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Note 8 - Income Taxes - Differences Between the Company's Effective Tax Rate and the Statutory Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Income tax benefit at federal statutory rate (21% for 2019, 2018 and 2017) $ (22,868) $ (21,263) $ (23,024)
State and local income taxes net of federal tax benefit (1,591) (2,547) (1,611)
Permanent items 691 503 910
Rate change 625 (29) 71,155
Expiration of attribute carryforwards 3,976 2,183 918
Effect of ASU 2016-09 (5,949)
Research and development tax credits (4,938) (4,905) (1,977)
Orphan drug credit 564
Other 281 18 1,639
Change in valuation allowance 23,824 26,040 (42,625)
Income tax expense $ 0 $ 0 $ 0