<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-22-076374.txt : 20220630
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20220630172500
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-22-076374
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		17
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20220627
ITEM INFORMATION:		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
ITEM INFORMATION:		Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20220630
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20220630

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Ivanhoe Electric Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001879016
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	METAL MINING [1000]
		IRS NUMBER:				320633823
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-41436
		FILM NUMBER:		221058834

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		606 - 999 CANADA PLACE
		CITY:			VANCOUVER
		STATE:			A1
		ZIP:			V6C 3E1
		BUSINESS PHONE:		604-689-8765

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		606 - 999 CANADA PLACE
		CITY:			VANCOUVER
		STATE:			A1
		ZIP:			V6C 3E1
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES<br />
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM&#160;<span id="xdx_900_edei--DocumentType_c20220627__20220627_zBIxbU8kI3Re"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-06-27to2022-06-27" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed since
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of the
Act:</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Emerging growth company <span id="xdx_905_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20220627__20220627_zY16aCLGxNjb" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-06-27to2022-06-27" format="ixt:booleantrue" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#120;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. </span><span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityExTransitionPeriod_c20220627__20220627_zKbaZeI9ghHb" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2022-06-27to2022-06-27" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityExTransitionPeriod">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Item 3.02. Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On June&#160;30, 2022, Ivanhoe
Electric Inc. (the &#8220;<b>Company</b>&#8221;), became obligated to issue an aggregate of 13,628,958 shares of its common stock, par
value $0.0001 per share (&#8220;<b>Common Stock</b>&#8221;), upon the automatic conversion effective as of the closing date of the Company&#8217;s
initial public offering (the &#8220;<b>Offering</b>&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s outstanding Series 1 convertible notes (the &#8220;<b>Series
1 Convertible Notes</b>&#8221;) and Series 2 convertible notes (the &#8220;<b>Series 2 Convertible Notes</b>&#8221; and together with
the Series 1 Convertible Notes, the &#8220;<b>Convertible Notes</b>&#8221;) in the aggregate principal amount of $137,703,922 together
with accrued and unpaid interest to the date of conversion, and 945,626 shares of Common Stock to Central Arizona Resources Ltd. as partial
consideration for the assignment to one of the Company&#8217;s wholly-owned subsidiaries of certain rights associated with one of the
Company&#8217;s projects (the &#8220;<b>CAR Shares</b>&#8221;). The 5,419,923 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the automatic conversion
of the Series 1 Convertible Notes will be issued at a conversion price of $9.39 per share. The 8,209,035 shares of Common Stock issuable
upon the automatic conversion of the Series 2 Convertible Notes will be issued at a conversion price of $10.58 per share. The CAR shares
will be issued at a price of $10.58 per share. The shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Convertible Notes and CAR Shares will
be issued in reliance on the exemptions contained in Sections 3(a)(9) and 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Item 3.03. Material
Modifications to Rights of Security Holders.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">The description in Item 5.03 below of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Item&#160;5.02 Departure
of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Resignation of Directors</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective as of June 27,
2022, Mr. Laurent Frescaline, Mr. Kenneth Lau, Mr. Ian Plimer and Mr. Patrick On Yip Tsang resigned from the Company&#8217;s board of
directors in connection with the Offering. The decision of each of Mr. Frescaline, Mr. Lau, Mr. Plimer and Mr. Tsang to resign as a director
was previously disclosed in the final prospectus filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2022
pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form
S-1, as amended (File No. 333-265175) (the &#8220;<b>Prospectus</b>&#8221;) and was not the result of any disagreement with the Company
on any matter relating to its operations, policies, or practices.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Appointment of Directors</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective as of June 27,
2022, Mr. Russell Ball, Ms. Victoire de Margerie, Mr. Oskar Lewnowski and Ms. Priya Patil were appointed to the Company&#8217;s board
of directors. The appointment of each of Mr. Ball, Ms. De Margerie, Mr. Lewnowski and Ms. Patil was previously disclosed in the Prospectus.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>2022 Long Term Incentive Plan</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company&#8217;s stockholders
approved the adoption of the Long Term Incentive Plan (the &#8220;<b>2022 Plan</b>&#8221;). A description of the 2022 Plan is set forth
in the Prospectus in the section titled &#8220;Executive and Director Compensation.&#8221; The 2022 Plan is effective on June 30, 2022.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;<b>Item&#160;5.03. Amendments to Articles
of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On June 29, 2022, the Company
filed an amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the &#8220;<b>Certificate of Incorporation</b>&#8221;) with the Secretary
of State of the State of Delaware, which became effective on June 30, 2022. A description of the Certificate of Incorporation is set
forth in the section of the Prospectus titled &#8220;Description of Capital Stock.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A copy of the Certificate
of Incorporation is filed herewith as Exhibit&#160;3.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Amended and Restated Bylaws</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Effective as of June 30,
2022, the Company adopted amended and restated bylaws (the &#8220;<b>Bylaws</b>&#8221;). A description of the Bylaws is set forth in
the section of the Prospectus titled &#8220;Description of Capital Stock.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A copy of the Bylaws is filed
herewith as Exhibit&#160;3.2 and is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Item&#160;8.01. Other
Events.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.45in; background-color: white">On
June 27, 2022, the Company announced the pricing of the initial public offering of 14,388,000 shares of its Common Stock at a price to
the public of&#160;$11.75&#160;per share. In addition, the Company granted the underwriters a&#160;30-day&#160;option to purchase up
to 2,158,200 additional shares of Common Stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.&#160;A copy
of the Company&#8217;s press release is attached hereto as Exhibit&#160;99.1 to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K&#160;and incorporated
herein in its entirety.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.45in; background-color: white">On
June 30, 2022, the Company announced the closing of its initial public offering described above. A copy of the Company&#8217;s press
release is attached hereto as Exhibit&#160;99.2 to this Current Report on Form&#160;8-K&#160;and incorporated herein in its entirety.
