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Noncontrolling Interests
12 Months Ended
Dec. 29, 2019
Noncontrolling Interests  
Noncontrolling Interests

11. Noncontrolling Interests

As of December 29, 2019, there were 192 restaurants that comprise four joint venture arrangements as compared to 183 restaurants in three joint venture arrangements at December 30, 2018.  In the second quarter of 2019, the Company entered into a new joint venture.  See Note 21 for more information.

We are required to report the consolidated net income amounts attributable to the Company and the noncontrolling interests. Additionally, disclosures are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the Company and the interests of the noncontrolling owners, including a disclosure on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Operations of income attributable to the noncontrolling interest holders.

The income before income taxes attributable to these joint ventures for the years ended December 29, 2019, December 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

    

2019

    

2018

    

2017

Papa John’s International, Inc.

$

2,560

$

5,794

$

7,181

Noncontrolling interests

 

791

 

1,599

 

4,233

Total income before income taxes

$

3,351

$

7,393

$

11,414

As of December 29, 2019, the noncontrolling interest holder of two joint ventures have the option to require the Company to purchase their interest, though not currently redeemable.  Since redemption of the noncontrolling interests is outside of the Company’s control, the noncontrolling interests are presented in the caption “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following summarizes changes in our redeemable noncontrolling interests in 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2017

    

$

6,738

 

Net loss

 

(274)

Distributions

 

(1,000)

Balance at December 30, 2018

    

$

5,464

 

Net loss

(519)

Contributions

840

Distributions

 

Balance at December 29, 2019

$

5,785