial liabilities are categorized as follows:

(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 432 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 432 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,659 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,659 |

As of June 30, 2020, the fair values of our financial assets and financial liabilities are categorized as follows:

(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |
Total assets at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,139 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,139 |

(1) Currency and interest rate derivatives are valued based on observable market spot and forward rates and are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
There have been no changes in classification and transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy in the current period.
5. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
As part of our financial risk management program, we use certain derivative financial instruments. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes and, therefore, we do not hold any derivative instruments for trading purposes. We account for derivative instruments as a hedge of the related asset, liability, firm commitment or anticipated transaction, when the derivative is specifically designated and qualifies as a hedge of such items. Our objective in managing foreign exchange exposures with derivative instruments is to reduce volatility in cash flow. We measure hedge effectiveness by assessing the changes in the fair value or expected future cash flows of the hedged item.
The fair value of derivatives designated and not designated as hedging instruments in the condensed consolidated balance sheet are as follows:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |
Other current assets - range forward contracts | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Other assets - forward starting interest rate swap contracts | 431 |  |  | 20 |
Other liabilities - forward starting interest rate swap contracts | (912) |  |  | (2,094) |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments | (480) |  |  | (2,070) |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |
Other current assets - currency forward contracts | — |  |  | 12 |
Other current liabilities - currency forward contracts | (747) |  |  | (45) |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | (747) |  |  | (33) |
Total derivatives | $ | (1,227) |  |  | $ | (2,103) |

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Certain currency forward contracts that hedge significant cross-border intercompany loans are considered as other derivatives and therefore do not qualify for hedge accounting. These contracts are recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, with the offset to other income, net. Losses related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments have been recognized as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Other income, net - currency forward contracts | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  |  |  |

CASH FLOW HEDGES
Currency forward contracts and range forward contracts (a transaction where both a put option is purchased and a call option is sold) are designated as cash flow hedges and hedge anticipated cash flows from cross-border intercompany sales of products and services. Gains and losses realized on these contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and are recognized as a component of cost of goods sold and other income, net when the underlying sale of products or services is recognized into earnings. All contracts expired as of September 30, 2020, and the notional amount of the contracts translated into U.S. dollars at June 30, 2020 was $2.2 million. The time value component of the fair value of range forward contracts is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
During fiscal 2020, we entered into forward starting interest rate swap contracts to hedge a portion of the interest rate risk related to our anticipated refinancing of our Senior Unsecured Notes due in fiscal 2022. We recorded the fair value of these contracts as an asset or a liability, as applicable, in the balance sheet, with the offset to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The notional amount of the contracts at September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020 was $200.0 million. As of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, we recorded assets of $0.4 million and an immaterial amount, respectively, and liabilities of $0.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively, on these contracts, the net effect of which was recorded as a decrease to other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The following represents gains and losses related to cash flow hedges:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  |  |  |
Losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into cost of goods sold and other income, net | $ | 453 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  |  |  |

No portion of the gains or losses recognized in earnings was due to ineffectiveness and no amounts were excluded from our effectiveness testing for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
NET INVESTMENT HEDGES
As of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, we had certain foreign currency-denominated intercompany loans payable with total aggregate principal amounts of €15.9 million designated as net investment hedges to hedge the foreign exchange exposure of our net investment in our Euro-based subsidiaries. The notional value of the contract, which has a maturity date of June 26, 2022 and includes principal and accrued interest, was €16.0 million, or $18.8 million, as of September 30, 2020. A loss of $0.6 million and gain of $1.1 million were recorded as a component of foreign currency translation adjustments in other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

6.RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES
FY20 Restructuring Actions
In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we implemented, and in fiscal 2020 substantially completed, the FY20 Restructuring Actions associated with our simplification/modernization initiative to reduce structural costs, improve operational efficiency and position us for long-term profitable growth. Total restructuring and related charges since inception of $54.8 million were recorded for this program through September 30, 2020, consisting of: $46.5 million in Metal Cutting and $8.3 million in Infrastructure.
FY21 Restructuring Actions
In the second quarter of fiscal 2020, we announced the initiation of restructuring actions in Germany associated with our simplification/modernization initiative, which are expected to reduce structural costs. We agreed with local employee representatives to downsize our Essen, Germany operations instead of the previously proposed closure. Subsequently, we also announced the acceleration of our structural cost reduction plans including the closing of the Johnson City, Tennessee facility. Expected pre-tax charges for the FY21 Restructuring Actions are $90 million to $100 million. Total restructuring and related charges since inception of $70.4 million were recorded for this program through September 30, 2020, consisting of: $64.9 million in Metal Cutting and $5.5 million in Infrastructure. The majority of the remaining charges related to the FY21 Restructuring Actions are expected to be within the Metal Cutting segment.
Restructuring and Related Charges Recorded
We recorded restructuring and related charges of $28.6 million, of which $26.0 million was in Metal Cutting and $2.6 million was in Infrastructure, and $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Of these amounts, restructuring charges totaled $25.6 million and $4.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Restructuring-related charges of $3.0 million and $3.3 million were recorded in cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
As of September 30, 2020, $43.8 million and $14.5 million of the restructuring accrual was recorded in other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of June 30, 2020, $34.9 million and $12.5 million of the restructuring accrual was recorded in other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively. The amounts are as follows:

(in thousands) | June 30, 2020 |  | Expense |  | Asset Write-Down |  |  |  | Translation |  | Cash Expenditures |  | September 30, 2020
Severance | $ | 47,303 |  |  | $ | 24,393 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,591 |  |  | $ | (14,928) |  |  | $ | 58,359 |
Facilities | — |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | (1,184) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | (65) |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 47,366 |  |  | $ | 25,577 |  |  | $ | (1,184) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,593 |  |  | $ | (14,993) |  |  | $ | 58,359 |

7. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock Options
Changes in our stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

| Options |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Life (years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic value (in thousands)
Options outstanding, June 30, 2020 | 646,959 |  |  | $ | 33.60 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (7,000) |  |  | 26.89 |  |  |  |  |
Lapsed or forfeited | (4,514) |  |  | 54.65 |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding, September 30, 2020 | 635,445 |  |  | $ | 33.52 |  |  | 2.7 |  | $ | 1,389 |
Options vested, September 30, 2020 | 635,445 |  |  | $ | 33.52 |  |  | 2.7 |  | $ | 1,389 |
Options exercisable, September 30, 2020 | 635,445 |  |  | $ | 33.52 |  |  | 2.7 |  | $ | 1,389 |

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to options outstanding, and all options were fully vested as of September 30, 2020 and 2019.
There was no cash received from the exercise of options during the three months ended September 30, 2020, and the amount of cash received from the exercise of options during September 30, 2019 was $0.1 million. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was immaterial during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and was $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Restricted Stock Units – Performance Vesting and Time Vesting
Changes in our performance vesting and time vesting restricted stock units for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

| Performance Vesting Stock Units |  | Performance Vesting Weighted Average Fair Value |  | Time Vesting Stock Units |  | Time Vesting Weighted Average Fair Value
Unvested, June 30, 2020 | 554,633 |  |  | $ | 34.26 |  |  | 1,039,695 |  |  | $ | 32.48 |
Granted | 220,876 |  |  | 33.49 |  |  | 695,840 |  |  | 30.96 |
Vested | (69,626) |  |  | 48.20 |  |  | (377,543) |  |  | 33.02 |
Performance metric adjustments, net | (100,000) |  |  | 32.92 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (31,063) |  |  | 33.85 |  |  | (51,310) |  |  | 31.20 |
Unvested, September 30, 2020 | 574,820 |  |  | $ | 32.53 |  |  | 1,306,682 |  |  | $ | 31.57 |

