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us-gaap:AllOtherSegmentsMember 2022-12-26 2023-09-24

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 29, 2024
OR
o Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 0-21660
PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 61-1203323
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification number)

2002 Papa John’s Boulevard |  |
Louisville, KY |  | 40299-2367
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(502) 261-7272
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class: |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common stock, $0.01 par value |  | PZZA |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | x | Accelerated filer | o |
Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | o |
|  | Emerging growth company | o |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
At November 1, 2024, there were 32,641,623 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

INDEX

|  | Page No.
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 2 4, 2023 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and Sept ember 2 4, 2023 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit — Three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 2 4, 2023 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Nine months ended Se ptember 29, 2024 and September 2 4, 2023 | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 41
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 42
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 42
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 42
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 42
Item 5. | Other Information | 43
Item 6. | Exhibits | 44

i

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 17,550 |  |  | $ | 40,587 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 101,804 |  |  | 104,244 |
Notes receivable, current portion |  | 5,728 |  |  | 5,199 |
Income tax receivable |  | 2,414 |  |  | 2,577 |
Inventories |  | 36,488 |  |  | 36,126 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 51,873 |  |  | 42,285 |
Total current assets |  | 215,857 |  |  | 231,018 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 266,508 |  |  | 282,812 |
Finance lease right-of-use assets, net |  | 25,535 |  |  | 31,740 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | 191,194 |  |  | 164,158 |
Notes receivable, less current portion, net |  | 7,346 |  |  | 12,346 |
Goodwill |  | 76,460 |  |  | 76,206 |
Other assets |  | 77,975 |  |  | 76,725 |
Total assets |  | $ | 860,875 |  |  | $ | 875,005 |
Liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests and Stockholders’ deficit |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 62,800 |  |  | $ | 74,949 |
Income and other taxes payable |  | 10,166 |  |  | 17,948 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 139,301 |  |  | 158,167 |
Current deferred revenue |  | 19,645 |  |  | 20,427 |
Current finance lease liabilities |  | 6,962 |  |  | 9,029 |
Current operating lease liabilities |  | 26,001 |  |  | 24,076 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | 5,650 |  |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  | 270,525 |  |  | 304,596 |
Deferred revenue |  | 18,737 |  |  | 20,366 |
Long-term finance lease liabilities |  | 19,921 |  |  | 24,144 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities |  | 180,137 |  |  | 151,050 |
Long-term debt, less current portion, net |  | 721,355 |  |  | 757,422 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 64,882 |  |  | 60,192 |
Total liabilities |  | 1,275,557 |  |  | 1,317,770 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | 937 |  |  | 851 |
Stockholders’ deficit: |  |  |  |
Common stock ($0.01 par value per share; issued 49,282 at September 29, 2024 and 49,235 at December 31, 2023) |  | 493 |  |  | 492 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 449,141 |  |  | 452,290 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (6,580) |  |  | (7,803) |
Retained earnings |  | 242,269 |  |  | 219,027 |
Treasury stock (16,645 shares at September 29, 2024 and 16,747 shares at December 31, 2023, at cost) |  | (1,116,256) |  |  | (1,123,098) |
Total stockholders’ deficit |  | (430,933) |  |  | (459,092) |
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries |  | 15,314 |  |  | 15,476 |
Total Stockholders’ deficit |  | (415,619) |  |  | (443,616) |
Total Liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests and Stockholders’ deficit |  | $ | 860,875 |  |  | $ | 875,005 |

See accompanying notes.
1

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales |  | $ | 168,672 |  |  | $ | 177,195 |  |  | $ | 518,103 |  |  | $ | 532,841 |
North America franchise royalties and fees |  | 33,831 |  |  | 35,041 |  |  | 103,937 |  |  | 105,824 |
North America commissary revenues |  | 210,389 |  |  | 204,887 |  |  | 611,873 |  |  | 624,433 |
International revenues |  | 33,024 |  |  | 42,927 |  |  | 113,433 |  |  | 108,998 |
Other revenues |  | 60,891 |  |  | 62,762 |  |  | 181,271 |  |  | 192,295 |
Total revenues |  | 506,807 |  |  | 522,812 |  |  | 1,528,617 |  |  | 1,564,391 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses |  | 142,403 |  |  | 145,433 |  |  | 419,189 |  |  | 436,922 |
North America commissary expenses |  | 193,818 |  |  | 189,551 |  |  | 561,316 |  |  | 576,434 |
International expenses |  | 19,001 |  |  | 29,796 |  |  | 74,424 |  |  | 67,542 |
Other expenses |  | 55,543 |  |  | 57,587 |  |  | 164,261 |  |  | 177,661 |
General and administrative expenses |  | 13,553 |  |  | 52,173 |  |  | 129,726 |  |  | 154,441 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 17,260 |  |  | 16,404 |  |  | 52,528 |  |  | 46,815 |
Total costs and expenses |  | 441,578 |  |  | 490,944 |  |  | 1,401,444 |  |  | 1,459,815 |
Operating income |  | 65,229 |  |  | 31,868 |  |  | 127,173 |  |  | 104,576 |
Net interest expense |  | (10,629) |  |  | (11,378) |  |  | (32,588) |  |  | (31,674) |
Income before income taxes |  | 54,600 |  |  | 20,490 |  |  | 94,585 |  |  | 72,902 |
Income tax expense |  | 12,812 |  |  | 4,539 |  |  | 25,347 |  |  | 16,546 |
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests |  | 41,788 |  |  | 15,951 |  |  | 69,238 |  |  | 56,356 |
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 20 |  |  | (90) |  |  | (551) |  |  | (351) |
Net income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 41,808 |  |  | $ | 15,861 |  |  | $ | 68,687 |  |  | $ | 56,005 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.28 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 2.10 |  |  | $ | 1.69 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 2.09 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 32,745 |  |  | 32,564 |  |  | 32,701 |  |  | 33,053 |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 32,930 |  |  | 32,800 |  |  | 32,850 |  |  | 33,287 |
Dividends declared per common share |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |

See accompanying notes.
2

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests |  | $ | 41,788 |  |  | $ | 15,951 |  |  | $ | 69,238 |  |  | $ | 56,356 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 2,051 |  |  | (1,854) |  |  | 1,670 |  |  | (7) |
Interest rate swaps (1) |  | (1,059) |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | (103) |  |  | 2,889 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax |  | 992 |  |  | (815) |  |  | 1,567 |  |  | 2,882 |
Income tax effect: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (453) |  |  | 426 |  |  | (367) |  |  | 1 |
Interest rate swaps (2) |  | 239 |  |  | (238) |  |  | 23 |  |  | (664) |
Income tax effect |  | (214) |  |  | 188 |  |  | (344) |  |  | (663) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | 778 |  |  | (627) |  |  | 1,223 |  |  | 2,219 |
Comprehensive income before attribution to noncontrolling interests |  | 42,566 |  |  | 15,324 |  |  | 70,461 |  |  | 58,575 |
Less: comprehensive income, redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | (43) |  |  | (30) |  |  | (233) |  |  | (135) |
Less: comprehensive loss (income), nonredeemable noncontrolling interests |  | 63 |  |  | (60) |  |  | (318) |  |  | (216) |
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 42,586 |  |  | $ | 15,234 |  |  | $ | 69,910 |  |  | $ | 58,224 |

___________________________________
(1) Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into net interest income (expense) include $194 and $591 for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and $203 and $(40) for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively.
(2) The income tax effects of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss were $(43) and $(133) for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and $(46) and $9 for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively.
See accompanying notes.
3

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit
(Unaudited)

|  | Papa John’s International, Inc. |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Common Stock Shares Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries |  | Total Stockholders’ Deficit
For the three months ended September 29, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  | 32,622 |  |  | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | 446,547 |  |  | $ | (7,358) |  |  | $ | 215,800 |  |  | $ | (1,117,140) |  |  | $ | 15,518 |  |  | $ | (446,140) |
Net income (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,808 |  |  | — |  |  | (63) |  |  | 41,745 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 778 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 778 |
Dividends on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | (15,339) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,308) |
Exercise of stock options |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,358 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,358 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | (632) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 632 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax effect of restricted stock awards |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (178) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (178) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (141) |  |  | (141) |
Other |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | (73) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 252 |  |  | — |  |  | 179 |
Balance at September 29, 2024 |  | 32,637 |  |  | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | 449,141 |  |  | $ | (6,580) |  |  | $ | 242,269 |  |  | $ | (1,116,256) |  |  | $ | 15,314 |  |  | $ | (415,619) |
For the nine months ended September 29, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | 32,488 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 452,290 |  |  | $ | (7,803) |  |  | $ | 219,027 |  |  | $ | (1,123,098) |  |  | $ | 15,476 |  |  | $ | (443,616) |
Net income (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,687 |  |  | — |  |  | 318 |  |  | 69,005 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,223 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,223 |
Dividends on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | (45,445) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (45,350) |
Exercise of stock options |  | 22 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,020 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,021 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,903 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,903 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  | 171 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,242) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,242 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax effect of restricted stock awards |  | (52) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,508) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,508) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (480) |  |  | (480) |
Other |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | (417) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |
Balance at September 29, 2024 |  | 32,637 |  |  | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | 449,141 |  |  | $ | (6,580) |  |  | $ | 242,269 |  |  | $ | (1,116,256) |  |  | $ | 15,314 |  |  | $ | (415,619) |

(1) Net income to the Company for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 excludes $43 and $233, respectively, allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.
(2) At September 29, 2024, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $6,580 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $6,186 and net unrealized loss on the interest rate swap agreements of $394.
See accompanying notes.
4

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit (continued)
(Unaudited)

|  | Papa John’s International, Inc. |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Common Stock Shares Outstanding |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2) |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock (3) |  | Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries |  | Total Stockholders’ Deficit
For the three months ended September 24, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at June 25, 2023 |  | 32,394 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 445,964 |  |  | $ | (7,289) |  |  | $ | 207,461 |  |  | $ | (1,127,669) |  |  | $ | 15,562 |  |  | $ | (465,479) |
Net income (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,861 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 15,921 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (627) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (627) |
Dividends on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | (15,190) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,156) |
Exercise of stock options |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,134 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,726 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,726 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | (315) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax effect of restricted stock awards |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (171) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (171) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (328) |  |  | (328) |
Other |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,673) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,755 |  |  | — |  |  | 82 |
Balance at September 24, 2023 |  | 32,473 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 447,699 |  |  | $ | (7,916) |  |  | $ | 208,132 |  |  | $ | (1,123,599) |  |  | $ | 15,294 |  |  | $ | (459,898) |
For the nine months ended September 24, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 25, 2022 |  | 34,736 |  |  | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 449,829 |  |  | $ | (10,135) |  |  | $ | 195,856 |  |  | $ | (922,434) |  |  | $ | 15,729 |  |  | $ | (270,664) |
Net income (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,005 |  |  | — |  |  | 216 |  |  | 56,221 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,219 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,219 |
Dividends on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |  |  | — |  |  | (43,729) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43,641) |
Exercise of stock options |  | 35 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,816 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,817 |
Acquisition of Company common stock (3) |  | (2,523) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (212,444) |  |  | — |  |  | (212,444) |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,224 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,224 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  | 234 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,857) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax effect of restricted stock awards |  | (75) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,279) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,279) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (651) |  |  | (651) |
Other |  | 66 |  |  | — |  |  | (4,122) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,422 |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Balance at September 24, 2023 |  | 32,473 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 447,699 |  |  | $ | (7,916) |  |  | $ | 208,132 |  |  | $ | (1,123,599) |  |  | $ | 15,294 |  |  | $ | (459,898) |

(1) Net income to the Company for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023 excludes $30 and $135, respectively, allocable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests for our joint venture arrangements.
(2) At September 24, 2023, the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $7,916 was comprised of net unrealized foreign currency translation loss of $8,702 and net unrealized gain on the interest rate swap agreements of $786.
(3) Acquisition of Company common stock for the nine months ended September 24, 2023, includes $2,804 of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
See accompanying notes.
5

