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Segment Information
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 28, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information
12. Segment Information
We have four reportable segments: Domestic Company-owned restaurants, North America franchising, North America commissaries, and International operations. The Domestic Company-owned restaurants segment consists of the operations of all Domestic Company-owned restaurants and principally generates revenues from retail sales of pizza and other food and beverage products. The North America franchising segment consists of our franchise sales and support activities and derives its revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our franchisees located in the United States and Canada. The North America commissaries segment consists of the operations of our regional dough production and product distribution centers in the United States and Canada and derives its revenues principally from the sale and distribution of food and paper products to Domestic Company-owned and franchised restaurants in the United States and Canada. The International segment consists of the operations of all Company-owned restaurants located in the UK, as well as distribution sales to franchised Papa Johns restaurants located in the UK and our franchise sales and support activities, which derive revenues from sales of franchise and development rights and the collection of royalties from our International franchisees. International franchisees are defined as all franchise operations outside of the United States and Canada. Our reportable segments are distinct business units that provide different products or services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies. Certain administrative and capital costs are allocated to each of our segments based upon predetermined rates or estimated resource usage.
All other business units that do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for determining reportable segments, which are not operating segments, we refer to as “All Other”. These consist of operations that derive revenues from franchise contributions to marketing funds and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms.
Our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, the Company updated its measure of segment profit or loss to be adjusted EBITDA, which aligns with how the CODM evaluates performance of and allocates resources to our segments. For comparability purposes, segment results for the prior year period have been recast to reflect this change in measure of segment profit or loss. Adjusted EBITDA represents Net income before Net interest expense, Income tax expense, Depreciation and amortization, Stock-based compensation expense, and other adjustments that vary from period to period, including certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business. During the annual budget and forecasting process, the CODM uses adjusted EBITDA to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial or capital resources) to the segments. The CODM regularly reviews trends in adjusted EBITDA on at least a quarterly basis to evaluate the profitability of the segments and to make resource allocation decisions. When our CODM reviews balance sheet information, it is at a consolidated level.
Segment Results
The tables below present our operating results by segment (in thousands). The significant expense categories and amounts presented in the tables below align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. A reconciliation to Company results is included in the following section.
Three Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$165,194$33,797$209,403$44,721$453,115
Intersegment revenues—1,16150,086—51,247
Segment revenue$165,194$34,958$259,489$44,721$504,362
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$49,836$—$186,617$13,426$249,879
COS - Salaries & Benefits55,124—31,0521,94188,117
COS - Other (d)
45,957—16,7798,67771,413
General & Administrative10,3359,4525,83910,85836,484
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———4,5194,519
Segment adjusted EBITDA$3,942 $25,506 $19,202 $5,300 $53,950 
Three Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$168,672$33,831$210,389$39,098$451,990
Intersegment revenues—1,01152,063—53,074
Segment revenue$168,672$34,842$262,452$39,098$505,064
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$52,953$—$191,868$12,996$257,817
COS - Salaries & Benefits56,554—29,3071,61587,476
COS - Other (d)
45,577—16,1187,20868,903
General & Administrative (b)
9,2348,1818,4739,94435,832
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———3,2843,284
Segment adjusted EBITDA$4,354 $26,661 $16,686 $4,051 $51,752 
Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$511,786$104,708$637,168$128,016$1,381,678
Intersegment revenues—3,664154,356—158,020
Segment revenue$511,786$108,372$791,524$128,016$1,539,698
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$155,169$—$566,640$37,645$759,454
COS - Salaries & Benefits170,305—91,0955,473266,873
COS - Other (d)
136,441—49,43925,116210,996
General & Administrative31,03328,77626,14528,983114,937
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———14,47914,479
Segment adjusted EBITDA$18,838 $79,596 $58,205 $16,320 $172,959 
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-Owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalTotal
Revenues from external customers$518,103$103,937$611,873$132,318$1,366,231
Intersegment revenues—3,101151,633—154,734
Segment revenue$518,103$107,038$763,506$132,318$1,520,965
Less segment expenses (a):
COS - Product Costs$154,441$—$555,264$39,224$748,929
COS - Salaries & Benefits170,532—87,79912,118270,449
COS - Other (d)
131,478—45,02831,541208,047
General & Administrative (b)
28,88424,66226,51128,258108,315
Other Segment Expenses (c)
———9,2199,219
Segment adjusted EBITDA$32,768 $82,376 $48,904 $11,958 $176,006 
___________________________________
(a)    Segment expenses exclude Depreciation and amortization, Stock-based compensation expense, and certain General and Administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business (see reconciliation that follows).
(b)    The Company prospectively adjusted for updates in internal cost allocation methodologies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2024, which increased the amount of internal general and administrative expenses allocated to the segments from Unallocated corporate expenses. These methodology updates have been reflected in the 2024 comparable results. Refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2024 for additional information.
(c)    Other Segment Expenses represent all operating expenses that are not included in the significant segment expense categories. The components of Other Segment Expenses are advertising fund expenses and other operating expenses.
(d)    We have included “COS - Other” as a significant expense category beginning in the first quarter of 2025, consistent with the segment expense categories regularly provided to the CODM when evaluating segment performance and allocating resources. “COS - Other” includes delivery expenses, Company-owned restaurant advertising costs, insurance, rent, aggregator fees, and other costs of sales. For comparability purposes, we have recast quarterly 2024 segment results to include this expense category.