During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, compensation expense related to time vesting and performance vesting restricted stock units was $6.7 million and $7.8 million, respectively. Certain performance metrics related to fiscal 2020 were not met, resulting in an adjustment of 100,000 performance vesting stock units during the three months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested time vesting and performance vesting restricted stock units was $34.2 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.
8.PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
The table below summarizes the components of net periodic pension income:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | 5,775 |  |  | 6,824 |  |  |  |  |
Expected return on plan assets | (13,346) |  |  | (13,456) |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of transition obligation | 23 |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service cost | 8 |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  |
Recognition of actuarial losses | 3,372 |  |  | 2,595 |  |  |  |  |
Settlement gain | — |  |  | (122) |  |  |  |  |
Net periodic pension income | $ | (3,752) |  |  | $ | (3,675) |  |  |  |  |

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The table below summarizes the components of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Interest cost | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service credit | (69) |  |  | (69) |  |  |  |  |
Recognition of actuarial loss | 77 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |
Net periodic other postretirement benefit cost | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  |  |  |

The service cost component of net periodic pension income is reported as a component of cost of goods sold and operating expense. All other components of net periodic pension income and net periodic other postretirement benefit cost are reported as a component of other income, net.
9.INVENTORIES
We used the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method of valuing inventories for 41 percent and 43 percent of total inventories at September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, respectively. Inventory valuations under the LIFO method are based on an annual determination of quantities and costs as of June 30 of each year; therefore, the interim LIFO valuations are based on our projections of expected year-end inventory levels and costs and are subject to any final year-end LIFO inventory adjustments.
Inventories consisted of the following:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020
Finished goods | $ | 313,266 |  |  | $ | 318,071 |
Work in process and powder blends | 183,303 |  |  | 190,041 |
Raw materials | 74,314 |  |  | 75,589 |
Inventories at current cost | 570,883 |  |  | 583,701 |
Less: LIFO valuation | (62,144) |  |  | (61,254) |
Total inventories | $ | 508,739 |  |  | $ | 522,447 |

10.LONG-TERM DEBT AND REVOLVING AND OTHER LINES OF CREDIT
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into the First Amendment (the Amendment) to the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 21, 2018, (as amended by the Amendment, the Credit Agreement). The Credit Agreement is a five-year, multi-currency, revolving credit facility and we use it to augment cash from operations and as an additional source of funds. The Credit Agreement provides for revolving credit loans of up to $700.0 million for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement allows for borrowings in U.S. dollars, euros, Canadian dollars, pounds sterling and Japanese yen. Interest payable under the Credit Agreement is based upon the type of borrowing under the facility and may be (1) LIBOR plus an applicable margin, (2) the greater of the prime rate or the Federal Funds effective rate plus an applicable margin, or (3) fixed as negotiated by us. The Credit Agreement matures in June 2023.
The Credit Agreement requires us to comply with various restrictive and affirmative covenants, including two financial covenants: (1) a maximum leverage ratio where debt, net of domestic cash in excess of $25 million and, as added by the Amendment, sixty percent of the unrestricted cash held outside of the United States, must be less than or equal to 3.5 times trailing twelve months EBITDA (temporarily increased by the Amendment to 4.25 times trailing twelve months EBITDA during the period from September 30, 2020 through and including December 31, 2021), adjusted for certain non-cash expenses and which may be further adjusted, at our discretion, to include up to $120 million (increased from $80 million pursuant to the Amendment) of cash restructuring charges through December 31, 2021; and (2) a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of EBITDA to interest of 3.5 times (as the aforementioned terms are defined in the Credit Agreement). Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by our significant domestic subsidiaries.
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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants of the Credit Agreement and we had $38.5 million of borrowings outstanding and $661.5 million of additional availability. There were $500.0 million of borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2020.
The Company continues to assess the expected conditions in its primary end markets, including the effects of COVID-19 on the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Because the extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic are uncertain, the effects of the pandemic could materially affect our availability to borrow under the Credit Agreement and our compliance with the maximum leverage ratio covenant of the Credit Agreement. To offset some of the uncertainty related to COVID-19, we obtained an Amendment to the Credit Agreement during the first quarter of fiscal 2021, as described above. Additionally, we continue to evaluate when and to what extent we may access the capital markets, including our plan to refinance the $300 million 3.875 percent Senior Unsecured Notes due February 2022 during the current fiscal year. In the event that a refinancing does not occur before the February 2022 maturity date, management believes that the Company will have the ability to repay the February 2022 Notes with projected cash on hand and availability under the Credit Agreement. However, the Company can provide no assurance of this due in part, but not limited to, the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. If over the course of the next year, market conditions do not improve or further deteriorate, the Company may need to take one or a combination of the following additional actions to ensure the Company has adequate access to liquidity and remains in compliance with the maximum leverage ratio covenant of the Credit Agreement, both of which are within the Company’s control: implement additional short-term cost-control actions and undertake new restructuring programs. We have concluded that we will remain in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement and, as a result, will have adequate access to liquidity to satisfy our obligations within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.
Fixed rate debt had a fair market value of $643.4 million and $630.2 million at September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, respectively. The Level 2 fair value is determined based on the quoted market prices for similar debt instruments as of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, respectively.
11.ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
The operation of our business has exposed us to certain liabilities and compliance costs related to environmental matters. We are involved in various environmental cleanup and remediation activities at certain of our locations.
We establish and maintain reserves for certain potential environmental liabilities. At September 30, 2020, the balance of these reserves was $15.7 million, of which $6.1 million was current. At June 30, 2020, the balance of these reserves was $15.6 million, of which $6.1 million was current. The balances as of September 30, and June 30, 2020 include the Company’s resolution of an environmental indemnity claim against the seller of a prior acquisition for which receivables are also recorded in other current and long-term assets. These reserves represent anticipated costs associated with potential remedial requirements and are generally not discounted.
The reserves we have established for potential environmental liabilities represent our best current estimate of the costs of addressing all identified environmental situations, based on our review of currently available evidence, and taking into consideration our prior experience in remediation and that of other companies, as well as public information released by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), other governmental agencies and by the Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) groups in which we are participating. Although our reserves currently appear to be sufficient to cover these potential environmental liabilities, there are uncertainties associated with environmental liabilities, and we can give no assurance that our estimate of any environmental liability will not increase or decrease in the future. The reserved and unreserved liabilities for all environmental concerns could change substantially due to factors such as the nature and extent of contamination, changes in remedial requirements, technological changes, discovery of new information, the financial strength of other PRPs, the identification of new PRPs and the involvement of and direction taken by the government on these matters.
Superfund Sites Among other environmental laws, we are subject to the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), under which we have been designated by the USEPA as a PRP with respect to environmental remedial costs at certain Superfund sites. We have evaluated our claims and liabilities associated with these Superfund sites based upon best currently available information. We believe our environmental accruals are adequate to cover our portion of the environmental remedial costs at the Superfund sites where we have been designated a PRP, to the extent these expenses are probable and reasonably estimable.
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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