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

|  |  |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 69,238 |  |  | $ | 56,356 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable |  |  |  |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | 1,348 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  | 52,528 |  |  | 46,815 |
Refranchising and impairment loss |  |  |  |  |  | 17,433 |  |  | — |
Deferred income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 3,877 |  |  | 3,481 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  | 5,903 |  |  | 13,224 |
Gain on disposal of property and equipment |  |  |  |  |  | (42,034) |  |  | — |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | 614 |  |  | 331 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  |  |  |  | 879 |  |  | (11,643) |
Income tax receivable |  |  |  |  |  | 232 |  |  | 7,617 |
Inventories |  |  |  |  |  | (207) |  |  | 3,875 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  |  |  |  | (1,684) |  |  | (2,104) |
Other assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | (5,923) |  |  | 2,057 |
Accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  | (12,389) |  |  | 15,237 |
Income and other taxes payable |  |  |  |  |  | (7,609) |  |  | 1,087 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | (25,837) |  |  | (6,579) |
Deferred revenue |  |  |  |  |  | (2,073) |  |  | (4,166) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  | 55,884 |  |  | 126,936 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  |  |  |  | (46,931) |  |  | (50,905) |
Notes issued |  |  |  |  |  | (154) |  |  | (7,310) |
Repayments of notes issued |  |  |  |  |  | 3,148 |  |  | 5,759 |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (5,599) |
Proceeds from dispositions |  |  |  |  |  | 49,012 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | 2,373 |  |  | 401 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  |  |  |  | 7,448 |  |  | (57,654) |
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (repayments) proceeds of revolving credit facilities |  |  |  |  |  | (31,589) |  |  | 185,789 |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  |  |  |  |  | 1,021 |  |  | 1,816 |
Acquisition of Company common stock |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (210,348) |
Dividends paid to common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  | (45,381) |  |  | (43,641) |
Tax payments for equity award issuances |  |  |  |  |  | (3,508) |  |  | (6,279) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  | (627) |  |  | (651) |
Principal payments on finance leases |  |  |  |  |  | (6,778) |  |  | (5,975) |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | 278 |  |  | 150 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  |  |  |  | (86,584) |  |  | (79,139) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | 215 |  |  | (24) |
Change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | (23,037) |  |  | (9,881) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  |  |  |  | 40,587 |  |  | 47,373 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,550 |  |  | $ | 37,492 |

See accompanying notes.
6

Papa John’s International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 29, 2024
1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 29, 2024. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s,” “Papa Johns” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) for the year ended December 31, 2023.
In discussions of our business, “Domestic” is defined as within the contiguous United States, “North America” includes Canada, and “International” includes the rest of the world other than North America.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Papa John’s International, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Variable Interest Entity
Papa Johns North American restaurants, both Company-owned and franchised, participate in Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc. (“PJMF”), a nonstock corporation designed to operate at break-even as it spends all annual contributions received from the system. PJMF collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs. PJMF is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) that funds its operations with ongoing financial support and contributions from the North American restaurants, of which approximately 85 percent are franchised, and does not have sufficient equity to fund its operations without these ongoing financial contributions. Based on an assessment of the governance structure and operating procedures of PJMF, the Company determined it has the power to control certain significant activities of PJMF, and therefore, is the primary beneficiary. The Company has consolidated PJMF in its financial results in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation.”
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items that are subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for credit losses on accounts and notes receivable, intangible assets, contract assets and contract liabilities including the customer loyalty program obligation, property and equipment, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, gift card breakage, insurance reserves and tax reserves. Although management bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could significantly differ from these estimates.
Noncontrolling Interests
Papa Johns has joint venture arrangements in which there are noncontrolling interests held by third parties that includ ed 98 restaurants at September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023, respectively. Consolidated net income is required to be reported separately at amounts attributable to both the Company and the noncontrolling interests held by third parties.
7

Net income attributable to these joint ventures for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023 was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Papa John’s International, Inc. |  | $ | (46) |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 1,285 |  |  | $ | 821 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | 43 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 135 |
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests |  | (63) |  |  | 60 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 216 |
Total net income |  | $ | (66) |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 1,836 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |

The following summarizes the redemption feature, location and related accounting within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for these joint venture arrangements:

Type of Joint Venture Arrangement |  | Location within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Recorded Value
Joint ventures with no redemption feature |  | Permanent equity |  | Carrying value
Joint ventures with option to require the Company to purchase the noncontrolling interest - not currently redeemable or redemption not probable |  | Temporary equity |  | Carrying value

Deferred Income Tax Accounts and Tax Reserves
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and the related assets and liabilities. The provision for income taxes includes income taxes paid, currently payable or receivable and those deferred. We use an estimated annual effective rate based on expected annual income to determine our quarterly provision for income taxes. The effective income tax rate includes the estimated domestic state effective income tax rate and applicable foreign income tax rates. The effective income tax rate is also impacted by various permanent items and credits, net of any related valuation allowances, and can vary based on changes in estimated annual income. Discrete items are recorded in the quarter in which they occur.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted by tax jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses, capital losses, and foreign tax credits). The effect on deferred taxes due to changes in tax rates is recognized in the period in which the new tax rate is enacted. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we expect to realize. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded within Other assets and Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Tax authorities periodically audit the Company. We record reserves and related interest and penalties for identified exposures as income tax expense. We evaluate these issues on a quarterly basis to adjust for events, such as statute of limitations expirations, court rulings or audit settlements, which may impact our ultimate payment for such exposures.
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability to a market participant. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
•Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to estimate fair value; accordingly, the fair values presented do not necessarily indicate what the Company or its debtholders could realize in a current market exchange.
8

Our financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
September 29, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a) |  | $ | 30,822 |  |  | $ | 30,822 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps (b) |  | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (a) |  | $ | 29,449 |  |  | $ | 29,449 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps (b) |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | — |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps (b) |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | — |

___________________________________
(a)Represents life insurance policies held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which are classified as Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(b)The fair value of our interest rate swaps is based on the sum of all future net present value cash flows. The future cash flows are derived based on the terms of our interest rate swaps, as well as considering published discount factors, and projected Secured Overnight Financing Rates (“SOFR”). Interest rate swaps entered into prior to 2023 were based on London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”).
There were no transfers among levels within the fair value hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 or fiscal year 2023.
The fair value of certain assets and liabilities approximates carrying value because of the short-term nature of the accounts, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net of allowances, and accounts payable. The carrying value of notes receivable, net of allowances, also approximates fair value. The Company’s revolving credit facilities under the Company’s credit agreement approximate carrying value due to their variable market-based interest rate. The Company’s 3.875% senior notes are classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement since the Company estimates the fair value by using recent trading transactions, and have the following estimated fair values and carrying values (excluding the impact of unamortized debt issuance costs) as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

|  | September 29, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
3.875% Senior Notes |  | $ | 400,000 |  |  | $ | 368,608 |  |  | $ | 400,000 |  |  | $ | 352,500 |

Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimates of expected credit losses, even if remote, are based upon historical account write-off trends, facts about the current financial condition of the debtor, forecasts of future operating results based upon current trends of select operating metrics, and macroeconomic factors. Credit quality is monitored through the timing of payments compared to the prescribed payment terms and known facts regarding the financial condition of the franchisee or customer. Account and note balances are charged against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.
9

The following table summarizes changes in our allowances for credit losses for accounts receivable and notes receivable:

(In thousands) |  | Accounts Receivable |  | Notes Receivable
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 8,353 |  |  | $ | 16,092 |
Current period provision for expected credit losses, net |  | 1,612 |  |  | 1,324 |
Write-offs charged against the allowance |  | (1,235) |  |  | — |
Balance at September 29, 2024 |  | $ | 8,730 |  |  | $ | 17,416 |

Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The Company evaluates its property and equipment and other long-lived assets for potential indicators of impairment at least annually, or as facts and circumstances arise that indicate the carrying value of the asset group may not be recoverable. For Domestic Company-owned restaurants, the evaluation is performed at the operating market level while International Company-owned restaurants are evaluated at the restaurant level as these represent the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows and are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset group exceeds the amount of estimated future undiscounted cash flows, the fair value of the asset group is estimated and an impairment loss is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. The assumptions used in the undiscounted cash flow calculation related to future growth are subjective and may be negatively impacted by future changes in operating performance or economic conditions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Segment Disclosures
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure s.” The ASU expands the scope and frequency of segment disclosures and introduces the concept of a “significant expense principle,” which requires entities to disclose significant expense categories and amounts that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within the reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. The ASU also changes current disclosure requirements by allowing entities to report multiple measures of a segment’s profit or loss, provided the reported measures are used by the CODM to assess performance and allocate resources and that the measure closest to GAAP is also provided. Finally, the ASU requires all segment profit or loss and assets disclosures to be provided on both an annual and interim basis and requires entities to disclose the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and shall be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the standard and determining the extent of additional interim and annual segment disclosures that will be required.
Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” The ASU provides for additional levels of details within the required rate reconciliation table to include additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes and requires entities to further disaggregate information about income taxes paid, net of refunds. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and shall be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the standard and determining the extent of additional disclosures that will be required.
3. Leases
Lessor Operating Leases
The Company subleases certain retail space to our franchisees in the UK, which are primarily operating leases. At September 29, 2024, we leased and subleased approximately 350 Papa Johns restaurants to franchisees in the UK. The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the UK are generally 15 years. The Company has the option to negotiate an extension toward the end of the lease term at the landlord’s discretion. The initial lease terms of the franchisee subleases are generally five to ten years. Rental income, primarily derived from properties leased and subleased to franchisees in the UK, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. The Company recognized total sublease income of $2.7 million and $7.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively,
10

and $2.3 million and $8.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively, within Other revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Lease Guarantees
As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of 75 Domestic leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2029. As of September 29, 2024, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was $6.9 million. This contingent liability is not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as it is not probable to occur. The fair value of the guarantee is not material.
Supplemental Cash Flow & Other Information
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  | $ | 1,096 |  |  | $ | 1,128 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  | 6,778 |  |  | 5,975 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases (a) |  | 30,045 |  |  | 28,394 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |  | 3,809 |  |  | 16,518 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | 60,120 |  |  | 17,652 |
Cash received from sublease income |  | 5,287 |  |  | 7,160 |

___________________________________
(a) Included within the change in Other assets and liabilities within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows offset by non-cash operating lease right-of-use asset amortization and lease liability accretion.
4. Papa John’s Marketing Fund, Inc.
PJMF, which is a consolidated VIE where the Company has been identified as the primary beneficiary, collects a percentage of revenues from Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs for all participating Domestic restaurants. Contributions and expenditures are reported on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within Other revenues and Other expenses. PJMF also has a wholly-owned subsidiary, Papa Card, Inc., which administers the Company’s gift card programs.
11

Assets and liabilities of PJMF, which are utilized solely for the Company’s advertising and promotional programs, were as follows in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

|  | September 29, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 3,753 |  |  | $ | 5,494 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 16,250 |  |  | 18,026 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 7,872 |  |  | 2,223 |
Total current assets |  | 27,875 |  |  | 25,743 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 674 |  |  | 674 |
Total assets |  | $ | 28,549 |  |  | $ | 26,417 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 1,509 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 21,515 |  |  | 22,245 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | 5,650 |  |  | — |
Current deferred revenue |  | 3,832 |  |  | 4,327 |
Total current liabilities |  | 31,007 |  |  | 28,081 |
Deferred revenue |  | 2,165 |  |  | 2,627 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 33,172 |  |  | $ | 30,708 |

5. Revenue Recognition
Contract Balances
Our contract liabilities primarily relate to franchise fees, unredeemed gift card liabilities, and loyalty program obligations, which we classify as Deferred revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, the Company recognized $7.8 million and $24.1 million in revenue, respectively, related to deferred revenue compared to $8.1 million and $24.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023.
The following table includes a breakout of contract liability balances (in thousands):

|  | Contract Liabilities
|  | September 29, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | Change
Franchise fee liabilities |  | $ | 19,670 |  |  | $ | 20,564 |  |  | $ | (894) |
Unredeemed gift card liabilities |  | 5,997 |  |  | 6,955 |  |  | (958) |
Customer loyalty program obligations |  | 12,715 |  |  | 13,274 |  |  | (559) |
Total contract liabilities |  | $ | 38,382 |  |  | $ | 40,793 |  |  | $ | (2,411) |

Our contract assets consist primarily of equipment incentives provided to franchisees. Equipment incentives are related to the future value of commissary revenue the Company will receive over the term of the incentive agreement. Contract assets were approximately $13.4 million and $7.9 million, respectively, at September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023, revenue was reduced approximately $1.3 million and $4.0 million and $0.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the amortization of contract assets over the applicable contract terms. Contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The following table (in thousands) includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period.

