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Note 8 - Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Notes Tables  
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]
    2018   2017   2016
Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate (21% for 2018 and 2017 and 35 % for 2016)   $
(21,263
)   $
(23,024
)   $
(19,300
)
State and local income taxes net of federal tax benefit    
(2,547
)    
(1,611
)    
(1,173
)
Permanent items    
503
     
910
     
1,057
 
Rate change    
(29
)    
71,155
     
1,080
 
Expiration of attribute carryforwards    
2,183
     
918
     
559
 
Effect of ASU 2016-09    
-
     
(5,949
)    
-
 
Research and development tax credits    
(4,905
)    
(1,977
)    
(4,681
)
Orphan drug credit    
-
     
564
     
1,798
 
Other    
18
     
1,639
     
822
 
Change in valuation allowance    
26,040
     
(42,625
)    
19,838
 
Income tax expense   $
-
    $
-
    $
-
 
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]
    2018   2017
Balance at January 1,   $
4,750
    $
4,255
 
Additions to current period tax positions    
1,226
     
495
 
Additions to prior period tax positions    
-
     
-
 
Reductions to prior period tax provisions    
-
     
-
 
Balance at December 31,   $
5,976
    $
4,750
 
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]
    2018   2017
Deferred tax assets:                
Net federal and state operating losses   $
137,234
    $
117,787
 
Research and development credits    
59,509
     
55,208
 
Deferred revenue    
-
     
1,854
 
Stock-based compensation    
7,108
     
6,424
 
Other    
5,258
     
2,046
 
Total deferred tax assets    
209,109
     
183,319
 
Deferred tax liabilities:                
Fixed assets    
(418
)    
(421
)
Foreign currency derivative    
(231
)    
(478
)
Total deferred tax liabilities    
(649
)    
(899
)
                 
Valuation allowance    
(208,460
)    
(182,420
)
Net deferred tax assets   $
-
    $
-