The underwriters have not exercised their option to purchase additional shares of common stock as of the date hereof.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>Item&#160;9.01. Financial Statements and
Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>(d)&#160;Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
<td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 10%; padding-right: 0.8pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit&#160;No.</b></span></td>
<td style="width: 1%; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center; width: 89%; padding-right: 0.8pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1</span></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ivanhoe Electric&#160;Inc.</span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex3-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2</span></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex3-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amended
and Restated Bylaws of Ivanhoe Electric&#160;Inc.</span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Press
Release dated June&#160;27, 2022 </span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex99-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.2</span></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><a href="tm2220125d1_ex99-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Press
Release dated June&#160;30, 2022</span></a></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>




<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 16.2pt; background-color: white">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 1.8pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IVANHOE
ELECTRIC&#160;INC.</span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 50%; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="width: 3%; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="width: 47%; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
June 30, 2022</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
<td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: top">/s/ <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Catherine
Barone</span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Catherine
Barone</span></td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 0.8pt">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 0.8pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interim
Chief Financial Officer</span></td></tr>
</table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
3.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 28%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>State
of Delaware&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; width: 44%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 28%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Secretary
of State&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Division
of Corporations&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Delivered
05:39 PM 06/29/2022&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>AMENDED
AND RESTATED</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FILED
05:39 PM 06/29/2022&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>SR
20222868369 - File Number 3239208</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CERTIFICATE
OF INCORPORATION&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OF</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
<TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>IVANHOE
ELECTRIC INC.</B></FONT></TD>
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4pt 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ivanhoe
Electric Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the <B>&ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;),</B> hereby
certifies as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 37.2pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The name of the Corporation is Ivanhoe Electric Inc. The date
of the filing of its original Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware was July 14, 2020 (the
<B>&ldquo;Original Certificate&rdquo;).</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certificate of Amendments to the Original Certificate were filed
with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 29, 2021 and June 16, 2022 (the &ldquo;<B>Certificates of Amendment</B>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the <B>&ldquo;Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation&rdquo;) </B>amends,
restates and integrates the provisions of the Original Certificate and the Certificate of Amendments. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Board of Directors of the Corporation, acting in accordance with the provisions of Sections 141 and 242 of the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware (the <B>&ldquo;<U>DGCL</U>&rdquo;), </B>duly adopted resolutions proposing to amend, restate and
integrate the provisions of </FONT>the Original Certificate and the Certificate of Amendments, declaring said amendment and
restatement to be advisable and in the best interests of the Corporation and its stockholders, and authorizing the appropriate
officers of the Corporation to solicit the consent of the stockholders therefore, and this Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation was approved by the holders of the requisite number of shares of stock of the Corporation in accordance with Section
228 of the DGCL.</P>



<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been duly adopted and approved by the Board of Directors and the stockholders
of the Corporation in accordance with Sections 242 and 245 of the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The text of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
as heretofore amended or supplemented is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as set forth in <U>Exhibit A</U> attached
hereto and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation shall be effective
as of 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time on June 30, 2022.</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 41.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 41.4pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 41.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 41.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation this 29<SUP>th</SUP> day of June,
2022.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IVANHOE
    ELECTRIC INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2.5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47.5%">/s/ Sam Kenny</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:
    Sam Kenny</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:
    Secretary</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
1</B></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>NAME</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
name of the corporation is Ivanhoe Electric Inc. (the <B>&ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;).</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
2</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>REGISTERED
OFFICE AND AGENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
address of the Corporation&rsquo;s registered office in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, City of Wilmington, County of New
Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
3</B></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PURPOSE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (the <B>&ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;).</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
4</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CAPITAL
STOCK</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1 <I>Authorized Capital Stock.</I> The total number of shares of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is
750,000,000 shares of which (i) 700,000,000 shares shall be a class designated as common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the <B>&ldquo;Common
Stock&rdquo;), </B>and (ii) 50,000,000 shares shall be a class designated as undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share
(the <B>&ldquo;Preferred Stock&rdquo;).</B> Except as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation of any series of undesignated
Preferred Stock, the number of authorized shares of the class of Common Stock or Preferred Stock may from time to time be increased or
decreased (but not below the number of shares of such class outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting
power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2 <I>Preferred Stock.</I> The Board of Directors is hereby empowered, without any action or vote by the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders (
except as may otherwise be provided by the terms of any class or series of Preferred Stock then outstanding), to authorize by resolution