|  | Performance Obligations by Period
|  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-2 Years |  | 2-3 Years |  | 3-4 Years |  | 4-5 Years |  | Thereafter |  | Total
Franchise fees |  | $ | 2,991 |  |  | $ | 2,615 |  |  | $ | 2,421 |  |  | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | 1,939 |  |  | $ | 4,193 |  |  | $ | 16,334 |

At September 29, 2024, approximately $3.4 million of area development fees related to unopened restaurants and International unearned franchise fees are included in Deferred revenue. Timing of revenue recognition is dependent upon the timing of restaurant openings and franchisees’ revenues. Gift card liabilities, which are included in Deferred revenue, will be recognized in Company-owned restaurant revenues when gift cards are redeemed. The Company will recognize redemption fee revenue in Other revenues when cards are redeemed at franchised restaurant locations.
The Company applies the practical expedient in ASC 606, “Revenue Recognition” and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less.
6. Common Stock
Shares Authorized and Outstanding
The Company has authorized 100.0 million shares of common stock as of September 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, net of repurchased shares of common stock held as treasury stock, were 32.6 million shares at September 29, 2024, compared to 32.5 million shares at December 31, 2023.
Share Repurchase Program
On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. The following table summarizes our repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023:

(In thousands, except average price per share) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
September 29, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,160 |
September 24, 2023 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,160 |
(In thousands, except average price per share) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased (b) |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
September 29, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,160 |
September 24, 2023 |  | 2,523 |  |  | $ | 83.10 |  |  | $ | 209,640 |  |  | $ | 90,160 |

(a) Shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 24, 2023 included 2,176,928 shares repurchased on March 1, 2023 from certain funds affiliated with, or managed by, Starboard Value LP (collectively, “Starboard”), at a price of $82.52 per share, for aggregate consideration of $179.6 million.
(b) Aggregate cost of shares purchased for the nine months ended September 24, 2023 excluded $2.8 million of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Of these costs, $2.1 million were classified as non-cash financing activities during the nine months ended September 24, 2023.
The timing and volume of share repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase programs may be executed at the discretion of management on an opportunistic basis, subject to market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other factors, or pursuant to trading plans or other arrangements. Repurchases under the programs may be made through open market, block, and privately negotiated transactions, including Rule 10b5-1 plans, at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. Repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase programs may be commenced or
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suspended from time to time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice. Funding for the share repurchase programs will be provided through our credit facility, operating cash flow, stock option exercises and cash and cash equivalents.
Dividends
The Company paid ag gregate cash dividends of approximately $45.4 million ($1.38 per share) for the nine months ended September 29, 2024. On October 29, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a fourth quarter dividend of $0.46 per common share (approximately $15.2 million in the aggregate), which will be paid on November 29, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 18, 2024. The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
7. Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding consist of basic weighted average common shares outstanding plus weighted average awards outstanding under our equity compensation plans, which are dilutive securities.
The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 41,808 |  | $ | 15,861 |  | $ | 68,687 |  | $ | 56,005
Basic weighted average number of shares |  | 32,745 |  |  | 32,564 |  | 32,701 |  | 33,053
Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards (a) |  | 185 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 149 |  | 234
Diluted weighted average number of shares |  | 32,930 |  |  | 32,800 |  |  | 32,850 |  | 33,287
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.28 |  | $ | 0.49 |  | $ | 2.10 |  | $ | 1.69
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.27 |  | $ | 0.48 |  | $ | 2.09 |  | $ | 1.68

___________________________________
(a) Excludes 345,000 and 384,000 shares underlying equity awards for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and 48,000 and 147,000 shares underlying awards for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively, as the effect of including such awards would have been anti-dilutive.
8. Debt
Long-term debt, net, consists of the following (in thousands):

|  | September 29, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Senior notes |  | $ | 400,000 |  | $ | 400,000
Revolving facilities (a) |  | 332,412 |  | 364,000
Outstanding debt |  | $ | 732,412 |  | $ | 764,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  | (5,407) |  |  | (6,578) |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | (5,650) |  | —
Total long-term debt, net |  | $ | 721,355 |  | $ | 757,422

___________________________________
(a) Revolving facilities as of September 29, 2024 includes $5.7 million outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility as defined and discussed below.
Senior Notes
On September 14, 2021, the Company issued $400.0 million of 3.875% senior notes (the “Notes”) which will mature on September 15, 2029. Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year at a fixed interest rate of 3.875% per annum. Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements in our
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Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further description of the provisions and covenant requirements under the Senior Notes.
Credit Agreement
The Company’s amended and restated credit agreement, dated September 14, 2021 and amended May 30, 2023 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate available principal amount of $600.0 million (the “PJI Revolving Facility”), of which up to $40.0 million is available as swingline loans and up to $80.0 million is available as letters of credit. The PJI Revolving Facility will mature on September 14, 2026. The remaining availability under the PJI Revolving Facility was approximately $273.2 million as of September 29, 2024. Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further description of the provisions and covenant requirements under the Credit Agreement.
PJMF Revolving Facility
PJMF has a $30.0 million revolving line of credit (the “PJMF Revolving Facility”) pursuant to a Revolving Loan Agreement, dated September 30, 2015, and most recently amended on September 30, 2024. The PJMF Revolving Facility is secured by substantially all assets of PJMF. The PJMF Revolving F acility matures on September 30, 2025, but is subject to annual renewals. The borrowings under the PJMF Revolving Facility accrue interest at a variable rate of a one month SOFR plus 1.975%. The applicable interest rate on the PJMF Revolving facility was 7.2% for the three months ended September 29, 2024. As of September 29, 2024, t he principal amount of debt outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility was approximately $5.7 million and is classified as Current portion of long-term debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The PJMF operating results and the related debt outstanding do not impact the financial covenants under the Company’s Credit Agreement.
Derivative Financial Instruments
On June 23, 2023, the Company entered into a new interest rate swap with an initial notional value of $100.0 million to replace the Company’s prior interest rate swaps, which had a notional value of $125.0 million and matured on April 30, 2023. The objective of the interest rate swap is to mitigate the Company’s exposure to the impact of interest rate changes associated with our variable rate debt under the PJI Revolving Facility. We designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge and assess hedge effectiveness at regular intervals through the maturity date of June 30, 2025. The interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value at each reporting date, and any unrealized gains or losses are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to Net interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affect earnings.
As of September 29, 2024, we have the following interest rate swap agreements:

Effective Dates |  | Floating Rate Debt |  | Fixed Rates
June 23, 2023 through June 30, 2025 |  | $ | 50 million |  | 4.55%
June 23, 2023 through June 30, 2025 |  | $ | 50 million |  | 4.55%

The following table provides information on the location and amounts of our current swaps in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands):

|  | Interest Rate Swap Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value September 29, 2024 |  | Fair Value December 31, 2023
Prepaid and other current assets |  | $ | — |  | $ | 107
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | $ | 479 |  | $ | —
Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | — |  | $ | 483

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The effect of derivative instruments on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands):

Derivatives - Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCL on Derivative |  | Location of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income |  | Amount of (Loss) or Gain Reclassified from AOCL into Income |  | Total Net Interest Expense on Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Interest rate swaps for the three months ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 29, 2024 |  | $ | (820) |  | Interest expense |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | (10,629) |
September 24, 2023 |  | $ | 801 |  | Interest expense |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | (11,378) |
Interest rate swaps for the nine months ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 29, 2024 |  | $ | (80) |  | Interest expense |  | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | (32,588) |
September 24, 2023 |  | $ | 2,225 |  | Interest expense |  | $ | (40) |  |  | $ | (31,674) |

Net interest paid, including payments made or received under the swaps, was $13.9 million and $34.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and $11.2 million and $28.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively.
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9. Restructuring
International Restructuring
In December 2023, the Company announced international transformation initiatives (“International Transformation Plan”) designed to evolve our business structure to deliver an enhanced value proposition to our International customers and franchisees, ensure targeted investments and efficient resource management, and better position our largest markets, including the UK, for long-term profitable growth and brand strength. During the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company commenced approved initiatives under the International Transformation Plan related to establishing new regional hubs across APAC (Asia Pacific), EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa), and Latin America that will be led by experienced general managers and their teams.
During the first quarter of 2024, the Company commenced the next phase of the International Transformation Plan as approved by the Board, which involves strategic restaurant closures and divestitures in the UK. The purpose of this plan is to optimize the Company’s restaurant portfolio in the UK and improve overall profitability by closing unprofitable locations and enhancing profitability across the remaining portfolio of Company-owned restaurants. The execution of this phase of the International Transformation Plan resulted in the closure of 43 underperforming UK Company-owned restaurants and 30 franchised locations closed during the first nine months of 2024. Due to indicators of potential impairment associated with the UK Company-owned and franchised restaurant closures, the Company performed an impairment analysis and determined that the carrying amount of the assets related to the closing UK restaurants were not recoverable. For the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, we recognized impairment charges of $1.1 million and $10.1 million for the amount by which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value of the asset groups. Fair values were determined based on an income approach, specifically a discounted cash flow ("DCF") model, primarily using estimated sublease income considering market rental rates. Management judgment is involved in determining the estimated fair value and includes uncertainties that under different assumptions and circumstances could drive material changes in the fair value determination.
During the second and third quarters of 2024, the Company also completed the refranchising of 60 formerly Company-owned restaurants to primarily existing franchisees, which resulted in a loss on sale of $1.7 million during the nine months ended September 29, 2024. We have completed nearly all of the strategic restaurant closures in the UK market and the Company’s efforts are turning towards growth opportunities and mitigating closure-related costs as we complete optimization of the portfolio.
The following table summarizes restructuring related costs recorded for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2024
Long-lived asset impairment charges |  | $ | 1,145 |  |  | $ | 10,121 |
Loss on franchisee notes receivable |  | 171 |  |  | 1,735 |
Loss on refranchising Company-owned restaurants |  | 7 |  |  | 1,744 |
Professional services and other related costs |  | 2,029 |  |  | 4,730 |
Employee termination costs, net (a) |  | 84 |  |  | 452 |
Operating lease terminations |  | 426 |  |  | 732 |
Total international transformation costs, net |  | $ | 3,862 |  |  | $ | 19,514 |

(a) Includes noncash reversal of $0.1 million related to the forfeiture of unvested stock-based compensation awards during the nine months ended September 29, 2024
The Company has incurred total restructuring related costs of $21.7 million since commencement of the International Transformation Plan, all of which were included in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total estimated pre-tax costs associated with the International Transformation Plan are approximately $25 million to $35 million (inclusive of the $21.7 million incurred through the third quarter of 2024), all of which will be recorded within our International segment, and we expect to incur the remainder of these costs through 2024 and 2025.
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The following table presents changes in the balance of accrued expenses relating to approved initiatives, which are recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

|  | Employee severance |  | Professional services and other related costs |  | Other |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 1,227 |  |  | $ | 527 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 1,783 |
Charges |  | 542 |  |  | 4,730 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,272 |
Payments |  | (1,519) |  |  | (4,181) |  |  | (29) |  |  | (5,729) |
Balance as of September 29, 2024 |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 1,076 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,326 |

10. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including those specifically identified below, consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with ASC 450, “Contingencies,” the Company has made accruals with respect to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.
In re Papa John’s Employee & Franchise Employee Antitrust Litigation is a putative class action filed in December 2018 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. The suit alleges that the “no-poaching” provision previously contained in the Company’s franchise agreement constituted an unlawful agreement or conspiracy in restraint of trade and commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act. On April 14, 2022, the parties reached a settlement in principle to resolve the case. Pursuant to the terms of the proposed settlement, in exchange for the Company’s payment of a total aggregate settlement amount of $5.0 million and other non-monetary consideration, all claims in the action will be dismissed, the litigation will be terminated, and the Company will receive a release. The settlement amount was recorded in General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the first quarter of 2022 and remained accrued in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 29, 2024. The proposed settlement remains subject to approval by the District Court and contains certain customary contingencies. The Company continues to deny any liability or wrongdoing in this matter.
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11. Divestitures
Sale-Leaseback of Texas and Florida Quality Control Centers
On August 2, 2024, the Company finalized the sale and subsequent leaseback of two Domestic Quality Control Center properties (“QC Centers”) in Texas and Florida for an aggregate purchase price of $46.7 million. Under the terms of the leases, each of which commenced on August 2, 2024, we will lease the QC Centers for 17 years with two five-year renewal options. The Company will pay annual rents under the operating leases of the Texas and Florida QC Centers of $2.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the first year with annual rents increasing by 2.75% thereafter. During the three months ended September 29, 2024, we recorded a pre-tax gain on sale of approximately $41.3 million, net of transaction costs, which was recorded within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and sales proceeds of $46.7 million were recorded as investing cash inflows within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Refranchising Loss
On September 30, 2024, the Company refranchised 15 Domestic Company-owned restaurants to an existing franchisee for a purchase price of approximately $2.6 million. In connection with the divestiture, we recorded non-cash charges of $1.5 million and $5.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 to remeasure the net assets within the disposal group to fair value, less estimated costs to sell. The remeasurement charges were recorded within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
12. Segment Information
We have four reportable segments: Domestic Company-owned restaurants, North America franchising, North America commissaries, and International operations. The Domestic Company-owned restaurant segment consists of the operations of all Domestic Company-owned restaurants and derives its revenues principally from retail sales of pizza, Papadias, and side items, including breadsticks, Papa Bites, cheesesticks, boneless chicken wings and bone-in chicken wings, dessert items and canned or bottled beverages. The North America franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and collection of royalties from our franchisees located in the United States and Canada. The North America commissary segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers and derives its revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to Domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada. The International segment consists of the operations of all Company-owned restaurants located in the UK, as well as distribution sales to franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the UK and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees. All other business units that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments, which are not operating segments, we refer to as “all other,” which consists of operations that derive revenues from the sale, principally to Company-owned and franchised restaurants, of information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms, as well as franchise contributions to marketing funds.
Generally, we evaluate performance and allocate resources based on operating income. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to segments based upon predetermined rates or estimated resource usage. We account for intercompany sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties and eliminate the activity in consolidation.
Our reportable segments are business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues.
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The following tables present our segment information.

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | $ | 168,672 |  | $ | 177,195 |  | $ | 518,103 |  | $ | 532,841
North America franchising |  | 33,831 |  | 35,041 |  | 103,937 |  | 105,824
North America commissaries |  | 210,389 |  | 204,887 |  | 611,873 |  | 624,433
International |  | 39,098 |  | 48,481 |  | 132,318 |  | 128,539
All others |  | 54,817 |  | 57,208 |  | 162,386 |  | 172,754
Total revenues |  | $ | 506,807 |  | $ | 522,812 |  | $ | 1,528,617 |  | $ | 1,564,391
Intersegment revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America franchising |  | $ | 1,011 |  | $ | 1,040 |  | $ | 3,101 |  | $ | 3,117
North America commissaries |  | 52,063 |  | 51,237 |  | 151,633 |  | 154,640
All others |  | 13,472 |  | 16,180 |  | 40,422 |  | 49,363
Total intersegment revenues |  | $ | 66,546 |  | $ | 68,457 |  | $ | 195,156 |  | $ | 207,120
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurants (a) |  | $ | (1,748) |  | $ | 6,147 |  | $ | 13,388 |  | $ | 19,438
North America franchising |  | 31,865 |  | 32,234 |  | 97,985 |  | 97,745
North America commissaries (b) |  | 53,599 |  | 10,691 |  | 77,337 |  | 31,818
International (c) |  | 42 |  | 2,270 |  | (8,612) |  | 13,265
All others |  | 2,834 |  | 2,379 |  | 8,202 |  | 6,879
Unallocated corporate expenses (d) |  | (21,106) |  |  | (20,792) |  |  | (60,346) |  |  | (63,859) |
Elimination of intersegment (profits) losses |  | (257) |  |  | (1,061) |  | (781) |  |  | (710)
Total operating income |  | $ | 65,229 |  | $ | 31,868 |  | $ | 127,173 |  | $ | 104,576
Property and equipment, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | $ | 265,002 |  |  |  |  |  |
North America commissaries |  | 150,527 |  |  |  |  |  |
International |  | 26,902 |  |  |  |  |  |
All others |  | 140,900 |  |  |  |  |  |
Unallocated corporate assets |  | 248,855 |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  | (565,678) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total property and equipment, net |  | $ | 266,508 |  |  |  |  |  |

___________________________________
(a) The three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 includes $1.5 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of non-cash impairment and remeasurement charges related primarily to fixed and intangible assets from the refranchising of 15 Domestic restaurants. See “Note 11. Divestitures”.
(b) The three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 includes $41.3 million pre-tax gain on sale of Texas and Florida QC Center properties, net of transaction costs. See “Note 11. Divestitures”.
(c) The three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 includes $3.9 million and $19.5 million, respectively, of costs related to the International Transformation Plan. See “Note 9. Restructuring” for additional information. The three and nine months ended September 24, 2023 includes $1.2 million and $2.5 million of costs associated with repositioning the UK portfolio as well as transaction costs related to the acquisition of restaurants from franchisees.
(d) The nine months ended September 24, 2023 includes $2.0 million of severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives. The three and nine months ended September 24, 2023 includes $0.6 million for certain legal settlements.
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Disaggregation of Revenue
In the following tables, revenues are disaggregated by major product/service line. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues by the reportable segment (in thousands):

|  | Reportable Segments
|  | Three Months Ended September 29, 2024
Major Products/Services Lines |  | Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | North America franchising |  | North America commissaries |  | International |  | All others |  | Total
Company-owned restaurant sales |  | $ | 168,672 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,425 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 171,097 |
Franchise royalties and fees |  | — |  |  | 34,842 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,841 |
Commissary sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 262,452 |  |  | 18,600 |  |  | — |  |  | 281,052 |
Other revenues |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,074 |  |  | 68,289 |  |  | 74,363 |
Eliminations |  | — |  |  | (1,011) |  |  | (52,063) |  |  | — |  |  | (13,472) |  |  | (66,546) |
Total segment revenues |  | 168,672 |  |  | 33,831 |  |  | 210,389 |  |  | 39,098 |  |  | 54,817 |  |  | 506,807 |
International other revenues (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,074) |  |  | 6,074 |  |  | — |
Total revenues |  | $ | 168,672 |  |  | $ | 33,831 |  |  | $ | 210,389 |  |  | $ | 33,024 |  |  | $ | 60,891 |  |  | $ | 506,807 |
|  | Reportable Segments
|  | Three Months Ended September 24, 2023
Major Products/Services Lines |  | Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | North America franchising |  | North America commissaries |  | International |  | All others |  | Total
Company-owned restaurant sales |  | $ | 177,195 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,013 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 191,208 |
Franchise royalties and fees |  | — |  |  | 36,081 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,219 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,300 |
Commissary sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 256,124 |  |  | 16,695 |  |  | — |  |  | 272,819 |
Other revenues |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,554 |  |  | 73,388 |  |  | 78,942 |
Eliminations |  | — |  |  | (1,040) |  |  | (51,237) |  |  | — |  |  | (16,180) |  |  | (68,457) |
Total segment revenues |  | 177,195 |  |  | 35,041 |  |  | 204,887 |  |  | 48,481 |  |  | 57,208 |  |  | 522,812 |
International other revenues (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,554) |  |  | 5,554 |  |  | — |
Total revenues |  | $ | 177,195 |  |  | $ | 35,041 |  |  | $ | 204,887 |  |  | $ | 42,927 |  |  | $ | 62,762 |  |  | $ | 522,812 |
|  | Reportable Segments
|  | Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024
Major Products/Services Lines |  | Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | North America franchising |  | North America commissaries |  | International |  | All others |  | Total
Company-owned restaurant sales |  | $ | 518,103 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,885 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 546,988 |
Franchise royalties and fees |  | — |  |  | 107,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,598 |  |  | — |  |  | 142,636 |
Commissary sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 763,506 |  |  | 48,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 812,456 |
Other revenues |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,885 |  |  | 202,808 |  |  | 221,693 |
Eliminations |  | — |  |  | (3,101) |  |  | (151,633) |  |  | — |  |  | (40,422) |  |  | (195,156) |
Total segment revenues |  | 518,103 |  |  | 103,937 |  |  | 611,873 |  |  | 132,318 |  |  | 162,386 |  |  | 1,528,617 |
International other revenues (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,885) |  |  | 18,885 |  |  | — |
Total revenues |  | $ | 518,103 |  |  | $ | 103,937 |  |  | $ | 611,873 |  |  | $ | 113,433 |  |  | $ | 181,271 |  |  | $ | 1,528,617 |

21

|  | Reportable Segments
|  | Nine Months Ended September 24, 2023
Major Products/Services Lines |  | Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | North America franchising |  | North America commissaries |  | International |  | All others |  | Total
Company-owned restaurant sales |  | $ | 532,841 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,031 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 549,872 |
Franchise royalties and fees |  | — |  |  | 108,941 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,906 |  |  | — |  |  | 145,847 |
Commissary sales |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 779,073 |  |  | 55,061 |  |  | — |  |  | 834,134 |
Other revenues |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,541 |  |  | 222,117 |  |  | 241,658 |
Eliminations |  | — |  |  | (3,117) |  |  | (154,640) |  |  | — |  |  | (49,363) |  |  | (207,120) |
Total segment revenues |  | 532,841 |  |  | 105,824 |  |  | 624,433 |  |  | 128,539 |  |  | 172,754 |  |  | 1,564,391 |
International other revenues (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,541) |  |  | 19,541 |  |  | — |
Total revenues |  | $ | 532,841 |  |  | $ | 105,824 |  |  | $ | 624,433 |  |  | $ | 108,998 |  |  | $ | 192,295 |  |  | $ | 1,564,391 |

___________________________________
(a) Other revenues as reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations include $6.1 million and $18.9 million of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and $5.6 million and $19.5 million of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively, that are part of the International reporting segment. These amounts include marketing fund contributions and sublease rental income from international franchisees in the United Kingdom that provide no significant contribution to income before income taxes but must be reported on a gross basis under accounting requirements. The related expenses for these Other revenues are reported in Other expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
22

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Papa John’s International, Inc. (referred to as the “Company,” “Papa John’s,” “Papa Johns” or in the first-person notations of “we,” “us” and “our”) operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants and, in certain international markets, dine-in and delivery restaurants under the trademark “Papa John’s.” Papa Johns began operations in 1984. As of September 29, 2024, there were 5,908 Papa John’s restaurants in operation, consisting of 550 Company-owned and 5,358 franchised restaurants operating in 49 countries and territories. Our revenues are derived from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products to the general public by Company-owned restaurants, franchise royalties, and sales of franchise and development rights. Additionally, we derive revenues from sales to franchisees of various items including food and paper products from our Domestic Quality Control Centers (“QC Centers”), operation of our International QC Center in the United Kingdom (“UK”), contributions received by Papa John’s Marketing Fund (“PJMF”) which is our national marketing fund, information systems equipment, and software and related services. We believe that in addition to supporting both Company and franchised profitability and growth, these activities contribute to product quality and consistency throughout the Papa Johns system.
In discussions of our business, “Domestic” is defined as within the contiguous United States, “North America” includes Canada, and “International” includes the rest of the world other than North America.
Recent Developments and Trends
The Company has focused on executing strategic priorities and building a foundation for long-term success, while navigating a challenging macroeconomic environment. In this current economic cycle, consumers have become more deliberate in managing their overall ticket and are showing a preference for brands that are offering compelling value. As such, we are shifting our efforts and investments to focus on initiatives that improve our price/value perception and improve our digital and loyalty experience to increase conversion and reduce friction within the customer experience.
While we are making progress against our strategic initiatives in 2024, as described below, we anticipate the challenging sales trends we experienced in the third quarter to continue throughout the remainder of the fiscal year and into 2025.
North America Strategic Initiatives
•Product innovation and marketing strategy: In the second quarter, the approved contribution rate increase to PJMF became effective, while local marketing spend remains optional. This strategy shift was intended to increase the productivity of franchisees’ marketing contributions by leveraging the scale that national investments deliver. Additionally, in the first half of 2024 we launched an all-new brand platform “Better Get You Some” that was part of our deepened commitment to, and investment in, our new marketing strategy. These investments were focused on improving audience segmentation, building consumer loyalty and driving cultural relevance. In the third quarter, we evolved our messaging and promotions to showcase our better ingredients, better pizza at appropriately-valued price points to improve our overall value perception. We believe if we maintain an appropriate balance of value offerings and premium products, it will lead to improving sales trends over time.
•Digital and loyalty strategy: Most of our sales occur through digital channels and we are actively identifying opportunities to more quickly access information, streamline the ordering journey and improve the overall user experience. In the third quarter, we rolled out an App update that improves call to actions and navigation, elevates imagery and more prominently features loyalty rewards.
•Domestic commissary growth strategy: Our previously-announced change in the Domestic Commissary profit model was implemented during the first quarter, with the fixed operating margin that Domestic QC Centers charge increasing to 5% paired with increased rebate opportunities for franchisees. The operating income of the North America Commissary business has also increased, reflecting benefits for both franchisees as well as the Commissary. We also continue to pursue productivity efficiencies throughout the supply chain through improved operations and supplier relationships.
23

