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Significant Accounting Policies and Concentrations of Risk | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies and Concentrations of Risk | Significant Accounting Policies and Concentrations of Risk The Company BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) is a global biotechnology company focused on developing and commercializing medicines for hereditary angioedema (“HAE”) and other rare diseases, driven by the Company’s deep commitment to improving the lives of people living with these conditions. The Company has built a robust commercial infrastructure to support the launch and continued success of ORLADEYO®, an oral, once-daily therapy discovered and developed internally for the prevention of HAE attacks. The Company’s business strategy includes leveraging this established commercial platform to successfully commercialize a pipeline of potential first-in-class or best-in-class oral small-molecule and injectable protein therapeutics targeting a range of rare diseases. These programs are being pursued through both internal discovery efforts and strategic business development. By utilizing its existing commercial capabilities and focusing on rare disease markets, the Company believes that it can more effectively optimize its costs and strategically allocate resources to support long-term, sustainable growth. The Company was founded in 1986 and incorporated in Delaware in 1991, and its headquarters is located in Durham, North Carolina. The Company’s marketed products include oral, once-daily ORLADEYO® for the prevention of HAE attacks and RAPIVAB® (peramivir injection) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in the United States. ORLADEYO has received regulatory approval in the United States and other global markets. The Company is commercializing ORLADEYO in each of these territories directly or through other parties. In addition to its approval in the United States, peramivir injection has received regulatory approvals in Canada (RAPIVAB), Australia (RAPIVAB), Japan (RAPIACTA), Taiwan (RAPIACTA) and Korea (PERAMIFLU). Based on the Company’s expectations for revenue and operating expenses, the Company believes its financial resources available at September 30, 2025 will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months. The Company may, in the future, issue securities, including common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, purchase contracts, warrants, debt securities and units, through private placement transactions or registered public offerings. The Company’s future liquidity needs, and ability to address those needs, will largely be determined by the success of its products and product candidates; the timing, scope and magnitude of its research and development and commercial expenses; and key developments and regulatory events and its decisions in the future. Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances among the consolidated entities have been eliminated from the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment (see “Note 13—Segment Information”). The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Such financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. There were no adjustments other than normal recurring adjustments. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and the notes thereto included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on February 25, 2025. Interim operating results are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Significant estimates in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been made relative to the calculation of net product sales, royalty financing obligations, inventory reserves, certain accruals, primarily related to the Company’s research and development expenses, the valuation of stock options and the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets resulting from net operating losses. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Assets Held for Sale The Company classifies its long-lived assets to be sold as held for sale when the six criteria in ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment are met. This generally occurs when an agreement to sell exists, or when management has committed to a plan to sell the assets within one year. Assets and liabilities to be disposed of together as a group in a single transaction (“disposal groups”) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts are principally expected to be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. The long-lived assets included in a disposal group are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell, beginning in the period the held for sale criteria are met. Prior to disposal, losses are recognized for any initial or subsequent write-down to fair value less cost to sell. Any gains or losses not previously recognized that result from the sale of a disposal group shall be recognized at the date of sale. Upon designation as an asset held for sale, the Company stops recording depreciation and amortization expense on long-lived assets. The Company assesses the fair value of a long-lived asset less any costs to sell at each reporting period and until the asset is no longer classified as held for sale. Revenue Recognition The Company recorded the following revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Product sales, net | $ | 157,735 |  |  | $ | 116,066 |  |  | $ | 463,952 |  |  | $ | 313,325 |
Collaborative and other revenues | 1,660 |  |  | 1,019 |  |  | 4,330 |  |  | 5,853 |
Total revenues | $ | 159,395 |  |  | $ | 117,085 |  |  | $ | 468,282 |  |  | $ | 319,178 |
Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, Topic 606 includes provisions within a five-step model that includes (i) identifying the contract with a customer, (ii) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determining the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) recognizing revenue when, or as, an entity satisfies a performance obligation. At contract inception, the Company identifies the goods or services promised within each contract, assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct and determines those that are performance obligations. The Company recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied. Product Sales, Net The Company’s principal sources of product sales are sales of ORLADEYO, which the Company began shipping to patients in December 2020, and sales of peramivir (RAPIVAB/RAPIACTA/PERAMIFLU) to the Company’s licensing partners and to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”). In the United States, the Company generally ships ORLADEYO directly to patients through a single specialty