or resolutions from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock and to fix the designation, powers,
preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof,
if any, with respect to each such class or series of Preferred Stock and the number of shares constituting each such class or series,
and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such class or series to the extent permitted by the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3 <I>Voting Rights.</I> Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held of record by such
holder. Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders in accordance with the bylaws of the Corporation
as in effect at the time in question (the <B>&ldquo;Bylaws&rdquo;)</B> and applicable law on all matters put to a vote of the stockholders
of the Corporation<I>; provided, however,</I> that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of Common Stock, as such, shall not
be entitled to vote on any amendment to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation
relating to any class or series of Preferred Stock then outstanding) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding classes
or series of Preferred Stock if the holders of such affected class or series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders
of one or more other such classes or series, to vote thereon pursuant to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (including
any certificate of designation relating to any class or series of Preferred Stock then outstanding) or pursuant to the DGCL. Except as
otherwise required by law, each holder of any series of Preferred Stock shall be entitled only to the voting rights, if any, as shall
expressly be granted thereto by the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such series of Preferred Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4 <I>Dividends.</I> Subject to the rights of any holders of any series of Preferred Stock which may from time to time come into existence
and be outstanding, each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to the payment of dividends and the right to receive other distributions
from the Corporation when and as declared by the Board of Directors in accordance with applicable law. Any dividends or other distributions
declared by the Board of Directors to the holders of the then-outstanding Common Stock shall be paid to such holders pro rata in accordance
with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder as of the record date of such dividend or other distribution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5 <I>Liquidation.</I> Subject to the rights of any holders of any series of Preferred Stock which may from time to time come into existence
and be outstanding, in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary,
the funds and assets of the Corporation that may be legally distributed to the stockholders of the Corporation shall be distributed among
the holders of the then-outstanding Common Stock pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder
as of the date of such distribution.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
5</B></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>BOARD
OF DIRECTORS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1 <I>Power of the Board of Directors.</I> Except as otherwise provided in this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or in
the DGCL, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.05pt; text-indent: 35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2 <I>Number of Directors.</I> Except as otherwise provided for or fixed pursuant to Article 4, including any certificate of designation
filed with respect to any series of Preferred Stock, the total number of directors shall be determined from time to time exclusively
by resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3 <I>Election of Directors.</I></FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 71.85pt"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; padding-right: 29pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All
                                            of the directors will be elected annually at the annual meeting of stockholders.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 71.85pt"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-right: 3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A
                                            majority of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business
                                            at any meeting of the Board of Directors and, except as otherwise expressly required by law
                                            or by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the act of a majority of the
                                            directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board
                                            of Directors.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 71.85pt"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; padding-right: 12pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
                                            director shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified
                                            or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 71.85pt"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; padding-right: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">There
                                            shall be no cumulative voting in the election of directors. Election of directors need not
                                            be by written ballot unless the Bylaws so provide.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.7pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4 <I>Vacancies.</I> Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding to elect Directors
and to fill vacancies in the Board of Directors relating thereto, any and all vacancies in the Board of Directors however occurring,
including, without limitation, by reason of newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors or the
death, resignation, disqualification or removal of a director, may be filled solely and exclusively by the affirmative vote of a majority
of the remaining directors then in office, even if less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, or by the sole remaining director, and
not by the stockholders. Any director elected to fill a vacancy or newly-created directorship shall hold office until the next election
of directors and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification
or removal.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
6</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>STOCKHOLDERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1 <I>No Action by Written Consent of Stockholders.</I> Subject to the rights of any holders of any series of Preferred Stock which may
from time to time come into existence and be outstanding, any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting
of stockholders may be taken only upon a vote of stockholders at an annual or special meeting of stockholders duly noticed and called
in accordance with the Bylaws and the DGCL and may not be taken by written consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2 <I>Special Meetings of Stockholders.</I> Except as otherwise required by law and subject to the rights of the holders of any series
of Preferred Stock which may from time to time come into existence and be outstanding, special meetings of stockholders for any purpose
or purposes may be called at any time only by or at the direction of the Board or an officer of the Corporation authorized by the Board
or designated in the Bylaws of the Corporation to call such a special meeting, but such special meetings may not be called by stockholders
or any other person or persons. Only those matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered or acted upon at
a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation.</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3 <I>Advance Notice.</I> Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of directors and of other business to be brought
by stockholders before any meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the Bylaws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
7</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>LIMITATIONS
ON LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1 <I>Limited Liability.</I> The personal liability of each director of the Corporation to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary
damages for breach of his or her fiduciary duties as director, is hereby eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as it
now exists or may hereafter be amended and/or supplemented. If the DGCL is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article