International Transformation Plan
In December 2023, the Company announced international transformation initiatives (“International Transformation Plan”) designed to evolve our business structure to deliver an enhanced value proposition to our International customers and franchisees, ensure targeted investments and efficient resource management, and better position our largest markets, including the UK, for long-term profitable growth and brand strength. Total estimated pre-tax costs associated with the International Transformation Plan are expected to be approximately $25 million to $35 million (inclusive of the $21.7 million incurred through the third quarter of 2024), which the Company currently expects to be recognized in 2024 and 2025. See “Note 9. Restructuring” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional details.
During 2024, the Company has made significant progress in executing the International Transformation Plan, with specific actions around UK Optimization as follows:
•During the second quarter, we completed the planned closure of 43 underperforming UK Company-owned restaurants and successfully refranchised 40 formerly Company-owned restaurants to existing franchisees.
•During the third quarter, we refranchised an additional 20 formerly Company-owned restaurants to primarily existing franchisees, with only 13 Company-owned restaurants remaining in operation in the UK. We have also continued evaluating and right-sizing the UK franchise base, resulting in the closure of 11 franchised locations during the third quarter and 30 total franchised locations during the first nine months of 2024. As a result of these actions, we saw year-over-year improvement in the profitability of the UK market in the third quarter, and we continue to optimize the region through exiting leases and other contracts as well as transforming our operations to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
•We have completed nearly all of the strategic restaurant closures in the UK market and the Company’s efforts are turning towards growth opportunities and mitigating closure-related costs as we complete optimization of the portfolio.
Global Restaurant Sales and Unit Information
“Comparable sales” represents sales for the same base of restaurants for the same fiscal periods. “Comparable sales growth (decline)” represents the change in year-over-year comparable sales. “Global system-wide restaurant sales” represents total restaurant sales for all Company-owned and franchised restaurants open during the comparable periods, and “Global system-wide restaurant sales growth (decline)” represents the change in global system-wide restaurant sales year-over-year. Comparable sales, Comparable sales growth (decline), Global system-wide restaurant sales and Global system-wide sales growth (decline) exclude franchisees for which we suspended corporate support.
“Equivalent units” represents the number of restaurants open at the beginning of a given period, adjusted for restaurants opened, closed, acquired or sold during the period on a weighted average basis.
We believe Domestic Company-owned, North America franchised, and International Comparable sales growth (decline) and Global system-wide restaurant sales information is useful in analyzing our results since our franchisees pay royalties and marketing fund contributions that are based on a percentage of franchise sales. Comparable sales and Global system-wide restaurant sales results for restaurants operating outside of the United States are reported on a constant dollar basis, which excludes the impact of foreign currency translation. Franchise sales also generate commissary revenue in the United States and in certain international markets. Comparable sales growth (decline) and Global system-wide restaurant sales information is also useful for comparison to industry trends and evaluating the strength of our brand. Management believes the presentation of Global system-wide restaurant sales growth, excluding the impact of foreign currency, provides investors with useful information regarding underlying sales trends and the impact of new unit growth without being impacted by swings in the external factor of foreign currency. Franchise restaurant sales are not included in the Company’s revenues.
24

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Amounts below exclude the impact of foreign currency |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Comparable sales growth (decline): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | (6.7)% |  | 5.9% |  | (4.6)% |  | 3.8%
North America franchised restaurants |  | (5.3)% |  | 2.2% |  | (3.4)% |  | (0.4)%
North America restaurants |  | (5.6)% |  | 2.9% |  | (3.6)% |  | 0.4%
International restaurants |  | (2.8)% |  | (0.3)% |  | (1.8)% |  | (2.3)%
Total comparable sales growth (decline) |  | (4.9)% |  | 2.2% |  | (3.2)% |  | (0.2)%
System-wide restaurant sales growth (decline): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | (4.8)% |  | 6.7% |  | (2.8)% |  | 4.7%
North America franchised restaurants |  | (3.8)% |  | 3.2% |  | (2.4)% |  | 1.1%
North America restaurants |  | (4.0)% |  | 3.9% |  | (2.5)% |  | 1.8%
International restaurants (a) |  | —% |  | 8.8% |  | 2.2% |  | 6.8%
Total global system-wide restaurant sales growth (decline) (a) |  | (3.0)% |  | 5.1% |  | (1.4)% |  | 3.0%

___________________________________
(a) System-wide sales for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 includes $7.1 million of International sales related to the first and second quarters of 2024 that were erroneously omitted in prior periods.
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Restaurant Progression |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
North America Company-owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | 537 |  | 521 |  | 531 |  | 522
Opened |  | — |  | — |  | 6 |  | —
Closed |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | (2)
Acquired |  | — |  | 9 |  |  | — |  | 10
Refranchised |  | — |  | (4) |  |  | — |  | (4)
End of period |  | 537 |  | 526 |  | 537 |  | 526
North America franchised: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | 2,910 |  | 2,868 |  | 2,902 |  | 2,854
Opened |  | 18 |  | 15 |  | 43 |  | 44
Closed |  | (11) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (21) |
Sold |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |
Refranchised |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
End of period |  | 2,917 |  | 2,871 |  | 2,917 |  | 2,871
International Company-owned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | 33 |  | 91 |  |  | 117 |  |  | — |
Closed |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43) |  |  | — |
Acquired |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 118 |
Refranchised |  | (20) |  |  | — |  |  | (61) |  |  | — |
End of period |  | 13 |  | 118 |  | 13 |  | 118
International franchised: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period |  | 2,403 |  | 2,292 |  | 2,356 |  | 2,322
Opened |  | 36 |  | 55 |  | 115 |  | 153
Closed |  | (18) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (91) |  |  | (55) |
Sold |  | — |  |  | (27) |  | — |  |  | (118)
Refranchised |  | 20 |  |  | — |  | 61 |  |  | —
End of period |  | 2,441 |  | 2,302 |  | 2,441 |  | 2,302
Total restaurants – end of period |  | 5,908 |  | 5,817 |  | 5,908 |  | 5,817
Trailing four quarters net restaurant growth |  | 91 |  | 236 |  |  |  |

26

Results of Operations
Revenues
The following table sets forth the various components of Revenues from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | QTD |  | YTD
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales |  | $ | 168,672 |  |  | $ | 177,195 |  |  | $ | 518,103 |  |  | $ | 532,841 |  |  | (4.8) | % |  | (2.8) | %
North America franchise royalties and fees |  | 33,831 |  |  | 35,041 |  |  | 103,937 |  |  | 105,824 |  |  | (3.5) | % |  | (1.8) | %
North America commissary revenues |  | 210,389 |  |  | 204,887 |  |  | 611,873 |  |  | 624,433 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | (2.0) | %
International revenues |  | 33,024 |  |  | 42,927 |  |  | 113,433 |  |  | 108,998 |  |  | (23.1) | % |  | 4.1 | %
Other revenues |  | 60,891 |  |  | 62,762 |  |  | 181,271 |  |  | 192,295 |  |  | (3.0) | % |  | (5.7) | %
Total revenues |  | $ | 506,807 |  | $ | 522,812 |  | $ | 1,528,617 |  | $ | 1,564,391 |  | (3.1) | % |  | (2.3) | %

The comparability of results between 2024 and 2023 is impacted by transactions that have changed the composition of restaurants in the UK during the periods presented. In the second and third quarters of 2023, the Company acquired 118 formerly franchised restaurants in the UK (the “UK franchisee acquisitions”). In the second and third quarters of 2024, the Company completed the closure of 43 Company-owned restaurants in the UK and also refranchised 60 formerly Company-owned restaurants in the UK. After prior disposals of two mobile restaurants, the Company operated 13 UK Company-owned restaurants during the third quarter of 2024. These transactions impact the composition of International revenues and the results of the International segment during the periods presented. See “Note 9. Restructuring” of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on these transactions.
Total revenues decreased $16.0 million, or 3.1%, to $506.8 million for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and decreased $35.8 million, or 2.3%, to $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to each prior year comparable period.
Domestic Company-owned restaurant sales decreased $8.5 million, or 4.8%, for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and decreased $14.7 million, or 2.8%, for the nine months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to each prior year comparable period. The decreases were primarily due to declines in comparable sales of 6.7% and 4.6% for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, due to lower transaction volumes. The comparable sales declines were partially offset by increased equivalent units of 3.8% and 2.2% for the same respective periods.
North America franchise royalties and fees decreased $1.2 million, or 3.5%, for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and decreased $1.9 million, or 1.8%, for the nine months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to each prior year comparable period. The decreases are primarily due to comparable sales declines of 5.3% and 3.4% for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, partially offset by growth in equivalent units and lower royalty waivers in 2024 as compared to 2023. Equivalent units increased 3.5% and 2.7% for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, as compared to each prior year comparable period.
North America franchise restaurant sales decreased 3.9% to $720.7 million for the three months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the prior year comparable period. North America franchise restaurant sales decreased 2.5% to $2.2 billion for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 as compared to the prior year comparable period. North America franchise restaurant sales are not included in Company revenues; however, our North America franchise royalties are derived from these sales. The main drivers in the lower franchise restaurant sales were the North America comparable sales declines, partially offset by equivalent unit growth noted above.
North America commissary revenues increased $5.5 million or 2.7% for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and decreased $12.6 million, or 2.0% for the nine months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to each prior year
27

comparable period. The increase for the three months ended September 29, 2024 was primarily due to higher commodity prices during the quarter, particularly cheese and chicken, partially offset by lower volumes. The decline for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 was due to a combination of lower commodity prices during the first half of the year and lower volumes. North America commissary revenues during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 also benefited from the previously-disclosed increase to the fixed operating margin charged to Domestic QC Centers that took effect during the first quarter of 2024.
International revenues decreased $9.9 million, or 23.1%, for the three months ended September 29, 2024 and increased $4.4 million, or 4.1% for the nine months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to each prior year comparable period. As mentioned above, the UK franchisee acquisitions in 2023 and the UK restaurant closures and refranchising transactions in the second and third quarters of 2024 impacted the comparability of International revenues earned in each period. The net change in revenue related to the UK franchisee acquisitions was a decrease of approximately $9.0 million and an increase of approximately $6.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, representing sales and royalties attributable to this group of restaurants compared to prior year. Excluding the impact of the UK franchisee acquisitions, International revenues would have decreased $0.9 million and $1.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, due primarily to comparable sales declines of 2.8% and 1.8%, respectively.
International franchise restaurant sales increased $8.3 million to $297.6 million and decreased $15.4 million to $864.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively. As mentioned above, the UK franchisee acquisitions in 2023 and the UK refranchising transactions in the second and third quarters of 2024 impacted the comparability of International franchise restaurant sales. Excluding the impact of the UK franchisee acquisitions and foreign currency fluctuations, International franchise restaurant sales would have increased $5.7 million, or 2.0%, and increased $26.6 million, or 3.1%, for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively. International franchise restaurant sales are not included in Company revenues; however, our international royalty revenue is derived from these sales.
Other revenues, which primarily includes our national marketing funds and online and mobile ordering business, decreased $1.9 million, or 3.0%, and decreased $11.0 million, or 5.7%, for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to the prior year comparable periods. Our results for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023 included revenues of $4.8 million and $14.7 million, respectively, related to Preferred Marketing, our formerly wholly-owned print and promotions company which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2023. This decrease was offset during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 by a $3.5 million and $7.7 million increase in marketing fees, respectively, due primarily to a planned increase in the national marketing fund contribution percentage that went into effect during the quarter and an increased in franchised locations.
28

Costs and Expenses
The following table sets forth the various components of Costs and expenses from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, expressed as a percentage of the associated revenue component.