pharmacy, which is considered its customer. Outside the United States, the Company sells ORLADEYO to specialty distributors and to hospitals and pharmacies, which collectively are considered its customers. The Company recognizes revenue for sales when the customer obtains control of the product, which generally occurs upon delivery. Net revenue from sales of ORLADEYO is recorded at net selling price (transaction price), which includes reserves for variable consideration such as (i) estimated government rebates, such as Medicaid and Medicare Part D reimbursements, and estimated managed care rebates, (ii) estimated chargebacks, (iii) estimated costs of co-payment assistance programs and (iv) product returns. These reserves, representing the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the applicable contracts and statutory requirements, are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable if no payments are required of the Company or a current liability if a payment is required of the Company. Actual amounts of consideration may differ from the Company’s estimates. If actual results vary from estimates, these estimates are adjusted, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known. Government and Managed Care Rebates. The Company contracts with government agencies and managed care organizations or, collectively, third-party payors, so that ORLADEYO will be eligible for purchase by, or partial or full reimbursement from, such third-party payors. The Company estimates the rebates it will provide to third-party payors and deducts these estimated amounts from total gross product revenues at the time the revenues are recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability. The Company estimates the rebates that it will provide to third-party payors based upon (i) the Company’s contracts with these third-party payors, (ii) the government mandated discounts applicable to government-funded programs, and (iii) product distribution information obtained from the Company’s specialty pharmacy regarding payor mix. Chargebacks. Chargebacks are discounts that occur when certain contracted customers, pharmacy benefit managers, insurance companies, and government programs purchase directly from the Company’s specialty pharmacy. These customers purchase the Company’s product under contracts negotiated between them and the Company’s specialty pharmacy. The specialty pharmacy, in turn, charges back to the Company the difference between the price that the specialty pharmacy paid and the negotiated price paid by the contracted customers, which may be higher or lower than the specialty pharmacy’s purchase price with the Company. The Company estimates chargebacks and adjusts gross product revenues and establishes a current liability at the time revenues are recognized. Co-payment assistance and patient assistance programs. Patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-payment assistance. Based upon the terms of the program and co-payment assistance utilization reports received from the specialty pharmacy, the Company estimates the co-payment assistance amounts, which are recorded in the same period in which the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and establishment of a current liability. The Company also offers a patient assistance program that provides free drug product, for a limited period of time, to allow a patient’s insurance coverage to be established. Based on patient assistance program utilization reports provided by the specialty pharmacy, the Company records gross revenue of the product provided and a full reduction of the revenue amount for the free drug discount. Product returns. The Company does not provide contractual return rights to its customers, except in instances where the product is damaged or defective. Non-acceptance by the patient of shipped drug product by the specialty pharmacy is reflected as a reversal of sales in the period in which the sales were originally recorded. Reserves for estimated non-acceptances by patients are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the period that the related revenue is recognized, as well as a reduction to accounts receivable. Estimates of non-acceptance are based on quantitative information provided by the specialty pharmacy. Collaborative and Other Revenues The Company has collaboration and license agreements with a number of third parties. The Company’s primary sources of revenue from these collaborative and other research and development arrangements are license, service and royalty revenues. Revenue from license fees, royalty payments, milestone payments, and research and development fees are recognized as revenue when the earnings process is complete and the Company has no further continuing performance obligations or the Company has completed the performance obligations under the terms of the agreement. Arrangements that involve the delivery of more than one performance obligation are initially evaluated as to whether the intellectual property licenses granted by the Company represent distinct performance obligations. If they are determined to be distinct, the value of the intellectual property licenses would be recognized up front while the research and development service fees would be recognized as the performance obligations are satisfied. For performance obligations based on services performed, the Company measures progress using an input method based on the effort it expends or costs it incurs toward the satisfaction of the performance obligation in relation to the total estimated effort or costs. Variable consideration is assessed at each reporting period as to whether it is not subject to significant future reversal and, therefore, should be included in the transaction price at the inception of the contract. If a contract includes a fixed or minimum amount of research and development support, this also would be included in the transaction price. Changes to collaborations, such as the extensions of the research term or increasing the number of targets or technology covered under an existing agreement, are assessed for whether they represent a modification or should be accounted for as a new contract. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells the products or services. If a standalone selling price is not directly observable, then the Company estimates the standalone selling price using either an adjusted market assessment approach or an expected cost plus margin approach, representing the amount that the Company believes the market is willing to pay for the product or service. Analyzing the arrangement to identify performance obligations requires the use of judgment, and each may be an obligation to deliver services, a right or license to use an asset, or another performance obligation. Under certain of the Company’s license agreements, the Company receives royalty payments based upon its licensees’ net sales of covered products. Royalties are recognized at the later of when (i) the subsequent sale or usage occurs, or (ii) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based or usage-based royalty has been satisfied. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company generally considers cash equivalents to be all cash held in commercial checking accounts, money market accounts, or investments in debt instruments and certificates of deposit with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these items. Restricted Cash Total restricted cash was $1,979 and $1,610 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and primarily consisted of $1,400 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, for a letter of credit the Company is required to maintain associated with its Birmingham lease. The letter of credit associated with the Birmingham lease of $1,400 is reflected within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Investments The Company invests in high credit quality investments in accordance with its investment policy. The objectives of the Company’s investment policy are to eliminate or greatly minimize the probability of a loss of principal value, maintain sufficient liquidity to meet cash flow requirements, and earn a competitive level of return. The Company places its excess cash with high credit quality financial institutions to limit the amount of its credit exposure. In accordance with its policy, the Company is able to invest in marketable debt securities that may consist of U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S government agency securities, money market funds, certificates of deposits and corporate notes and bonds. The Company’s investment policy requires it to purchase high-quality marketable securities with a maximum individual maturity of two years and requires an average portfolio maturity of no more than 12 months. Some of the securities in which the Company invests may have market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk, the Company schedules its investments with maturities that coincide with expected cash flow needs, thus avoiding the need to redeem an investment prior to its maturity date. Accordingly, the Company does not believe it has a material exposure to interest rate risk arising from its investments. The Company has not realized any significant losses from its investments. The Company classifies all of its investments as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale investments are reported at fair value at each balance sheet date, and include any unrealized holding gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income, unless an unrealized loss is considered to be other than temporary, in which case the unrealized loss is charged to operations. The Company reviews its investments for other than temporary declines in fair value below cost basis at the end of each reporting period and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Factors considered to determine whether an unrealized loss is temporary include whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is due to credit-related factors or non-credit-related factors, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the Company, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment to allow for an anticipated recovery in fair value. A credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes unless deemed other than temporary. Realized gains and losses are reflected in interest and other income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) and are determined using the specific identification method with transactions recorded on a settlement date basis. Investments with original maturities at date of purchase beyond three months and which mature at or less than 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as current. Investments with a maturity beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term. Fair Value Measurements Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis include investments (See “Note 4—Investments”). There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The carrying amounts reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. Trade Receivables The majority of the Company’s trade receivables arise from product sales and primarily represent amounts due from its specialty pharmacy customer in the United States and other third-party distributors, hospitals and pharmacies globally and have standard payment terms that generally require payment within 30 to 90 days. Receivables from collaborations are recorded for amounts due to the Company related to royalty receivables from the Company’s partners, including Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Green Cross, and Torii (See “Note 12—Collaborative and Other Relationships”). The Company provides reserves against trade receivables for estimated losses that may result from a customer’s inability to pay. Receivables are evaluated to determine if any reserve or allowance should be recorded based on consideration of the current economic environment, expectations of future economic conditions, specific circumstances and the Company’s own historical collection experience. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged or written-off against the reserve. Inventory The Company’s inventory primarily relates to ORLADEYO and also includes peramivir. The Company values its inventory at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. The Company determines the cost of its inventory on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Raw materials and work-in-process include all inventory costs prior to packaging and labeling, including raw material, active product ingredient, and the drug product. Finished goods include packaged and labeled products. The Company classifies inventory as long-term when consumption or sale of the inventory is not expected to occur within 12 months from the balance sheet date. The Company’s inventory is subject to expiration dating. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates the carrying value of its inventory and provides valuation reserves for any estimated excess, obsolete, short-dated or unmarketable inventory. In addition, the Company may experience spoilage of its raw materials and supplies. The Company’s determination that a valuation reserve might be required, in addition to the quantification of such reserve, requires it to utilize significant judgment. Additionally, the Company’s inventory is subject to strict quality control and monitoring that is performed throughout the manufacturing process, including release of work-in-process to finished goods. In the event that certain batches or units of product do not meet quality specifications, the Company will record a write-down of any potential unmarketable inventory to its estimated net realizable value and record the expense as cost of product in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Prior to obtaining initial regulatory approval for an investigational product candidate, the Company expenses costs relating to production of pre-launch inventory as research and development expense in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) in the period incurred. After regulatory approval has been received, the Company capitalizes inventory costs. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Computer equipment and office equipment are depreciated over a life of three years. Laboratory equipment, software, and furniture and fixtures are depreciated over a life of five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives or the expected lease term, whichever is less. Construction in progress reflects amounts incurred for construction or improvements of property and equipment that have not been placed in service. The Company periodically reviews its property and equipment for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values. Property and equipment to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Accrued Expenses The Company enters into contractual agreements with third-party vendors who provide research and development, manufacturing, distribution, and other services in the ordinary course of business. Some of these contracts are subject to milestone-based invoicing, and services are completed over an extended period of time. The Company records liabilities under these contractual commitments when it determines an obligation has been incurred, regardless of the timing of the invoice. This process involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with applicable Company personnel to identify services that have been performed on its behalf and estimating the actual work completed and the associated cost incurred for the service when the Company has not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual cost. The majority of service providers invoice the Company monthly in arrears for services performed. The Company makes estimates of accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date in its financial statements based on the facts and circumstances, which can include assumptions such as expected patient enrollment, site activation and estimated project duration. The Company periodically confirms the accuracy of its estimates with the service providers and makes adjustments if necessary. Examples of estimated accrued expenses include (i) fees paid to clinical research organizations (“CROs”) in connection with preclinical and toxicology studies and clinical trials; (ii) fees paid to investigative sites in connection with clinical trials; (iii) fees paid to contract manufacturers in connection with the production of the Company’s raw materials, drug substance, drug products, and product candidates; and (iv) professional fees. The Company bases its expenses related to clinical trials on its estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with multiple research institutions and CROs that conduct and manage clinical trials on the Company’s behalf. The financial terms of these agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows. Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of patients and the completion of clinical trial milestones. The Company accrues costs for clinical trial activities based upon estimates of the actual work completed in accordance with agreements established with third-party vendors. If the Company underestimates or overestimates the level of these costs, actual expenses could differ from such estimates. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying value of accrued expenses approximates their fair value due to their short-term settlement. Cost of Product Sales Cost of product sales includes the cost of producing inventory that is related to product revenue during the respective period, including freight. Cost of product sales may also include costs related to excess or obsolete inventory adjustment charges. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with research activities as well as those with the Company’s product development efforts, conducting preclinical trials, clinical trials and manufacturing activities. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Most of the Company’s clinical and preclinical studies are performed by third-party CROs. Costs for studies performed by CROs are accrued based upon estimates of the actual work completed in accordance with the third-party agreements. Advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. Such amounts are recognized as expense when the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with research activities as well as those associated with product development efforts, conducting pre-clinical trials, clinical trials and manufacturing activities. Direct expenses consist of compensation for research and development personnel and costs of outside parties to conduct laboratory studies, develop manufacturing processes and manufacture the product candidate, conduct and manage clinical trials, as well as other costs related to the Company’s clinical and preclinical studies. Additionally, direct expenses consist of those costs necessary to discontinue and close out a development program, including termination fees and other commitments. Indirect expenses consist of lab supplies and services, facility expenses, depreciation of development equipment and an allocation of its general and administrative overhead costs that support the Company’s research and development efforts. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses are comprised of compensation and benefits and related costs associated with sales and marketing, finance, human resources, legal, information technology, quality, safety and regulatory activities related to marketed products, and other general and administrative personnel. Additionally, selling, general and administrative expenses are comprised of market research, marketing, advertising and legal expenses, including patent costs, licenses and other administrative costs. All patent related costs are expensed to selling, general and administrative expenses when incurred as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain. Leases The Company leases certain assets under operating and finance leases, which consist of real estate leases, laboratory equipment leases and office equipment leases as of September 30, 2025. The Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception. The Company accounts for lease obligations in accordance with ASU 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842), which requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on its balance sheet for most leases. The Company elected the practical expedient that exempts leases with an initial lease term of twelve months or less, as well as the practical expedient that allows companies to select, by class of underlying asset, not to separate lease and non-lease components. Certain of the Company’s operating leases provide for renewal options, which can vary by lease. The right-of-use asset and lease liabilities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represent payments over the lease term, which include renewal options for certain real estate leases that the Company is likely to exercise. Certain operating leases include rent escalation provisions, which the Company recognizes as expense on a straight-line basis. Lease expense for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less was not material. The discount rate used to determine the Company’s right-of-use asset and lease liability is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount in a similar economic environment, as generally an implicit rate in the lease is not readily determinable. The Company has not made any residual value guarantees related to its leases; therefore, the Company has no corresponding liability recorded on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Stock-Based Compensation All share-based payments, including grants of stock option awards and restricted stock unit awards, are recognized in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) based on their fair values. Stock-based compensation cost is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Determining the appropriate fair value model and the related assumptions for the model requires judgment, including estimating the stock price volatility and the expected term. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value its stock option awards and recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company reduces stock-based compensation expense for estimated forfeitures. The estimation of share-based payment awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the Company’s current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. Actual results, and future changes in estimates, may differ substantially from the Company’s current estimates. Interest Expense, Deferred Financing Costs and Royalty Financing Obligations Interest expense primarily relates to the royalty financing obligations (see “Note 7—Royalty Financing Obligations”) and the term loan borrowings under the Pharmakon Loan Agreement (see “Note 8—Deb t”) during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Costs directly associated with the borrowings were capitalized and netted against the corresponding debt liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These costs are amortized to interest expense over the terms of the corresponding borrowings using the effective interest rate method. When utilizing the effective interest method, in periods in which payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest was designated and added to the outstanding principal balance of the borrowing, the amortization of the deferred debt fees and issuance costs was accretive. The royalty financing obligations are eligible to be repaid based on royalties from net sales of ORLADEYO. Interest expense is accrued using the effective interest rate method over the estimated period each of the related liabilities will be paid. This requires the Company to estimate the total amount of future royalty payments to be generated from product sales over the life of the agreement. The Company imputes interest on the carrying value of each of the royalty financing obligations and records interest expense using an imputed effective interest rate. The Company reassesses the expected royalty payments each reporting period and accounts for any changes through an adjustment to the effective interest rate on a prospective basis. The assumptions used in determining the expected repayment term of the debt and amortization period of the issuance costs require that the Company make estimates that could impact the carrying value of each of the liabilities, as well as the periods over which associated issuance costs will be amortized. A significant increase or decrease in forecasted net sales could materially impact each of the liability balances, interest expense and the time periods for repayment. Income Taxes The liability method is used in the Company’s accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against substantially all potential tax assets, due to uncertainties in its ability to utilize deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating losses carried forward, before they expire. The valuation allowance is based on estimates of future earnings in each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates and the period over which its deferred tax assets will be recoverable. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Uncertain tax positions are recorded based upon certain recognition and measurement criteria. The Company re-evaluates uncertain tax positions and considers various factors, including, but not limited to, changes in tax law and the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns. The Company adjusts the amount of the liability to reflect any subsequent changes in the relevant facts and circumstances surrounding the uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Beginning in fiscal year 2021, the Company began accruing for U.S. state taxes and foreign income taxes as a result of increased nexus in both U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions where historically the Company had no presence and where no net operating losses had historically been established. In addition, starting in 2022, amendments to Section 174 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”), no longer permit an immediate deduction for research and development expenditures conducted on foreign soil in the tax year that such costs are incurred. Instead, these IRC Section 174 development costs must now be capitalized and amortized over a 15-year period. The new amortization period begins with the midpoint of any taxable year that IRC Section 174 costs are first incurred, regardless of whether the expenditures were made prior to or after July 1, and runs until the midpoint of year sixteen. Certain countries in which the Company has operations have adopted legislation influenced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) Pillar Two rules, including a minimum tax rate of 15%. It is uncertain whether the U.S. will enact legislation to adopt the Pillar Two framework. While the Company is currently not within the scope of the rules, it is continuing to review and evaluate additional guidance released by the OECD, along with the pending legislative adoption by additional individual countries where the Company operates. On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was signed into law, making permanent certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including permanent 100% bonus depreciation, expensing of domestic research costs, and amendments to the business interest expense limitation. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, the Company has recognized the effects of the new tax law in the period of enactment. As the Company maintains a full valuation allowance on its U.S. federal deferred tax assets, the legislation does not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Foreign Currency The functional currency of each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is primarily the local currency of the country in which the subsidiary operates. The Company’s asset and liability accounts are translated at the current exchange rate as of the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rate over the period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars are accumulated as a separate component of stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income. Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are included in foreign currency losses, net, within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic net income (loss) per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive common shares during the period as determined by using the treasury stock method. Potential common equivalent shares are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated other comprehensive income is comprised of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments and is disclosed as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gain and loss amounts on available-for-sale investments are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income and recorded as interest and other income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). There were no realized gains or losses reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Significant Customers and Other Risks Significant Customers The Company’s primary sources of revenue and cash flow are the sales of ORLADEYO in the United States. ORLADEYO is generally distributed through an arrangement with a single specialty pharmacy in the United States. The specialty pharmacy subsequently sells ORLADEYO to its customers (pharmacy benefit managers, insurance companies, government programs and group purchasing organizations) and dispenses product to patients. RAPIVAB is also generally distributed through the same specialty pharmacy in the United States. The specialty pharmacy’s inability or unwillingness to continue these distribution activities could adversely impact the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Revenue where the specialty pharmacy is considered the customer was approximately 88% and 86% of total net revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Revenue where the specialty pharmacy is considered the customer was approximately 88% of total net revenues for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company is distributing ORLADEYO in other global markets directly or through other parties. Risks from Third-Party Manufacturing and Distribution Concentration The Company relies on a single source manufacturer for active pharmaceutical ingredient and finished drug product manufacturing of product candidates in development and on a single specialty pharmacy for distribution of approved drug product in the United States. Delays or disruption in the manufacture or distribution of any product could adversely impact the future procurement stockpiling of the Company’s commercial product, commercial revenue and product candidates. Further, the Company’s drug development activities are performed by a limited group of third-party vendors. If any of these vendors were unable to perform its services, this could significantly impact the Company’s ability to complete its drug development activities. Credit Risk Cash equivalents and investments are financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of risk to the extent recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company deposits excess cash with major financial institutions in the United States. Balances may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. The Company believes it has established guidelines for investment of its excess cash relative to diversification and maturities that maintain safety and liquidity. To minimize the exposure due to adverse shifts in interest rates, the Company maintains a portfolio of investments with an average maturity of approximately 12 months or less. The Company’s receivables from sales of ORLADEYO are primarily due from one customer, resulting in a concentration of credit risk. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements There have been no new accounting pronouncements adopted by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects adoption of this ASU will result in additional disclosures but does not expect it will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, statement of comprehensive income (loss), or statement of cash flows. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires public entities, on an annual and interim basis, to provide disaggregated disclosure of certain income statement expenses into specified categories within the footnotes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2024-03. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which clarifies and modernizes the accounting for costs related to internal-use software, eliminating references to project stages and clarifying the threshold entities apply to begin capitalizing costs. ASU 2025-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2025-06 but does not expect it will have a material effect on its consolidated balance sheet, statement of comprehensive income (loss), or statement of cash flows. The Company does not expect any other recently issued accounting standards to have a material impact to its financial statements or disclosures.

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