12.INCOME TAXES
The effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 12.1 (benefit on a loss) and 33.7 (provision on income), respectively. The year-over-year change is primarily due to the effects of relatively lower pre-tax income in the current quarter.
13.EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, while diluted earnings per share is calculated to reflect the potential dilution that would occur related to the issuance of capital stock under stock option grants, performance awards and restricted stock units. The difference between basic and diluted earnings per share relates solely to the effect of capital stock options, performance awards and restricted stock units.
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the effect of unexercised capital stock options, unvested performance awards and unvested restricted stock units was anti-dilutive as a result of a net loss in the period and therefore has been excluded from diluted shares outstanding as well as from the diluted earnings per share calculation.
The following table provides the computation of diluted shares outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2019:

(in thousands) |  |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding during period |  |  |  | 82,881 |  |  |  |  |
Add: Unexercised stock options and unvested restricted stock units |  |  |  | 606 |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares on which diluted earnings per share is calculated |  |  |  | 83,487 |  |  |  |  |
Unexercised stock options with an exercise price greater than the average market price and restricted stock units not included in the computation because they were anti-dilutive |  |  |  | 649 |  |  |  |  |

14.EQUITY
A summary of the changes in the carrying amounts of total equity, Kennametal Shareholders’ equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three months ending September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

| Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | Capital stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Non-controlling interests |  | Total equity
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | 103,654 |  |  | $ | 538,575 |  |  | $ | 1,004,898 |  |  | $ | (417,242) |  |  | $ | 38,903 |  |  | $ | 1,268,788 |
Net (loss) income | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,675) |  |  | — |  |  | 815 |  |  | (20,860) |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,594 |  |  | 1,278 |  |  | 32,872 |
Dividend reinvestment | 2 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans(2) | 410 |  |  | 1,799 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,209 |
Purchase of capital stock | (2) |  |  | (49) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (51) |
Cash dividends ($0.20 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,627) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (16,627) |
Total equity, September 30, 2020 | $ | 104,064 |  |  | $ | 540,374 |  |  | $ | 966,596 |  |  | $ | (385,648) |  |  | $ | 40,996 |  |  | $ | 1,266,382 |

| Kennametal Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | Capital stock |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Non-controlling interests |  | Total equity
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | 103,026 |  |  | $ | 528,827 |  |  | $ | 1,076,862 |  |  | $ | (373,543) |  |  | $ | 39,532 |  |  | $ | 1,374,704 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,466 |  |  | — |  |  | 944 |  |  | 7,410 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,891) |  |  | (1,392) |  |  | (30,283) |
Dividend reinvestment | 2 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |
Capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans(2) | 516 |  |  | 1,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,384 |
Purchase of capital stock | (2) |  |  | (51) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (53) |
Cash dividends ($0.20 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,565) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,565) |
Total equity, September 30, 2019 | $ | 103,542 |  |  | $ | 530,695 |  |  | $ | 1,066,763 |  |  | $ | (402,434) |  |  | $ | 39,084 |  |  | $ | 1,337,650 |

(2) Net of restricted stock units delivered upon vesting to satisfy tax withholding requirements.
The amounts of comprehensive income attributable to Kennametal Shareholders and noncontrolling interests are disclosed in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
15. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The components of, and changes in, accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL) were as follows, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2020:

(in thousands) | Pension and other postretirement benefits | Currency translation adjustment | Derivatives | Total
Attributable to Kennametal: |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2020 | $ | (232,634) |  | $ | (181,027) |  | $ | (3,581) |  | $ | (417,242) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (3,310) |  | 30,668 |  | 1,210 |  | 28,568 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL | 2,565 |  | — |  | 461 |  | 3,026 |
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income | (745) |  | 30,668 |  | 1,671 |  | 31,594 |
AOCL, September 30, 2020 | $ | (233,379) |  | $ | (150,359) |  | $ | (1,910) |  | $ | (385,648) |
Attributable to noncontrolling interests: |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2020 | $ | — |  | $ | (5,909) |  | $ | — |  | $ | (5,909) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | — |  | 1,278 |  | — |  | 1,278 |
Net current period other comprehensive income | — |  | 1,278 |  | — |  | 1,278 |
AOCL, September 30, 2020 | $ | — |  | $ | (4,631) |  | $ | — |  | $ | (4,631) |

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The components of, and changes in, AOCL were as follows, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2019:

(in thousands) | Pension and other postretirement benefits | Currency translation adjustment | Derivatives | Total
Attributable to Kennametal: |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | (222,270) |  | $ | (147,595) |  | $ | (3,678) |  | $ | (373,543) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 2,607 |  | (34,034) |  | 395 |  | (31,032) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCL | 1,960 |  | — |  | 181 |  | 2,141 |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 4,567 |  | (34,034) |  | 576 |  | (28,891) |
AOCL, September 30, 2019 | $ | (217,703) |  | $ | (181,629) |  | $ | (3,102) |  | $ | (402,434) |
Attributable to noncontrolling interests: |  |  |  |
Balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | — |  | $ | (3,450) |  | $ | — |  | $ | (3,450) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | — |  | (1,392) |  | — |  | (1,392) |
Net current period other comprehensive loss | — |  | (1,392) |  | — |  | (1,392) |
AOCL, September 30, 2019 | $ | — |  | $ | (4,842) |  | $ | — |  | $ | (4,842) |

Reclassifications out of AOCL for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |  | Affected line item in the Income Statement
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward starting interest rate swaps | $ | 635 |  |  | $ | 611 |  |  |  |  |  | Interest expense
Currency exchange contracts | (24) |  |  | (371) |  |  |  |  |  | Cost of goods sold and other income, net
Total before tax | 611 |  |  | 240 |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax impact | (150) |  |  | (59) |  |  |  |  |  | (Benefit) provision for income taxes
Net of tax | $ | 461 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other postretirement benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of transition obligations | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  |  |  |  | Other income, net
Amortization of prior service credit | (61) |  |  | (57) |  |  |  |  |  | Other income, net
Recognition of actuarial losses | 3,449 |  |  | 2,659 |  |  |  |  |  | Other income, net
Total before tax | 3,411 |  |  | 2,624 |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax impact | (846) |  |  | (664) |  |  |  |  |  | (Benefit) provision for income taxes
Net of tax | $ | 2,565 |  |  | $ | 1,960 |  |  |  |  |  |

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The amount of income tax allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

|  | 2020 |  |  |  |  | 2019 |
(in thousands) | Pre-tax | Tax impact | Net of tax |  |  | Pre-tax | Tax impact | Net of tax
Unrealized gain on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges | $ | 1,603 |  | $ | (393) |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  |  | $ | 523 |  | $ | (128) |  | $ | 395 |
Reclassification of unrealized loss on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges | 611 |  | (150) |  | 461 |  |  |  | 240 |  | (59) |  | 181 |
Unrecognized net pension and other postretirement benefit (loss) gain | (4,382) |  | 1,072 |  | (3,310) |  |  |  | 3,469 |  | (862) |  | 2,607 |
Reclassification of net pension and other postretirement benefit loss | 3,411 |  | (846) |  | 2,565 |  |  |  | 2,624 |  | (664) |  | 1,960 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 32,106 |  | (160) |  | 31,946 |  |  |  | (35,579) |  | 153 |  | (35,426) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 33,349 |  | $ | (477) |  | $ | 32,872 |  |  |  | $ | (28,723) |  | $ | (1,560) |  | $ | (30,283) |