(In thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |  |
| September 29, 2024 |  | % of Related Revenues |  | September 24, 2023 |  | % of Related Revenues |  | Increase (Decrease) in % of Revenues
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses |  | $ | 142,403 |  |  | 84.4 | % |  | $ | 145,433 |  |  | 82.1 | % |  | 2.3 | %
North America commissary expenses |  | 193,818 |  |  | 92.1 | % |  | 189,551 |  |  | 92.5 | % |  | (0.4) | %
International expenses |  | 19,001 |  |  | 57.5 | % |  | 29,796 |  |  | 69.4 | % |  | (11.9) | %
Other expenses |  | 55,543 |  |  | 91.2 | % |  | 57,587 |  |  | 91.8 | % |  | (0.6) | %
General and administrative expenses |  | 13,553 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | 52,173 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | (7.3) | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 17,260 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | 16,404 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | 0.3 | %
Total costs and expenses |  | 441,578 |  |  | 87.1 | % |  | 490,944 |  |  | 93.9 | % |  | (6.8) | %
Operating income |  | $ | 65,229 |  |  | 12.9 | % |  | $ | 31,868 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 6.8 | %
(In thousands) |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
| September 29, 2024 |  | % of Related Revenues |  | September 24, 2023 |  | % of Related Revenues |  | Increase (Decrease) in % of Revenues
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses |  | $ | 419,189 |  |  | 80.9 | % |  | $ | 436,922 |  |  | 82.0 | % |  | (1.1) | %
North America commissary expenses |  | 561,316 |  |  | 91.7 | % |  | 576,434 |  |  | 92.3 | % |  | (0.6) | %
International expenses |  | 74,424 |  |  | 65.6 | % |  | 67,542 |  |  | 62.0 | % |  | 3.6 | %
Other expenses |  | 164,261 |  |  | 90.6 | % |  | 177,661 |  |  | 92.4 | % |  | (1.8) | %
General and administrative expenses |  | 129,726 |  |  | 8.5 | % |  | 154,441 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | (1.4) | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 52,528 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | 46,815 |  |  | 3.0 | % |  | 0.4 | %
Total costs and expenses |  | 1,401,444 |  |  | 91.7 | % |  | 1,459,815 |  |  | 93.3 | % |  | (1.6) | %
Operating income |  | $ | 127,173 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | $ | 104,576 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | 1.6 | %

Total costs and expenses were $441.6 million or 87.1% of total revenues for the three months ended September 29, 2024 as compared to $490.9 million or 93.9% of total revenues for the prior year comparable period. Total costs and expenses for the three months ended September 29, 2024 include a pre-tax gain on sale of two Domestic QC Centers of approximately $41.3 million, net of transaction costs, which was recorded within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the nine months ended September 29, 2024, total costs and expenses were $1,401.4 million, or 91.7% of total revenues, as compared to $1,459.8 million, or 93.3% of total revenues for the prior year comparable period. The changes in total costs and expenses, as percentages of revenues, were primarily due to the following:
Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses were $142.4 million, or 84.4% of related revenues for the three months ended September 29, 2024 as compared to expenses of $145.4 million, or 82.1% of related revenues for the prior year period. For the nine months ended September 29, 2024 Domestic Company-owned restaurant expenses were $419.2 million, or 80.9% of related revenues as compared to expenses of $436.9 million, or 82.0% of related revenues for the prior year comparable period. The increase of 2.3% as a percentage of revenues during the third quarter was due mainly to higher food ingredient costs, particularly cheese and chicken. The 1.1% decrease as a percentage of revenues during the nine months ended September 29, 2024 was primarily due to lower insurance expenses related to improved auto liability claims experience, lower utility costs, and lower advertising spend in the first half of the year.
29

North America commissary expenses were $193.8 million, or 92.1% of related revenues for the three months ended September 29, 2024 as compared to $189.6 million, or 92.5% of related revenues for the prior year comparable period. For the nine months ended September 29, 2024 North America commissary expenses were $561.3 million, or 91.7% of related revenues as compared to $576.4 million, or 92.3% of related revenues for the prior year comparable period. The expense, as a percentage of related revenues, decreased 0.4% and 0.6% for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, primarily due to an increase to the fixed operating margin charged to Domestic QC Centers that took effect during the first quarter of 2024 and lower commodity prices for cheese during the first half of the year.
International expenses were $19.0 million, or 57.5% of related revenues for the three months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to $29.8 million, or 69.4% of related revenues for the prior year comparable period. For the nine months ended September 29, 2024, International expenses were $74.4 million, or 65.6% of related revenues as compared to expenses of $67.5 million, or 62.0% of related revenues for the prior year comparable period. As mentioned above, the UK franchisee acquisitions in 2023 and the UK restaurant closures and refranchising transactions in the second and third quarters of 2024 impacted the comparability of International expenses earned in each period. International expenses increased in the first six months of 2024 when compared to the prior year comparable period as a result of the UK franchisee acquisitions, which added operating costs related to Company-owned restaurants. The Company is only operating 13 UK Company-owned restaurants beginning in the third quarter of 2024, leading to a decrease in related expenses.
Other expenses were $55.5 million, or 91.2% of related revenues for the three months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to $57.6 million, or 91.8% for the prior year comparable period. For the nine months ended September 29, 2024, Other expenses were $164.3 million, or 90.6% of related revenues as compared to expenses of $177.7 million, or 92.4% of related revenues for the prior year comparable period. The decrease primarily reflects $4.7 million and $14.2 million of expenses incurred for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023 related to Preferred Marketing, our formerly wholly-owned print and promotions company, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2023.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and Administrative (“G&A”) expenses were $13.6 million, or 2.7% of revenues for the three months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to $52.2 million, or 10.0% of revenues for the prior year comparable period. For the nine months ended September 29, 2024, G&A expenses were $129.7 million or 8.5% of revenues compared to $154.4 million or 9.9% of revenues for the prior year comparable period. G&A expenses consisted of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Administrative and other general expenses, net (a) |  | $ | 49,485 |  |  | $ | 49,034 |  |  | $ | 146,006 |  |  | $ | 147,271 |
Gain on sale of QC Center properties (b) |  | (41,289) |  |  | — |  |  | (41,289) |  |  | — |
International restructuring costs (c) |  | 3,862 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,514 |  |  | — |
Other costs (d) |  | 1,495 |  |  | 1,369 |  |  | 5,495 |  |  | 4,092 |
UK repositioning and acquisition-related costs (e) |  | — |  |  | 1,193 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,501 |
Legal settlement accruals (f) |  | — |  |  | 577 |  |  | — |  |  | 577 |
General and administrative expenses |  | $ | 13,553 |  | $ | 52,173 |  | $ | 129,726 |  | $ | 154,441

(a)Administrative and other general expenses, net increased by $0.5 million and decreased by $1.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively. The decrease during the nine months ended September 29, 2024 was primarily due to lower equity compensation costs related to leadership changes and lower costs in 2024 as the bi-annual franchise operating conference took place in 2023, partially offset by higher labor costs and professional fees.
(b)Represents pre-tax gain on sale of Texas and Florida QC Center properties, net of transaction costs. See “Note 11. Divestitures”.
(c)Represents costs associated with the Company’s International Restructuring plan. See “Note 9. Restructuring”.
(d)For the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, represents non-cash impairment charges related primarily to fixed and intangible assets from the refranchising of 15 Domestic Company-owned restaurants. See Note 11. Divestitures. For the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, represents severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives.
(e)Represents costs associated with repositioning the UK portfolio as well as transaction costs related to the acquisition of restaurants from franchisees.
(f)Represents accruals for certain legal settlements.
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Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense was $17.3 million, or 3.4% of revenues for the three months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to $16.4 million, or 3.1% of revenues for the prior year comparable period. For the nine months ended September 29, 2024, depreciation and amortization expense was $52.5 million, or 3.4% of revenues as compared to $46.8 million, or 3.0% of revenues for the prior year comparable period. The increases of $0.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, were primarily due to higher depreciation expense related to our investments in technology platforms.
Operating Income by Segment
Operating income is summarized in the following table on a reporting segment basis. Adjusted operating income, a non-GAAP measure, is also presented below. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure is important for comparability purposes.

|  | Three Months Ended September 29, 2024 |  | Three Months Ended September 24, 2023 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Reported |  | Adjustments (a) |  | Adjusted |  | Reported |  | Adjustments (a) |  | Adjusted |  | Reported Increase (Decrease) |  | Adjusted Increase (Decrease)
Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | $ | (1,748) |  | $ | 1,495 |  | $ | (253) |  | $ | 6,147 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 6,147 |  | $ | (7,895) |  | $ | (6,400)
North America franchising |  | 31,865 |  | — |  | 31,865 |  | 32,234 |  | — |  | 32,234 |  | (369) |  | (369)
North America commissaries |  | 53,599 |  | (41,289) |  | 12,310 |  | 10,691 |  | — |  | 10,691 |  | 42,908 |  | 1,619
International |  | 42 |  |  | 3,862 |  |  | 3,904 |  |  | 2,270 |  | 1,193 |  |  | 3,463 |  | (2,228) |  |  | 441 |
All others |  | 2,834 |  |  | — |  | 2,834 |  |  | 2,379 |  | — |  | 2,379 |  | 455 |  | 455
Unallocated corporate expenses |  | (21,106) |  | — |  | (21,106) |  | (20,792) |  | 577 |  | (20,215) |  | (314) |  |  | (891) |
Elimination of intersegment (profits) losses |  | (257) |  |  | — |  |  | (257) |  |  | (1,061) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,061) |  |  | 804 |  |  | 804 |
Total |  | $ | 65,229 |  |  | $ | (35,932) |  |  | $ | 29,297 |  |  | $ | 31,868 |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | 33,638 |  |  | $ | 33,361 |  |  | $ | (4,341) |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024 |  | Nine Months Ended September 24, 2023 |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | Reported |  | Adjustments (a) |  | Adjusted |  | Reported |  | Adjustments (a) |  | Adjusted |  | Reported Increase (Decrease) |  | Adjusted Increase (Decrease)
Domestic Company-owned restaurants |  | $ | 13,388 |  | $ | 5,495 |  | $ | 18,883 |  | $ | 19,438 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 19,438 |  | $ | (6,050) |  | $ | (555)
North America franchising |  | 97,985 |  | — |  | 97,985 |  | 97,745 |  | — |  | 97,745 |  | 240 |  | 240
North America commissaries |  | 77,337 |  | (41,289) |  | 36,048 |  | 31,818 |  | — |  | 31,818 |  | 45,519 |  | 4,230
International |  | (8,612) |  |  | 19,514 |  |  | 10,902 |  |  | 13,265 |  | 2,501 |  |  | 15,766 |  | (21,877) |  |  | (4,864) |
All others |  | 8,202 |  |  | — |  | 8,202 |  |  | 6,879 |  | — |  | 6,879 |  | 1,323 |  | 1,323
Unallocated corporate expenses |  | (60,346) |  | — |  | (60,346) |  | (63,859) |  | 2,594 |  | (61,265) |  | 3,513 |  |  | 919 |
Elimination of intersegment (profits) losses |  | (781) |  |  | — |  |  | (781) |  |  | (710) |  |  | — |  |  | (710) |  |  | (71) |  |  | (71) |
Total |  | $ | 127,173 |  |  | $ | (16,280) |  |  | $ | 110,893 |  |  | $ | 104,576 |  |  | $ | 5,095 |  |  | $ | 109,671 |  |  | $ | 22,597 |  |  | $ | 1,222 |