7 to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director
of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as so amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 37pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2 <I>Right to Indemnification.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Corporation shall indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law, as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person made
or threatened to be made a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative, or investigative, by reason of
the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or serves or served at any other enterprise as a director
or officer at the request of the Corporation. Any amendment, repeal, or modification of this Section 7.2 shall not adversely affect
any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
The Corporation may, by action of the Board, provide rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses to such other employees or
agents of the Corporation or its subsidiaries ( and any other persons to which the DGCL permits the Corporation to provide indemnification)
through Bylaw provision, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification and
advancement otherwise permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
3 <I>Insurance.</I> The Corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director,
officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss incurred
by such person in any such capacity or arising out of such person&rsquo;s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power
to indemnify such person against such liability under the DGCL.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
4 <I>Nonexclusivity of Rights.</I> The rights and authority conferred in this Article 7 shall not be exclusive of any other right that
any person may otherwise have or hereafter acquire.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
5 <I>Preservation of Rights.</I> Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article 7, nor the adoption of any provision of this
Amended and Restated Certificate Incorporation or the Bylaws, nor, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, any modification of
law, shall adversely affect any right or protection of any person granted pursuant hereto existing at, or arising out of or related
to any event, act or omission that occurred prior to, the time of such amendment, repeal, adoption or modification (regardless
of when any proceeding ( or part thereof) relating to such event, act or omission arises or is first threatened, commenced or
completed).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE 8</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FORUM
SELECTION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware ( or, if
and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware lacks jurisdiction, any state court located within the State of Delaware or,
if and only if all such state courts lack jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) and any appellate court
therefrom shall be the sole and exclusive forum for the following claims or causes of action: (i) any derivative claim or cause of action
brought on behalf of the Corporation; (ii) any claim or cause of action for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former
director, officer, employee, agent, or stockholder of the Corporation, to the Corporation or the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders, including
without limitation a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty; (iii) any claim or cause of action against
the Corporation or any current or former director, officer, employee, agent, or stockholder of the Corporation arising out of or pursuant
to any provision of the DGCL, this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or the Bylaws (as each may be amended from time
to time); (iv) any claim or cause of action seeking to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of this Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time, including any right, obligation, or remedy thereunder);
(v) any claim or cause of action as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and (vi)
any action asserting a claim related to or involving the Corporation that is governed by the internal-affairs doctrine, in all cases
to the fullest extent permitted by law. This Article 8 shall not apply to claims or causes of action brought to enforce a duty or liability
created by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the <B>&ldquo;1933 Act&rdquo;), </B>or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. If any action the subject matter of which is within the
scope of this Article 8 is filed in a court other than the courts in the State of Delaware (a <B>&ldquo;Foreign Action&rdquo;) </B>in the
name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (x) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal
courts in the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the provisions of this Article 8 and
(y) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such action by service upon such stockholder&rsquo;s counsel in the Foreign
Action as agent for such stockholder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district
courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising
under the 1933 Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">To
the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares
of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Article 8.</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
any provision or provisions of this Article 8 shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any person or entity
or circumstance for any reason whatsoever, then, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the validity, legality and enforceability of
such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article 8 (including, without limitation, each portion
of any sentence of this Article 8 containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself held
to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) and the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not
in any way be affected or impaired thereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ARTICLE
9</B>&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>AMENDMENTS
OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
1 <I>Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation.</I> Notwithstanding any other provision of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders
of any particular class or series of the Corporation required by law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or
any certificate of designation filed with respect to a class or series of Preferred Stock that may be designated from time to time, the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of of all of the then-outstanding
shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class,
shall be required to alter, amend, or repeal, by merger, consolidation, or otherwise, Articles 5, 6, 7, 8 and this Article 9.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 36.65pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Section
2 <I>Amendment of Bylaws.</I> The Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend, or repeal the Bylaws. Any adoption, amendment,
or repeal of the Bylaws by the Board of Directors shall require the approval of a majority of the directors then in office. The stockholders
shall also have power to adopt, amend, or repeal the Bylaws; <I>provided, however,</I> that, in addition to any affirmative vote of the
holders of any particular class or series of the Corporation required by law or by this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
or any certificate of designation filed with respect to a series of Preferred Stock that may be designated from time to time, such action
by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the voting
power of all of the then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors,
voting together as a single class.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2220125d1_ex3-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0pt"><B>Exhibit 3.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>IVANHOE ELECTRIC INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; border-top: Black 1.5pt double; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt double"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><U>Table
