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Derivatives | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] |
Derivatives | DERIVATIVES Types and Uses of Derivatives Instruments Interest Rate Derivatives. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company used short positions in U.S. Treasury futures and interest rate swaps to mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on its repurchase agreement financing costs and the fair value of its investments. TBA Transactions. The Company purchases TBA securities as a means of investing in non-specified fixed-rate Agency RMBS and may also periodically sell TBA securities as a means of economically hedging its exposure to Agency RMBS. The Company holds long or short positions in TBA securities by executing a series of transactions, commonly referred to as “dollar roll” transactions, which effectively delay the settlement of a forward purchase (or sale) of a non-specified Agency RMBS by entering into an offsetting TBA position, net settling the paired-off positions in cash, and simultaneously entering into an identical TBA long (or short) position with a later settlement date. TBA securities purchased (or sold) for a forward settlement date are generally priced at a discount relative to TBA securities settling in the current month. This discount, often referred to as “drop income” represents the economic equivalent of net interest income (interest income less implied financing cost) on the underlying Agency security from trade date to settlement date. The Company accounts for all TBAs (whether net long or net short positions, or collectively “TBA dollar roll positions”) as derivative instruments because it cannot assert that it is probable at inception and throughout the term of an individual TBA transaction that its settlement will result in physical delivery of the underlying Agency RMBS, or that the individual TBA transaction will settle in the shortest period possible. The table below provides detail of the Company’s gain and losses by type of derivative instrument for the periods indicated:
|  |  |  | Year Ended
|  |  |  | December 31,
Type of Derivative Instrument |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |
($s in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury futures |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 174,108 |  |  | $ | (12,430) |  |  | $ | 724,347 |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  | 152,781 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Interest rate swaptions |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,738 |  |
Put options on U.S. Treasury futures |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,588 |  |  | (431) |  |
TBA securities |  |  |  |  |  | (38,512) |  |  | (22,063) |  |  | (335,647) |  |
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 288,377 |  |  | $ | (32,905) |  |  | $ | 436,007 |  |
The table below provides the carrying amount by type of derivative instrument comprising the Company’s derivative assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets as of the dates indicated:
Type of Derivative Instrument |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Purpose |  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
($s in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
TBA securities |  | Derivative assets |  | Investing |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 54,361 |
Total derivatives assets |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 54,361 |
TBA securities |  | Derivative liabilities |  | Investing |  | $ | 22,814 |  |  | $ | — |
Total derivatives liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 22,814 |  |  | $ | — |
The table below presents certain information regarding the short positions in interest rate swaps the Company held as of December 31, 2024. The Company did not hold any interest rate swap agreements as of December 31, 2023.
|  | December 31, 2024 |  |
Interest Rate Swaps - Years to Maturity |  | Notional Amount Long (Short) |  | Weighted Average Fixed Pay Rate |  |  |  |  |  |
($s in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4-5 years |  | $ | (1,275,000) |  |  | 3.42 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
6-7 years |  | (3,085,000) |  |  | 3.61 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
9-10 years |  | (1,025,000) |  |  | 3.83 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | (5,385,000) |  |  | 3.61 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Because the daily margin exchanged for the Company’s U.S. Treasury futures and interest rate swaps are considered legal settlement of the derivative as opposed to a pledge of collateral, these instruments have a carrying value of $0 on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s U.S. Treasury futures were in an asset position of $1.9 million as of December 31, 2024 and a liability position of $(219.9) million as of December 31, 2023, and its interest rate swaps were in an asset position of $152.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and $0 as of December 31, 2023. The amount of cash posted by the Company to cover required initial margin for these instruments was $219.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and $118.2 million as of December 31, 2023, which was recorded within “cash collateral posted to counterparties.” The Company had a margin excess of $10.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and $1.3 million as of December 31, 2023, which was recorded within “due from counterparties.” The following table summarizes information about the Company's long positions in TBA securities as of the dates indicated:
($s in thousands) |  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Implied market value (1) |  | $ | 2,318,392 |  |  | $ | 1,381,702 |
Implied cost basis (2) |  | 2,341,073 |  |  | 1,327,341 |
Net carrying value (3) |  | $ | (22,681) |  |  | $ | 54,361 |
(1) Implied market value represents the estimated fair value of the underlying Agency MBS as of the dates indicated. (2) Implied cost basis represents the forward price to be paid for the underlying Agency MBS as of the dates indicated. (3) Net carrying value is the amount included on the consolidated balance sheets within “derivative assets” and “derivative liabilities” and represents the difference between the implied market value and the implied cost basis of the TBA securities as of the dates indicated. Volume of Activity The table below summarizes changes in the Company’s derivative instruments for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Type of Derivative Instrument |  | Beginning Notional Amount-Long (Short) |  | Additions |  | Settlements, Terminations, or Pair-Offs |  | Ending Notional Amount-Long (Short)
($s in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury futures |  | $ | (4,880,000) |  |  | $ | (19,199,500) |  |  | $ | 22,828,000 |  |  | $ | (1,251,500) |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | (5,385,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,385,000) |
TBA securities |  | 1,403,000 |  |  | 26,025,000 |  |  | (25,009,000) |  |  | 2,419,000 |
Offsetting The Company's derivatives are subject to underlying agreements with master netting or similar arrangements, which provide for the right of setoff in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. The Company reports its derivative assets and liabilities subject to these arrangements on a gross basis. Please see Note 4 for information related to the Company’s repurchase agreements, which are also subject to underlying agreements with master netting or similar arrangements. The following tables present information regarding those derivative assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements as if the Company had presented them on a net basis as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
| Offsetting of Assets
($s in thousands) | Gross Amount of Recognized Assets |  | Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet (1) |  | Net Amount
Financial Instruments Received as Collateral |  | Cash Received as Collateral
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBA securities | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | (133) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative assets | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | (133) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBA securities | $ | 54,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (44,153) |  |  | $ | 10,208 |
Derivative assets | $ | 54,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (44,153) |  |  | $ | 10,208 |
| Offsetting of Liabilities
($s in thousands) | Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities |  | Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet (1) |  | Net Amount
Financial Instruments Posted as Collateral |  | Cash Posted as Collateral
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBA securities | $ | 22,814 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,814 |  |  | $ | (133) |  |  | $ | (21,308) |  |  | $ | 1,373 |
Derivative liabilities | $ | 22,814 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,814 |  |  | $ | (133) |  |  | $ | (21,308) |  |  | $ | 1,373 |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TBA securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivative liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
(1) Amounts disclosed for collateral received by or posted to the same counterparty include cash and the fair value of MBS up to and not exceeding the net amount of the derivative asset or liability presented in the balance sheet. The fair value of the total collateral received by or posted to the same counterparty may exceed the amounts presented. Please refer to the consolidated balance sheets for the total fair value of financial instruments pledged as collateral for derivatives and repurchase agreements, which is shown parenthetically, and the total cash pledged or received as collateral which is disclosed as “cash collateral posted to/by counterparties.”

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- Definition The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 815 -SubTopic 40 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-5 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 815 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 5C -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480434/815-10-50-5C Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 815 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/815/tableOfContent + Details
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