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(a) See “Non-GAAP Measures” below for a detail of the adjustments in each period and for a reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure.
Operating income was $65.2 million and $127.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, as compared to $31.9 million and $104.6 million for the prior year comparable periods, an increase of $33.4 million and $22.6 million, respectively. Adjusted operating income was $29.3 million and $110.9 million for the three and
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nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, as compared to $33.6 million and $109.7 million for the prior year comparable periods, respectively, representing a decrease of $4.3 million and increase of $1.2 million, respectively. The fluctuations in adjusted operating income in 2024 compared to 2023 were primarily due to the following:
•Domestic Company-owned restaurants decreased $6.4 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024. The decreases were primarily due to lower revenues from 6.7% and 4.6% declines in comparable sales for the respective periods and higher food ingredient costs during the third quarter of 2024, specifically cheese and chicken. For the most part, these food cost increases were not passed onto customers due to our focus on value perception. These factors were partially offset by lower insurance, utility costs, and commodity costs in the first half of 2024.
•North America franchising decreased $0.4 million and increased $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024. The variances are primarily driven by a 3.5% and 2.7% increase in equivalent units and a decrease in comparable sales of 5.3% and 3.4% for the respective periods as well as lower royalty waivers in 2024 as compared to 2023.
•North America commissaries increased $1.6 million and $4.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, primarily due to the increase in the commissary fixed operating margin, which became effective in 2024, partially offset by anticipated franchisee rebates.
•International increased $0.4 million and decreased $4.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024. As mentioned above, we have closed 43 of the UK Company-owned restaurants and refranchised an additional 60 restaurants under the International Transformation Plan during 2024, resulting in operations of only 13 Company-owned restaurants in the UK beginning in the third quarter of 2024. These shifts in Company-owned restaurants favorably impacted International adjusted operating income during the third quarter. The year-to-date decrease in adjusted operating income was primarily driven by operating losses attributable to the UK Company-owned restaurants, including higher depreciation expense, during the periods where we were operating more restaurants. International adjusted operating income was also negatively impacted by comparable sales declines of 2.8% and 1.8% for the respective periods.
•All Others, which primarily includes our online and mobile ordering business and our marketing funds, increased $0.5 million and $1.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 primarily due to prior year losses incurred by Preferred Marketing, our formerly wholly-owned print and promotions company, which was sold in the fourth quarter of 2023.
•Unallocated corporate expenses increased $0.9 million for three months ended September 29, 2024 and decreased $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2024. The decrease during the year-to-date period was primarily due to the reversal of stock compensation expense for unvested equity compensation awards from leadership transitions incurred primarily during the first three months of 2024, which was partially offset by higher depreciation expense related to our investments in technology support initiatives.
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Items Below Operating Income
The following table sets forth the various items below Operating income from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | QTD |  | YTD
Operating income |  | $ | 65,229 |  |  | $ | 31,868 |  |  | $ | 127,173 |  |  | $ | 104,576 |  |  | $ | 33,361 |  |  | $ | 22,597 |
Net interest expense |  | (10,629) |  |  | (11,378) |  |  | (32,588) |  |  | (31,674) |  |  | 749 |  |  | (914) |
Income before income taxes |  | 54,600 |  |  | 20,490 |  |  | 94,585 |  |  | 72,902 |  |  | 34,110 |  |  | 21,683 |
Income tax expense |  | 12,812 |  |  | 4,539 |  |  | 25,347 |  |  | 16,546 |  |  | 8,273 |  |  | 8,801 |
Net income before attribution to noncontrolling interests |  | 41,788 |  |  | 15,951 |  |  | 69,238 |  |  | 56,356 |  |  | 25,837 |  |  | 12,882 |
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 20 |  |  | (90) |  |  | (551) |  |  | (351) |  |  | 110 |  |  | (200) |
Net income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 41,808 |  |  | $ | 15,861 |  |  | $ | 68,687 |  |  | $ | 56,005 |  |  | $ | 25,947 |  |  | $ | 12,682 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.28 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 2.10 |  |  | $ | 1.69 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 2.09 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |

Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense decreased $0.7 million and increased $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively. The decrease for the three months ended September 29, 2024 was due primarily to lower average outstanding debt during the quarter. The increase for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 was due to higher average outstanding debt during the nine months ended September 29, 2024.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Our effective income tax rate was 23.5% and 26.8% for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, as compared to an income tax rate of 22.2% and 22.7% for the prior year comparable periods. The higher effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 was driven by impairment charges related to the International Restructuring that created unrecognized tax losses and prevented the Company from generating foreign tax credits as well as a tax shortfall generated by stock option exercises and vesting of restricted shares in 2024.

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 54,600 |  | $ | 20,490 |  | $ | 94,585 |  | $ | 72,902
Income tax expense |  | $ | 12,812 |  | $ | 4,539 |  | $ | 25,347 |  | $ | 16,546
Effective tax rate |  | 23.5 | % |  | 22.2 | % |  | 26.8 | % |  | 22.7 | %

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Net income included losses of less than $0.1 million and income of $0.6 million attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, as compared to income of $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the prior year comparable periods.
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share
Diluted earnings per common share was $1.27 and $2.09 for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, as compared to $0.48 and $1.68 for the prior year comparable periods, representing increases of $0.79 and $0.41, respectively. Adjusted diluted earnings per common share, a non-GAAP measure, was $0.43 and $1.71 for the three
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and nine months ended September 29, 2024 as compared to adjusted diluted earnings per common share of $0.53 and $1.80 for the prior year comparable periods, representing respective decreases of $0.10 and $0.09. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for additional information.
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Non-GAAP Measures
In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we provide certain non-GAAP measures, which present results on an adjusted basis. These are supplemental measures of performance that are not required by or presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP and include the following: adjusted operating income, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders and adjusted diluted earnings per common share. We believe that our non-GAAP financial measures enable investors to assess the operating performance of our business relative to our performance based on U.S. GAAP results and relative to other companies. We believe that the disclosure of these non-GAAP measures is useful to investors as they reflect metrics that our management team and Board utilize to evaluate our operating performance, allocate resources and administer employee incentive plans. The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures to adjusted operating income, adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders and adjusted diluted earnings per common share are operating income, net income attributable to common shareholders and diluted earnings per common share, respectively. These non-GAAP measures should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the Company’s U.S. GAAP results. The table below reconciles our GAAP financial results to our non-GAAP financial measures.

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023 |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Operating income |  | $ | 65,229 |  | $ | 31,868 |  | $ | 127,173 |  | $ | 104,576
Gain on sale of QC Center properties (a) |  | (41,289) |  | — |  | (41,289) |  | —
International restructuring costs (b) |  | 3,862 |  | — |  | 19,514 |  | —
UK repositioning and acquisition-related costs (c) |  | — |  | 1,193 |  | — |  | 2,501
Legal settlements (d) |  | — |  | 577 |  | — |  | 577
Other costs (e) |  | 1,495 |  | — |  | 5,495 |  | 2,017
Adjusted operating income |  | $ | 29,297 |  | $ | 33,638 |  | $ | 110,893 |  | $ | 109,671
Net income attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 41,808 |  | $ | 15,861 |  | $ | 68,687 |  | $ | 56,005
Gain on sale of QC Center properties (a) |  | (41,289) |  | — |  | (41,289) |  | —
International restructuring costs (b) |  | 3,862 |  | — |  | 19,514 |  | —
UK repositioning and acquisition-related costs (c) |  | — |  | 1,193 |  | — |  | 2,501
Legal settlements (d) |  | — |  | 577 |  | — |  | 577
Other costs (e) |  | 1,495 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,495 |  |  | 2,017 |
Tax effect of adjustments (f) |  | 8,121 |  |  | (404) |  |  | 3,679 |  |  | (1,162) |
Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 13,997 |  | $ | 17,227 |  | $ | 56,086 |  | $ | 59,938
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 1.27 |  | $ | 0.48 |  | $ | 2.09 |  | $ | 1.68
Gain on sale of QC Center properties (a) |  | (1.25) |  | — |  | (1.25) |  | —
International restructuring costs (b) |  | 0.12 |  | — |  | 0.59 |  | —
UK repositioning and acquisition-related costs (c) |  | — |  | 0.04 |  | — |  | 0.07
Legal settlements (d) |  | — |  | 0.02 |  | — |  | 0.02
Other costs (e) |  | 0.04 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.17 |  |  | 0.06 |
Tax effect of adjustments (f) |  | 0.25 |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | (0.03) |
Adjusted diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.43 |  | $ | 0.53 |  | $ | 1.71 |  | $ | 1.80

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___________________________________
(a)Represents pre-tax gain on sale, net of transaction costs, realized upon the August 2, 2024 completion of the sale of our Texas and Florida QC Center properties. See “Note 11. Divestitures” for additional details.
(b)Represents costs associated with the Company’s International Restructuring plan. See “Note 9. Restructuring” for additional details.
(c)Represents costs associated with repositioning the UK portfolio as well as transaction costs related to the acquisition of restaurants from franchisees.
(d)Represents accruals for certain legal settlements, recorded in General and administrative expenses.
(e)For the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, represents non-cash impairment and remeasurement charges related primarily to fixed and intangible assets from the refranchising of 15 Domestic Company-owned restaurants. Refer to “Note 11. Divestitures” for further details. For the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, represents severance and related costs associated with the transition of certain executives, recorded in General and administrative expenses.
(f)The tax effect on non-GAAP adjustments was calculated by applying the marginal tax rates of 22.6% and 22.8% for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023, respectively.
In addition, we present free cash flow in this report, which is a non-GAAP measure. Please see “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Free Cash Flow” for a discussion of why we believe free cash flow provides useful information regarding our financial condition and results of operations, and a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows from operations and borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility (the “PJI Revolving Facility”). Our principal uses of cash are operating expenses, capital expenditures, and returning value to our shareholders in the form of cash dividends and/or share repurchases. Our capital priorities are:
•investing for growth
•maintaining a strong balance sheet, and
•returning capital to shareholders
The Company believes that its balances of cash and cash equivalents and borrowing capacity, along with cash generated by operations, will be sufficient to satisfy its cash requirements, cash dividends, interest payments and share repurchases over the next twelve months and beyond.
Cash Flows
The table below summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Total cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | 55,884 |  | $ | 126,936
Investing activities |  | 7,448 |  |  | (57,654) |
Financing activities |  | (86,584) |  |  | (79,139) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 215 |  | (24)
Change in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (23,037) |  | $ | (9,881)

Operating Activities
Total cash provided by operating activities was $55.9 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to $126.9 million for the corresponding period of 2023. The decrease of $71.1 million primarily reflects lower net income after considering the gain on sale of QC Center properties as well as unfavorable working capital changes in the first nine months of 2024, principally related to the following:
•Higher tax payments in 2024 due to higher income before income taxes, compared to lower prior year tax payments stemming from the application of 2022 overpayments towards 2023 tax payments;
•Changes in the assets and liabilities of the advertising funds over the comparable periods related to the timing of cash receipts as compared to spending on advertising expense; and
•Higher accrual balances at December 31, 2023 related to the 53rd week of our 2023 fiscal year, which resulted in higher cash outflows in 2024.
Investing Activities
Total cash provided by investing activities was $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to cash used in investing activities of $57.7 million for the same period in 2023. The cash generated from investing activities was primarily due to net proceeds of $46.7 million from the sale of two Domestic QC Centers, lower capital expenditures and net repayments received on notes to franchisees in the first nine months of 2024 as compared to net issuances of notes to franchisees in 2023. We also received a $2.3 million investment distribution related to our deferred compensation plan during the first nine months of 2024.
Our capital expenditures consisted primarily of capital investments for existing restaurants and new restaurant locations as well as investments in technology platforms. We estimate that our capital expenditures during 2024 will be approximately $75 million to $85 million. This estimate includes the acquisition of sites and construction costs for new Company-owned
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restaurants that have opened or that we expect to open during 2024. We intend to fund our capital expenditures with cash generated by operations and borrowings under our PJI Revolving Facility, as necessary.
Financing Activities
Total cash used in financing activities was $86.6 million for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 compared to $79.1 million for the same period of 2023. In the first nine months of 2024, the principal financing outflows were related to dividend payments of $45.4 million, net repayments of $37.2 million on the PJI Revolving Facility, $6.8 million in payments related to financing leases, and $3.5 million in tax payments on equity compensation award issuances. These outflows were offset by net borrowings of $5.7 million from the PJMF revolving line of credit (the “PJMF Revolving Facility”). There were no share repurchases in the first nine months of 2024.
In the first nine months of 2023, cash used for financing activities primarily reflects the impact of share repurchases of $210.3 million, which were financed through $185.8 million in net borrowing from the PJI Revolving Facility. Other financing outflows in the first nine months of 2023 included $43.6 million in dividend payments, $6.3 million in tax payments on equity award issuances and $6.0 million in payments related to financing leases.
Debt
Our outstanding debt as of September 29, 2024 was $732.4 million, which was comprised of $400.0 million principal amount of our 3.875% senior notes (the “Notes”) and $332.4 million outstanding under the PJI Revolving Facility and the PJMF Revolving Facility. Remaining availability under the PJI Revolving Facility was approximately $273.2 million as of September 29, 2024.
Our Credit Agreement, dated September 14, 2021 and amended May 30, 2023 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), contains affirmative and negative covenants that, among other things, require customary reporting obligations and restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens, the consummation of certain mergers, consolidations, sales of assets and similar transactions, the making of investments, equity distributions and other restricted payments, and transactions with affiliates. The Company is also subject to certain financial covenants, as shown in the following table, that could restrict or impose constraints on the liquidity of our business:

|  | Permitted Ratio |  | Actual Ratio as of September 29, 2024
Leverage ratio |  | Not to exceed 5.25 to 1.0 |  | 3.0 to 1.0
Interest coverage ratio |  | Not less than 2.00 to 1.0 |  | 3.2 to 1.0