of Contents</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Page</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;I OFFICES </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left; width: 7%">1.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left; width: 72%">Registered Office</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right; width: 10%">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">1.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Other Offices</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;II CORPORATE SEAL </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">2.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Corporate Seal</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;III STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; MEETINGS </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Place of Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Annual Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">1</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Special Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">4</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.4</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Notice of Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">5</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.5</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Quorum; Action at Meeting</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">5</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.6</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Adjournment and Notice of Adjourned Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.7</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Voting Rights</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.8</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Joint Owners of Stock</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.9</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">List of Stockholders</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.10</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Action Without Meeting</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">3.11</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Organization</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">6</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;IV DIRECTORS </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Number and Term of Office</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Powers</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Vacancies</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.4</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Resignation</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.5</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Removal</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">7</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.6</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Meetings</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">8</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.7</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Quorum and Voting</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">8</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.8</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Action Without Meeting</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">8</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.9</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Fees and Compensation</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">9</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.10</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Committees</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">10</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">4.11</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Organization</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">10</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;V OFFICERS </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">10</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">5.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Officers Designated</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">10</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">5.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Tenure and Duties of Officers</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">10</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">5.3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Delegation of Authority</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">11</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">5.4</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Resignations</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">11</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; color: #010000; text-align: left">5.5</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Removal</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">11</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;VI EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">12</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left; width: 7%">6.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left; width: 72%">Execution of Corporate Instruments</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right; width: 10%">12</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">6.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Voting of Securities Owned by the Corporation</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">12</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; color: #010000">ARTICLE&nbsp;VII SHARES OF STOCK </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">12</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">7.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Form&nbsp;and Execution of Certificates</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">12</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">7.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Lost Certificates</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">12</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">7.3</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Transfers</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">13</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">7.4</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Fixing Record Dates</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">13</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">7.5</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Registered Stockholders</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">13</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;VIII OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">14</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">8.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Execution of Other Securities</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">14</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;IX DIVIDENDS </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">14</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">9.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Declaration of Dividends</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">14</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">9.2</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Dividend Reserve</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">14</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;X FISCAL YEAR </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">14</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">10.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Fiscal Year</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">14</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;XI INDEMNIFICATION </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">15</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">11.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">15</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;XII NOTICES </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">17</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">12.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Notices</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">17</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;XIII AMENDMENTS </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">18</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; padding-left: 10pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">13.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000">Amendments</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">18</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">ARTICLE&nbsp;XIV LOANS TO OFFICERS OR EMPLOYEES </TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 5pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">18</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 10pt; color: #010000; text-align: left">14.1</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: left">Loans to Officers or Employees</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #010000; text-align: right">18</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>IVANHOE ELECTRIC INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;I</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