16.GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
A summary of the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each segment, as well as the changes in such carrying amounts, is as follows:

(in thousands) | Metal Cutting |  | Infrastructure |  | Total
Gross goodwill | $ | 448,241 |  |  | $ | 633,211 |  |  | $ | 1,081,452 |
Accumulated impairment losses | (177,661) |  |  | (633,211) |  |  | (810,872) |
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | 270,580 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 270,580 |
Activity for the three months ended September 30, 2020: |  |  |  |  |
Change in gross goodwill due to translation | 4,826 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,826 |
Gross goodwill | 453,067 |  |  | 633,211 |  |  | 1,086,278 |
Accumulated impairment losses | (177,661) |  |  | (633,211) |  |  | (810,872) |
Balance as of September 30, 2020 | $ | 275,406 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 275,406 |

The components of our other intangible assets were as follows:

| Estimated Useful Life (in years) |  | September 30, 2020 | June 30, 2020
(in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization
Technology-based and other | 4 to 20 |  | 33,230 |  |  | (23,363) |  |  |  | 32,713 |  |  | (22,612) |
Customer-related | 10 to 21 |  | 182,809 |  |  | (91,448) |  |  |  | 181,408 |  |  | (88,112) |
Unpatented technology | 10 to 30 |  | 31,738 |  |  | (18,590) |  |  |  | 31,586 |  |  | (17,890) |
Trademarks | 5 to 20 |  | 13,200 |  |  | (9,167) |  |  |  | 13,087 |  |  | (8,772) |
Trademarks | Indefinite |  | 11,653 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,160 |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | $ | 272,630 |  |  | $ | (142,568) |  |  |  | $ | 269,954 |  |  | $ | (137,386) |

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

17.SEGMENT DATA
Our reportable operating segments have been determined in accordance with the our internal management structure, which is organized based on operating activities, the manner in which we organize segments for allocating resources, making operating decisions and assessing performance and the availability of separate financial results. We do not allocate certain corporate expenses related to executive retirement plans, our Board of Directors, strategic initiatives, and certain other costs and report them in Corporate. Our former segments, Industrial and Widia, were combined into one Metal Cutting segment as of July 1, 2020, while Infrastructure remains unchanged. Segment results have been retrospectively restated to reflect the change in reportable segments. Our reportable operating segments do not represent the aggregation of two or more operating segments.
METAL CUTTING The Metal Cutting segment develops and manufactures high performance tooling and metal cutting products and services and offers an assortment of standard and custom metal cutting solutions to diverse end markets, including aerospace, general engineering, energy and transportation. The products include milling, hole making, turning, threading and toolmaking systems used in the manufacture of airframes, aero engines, trucks and automobiles, ships and various types of industrial equipment. We leverage advanced manufacturing capabilities in combination with varying levels of customization to solve our customers’ toughest challenges and deliver improved productivity for a wide range of applications. Metal Cutting markets its products under the Kennametal®, WIDIA®, WIDIA Hanita® and WIDIA GTD® brands through its direct sales force, a network of independent and national distributors, integrated supplier channels and via the Internet. Application engineers and technicians are critical to the sales process and directly assist our customers with specified product design, selection, application and support.
INFRASTRUCTURE Our Infrastructure segment produces engineered tungsten carbide and ceramic components, earth-cutting tools, and advanced metallurgical powders, primarily for the energy, earthworks and general engineering end markets. These wear-resistant products include compacts, nozzles, frac seats and custom components used in oil and gas and petrochemical industries; rod blanks and abrasive water jet nozzles for general industries; earth cutting tools and systems used in underground mining, trenching and foundation drilling and road milling; tungsten carbide powders for the oil and gas, aerospace and process industries; and ceramics used by the packaging industry for metallization of films and papers. We combine deep metallurgical and engineering expertise with advanced manufacturing capabilities to deliver solutions that drive improved productivity for our customers. Infrastructure markets its products primarily under the Kennametal® brand and sells through a direct sales force as well as through distributors.
Our sales and operating (loss) income by segment are as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Metal Cutting | $ | 247,876 |  |  | $ | 324,085 |  |  |  |  |
Infrastructure | 152,429 |  |  | 194,003 |  |  |  |  |
Total sales | $ | 400,305 |  |  | $ | 518,088 |  |  |  |  |
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Metal Cutting | $ | (23,626) |  |  | $ | 19,306 |  |  |  |  |
Infrastructure | 7,268 |  |  | (2,690) |  |  |  |  |
Corporate | (820) |  |  | (240) |  |  |  |  |
Total operating (loss) income | (17,178) |  |  | 16,376 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 10,578 |  |  | 7,881 |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (4,019) |  |  | (2,681) |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (23,737) |  |  | $ | 11,176 |  |  |  |  |

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table presents Kennametal's revenue disaggregated by geography:

| Three Months Ended
| September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019
(in thousands) | Metal Cutting |  | Infrastructure |  | Total Kennametal |  | Metal Cutting |  | Infrastructure |  | Total Kennametal
Americas | 39% |  | 55% |  | 45% |  | 42% |  | 63% |  | 50%
EMEA | 37 |  | 21 |  | 31 |  | 37 |  | 18 |  | 30
Asia Pacific | 24 |  | 24 |  | 24 |  | 21 |  | 19 |  | 20

The following tables presents Kennametal's revenue disaggregated by end market:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands) | Metal Cutting |  | Infrastructure |  | Total Kennametal
General engineering | 54% |  | 34% |  | 46%
Transportation | 29 |  | — |  | 18
Aerospace | 9 |  | — |  | 5
Energy | 8 |  | 25 |  | 15
Earthworks | — |  | 41 |  | 16

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands) | Metal Cutting |  | Infrastructure |  | Total Kennametal
General engineering | 52% |  | 34% |  | 45%
Transportation | 28 |  | — |  | 18
Aerospace | 12 |  | — |  | 7
Energy | 8 |  | 29 |  | 16
Earthworks | — |  | 37 |  | 14

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KENNAMETAL INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

