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Note 8 - Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Notes Tables |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate (21% for 2018 and 2017 and 35 % for 2016) |  | $ | (21,263 | ) |  | $ | (23,024 | ) |  | $ | (19,300 | )
State and local income taxes net of federal tax benefit |  |  | (2,547 | ) |  |  | (1,611 | ) |  |  | (1,173 | )
Permanent items |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | 910 |  |  |  | 1,057 |
Rate change |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | 71,155 |  |  |  | 1,080 |
Expiration of attribute carryforwards |  |  | 2,183 |  |  |  | 918 |  |  |  | 559 |
Effect of ASU 2016-09 |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,949 | ) |  |  | - |
Research and development tax credits |  |  | (4,905 | ) |  |  | (1,977 | ) |  |  | (4,681 | )
Orphan drug credit |  |  | - |  |  |  | 564 |  |  |  | 1,798 |
Other |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 1,639 |  |  |  | 822 |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 26,040 |  |  |  | (42,625 | ) |  |  | 19,838 |
Income tax expense |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance at January 1, |  | $ | 4,750 |  |  | $ | 4,255 |
Additions to current period tax positions |  |  | 1,226 |  |  |  | 495 |
Additions to prior period tax positions |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Reductions to prior period tax provisions |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Balance at December 31, |  | $ | 5,976 |  |  | $ | 4,750 |
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block] |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net federal and state operating losses |  | $ | 137,234 |  |  | $ | 117,787 |
Research and development credits |  |  | 59,509 |  |  |  | 55,208 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,854 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 7,108 |  |  |  | 6,424 |
Other |  |  | 5,258 |  |  |  | 2,046 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 209,109 |  |  |  | 183,319 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed assets |  |  | (418 | ) |  |  | (421 | )
Foreign currency derivative |  |  | (231 | ) |  |  | (478 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (649 | ) |  |  | (899 | )
Valuation allowance |  |  | (208,460 | ) |  |  | (182,420 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |

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