</FONT></B><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">OFFICES</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>1.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Registered
Office.</B> The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Wilmington, New Castle County,
Delaware. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>1.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Other
Offices.</B> The corporation may also have and maintain an office or principal place of business at such place as may be fixed by the
Board of Directors of the corporation (the &#8220;<U>Board of Directors</U>&#8221;), and may also have offices at such other places,
both within and without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation
may require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;II
</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
CORPORATE SEAL</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Corporate
Seal.</B> The Board of Directors may adopt a corporate seal. If adopted, the corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of
the corporation and the inscription, &#8220;Corporate Seal-Delaware.&#8221; Such corporate seal shall be in the charge of the Secretary
and may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;III</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
STOCKHOLDERS&#8217; MEETINGS</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Place
of Meetings.</B> Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware,
as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that
the meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as provided under the Delaware
General Corporation Law (&#8220;<U>DGCL</U>&#8221;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Annual
Meetings</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation, for the purpose of election of directors and for such other business as may properly
come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors or the proposal of other business to be transacted by the stockholders at an annual
meeting of stockholders may be made only (i)&nbsp;pursuant to the Corporation&#8217;s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto),
(ii)&nbsp;by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, (iii)&nbsp;as may be provided in the certificate
of designations for any class or series of preferred stock or (iv)&nbsp;by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of
record at the time of giving of notice provided for in paragraph (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;3.2 and at the time of the annual meeting,
who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the procedures set forth in Section&nbsp;3.2(b), and, except as otherwise
required by law, any failure to comply with these procedures shall result in the nullification of such nomination or proposal. For the
avoidance of doubt, clause (iv)&nbsp;above shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations and submit other business
(other than matters properly included in the corporation&#8217;s notice of meeting of stockholders and proxy statement under Rule&nbsp;14a-8
(or any successor rule) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder (the &#8220;<U>1934
Act</U>&#8221;)) before an annual meeting of stockholders, and such stockholder must comply with the notice and other procedures set
forth in Section&nbsp;3.2(b)&nbsp;of this Bylaw to bring such nominations or business properly before an annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>At
an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as is a proper matter for stockholder action under Delaware
law and as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual
meeting of stockholders by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iv)&nbsp;of paragraph (a)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;3.2, the stockholder
must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and any such proposed business (other than the nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder&#8217;s
notice shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation
not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&#8217;s annual meeting of stockholders;&nbsp;<I>provided,
however</I>, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than 30 days prior to such anniversary date or delayed
more than 70 days after such anniversary date then to be timely such notice must be received by the Corporation no earlier than 120 days
prior to such annual meeting and no later than the later of 70 days prior to the date of the meeting or the 10<SUP>th</SUP>&nbsp;day
following the day on which public announcement of the date of the meeting was first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the adjournment
or postponement of any meeting, or any announcement thereof, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of
a stockholder&#8217;s notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A stockholder&#8217;s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to
each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all
information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors, or is otherwise
required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act (including such person&#8217;s written consent to being named in
the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
reasonably detailed description of any compensatory, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement or understanding that such person
has with any other person or entity other than the Corporation including the amount of any payment or payments received or receivable
thereunder, in each case in connection with candidacy or service as a director of the Corporation (a &#8220;<U>Third-Party Compensation
Arrangement</U>&#8221;), as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the
business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed
for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws, the text of the proposed amendment),
the reasons for conducting such business and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if
any, on whose behalf the proposal is made and as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the proposal is made;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
name and address of such stockholder (as they appear on the Corporation&#8217;s books) and any such beneficial owner;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the
class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are held of record or are beneficially owned by such stockholder
and by any such beneficial owner;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding between or among such stockholder and any such beneficial owner, any of their
respective affiliates or associates, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such
nomination or other business;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(6)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including, regardless of the form of settlement, any derivative, long or
short positions, profit interests, forwards, futures, swaps, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar
rights, hedging transactions and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into by or on behalf of, or any other agreement, arrangement
or understanding that has been made, the effect or intent of which is to create or mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share
price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or any such beneficial owner or any such nominee with
respect to the Corporation&#8217;s securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(7)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and intends to
appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such nomination or other business before the meeting;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a
representation as to whether such stockholder or any such beneficial owner intends or is part of a group that intends to (i)&nbsp;deliver
a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting power of the Corporation&#8217;s outstanding
capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or to elect each such nominee and/or (ii)&nbsp;otherwise to solicit proxies from
stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(9)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any
other information relating to such stockholder, beneficial owner, if any, or director nominee or proposed business that would be required
to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies in support of
such nominee or proposal pursuant to Section&nbsp;14 of the 1934 Act; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(10)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;such