OVERVIEW
Kennametal Inc. was founded based on a tungsten carbide technology breakthrough in 1938. The Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1943 as a manufacturer of tungsten carbide metal cutting tooling and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1967. With more than 80 years of materials expertise, the Company is a global industrial technology leader, helping customers across the aerospace, earthworks, energy, general engineering and transportation industries manufacture with precision and efficiency. This expertise includes the development and application of tungsten carbides, ceramics, super-hard materials and solutions used in metal cutting and extreme wear applications to keep customers up and running longer against conditions such as corrosion and high temperatures.
Our standard and custom product offerings span metal cutting and wear applications including turning, milling, hole making, tooling systems and services, as well as specialized wear components and metallurgical powders. End users of our metal cutting products include manufacturers engaged in a diverse array of industries including: the manufacturers of transportation vehicles and components, machine tools and light and heavy machinery; airframe and aerospace components; and energy-related components for the oil and gas industry, as well as power generation. Our wear and metallurgical powders are used by producers and suppliers in equipment-intensive operations such as road construction, mining, quarrying, oil and gas exploration, refining, production and supply.
Throughout the MD&A, we refer to measures used by management to evaluate performance. We also refer to a number of financial measures that are not defined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), including organic sales decline, constant currency regional sales (decline) growth and constant currency end market sales decline. We provide the definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures at the end of the MD&A section as well as details on the use and derivation of these financial measures.
Our sales of $400.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 decreased 23 percent year-over-year, reflecting 21 percent organic sales decline, 1 percent unfavorable currency exchange effect and a 1 percent decline from divestiture. However, the current quarter's sales outpaced the Company's typical seasonal trends, creating some optimism that the economic recovery is starting to gain traction.
Operating loss was $17.2 million compared to operating income of $16.4 million in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year change of $33.6 million was primarily due to organic sales decline, unfavorable labor and fixed cost absorption due to lower volumes and greater restructuring and related charges of $20.7 million, partially offset by approximately $22 million of incremental simplification/modernization benefits, lower raw material costs and cost-control measures. Operating margin was negative 4.3 percent compared to a positive 3.2 percent in the prior year quarter. The Metal Cutting and Infrastructure segments had an operating loss margin of 9.5 percent and operating margin of 4.8 percent, respectively.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China at the end of calendar year 2019 bringing significant uncertainty in our end markets and operations. National, regional and local governments have taken steps to limit the spread of the virus through stay-at-home, social distancing, and various other orders and guidelines. The imposition of these measures has created significant operating constraints on our business. Recognizing the potential for COVID-19 to significantly disrupt operations, we began to deploy safety protocols and processes globally during the March quarter of fiscal 2020 to keep our employees safe while continuing to serve our customers. In fiscal 2020 and in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we did not experience a material disruption in our supply chain. We expect COVID-19 will continue to have a negative effect on customer demand in fiscal 2021 as a result of the disruption and uncertainty it is causing most acutely in the energy, aerospace and transportation end markets. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to affect our business, operating results, financial condition, or liquidity in the future will depend on future developments, including the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions, business and workforce disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken to contain and treat the disease.
In connection with the Company's simplification/modernization initiative, we remain on track for $180 million of expected simplification/modernization savings by the end of fiscal 2021. FY21 Restructuring Actions are expected to deliver annualized savings of $65 million to $75 million, and the expected pre-tax charges are $90 million to $100 million. We recorded $28.6 million of pre-tax restructuring and related charges in the quarter, and total incremental benefits related to simplification/modernization initiatives were approximately $22 million in the current quarter, which includes incremental restructuring savings of approximately $17 million. The Company achieved annualized total savings inception to date from our simplification/modernization initiatives of $123 million.
We reported a current quarter loss per diluted share (LPS) of $0.26. LPS for the current quarter was unfavorably affected by restructuring and related charges of $0.30 per share, partially offset by changes in projected tax rates of $0.01 per share. The earnings per diluted share of $0.08 in the prior year quarter included restructuring and related charges of $0.09 per share.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (MD&A)

We generated net cash flows from operating activities of $9.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $27.5 million during the prior year quarter. Capital expenditures were $39.3 million and $72.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, with the decrease primarily related to lower capital spending on our simplification/modernization initiative.
RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS
SALES
Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were $400.3 million, a decrease of $117.8 million, or 23 percent, from $518.1 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease in sales was driven by 21 percent organic sales decline, a 1 percent unfavorable currency exchange impact and a 1 percent decline from divestiture.

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
(in percentages) | As Reported | Constant Currency |  |
End market sales decline: |  |  |  |
Aerospace | (45)% | (45)% |  |
Energy | (26) | (26) |  |
Transportation | (22) | (21) |  |
General engineering | (21) | (19) |  |
Earthworks | (12) | (11) |  |
Regional sales decline: |  |  |  |
Americas | (31)% | (28)% |  |
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) | (20) | (21) |  |
Asia Pacific | (7) | (6) |  |

GROSS PROFIT
Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $105.1 million, a decrease of $33.9 million from $139.0 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease was primarily due to organic sales decline and unfavorable labor and fixed cost absorption due to lower volumes, partially offset by lower raw material costs and incremental simplification/modernization benefits. Gross profit margin for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 26.2 percent, as compared to 26.8 percent in the prior year quarter.
OPERATING EXPENSE
Operating expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $93.3 million compared to $114.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to cost-control measures and incremental simplification/modernization benefits.
We invested further in technology and innovation during the current quarter to continue delivering high quality products to our customers. Research and development expenses included in operating expense totaled $8.8 million and $10.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES AND ASSET IMPAIRMENT CHARGES
FY20 Restructuring Actions
In the June quarter of fiscal 2019, we implemented, and in fiscal 2020 substantially completed, the FY20 Restructuring Actions associated with our simplification/modernization initiative to reduce structural costs, improve operational efficiency and position us for long-term profitable growth. Total restructuring and related charges since inception of $54.8 million were recorded for this program through September 30, 2020, consisting of: $46.5 million in Metal Cutting and $8.3 million in Infrastructure. Inception to date, we have achieved annualized savings of approximately $35 million related to the FY20 Restructuring Actions.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

FY21 Restructuring Actions
In the September quarter of fiscal 2020, we announced the initiation of restructuring actions in Germany associated with our simplification/modernization initiative, which are expected to reduce structural costs. We agreed with local employee representatives to downsize our Essen, Germany operations instead of the previously proposed closure. Subsequently, we also announced the acceleration of our structural cost reduction plans including the closing of the Johnson City, Tennessee facility. Estimated annualized benefits of the FY21 Restructuring Actions are $65 million to $75 million and the expected pre-tax charges are $90 million to $100 million. Total restructuring and related charges since inception of $70.4 million were recorded for this program through September 30, 2020, consisting of: $65.0 million in Metal Cutting and $5.5 million in Infrastructure. The majority of the remaining charges related to the FY21 Restructuring Actions are expected to be in the Metal Cutting segment. Inception to date, we have achieved annualized savings of approximately $40 million related to the FY21 Restructuring Actions.
Restructuring and Related Charges Recorded
We recorded restructuring and related charges of $28.6 million, of which $26.0 million was in Metal Cutting and $2.6 million was in Infrastructure, and $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Of these amounts, restructuring charges totaled $25.6 million and $4.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Restructuring-related charges of $3.0 million and $3.3 million were recorded in cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased to $10.6 million compared to $7.9 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to the increase in borrowings under the Credit Agreement in the current quarter.
OTHER INCOME, NET
Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased to $4.0 million from $2.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
The effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 12.1 (benefit on a loss) and 33.7 (provision on income), respectively. The year-over-year change is primarily due to the effects of relatively lower pre-tax income in the current quarter.
BUSINESS SEGMENT REVIEW
Effective July 1, 2020, as a result of a change in commercial strategy, organizational structure, and the way performance is assessed and resources are allocated, the Industrial and Widia businesses were combined to form one Metal Cutting business. The Infrastructure business remained unchanged. Therefore, we currently operate in two reportable segments consisting of Metal Cutting and Infrastructure. Our reportable operating segments have been determined in accordance with our internal management structure, which is organized based on operating activities, the manner in which we organize segments for allocating resources, making operating decisions and assessing performance and the availability of separate financial results. We do not allocate certain corporate expenses related to executive retirement plans, our Board of Directors, strategic initiatives, and certain other costs and report them in Corporate.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