Reconciliation of Segment Results to Company Results

The following table reconciles total revenue from our segments to Total revenues and total adjusted EBITDA from our segments to Income before income taxes (in thousands):

Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 28, 2025September 29, 2024September 28, 2025September 29, 2024
Total Segment revenue$504,362 $505,064 $1,539,698 $1,520,965 
All Other Revenue (a)
68,866 68,289 216,958 202,808 
Elimination of intersegment revenue(65,074)(66,546)(201,027)(195,156)
Total revenues$508,154 $506,807 $1,555,629 $1,528,617 
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 28, 2025September 29, 2024September 28, 2025September 29, 2024
Total Segment adjusted EBITDA$53,950 $51,752 $172,959 $176,006 
All Other adjusted EBITDA (a)
4,498 6,841 23,896 19,559 
Unallocated corporate expenses, adjusted (b)
(10,689)(8,678)(46,857)(26,241)
Other income/(expense) adjustments to reconcile to income before income before income taxes (c)
(31,588)15,314 (85,372)(42,151)
Net interest expense(9,945)(10,629)(30,608)(32,588)
Income before income taxes$6,226 $54,600 $34,018 $94,585 
___________________________________
(a)    As noted in the commentary above, All Other revenue and adjusted EBITDA is derived from business units that do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for determining reportable segments. These consist of operations that derive revenues from franchise contributions to marketing funds and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including our point-of-sale system, online and other technology-based ordering platforms. Our largest marketing fund is PJMF, which is designed to operate at break-even for the purpose of designing and administering advertising and promotional programs for all participating Domestic restaurants. Technology-based franchisee fees are meant to offset the costs of building, operating, and depreciating technology that supports franchisee operations. As such, these fees may vary from period to period, as they are designed to operate near break-even over time including the impact of depreciation.
(b)    Unallocated corporate expenses represent administrative fees incurred by the restaurant support centers, including information systems and related services, corporate salaries and bonuses, and other corporate costs. These expenses are adjusted for depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business (see reconciliation that follows). The increases in unallocated corporate expenses for the three and nine month periods ended September 28, 2025 were primarily due to incremental marketing investments and an increase in management incentive compensation compared to the prior year comparable period.
(c)    Other income/(expense) adjustments represent Depreciation and amortization, Stock-based compensation expense, and certain general and administrative expenses and other items that do not reflect normal, recurring expenses necessary to operate our business. As such, management excludes these items from the evaluation of adjusted EBITDA. For the periods above, the adjustments include:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands)September 28, 2025September 29, 2024September 28, 2025September 29, 2024
Depreciation and amortization$24,914 $17,260 $62,076 $52,528 
Stock-based compensation expense4,639 3,358 12,132 5,903 
Gain on sale of QC Center properties— (41,289)— (41,289)
International restructuring costs231 3,862 4,862 19,514 
Other costs (a)
1,804 1,495 6,302 5,495 
Other (income)/expense adjustments$31,588 $(15,314)$85,372 $42,151 
___________________________________
(a)For the three and nine months ended September 28, 2025, other costs is comprised of the following:
i.Losses on disposal of equipment incurred in connection with the termination of a COVID-era program that pre-purchased store equipment due to supply chain challenges;
ii.Costs associated with project-based strategic initiatives that are not related to our ongoing operations as well as transaction costs incurred in connection with the anticipated sale of our 70% interest in a joint venture operating 85 restaurants (refer to “Note 11. Divestitures” for further information), of which approximately $0.1 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests, and;
iii.Costs incurred, net of anticipated insurance recoveries, arising from tornadoes that struck the Texas QC Center as well as the restaurant support center and QC Center in Louisville, Kentucky.
For the three and nine months ended September 29, 2024, represents a non-cash impairment charge related to fixed and intangible assets related to certain Domestic restaurants. Refer to “Note 11. Divestitures” of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for further details.
Disaggregation of Revenue
Our segments earn revenue from both external and internal customers. No single external customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues. We account for intercompany sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties and subsequently eliminate the activity. The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies.
In the following tables, revenues are disaggregated by major product/service line. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenues by the reportable segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$165,194 $— $— $3,227 $— $— $168,421 
Franchise royalties and fees— 34,958 — 13,254 — (1,161)47,051 
Commissary sales— — 259,489 20,178 — (50,086)229,581 
Other revenues— — — 3,278 22,463 (4,317)21,424 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 4,784 46,403 (9,510)41,677 
Total revenues$165,194 $34,958 $259,489 $44,721 $68,866 $(65,074)$508,154 
Three Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$168,672 $— $— $2,425 $— $— $171,097 
Franchise royalties and fees— 34,842 — 12,000 — (1,012)45,830 
Commissary sales— — 262,452 18,600 — (52,063)228,989 
Other revenues— — — 2,789 20,247 (3,515)19,521 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 3,284 48,042 (9,956)41,370 
Total revenues$168,672 $34,842 $262,452 $39,098 $68,289 $(66,546)$506,807 
Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$511,786 $— $— $9,505 $— $— $521,291 
Franchise royalties and fees— 108,372 — 38,701 — (3,664)143,409 
Commissary sales— — 791,524 55,930 — (154,356)693,098 
Other revenues— — — 9,971 71,842 (13,496)68,317 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 13,909 145,116 (29,511)129,514 
Total revenues$511,786 $108,372 $791,524 $128,016 $216,958 $(201,027)$1,555,629 
Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024
Domestic Company-owned RestaurantsNorth America FranchisingNorth America CommissariesInternationalAll OtherElimination of Intersegment RevenueTotal
Company-owned restaurant sales$518,103 $— $— $28,885 $— $— $546,988 
Franchise royalties and fees— 107,038 — 35,598 — (3,101)139,535 
Commissary sales— — 763,506 48,950 — (151,633)660,823 
Other revenues— — — 9,641 61,924 (10,699)60,866 
Advertising funds revenue— — — 9,244 140,884 (29,723)120,405 
Total revenues$518,103 $107,038 $763,506 $132,318 $202,808 $(195,156)$1,528,617