other information relating to any proposed item of business as the Corporation may reasonably require to determine whether such proposed
item of business is a proper matter for stockholder action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">If requested by the Corporation, the information
required under clauses (4), (5)&nbsp;and (6)&nbsp;of the preceding sentence of this Section&nbsp;3.2(b)&nbsp;shall be supplemented by
such stockholder and any such beneficial owner not later than 10 days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such information
as of the record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.2, in order to include information with respect to a stockholder proposal in the proxy
statement and form of proxy for a stockholders&#8217; meeting, a stockholder must also comply with all applicable requirements of the
1934 Act and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders
to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation&#8217;s proxy statement pursuant to Rule&nbsp;14a-8 under the 1934 Act; <I>provided,
however,</I> that any references in these Bylaws to the 1934 Act or the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder are not intended to and
shall not limit the requirements applicable to proposals and/or nominations to be considered pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.2(a)(iv)&nbsp;of
these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Except
as otherwise required by law, nothing in this Section&nbsp;3.2 shall obligate the corporation or the Board of Directors to include in
any proxy statement or other stockholder communication distributed on behalf of the corporation or the Board of Directors information
with respect to any nominee for director or any other matter of business submitted by a stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>For
purposes of Sections 3.2 and 3.3,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>&#8220;<U>public
announcement</U>&#8221; shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, or comparable
national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13,
14, or 15(d)&nbsp;of the 1934 Act; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>&#8220;<U>affiliates</U>&#8221;
and &#8220;<U>associates</U>&#8221; shall have the meanings set forth in Rule&nbsp;405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Special
Meetings</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Except
as otherwise required by statute and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, special meetings
of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for any purpose as is a proper matter for stockholder action under Delaware law,
by (i)&nbsp;the Chair of the Board of Directors, (ii)&nbsp;the Chief Executive Officer, or (iii)&nbsp;the Board of Directors pursuant
to a resolution adopted by a majority of the directors then in office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Board of Directors shall determine the time and place, if any, of such special meeting. Upon determination of the time and place, if
any, of the meeting, the Secretary shall cause a notice of meeting to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote, in accordance with
the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.4. No business may be transacted at such special meeting otherwise than specified in the notice of meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Only
such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the corporation&#8217;s
notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation and stockholder proposals of other
business shall not be brought before a special meeting of stockholders to be considered by the stockholders unless, with respect to nominations,
the Board of Directors has determined that any vacancy or newly created directorship be filled by the stockholders at such special meeting
or, with respect to nominations and other business, the Board of Directors has determined that such special meeting be held in lieu of
an annual meeting of stockholders in accordance with Section&nbsp;3.2 of these Bylaws, in which case such special meeting shall be deemed
an annual meeting for purposes of these Bylaws and the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.2 of these Bylaws shall govern such special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Notice
of Meetings.</B> Except as otherwise provided by law, notice, given in writing or by electronic transmission, of each meeting of
stockholders shall be given not less than ten (10)&nbsp;nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, such notice to specify the place, if any, date and hour, in the case of special
meetings, the purpose or purposes of the meeting, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy
holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at any such meeting. If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United
States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder&#8217;s address as it appears on the records of the
corporation. Without limiting the manner by which notice may otherwise be given to stockholders, any notice to stockholders may be
given by electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;232 of the DGCL. Notice of the time, place, if any, and
purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, signed by the person entitled to notice thereof, or by electronic
transmission by such person, either before or after such meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by his or her attendance
thereat in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or by proxy, except when the stockholder attends a meeting for the
express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not
lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting
in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given. The Board of Directors may postpone and reschedule any previously scheduled
annual meeting or special meeting of stockholders and any record date with respect thereto, regardless of whether any notice or
public disclosure with respect to any such meeting has been sent or made pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.2 of these Bylaws or otherwise.
In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, postponement or rescheduling of any previously scheduled meeting of
stockholders commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder&#8217;s notice under Section&nbsp;3.2 of these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Quorum;
Action at Meeting.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>At
all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise provided by law or by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
corporation (as the same may hereafter be amended and/or restated, the &#8220;<U>Certificate of Incorporation</U>&#8221;), or by these
Bylaws, the presence, in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a majority of
the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum,
any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the presiding officer of the meeting or by vote of the holders
of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The stockholders present
at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding
the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Where a separate vote by a class or classes or series is required,
except where otherwise provided by the statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the outstanding
shares of such class or classes or series, present in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or represented by proxy duly authorized,
shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>A
nominee in an uncontested election shall be elected to the Board of Directors if the votes cast for such nominee&#8217;s election exceed
the votes cast against such nominee&#8217;s election. For purposes of these By-laws, an &#8220;uncontested election&#8221; means elections
where the number of nominees for election is equal to the number of directors to be elected as set out in the proxy statement for the
particular meeting. In all director elections other than uncontested elections, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes
cast, and stockholders shall not be permitted to vote against any nominee for director. If the holders of preferred stock of the Company
are entitled to elect one or more directors in accordance with a certificate adopted pursuant to Section&nbsp;3 of Article&nbsp;4 of
the Certificate of Incorporation, such directors shall be elected in accordance with this Section&nbsp;unless a different vote for election
is specified in such certificate. If a nominee in an uncontested election is not elected by a majority vote, then the Director shall
offer to resign from his or her position as a Director. Unless the Board decides to reject the offer or to postpone the effective date