Our sales and operating (loss) income by segment are as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Metal Cutting | $ | 247,876 |  |  | $ | 324,085 |  |  |  |  |
Infrastructure | 152,429 |  |  | 194,003 |  |  |  |  |
Total sales | $ | 400,305 |  |  | $ | 518,088 |  |  |  |  |
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Metal Cutting | $ | (23,626) |  |  | $ | 19,306 |  |  |  |  |
Infrastructure | 7,268 |  |  | (2,690) |  |  |  |  |
Corporate | (820) |  |  | (240) |  |  |  |  |
Total operating (loss) income | (17,178) |  |  | 16,376 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 10,578 |  |  | 7,881 |  |  |  |  |
Other income, net | (4,019) |  |  | (2,681) |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (23,737) |  |  | $ | 11,176 |  |  |  |  |

METAL CUTTING

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands, except operating margin) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Sales | $ | 247,876 |  |  | $ | 324,085 |  |  |  |  |
Operating (loss) income | (23,626) |  |  | 19,306 |  |  |  |  |
Operating margin | (9.5) | % |  | 6.0 | % |  |  |  |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |
(in percentages)
Organic sales decline | (23)% |  |
Foreign currency exchange impact(1) | (1) |  |
Sales decline | (24)% |  |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |
(in percentages) | As Reported |  | Constant Currency |  |  |  |
End market sales decline: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aerospace | (45)% |  | (45)% |  |  |  |
Transportation | (22) |  | (21) |  |  |  |
General engineering | (20) |  | (20) |  |  |  |
Energy | (17) |  | (17) |  |  |  |
Regional sales decline: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas | (30)% |  | (29)% |  |  |  |
EMEA | (23) |  | (24) |  |  |  |
Asia Pacific | (11) |  | (9) |  |  |  |

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, Metal Cutting sales decreased 24 percent from the prior year quarter due to the global manufacturing slowdown and deteriorating conditions across all end markets and regions. Aerospace end market sales declined in all regions due to a significant reduction in airplane manufacturing. Transportation end market sales declined in all regions due to continued weakness in auto build rates caused by a slowdown in auto sales. Sales in our general engineering end market declined in all regions as a result of continued lower manufacturing activity, related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Energy sales decreased primarily due to a decline in oil and gas drilling in the Americas, partially offset by continued strength in power generation in China. On a regional basis, the sales decrease in the Americas was driven by declines in all four end markets, while the sales decrease in EMEA was primarily driven by declines in the general engineering and transportation end markets, in addition to a decline in the aerospace end market. The sales decrease in Asia Pacific was primarily driven by declines in the transportation and general engineering end markets, in addition to a decline in the aerospace end market, offset by an increase in sales in the energy end market.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, Metal Cutting operating loss was $23.6 million compared to operating income of 19.3 million in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year change was driven primarily by organic sales decline, unfavorable labor and fixed cost absorption due to lower volumes and greater restructuring and related charges of $19.7 million, partially offset by incremental simplification/modernization benefits, lower raw material costs and cost-control measures.
INFRASTRUCTURE

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Sales | $ | 152,429 |  |  | $ | 194,003 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | 7,268 |  |  | (2,690) |  |  |  |  |
Operating margin | 4.8 | % |  | (1.4) | % |  |  |  |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |
(in percentages)
Organic sales decline | (18)% |  |
Business days impact(2) | 1 |  |
Divestiture impact(3) | (4) |  |
Sales decline | (21)% |  |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |
(in percentages) | As Reported |  | Constant Currency |  |  |  |
End market sales decline: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy | (32)% |  | (31)% |  |  |  |
General engineering | (22) |  | (14) |  |  |  |
Earthworks | (12) |  | (11) |  |  |  |
Regional sales (decline) growth: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas | (31)% |  | (27)% |  |  |  |
EMEA | (10) |  | (9) |  |  |  |
Asia Pacific | — |  | 1 |  |  |  |

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, Infrastructure sales decreased by 21 percent from the prior year quarter. The U.S. oil and gas market drove year-over-year decline in the energy market with U.S. land rig counts down approximately 70 percent compared to the prior year quarter. The sales decline in general engineering was primarily driven by the economic decline and the effect of COVID-19 in all regions, and in the earthworks end market, sales were down year-over-year due to softness in mining in the Americas, partially offset by growth in EMEA and Asia Pacific construction. On a regional basis, the sales decrease in the Americas was primarily driven by declines in the energy end market, and to a lesser extent, declines in the general engineering and earthworks end markets. In EMEA, the sales decrease was driven primarily by a decline in the general engineering end market, partially offset by growth in the earthworks end market and process industries within the energy end market. The increase in sales in Asia Pacific, excluding the unfavorable impact of currency exchange, was driven primarily by growth in the energy end market, partially offset by a decline in the general engineering end market.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, Infrastructure operating income was $7.3 million compared to operating loss of $2.7 million in the prior year quarter. The year-over-year change was driven primarily by lower raw material costs, simplification/modernization benefits and cost-control measures, partially offset by organic sales decline and unfavorable labor and fixed cost absorption due to lower volumes.
CORPORATE

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
Corporate expense | $ | (820) |  |  | $ | (240) |  |  |  |  |

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, Corporate expense increased by $0.6 million from the prior year quarter.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash flow from operations is the primary source of funding for our capital expenditures. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, cash flow provided by operating activities was $9.6 million, primarily due to effects of the net loss offset by working capital adjustments.
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we entered into the First Amendment (the Amendment) to the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 21, 2018, (as amended by the Amendment, the Credit Agreement). The Credit Agreement is a five-year, multi-currency, revolving credit facility and is used to augment cash from operations and as an additional source of funds. The Credit Agreement provides for revolving credit loans of up to $700.0 million for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement allows for borrowings in U.S. dollars, euros, Canadian dollars, pounds sterling and Japanese yen. Interest payable under the Credit Agreement is based upon the type of borrowing under the facility and may be (1) LIBOR plus an applicable margin, (2) the greater of the prime rate or the Federal Funds effective rate plus an applicable margin, or (3) fixed as negotiated by us. The Credit Agreement matures in June 2023.
The Credit Agreement requires us to comply with various restrictive and affirmative covenants, including two financial covenants: (1) a maximum leverage ratio where debt, net of domestic cash in excess of $25 million and, as added by the Amendment, sixty percent of the unrestricted cash held outside of the United States, must be less than or equal to 3.5 times trailing twelve months EBITDA (temporarily increased by the Amendment to 4.25 times trailing twelve months EBITDA during the period from September 30, 2020 through and including December 31, 2021), adjusted for certain non-cash expenses and which may be further adjusted, at our discretion, to include up to $120 million (increased from $80 million pursuant to the Amendment) of cash restructuring charges through December 31, 2021; and (2) a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of EBITDA to interest of 3.5 times (as the aforementioned terms are defined in the Credit Agreement). Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by our significant domestic subsidiaries.
As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all covenants of the Credit Agreement and we had $38.5 million of borrowings outstanding and $661.5 million of additional availability. There were $500.0 million of borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2020.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

