INCOME TAXES	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES	NOTE D – INCOME TAXES The effective tax rate was 24.9% and 24.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate was 30.3% and 28.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. State tax rates vary among states and average approximately 6.0% to 6.5%, although some state rates are higher and a small number of states do not impose an income tax. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance, federal alternative fuel and research and development tax credits, changes in tax valuation allowances, and tax expense (benefit) from the vesting of stock awards. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate also resulted from the reversal of an uncertain tax position. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance, tax expense from the vesting of stock awards, and noncash pension settlement expense related to changes in other comprehensive income for which there was no tax benefit. As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s deferred tax liabilities, which will reverse in future years, exceeded the deferred tax assets. The Company evaluated the total deferred tax assets at September 30, 2020 and concluded that, other than for certain deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credit carryforwards, the assets did not exceed the amount for which realization is more likely than not. In making this determination, the Company considered the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets totaled $1.0 million and $0.7 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company had a reserve for uncertain tax positions of $0.9 million at December 31, 2019. The reserve was reversed in the first quarter of 2020 due to the expiration of the statute of limitations. The Company paid federal, state, and foreign income taxes of $9.2 million and $11.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company received refunds of $0.4 million of federal and state income taxes and refunds of less than $0.1 million of state income taxes that were paid in prior years during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

INCOME TAXES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

NOTE D – INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate was 24.9% and 24.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The effective tax rate was 30.3% and 28.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. State tax rates vary among states and average approximately 6.0% to 6.5%, although some state rates are higher and a small number of states do not impose an income tax.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance, federal alternative fuel and research and development tax credits, changes in tax valuation allowances, and tax expense (benefit) from the vesting of stock awards. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate also resulted from the reversal of an uncertain tax position. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance, tax expense from the vesting of stock awards, and noncash pension settlement expense related to changes in other comprehensive income for which there was no tax benefit.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s deferred tax liabilities, which will reverse in future years, exceeded the deferred tax assets. The Company evaluated the total deferred tax assets at September 30, 2020 and concluded that, other than for certain deferred tax assets related to foreign tax credit carryforwards, the assets did not exceed the amount for which realization is more likely than not. In making this determination, the Company considered the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets totaled $1.0 million and $0.7 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company had a reserve for uncertain tax positions of $0.9 million at December 31, 2019. The reserve was reversed in the first quarter of 2020 due to the expiration of the statute of limitations.

The Company paid federal, state, and foreign income taxes of $9.2 million and $11.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company received refunds of $0.4 million of federal and state income taxes and refunds of less than $0.1 million of state income taxes that were paid in prior years during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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