Our leverage ratio is defined as outstanding debt divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the most recent four fiscal quarters. Our interest coverage ratio is defined as the sum of Consolidated EBITDA and consolidated rental expense for the most recent four fiscal quarters divided by the sum of consolidated interest expense and consolidated rental expense for the most recent four fiscal quarters. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of September 29, 2024.
In addition, the Indenture governing the Notes contains customary covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, limit our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness; pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock; prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt; issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities; make loans and investments; sell assets; incur liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; and consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets.
The PJMF Revolving Facility consists of a $30.0 million revolving line of credit pursuant to a Revolving Loan Agreement, dated September 30, 2015 and most recently amended on September 30, 2024. Debt outstanding under the PJMF Revolving Facility was approximately $5.7 million as of September 29, 2024. The PJMF operating results and the related debt outstanding do not impact the financial covenants under the Company’s Credit Agreement.
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Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for additional information.
Share Repurchases
As part of our long-term growth and capital allocation strategy, we may elect to invest in share repurchases to provide ongoing value and enhanced returns to our shareholders. On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. As of September 29, 2024, approximately $90.2 million remained under the share repurchase authorization.
The following table summarizes our repurchase activity under this program for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023:

(In thousands, except average price per share) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
September 29, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,160 |
September 24, 2023 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,160 |
(In thousands, except average price per share) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Aggregate Cost of Shares Purchased (b) |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
September 29, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90,160 |
September 24, 2023 |  | 2,523 |  |  | $ | 83.10 |  |  | $ | 209,640 |  |  | $ | 90,160 |

(a) The shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 24, 2023 included 2,176,928 shares repurchased on March 1, 2023 from certain funds affiliated with, or managed by, Starboard Value LP at a price of $82.52 per share for aggregate consideration of $179.6 million.
(b) Aggregate cost of shares purchased for the nine months ended September 24, 2023 excluded $2.8 million of transaction costs directly attributable to share repurchases, including a 1% excise tax incurred under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Of these costs, $2.1 million were classified as non-cash financing activities during the nine months ended September 24, 2023.
The Company utilizes a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from time to time to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or otherwise.
Dividends
The Company paid aggregate cash dividends to common stockholders of $45.4 million ($1.38 per share) and $43.6 million ($1.30 per share) for the nine months ended September 29, 2024 and September 24, 2023, respectively. On October 29, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a fourth quarter dividend of $0.46 per common share (approximately $15.2 million in the aggregate), which will be paid on November 29, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 18, 2024. The declaration and payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
Free Cash Flow
Free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure, is defined as net cash provided by operating activities (from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows) less the purchases of property and equipment. We view free cash flow as an important financial measure because it is one factor that management uses in determining the amount of cash available for discretionary investment. Free cash flow is not a term defined by GAAP, and as a result, our measure of free cash flow might not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Free cash flow should not be construed as a substitute for or a better indicator of the Company’s performance than the Company’s GAAP measures.
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The Company’s free cash flow was as follows for the nine month periods of 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Nine Months Ended
|  |  |  |  |  | September 29, 2024 |  | September 24, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 55,884 |  | $ | 126,936
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  |  |  |  | (46,931) |  |  | (50,905) |
Free cash flow |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,953 |  | $ | 76,031

Cash Requirements
There have been no material changes in our cash requirements other than in the ordinary course of business since the end of 2023. Refer to “Contractual Obligations” presented within “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 for additional information regarding our cash requirements.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other Company communications that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Generally, the use of words such as “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “will,” “forecast,” “outlook”, “plan,” “project,” or similar words identify forward-looking statements that we intend to be included within the safe harbor protections provided by the federal securities laws. Such forward-looking statements include or may relate to projections or guidance concerning business performance, revenue, earnings, cash flow, earnings per share, share repurchases, the current economic environment, commodity and labor costs, currency fluctuations, profit margins, supply chain operating margin, net unit growth, unit level performance, capital expenditures, restaurant and franchise development, restaurant acquisitions, restaurant closures, labor shortages, labor cost increases, changes in management, inflation, royalty relief, franchisee support and incentives, the effectiveness of our menu innovations and other business initiatives, investments in product and digital innovation, marketing efforts and investments, liquidity, compliance with debt covenants, impairments, strategic decisions and actions, changes to our national marketing fund, changes to our commissary model, dividends, effective tax rates, regulatory changes and impacts, investments in and repositioning of the UK market, International restructuring plans, timing and costs, International consumer demand, adoption of new accounting standards, and other financial and operational measures. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those matters expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are involved in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
•the ability of the Company to manage challenging macroeconomic conditions in the United States and internationally, including the United Kingdom;
•the ability of the Company to retain key management and manage staffing and labor shortages at Company and/or franchised restaurants and our Quality Control Centers;
•increases in labor costs, food costs or sustained higher other operating costs, including as a result of supply chain disruption, inflation or climate change;
•the potential for delayed new restaurant openings, both domestically and internationally;
•the increased risk of phishing, ransomware and other cyber-attacks;
•risks to the global economy and our business related to the conflict in Ukraine and the Middle East and other international conflicts;
•increased costs for branding initiatives and launching new advertising and marketing campaigns and promotions to boost consumer sentiment and sales trends, and the risk that such initiatives will not be effective;
•risks related to a possible economic slowdown that could, among other things, reduce consumer spending or demand and result in changing consumer practices;
•risks related to social media, including publicity adversely and rapidly impacting our brand and reputation;
•aggressive changes in pricing or other marketing or promotional strategies by competitors, which may adversely affect sales and profitability; and new product and concept developments by food industry competitors;
•changes in consumer preferences or consumer buying habits, including the growing popularity of delivery aggregators, as well as changes in general economic conditions or other factors that may affect consumer confidence and discretionary spending, including higher unemployment;
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•the adverse impact on the Company or our results caused by global health concerns, product recalls, food quality or safety issues, incidences of foodborne illness, food contamination and other general public health concerns about our Company-owned or franchised restaurants or others in the restaurant industry;
•the effectiveness of our technology investments and changes in unit-level operations;
•the ability of the Company and its franchisees to meet planned growth targets and operate new and existing restaurants profitably, including difficulties finding qualified franchisees, restaurant level employees or suitable sites;
•increases in insurance claims and related costs for programs funded by the Company up to certain retention limits, including medical, owned and non-owned vehicles, workers’ compensation, general liability and property;
•disruption of our supply chain or commissary operations which could be caused by our sole source of supply of mozzarella cheese, desserts, garlic cups or limited source of suppliers for other key ingredients or more generally due to weather, natural disasters including drought, disease, or geopolitical or other disruptions beyond our control;
•increased risks associated with our International operations, including economic and political conditions, instability or uncertainty in our international markets, especially emerging markets, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, difficulty in meeting planned sales targets and new restaurant growth;
•the impact of current or future claims and litigation and our ability to comply with current, proposed or future legislation that could impact our business;
•risks related to our indebtedness and borrowing costs, including prolonged higher interest rates, and the current state of the credit markets;
•the Company’s ability to continue to pay dividends to stockholders based upon profitability, cash flows and capital adequacy if restaurant sales and operating results decline;
•our ability to effectively operate and improve the performance of International Company-owned restaurants;
•disruption of critical business or information technology systems, or those of our suppliers, and risks associated with systems failures and data privacy and cybersecurity incidents, including theft of confidential Company, employee and customer information, including payment cards; and
•changes in Federal or state income, general and other tax laws, rules and regulations and changes in generally accepted accounting principles.
These and other risk factors are discussed in detail in “Part I. Item 1A. – Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise, except as required by law.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes on our PJI Revolving Facility and PJMF Revolving Facility. We attempt to minimize interest rate risk exposure by fixing our interest rate through the utilization of interest rate swaps, which are derivative financial instruments. Our swaps are entered into with financial institutions that participate in the PJI Revolving Facility. By using a derivative instrument to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates, we expose ourselves to credit risk due to the possible failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. We do not enter into contracts for trading purposes and do not use leveraged instruments. The market risks associated with our debt obligations as of September 29, 2024 have not changed from those reported in “Part II. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. See “Note 8. Debt” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on our debt obligations and derivative instruments.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations from our operations outside of the United States, which can adversely impact our revenues, net income and cash flows. Our International operations principally consist of distribution sales to franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the UK, operation of Company-owned restaurants in the UK, and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees. Approximately 6.5% and 7.4% of our revenues were derived from these operations for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, as compared to 8.2% and 7.0% for the prior year comparable period.
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We have not historically hedged our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had an unfavorable impact of approximately $0.1 million and a favorable impact of $1.6 million on International revenues for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and a favorable impact of $2.3 million and an unfavorable impact of $0.7 million on International revenues for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had an unfavorable impact of approximately $0.5 million and $1.7 million on operating income for the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, respectively, and an unfavorable impact of approximately $0.3 million and $0.8 million on operating income for the three and nine months ended September 24, 2023, respectively.
Commodity Price Risk
In the ordinary course of business, the food and paper products we purchase, including cheese (our largest ingredient cost), are subject to seasonal fluctuations, weather, availability, demand and other factors that are beyond our control. We have pricing agreements with some of our vendors, including forward pricing agreements for a portion of our cheese purchases for our Domestic Company-owned restaurants, which are accounted for as normal purchases; however, we still remain exposed to ongoing commodity volatility, and increases in commodity prices or food costs, including as a result of inflation, could negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of operations. We have not historically entered into other financial instruments that would be accounted for as hedging instruments to manage this risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there was no change made in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 450, “Contingencies”, the Company has made accruals with respect to these matters, where appropriate, which are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. We review these provisions at least quarterly and adjust these provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. The legal proceedings described in “Note 10. Litigation, Commitments and Contingencies” of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” within “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Share Repurchase Program
On October 28, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with an indefinite duration for up to $425.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Funding for the share repurchase program is provided through our operating cash flows and cash provided from borrowings under our $600.0 million PJI Revolving Facility.
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The following table summarizes our repurchase activity by fiscal period during the three months ended September 29, 2024 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Fiscal Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
7/01/2024 - 7/28/2024 |  | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | 90,160
7/29/2024 - 8/25/2024 |  | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | 90,160
8/26/2024 - 9/29/2024 |  | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | 90,160
Total |  | — |  | $ | — |  | — |  | $ | 90,160

The Company utilizes a written trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, from time to time to facilitate the repurchase of shares of our common stock under this share repurchase program. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase shares of our common stock either through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or otherwise.
Repurchases of Stock for Tax Withholdings
During the fiscal quarter ended September 29, 2024, the Company acquired approximately 4,000 shares of its common stock from employees to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose upon (i) vesting of restricted stock granted pursuant to approved plans and (ii) distribution of shares of common stock issued pursuant to deferred compensation obligations.
Item 5. Other Information
During the three months ended September 29, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.1** |  | Papa John’s International, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan Amended and Restated Effective January 1, 2025.
10.2 |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Amended and Restated Change of Control Severance Plan, dated August 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference to our Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024 filed on August 8, 2024).
10.3 |  | Employment Agreement between Papa John’s International, Inc. and Todd Penegor dated and effective July 31, 2024 (incorporated by reference to our Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 5, 2024).
10.4 |  | Form of Performance-Based Retention Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 19, 2024).
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Papa John’s International, Inc. for the quarter ended September 29, 2024, filed on November 7, 2024, formatted in iXBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

** Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| PAPA JOHN’S INTERNATIONAL, INC.
| (Registrant)
Date: November 7, 2024 | /s/ Ravi Thanawala
| Ravi Thanawala
| Chief Financial Officer & EVP, International

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