The Company continues to assess the expected conditions in its primary end markets, including the effects of COVID-19 on the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Because the extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic are uncertain, the effects of the pandemic could materially affect our availability to borrow under the Credit Agreement and our compliance with the maximum leverage ratio covenant of the Credit Agreement. To offset some of the uncertainty related to COVID-19, we obtained an Amendment to the Credit Agreement during the first quarter of fiscal 2021, as described above. Additionally, we continue to evaluate when and to what extent we may access the capital markets, including our plan to refinance the $300 million 3.875% Senior Unsecured Notes due February 2022 during the current fiscal year. In the event that a refinancing does not occur before the February 2022 maturity date, management believes that the Company will have the ability to repay the February 2022 Notes with projected cash on hand and availability under the Credit Agreement. However, the Company can provide no assurance of this due in part, but not limited to, the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. If over the course of the next year, market conditions do not improve or further deteriorate, the Company may need to take one or a combination of the following additional actions to ensure the Company has adequate access to liquidity and remains in compliance with the maximum leverage ratio covenant of the Credit Agreement both of which are within the Company’s control: implement additional short-term cost-control actions and undertake new restructuring programs. We have concluded that we will remain in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement and, as a result, will have adequate access to liquidity to satisfy our obligations within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, average daily borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement were approximately $430.9 million. We had $38.5 million and $500.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, respectively.
We consider the majority of the unremitted earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested. With regard to these unremitted earnings, we have not, nor do we anticipate the need to, repatriate funds to the U.S. to satisfy domestic liquidity needs arising in the ordinary course of business, including liquidity needs associated with our domestic debt service requirements. With regard to the small portion of unremitted earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested, we maintain a deferred tax liability for foreign withholding and U.S. state income taxes.
In 2012, we received an assessment from the Italian tax authority that denied certain tax deductions primarily related to our 2008 tax return. Attempts at negotiating a reasonable settlement with the tax authority were unsuccessful; and as a result, we decided to litigate the matter. While the outcome of the litigation is still pending, the authority has served notice requiring payment in the amount of €36 million. Accordingly, we requested and were granted a stay and are not currently required to make a payment in connection with this assessment. We continue to believe that the assessment is baseless and accordingly, no income tax liability has been recorded in connection with this assessment in any period. However, if the Italian tax authority were to be successful in litigation, settlement of the amount alleged by the Italian tax authority would result in an increase to income tax expense by as much as €36 million, or $42 million, including penalties and interest of €21 million, or $25 million. A trial date has not yet been set by the Italian court.
At September 30, 2020, cash and cash equivalents were $98.3 million, Total Kennametal Shareholders' equity was $1,225.4 million and total debt was $639.7 million. Our current senior credit ratings are at investment grade levels. We believe that our current financial position, liquidity and credit ratings provide us access to the capital markets. We believe that we have sufficient resources available to meet cash requirements for the next 12 months. We continue to closely monitor our liquidity position and the condition of the capital markets, as well as the counterparty risk of our credit providers. There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments since June 30, 2020.
We are also closely monitoring the rapidly evolving effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business operations, financial results and financial position and on the industries in which we operate.
Cash Flow Provided by Operating Activities
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, cash flow provided by operating activities was $9.6 million, compared to $27.5 million for the prior year period. Cash flow provided by operating activities for the current year period consisted of net income and non-cash items amounting to an inflow of $18.7 million and changes in certain assets and liabilities netting to an outflow of $9.1 million. Contributing to the changes in certain assets and liabilities were a decrease in accrued income taxes of $11.6 million, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $8.2 million, a decrease in accrued pension and postretirement benefits of $6.9 million and an increase in accounts receivable of $6.7 million. Partially offsetting these cash outflows was a decrease in inventories of $23.3 million.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, cash flow provided by operating activities consisted of net income and non-cash items amounting to an inflow of $48.9 million and changes in certain assets and liabilities netting to an outflow of $21.3 million. Contributing to the changes in certain assets and liabilities were a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $47.1 million, a decrease in accrued income taxes of $6.7 million and a decrease in accrued pension and postretirement benefits of $6.3 million. Partially offsetting these cash outflows were a decrease in accounts receivable of $41.6 million and a decrease in inventories of $2.7 million,
Cash Flow Used for Investing Activities
Cash flow used for investing activities was $39.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $71.9 million for the prior year period. During the current year period, cash flow used for investing activities primarily included capital expenditures, net of $39.0 million, which consisted primarily of expenses related to our simplification/modernization initiatives and equipment upgrades.
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, cash flow used for investing activities included capital expenditures, net of $72.1 million, which consisted primarily of expenses related to our simplification/modernization initiatives and equipment upgrades.
Cash Flow Used for Financing Activities
Cash flow used for financing activities was $483.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $20.0 million in the prior year period. During the current year period, cash flow used for financing activities included $461.5 million of a net decrease in the revolving and other lines of credit and $16.6 million of cash dividends paid to Kennametal Shareholders.
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, cash flow used for financing activities included $16.6 million of cash dividends paid to Kennametal Shareholders and $5.8 million of the effect of employee benefit and stock plans and dividend reinvestment, partially offset by a net increase in notes payable of $3.3 million.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Working capital was $520.1 million at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $22.6 million from $542.7 million at June 30, 2020. The decrease in working capital was primarily driven by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $508.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in revolving and other lines of credit and notes payable of $453.9 million and a decrease in accounts payable of $28.6 million. Currency exchange rate effects increased working capital by a total of approximately $16 million, the impact of which is included in the aforementioned changes.
Property, plant and equipment, net increased $15.9 million from $1,038.3 million at June 30, 2020 to $1,054.2 million at September 30, 2020, primarily due to capital additions of approximately $30.5 million and a positive currency exchange impact of approximately $15 million, partially offset by depreciation expense of $27.6 million and disposals of $1.6 million.
At September 30, 2020, other assets were $569.1 million, an increase of $10.6 million from $558.5 million at June 30, 2020. The primary drivers for the increase was an increase in other assets of $7.5 million primarily due to an increase in pension plan assets and an increase in goodwill of $4.8 million due to favorable currency exchange effects of approximately $5 million, partially offset by a decrease in other intangible assets of $2.5 million due to amortization expense of $3.3 million, partially offset by favorable currency exchange effects of approximately $1 million.
Kennametal Shareholders' equity was $1,225.4 million at September 30, 2020, a decrease of $4.5 million from $1,229.9 million at June 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to net loss attributable to Kennametal of $21.7 million and cash dividends paid to Kennametal Shareholders of $16.6 million, partially offset by favorable currency exchange effects of $30.7 million and capital stock issued under employee benefit and stock plans of $2.2 million.
DISCUSSION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies since June 30, 2020.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements set forth in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of new accounting standards.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

RECONCILIATION OF FINANCIAL MEASURES NOT DEFINED BY U.S. GAAP
In accordance with SEC rules, below are the definitions of the non-GAAP financial measures we use in this report and the reconciliation of these measures to the most closely related GAAP financial measures. We believe that these measures provide useful perspective on underlying business trends and results and provide a supplemental measure of year-over-year results. The non-GAAP financial measures described below are used by management in making operating decisions, allocating financial resources and for business strategy purposes. We believe these measures may be useful to investors as they provide supplemental information about business performance and provide investors a view of our business results through the eyes of management. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered by the user in place of the related GAAP financial measure, but rather as supplemental information to our business results. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be the same as similar measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items or events being adjusted.
Organic sales decline Organic sales decline is a non-GAAP financial measure of sales decline (which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure) excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures, business days and foreign currency exchange from year-over-year comparisons. We believe this measure provides investors with a supplemental understanding of underlying sales trends by providing sales growth decline on a consistent basis. Also, we report organic sales decline at the consolidated and segment levels.
Constant currency end market sales decline Constant currency end market sales decline is a non-GAAP financial measure of sales decline (which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure) by end market excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange from year-over-year comparisons. We note that, unlike organic sales decline, constant currency end market sales decline does not exclude the effect of business days. We believe this measure provides investors with a supplemental understanding of underlying end market trends by providing end market sales growth decline on a consistent basis. Also, we report constant currency end market sales decline at the consolidated and segment levels.
Constant currency regional sales (decline) growth Constant currency regional sales (decline) growth is a non-GAAP financial measure of sales (decline) growth (which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure) by region excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange from year-over-year comparisons. We note that, unlike organic sales growth, constant currency regional sales (decline) growth does not exclude the effect of business days. We believe this measure provides investors with a supplemental understanding of underlying regional trends by providing regional sales (decline) growth on a consistent basis. Also, we report constant currency regional sales (decline) growth at the consolidated and segment levels.
Reconciliations of organic sales decline to sales decline are as follows:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  | Metal Cutting |  |  | Infrastructure |  | Total
Organic sales decline |  | (23)% |  |  | (18)% |  | (21)%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1) |  | (1) |  |  | — |  | (1)
Business days effect(2) |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | —
Divestiture effect(3) |  | — |  |  | (4) |  | (1)
Sales decline |  | (24)% |  |  | (21)% |  | (23)%

Reconciliations of constant currency end market sales decline to end market sales decline(4) are as follows:

Metal Cutting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  | General engineering |  | Transportation |  | Aerospace |  | Energy
Constant currency end market sales decline |  | (20)% |  | (21)% |  | (45)% |  | (17)%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1) |  | — |  | (1) |  | — |  | —
End market sales decline(4) |  | (20)% |  | (22)% |  | (45)% |  | (17)%

Infrastructure |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  | Energy |  | Earthworks |  | General engineering
Constant currency end market sales decline |  | (31)% |  | (11)% |  | (14)%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1) |  | — |  | (1) |  | 2
Divestiture effect(3) |  | (1) |  | — |  | (10)
End market sales decline(4) |  | (32)% |  | (12)% |  | (22)%

Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  | General engineering |  | Transportation |  | Aerospace |  | Energy |  | Earthworks
Constant currency end market sales decline |  | (19)% |  | (21)% |  | (45)% |  | (26)% |  | (11)%
Foreign currency exchange effect(1) |  | 1 |  | (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | (1)
Divestiture effect(3) |  | (3) |  | — |  | — |  | (1) |  | —
End market sales decline(4) |  | (21)% |  | (22)% |  | (45)% |  | (26)% |  | (12)%

Reconciliations of constant currency regional sales (decline) growth to reported regional sales decline (growth)(5) are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |
|  | Americas |  | EMEA |  | Asia Pacific |  |  |  |  |  |
Metal Cutting |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Constant currency regional sales decline |  | (29)% |  | (24)% |  | (9)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange effect(1) |  | (1) |  | 1 |  | (2) |  |  |  |  |  |
Regional sales decline(5) |  | (30)% |  | (23)% |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Infrastructure |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Constant currency regional sales (decline) growth |  | (27)% |  | (9)% |  | 1% |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange effect(1) |  | 2 |  | (1) |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Divestiture effect(3) |  | (6) |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Regional sales (decline) growth(5) |  | (31)% |  | (10)% |  | —% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Constant currency regional sales decline |  | (28)% |  | (21)% |  | (6)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange effect(1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Divestiture effect(3) |  | (3) |  | — |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Regional sales decline(5) |  | (31)% |  | (20)% |  | (7)% |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Foreign currency exchange effect is calculated by dividing the difference between current period sales and current period sales at prior period foreign exchange rates by prior period sales.
(2) Business days effect is calculated by dividing the year-over-year change in weighted average working days (based on mix of sales by country) by prior period weighted average working days.
(3) Divestiture effect is calculated by dividing prior period sales attributable to divested businesses by prior period sales.
(4) Aggregate sales for all end markets sum to the sales amount presented on Kennametal's financial statements.
(5) Aggregate sales for all regions sum to the sales amount presented on Kennametal's financial statements.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes to our market risk exposures since June 30, 2020.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company's management evaluated, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). The Company's disclosure controls were designed to provide a reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. However, the controls have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the controls' stated goals. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance at September 30, 2020 that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are party to legal claims and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, which may relate to our operations or assets, including real, tangible or intellectual property. Although certain of these types of actions are currently pending, we do not believe that any individual proceeding is material or that our pending legal proceedings in the aggregate are material to Kennametal. See "Note 12. Environmental Matters" for a discussion of our exposure to certain environmental liabilities.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
July 1 through July 31, 2020 | 73,021 |  |  | $ | 26.96 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,100,100 |
August 1 through August 31, 2020 | 51,821 |  |  | 30.89 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,100,100 |
September 1 through September 30, 2020 | 838 |  |  | 29.94 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,100,100 |
Total | 125,680 |  |  | $ | 28.60 |  |  | — |  |  |

(1)During the current period, 1,718 shares were purchased on the open market on behalf of Kennametal to fund the Company’s dividend reinvestment program. Also, during the current period employees delivered 123,962 shares of restricted stock to Kennametal, upon vesting, to satisfy tax withholding requirements.
(2)On July 25, 2013, the Company publicly announced an amended repurchase program for up to 17 million shares of its outstanding capital stock outside of the Company's dividend reinvestment program.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

30 |  | Material Contracts |  |
10.1 |  | First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of September 10, 2020, to the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 21, 2018, each by and among Kennametal Inc. and Kennametal Europe GmbH (the “Borrowers”), and in the case of such Amendment, to the subsidiaries party thereto as guarantors, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties thereto (the “Lenders”), Bank of America Merrill Lynch International Designated Activity Company (formerly Bank of America Merrill Lynch International Limited), as Euro Swingline Lender, PNC Bank, N.A. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as co-syndication agents (in such capacity, the “Co-Syndication Agents”), Citizens Bank, N.A. (as successor by merger to Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania), MUFG Bank, Ltd. and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as co-documentation agents (in such capacity, the “Co-Documentation Agents”) and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent. |  | Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed September 14, 2020 (File No. 001-05318) is incorporated herein by reference.
10.2 |  | Separation Agreement for Peter A. Dragich |  | Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed September 16, 2020 (File No. 001-05318) is incorporated herein by reference.
31 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications |  |
31.1 |  | Certification executed by Christopher Rossi, President and Chief Executive Officer of Kennametal Inc. |  | Filed herewith.
31.2 |  | Certification executed by Damon J. Audia, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Kennametal Inc. |  | Filed herewith.
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications |  |
32.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Christopher Rossi, President and Chief Executive Officer of Kennametal Inc., and Damon J. Audia, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Kennametal Inc. |  | Filed herewith.
101 |  | XBRL |  |
101.INS (3) |  | XBRL Instance Document |  | Filed herewith.
101.SCH (4) |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | Filed herewith.
101.CAL (4) |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith.
101.DEF (4) |  | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase |  | Filed herewith.
101.LAB (4) |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith.
101.PRE (4) |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith.

(3)The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
(4)Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2020 and June 30, 2020, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| KENNAMETAL INC.
Date: | November 3, 2020 | By: |  | /s/ Patrick S. Watson
| Patrick S. Watson Vice President Finance and Corporate Controller

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