of the offer, the resignation shall become effective 60 days after the date of the election. In making a determination whether to reject
the offer or postpone the effective date, the Board of Directors shall consider all factors it deems relevant to the best interests of
the Company. If the Board rejects the resignation or postpones its effective date, it shall issue a public statement that discloses the
reason for its decision.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Adjournment
and Notice of Adjourned Meetings.</B> Any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time either
by the presiding officer of the meeting or by the vote of a majority of the shares present in person, by remote communication, if applicable,
or represented by proxy at the meeting. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, if any, notice need not be given of the
adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; provided that
if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting,
a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. At the adjourned meeting,
the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Voting
Rights.</B> For the purpose of determining those stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, except as otherwise
provided by law, only persons in whose names shares stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record date, as provided in
Section&nbsp;3.9 of these Bylaws, shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders. Every person entitled to vote shall have
the right to do so either in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or by an agent or agents authorized by a proxy granted in
accordance with Delaware law. An agent so appointed need not be a stockholder. No proxy shall be voted after three (3)&nbsp;years from
its date of creation unless the proxy provides for a longer period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Joint
Owners of Stock.</B> If shares or other securities having voting power stand of record in the names of two (2)&nbsp;or more persons,
whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety, or otherwise, or if two (2)&nbsp;or
more persons have the same fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary is given written notice to the contrary
and is furnished with a copy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided, to the
fullest extent permitted by law, their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect: (a)&nbsp;if only one (1)&nbsp;votes,
his or her act binds all; (b)&nbsp;if more than one (1)&nbsp;votes, the act of the majority so voting binds all; (c)&nbsp;if more than
one (1)&nbsp;votes, but the vote is evenly split on any particular matter, each faction may vote the securities in question proportionally,
or may apply to the Delaware Court of Chancery for relief as provided in the DGCL, Section&nbsp;217(b). If the instrument filed with
the Secretary shows that any such tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority or even-split for the purpose of subsection (c)&nbsp;shall
be a majority or even-split in interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>List
of Stockholders.</B> The Secretary (or the corporation&#8217;s transfer agent or other person authorized by these Bylaws or by law)
shall prepare and make, at least ten (10)&nbsp;days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders
entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares
registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane
to the meeting, (a)&nbsp;on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to
such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (b)&nbsp;during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business
of the corporation. In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the
corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation. The list
shall be open to examination of any stockholder who is present at the meeting during the whole time of the meeting as provided by
law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Action
Without Meeting.</B> Subject to the rights, if any, of holders of Preferred Stock to take action by written consent, no action shall
be taken by the stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called in accordance with these Bylaws, and no action
shall be taken by the stockholders by written consent or by electronic transmission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>3.11&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Organization</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Board of Directors shall designate a representative to preside over all annual meetings or special meetings of stockholders, provided
that if the Board of Directors does not so designate such a presiding officer, then the Chair of the Board of Directors, if one is elected,
shall preside over such meetings. If the Board of Directors does not so designate such a presiding officer and there is no Chair or the
Chair is absent, the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation, or, if the Chief Executive Officer is absent, then the President (if
the Chief Executive Officer and President positions are held by different persons) of the corporation, shall preside over such meetings.
The Secretary, or, in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
Board of Directors of the corporation shall be entitled to make such rules&nbsp;or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders
as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Board of Directors, if any,
the presiding officer of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do
all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding officer, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting,
including, without limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting, rules&nbsp;and procedures for maintaining
order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation
and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the presiding officer shall permit, restrictions on entry
to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants
and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;IV</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
DIRECTORS</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Number
and Term of Office.</B> The number of directors that shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be fixed exclusively by one or more
resolutions adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors. The directors shall hold office in the manner provided in the Certificate
of Incorporation. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Powers.
</B>The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, except as may be
otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Vacancies.
</B>Vacancies in the Board of Directors shall be filled in the manner provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Resignation.
</B>Any director may resign at any time by delivering his or her notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Chair of the
Board of Directors, if one is elected, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or Secretary, such resignation to specify whether
it will be effective at a particular time. If no such specification is made, it shall be deemed effective at the time of delivery. When
one or more directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office,
including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation
or resignations shall become effective, and each Director so chosen shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the Director
whose place shall be vacated and until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Meetings</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Regular
Meetings.</B> Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time or date and at any place within or without the State
of Delaware which has been designated by the Board of Directors and publicized among all directors, either orally or in writing, by telephone,
including a voice-messaging system or other system designed to record and communicate messages, facsimile, telegraph or telex, or by
electronic mail or other electronic means. No further notice shall be required for regular meetings of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Special
Meetings.</B> Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place within or without the State of Delaware whenever
called by the Chair of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or a majority of the directors. The person calling any such
special meeting of the Board of Directors may fix the time and place thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Meetings
by Electronic Communications Equipment.</B> Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting
by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other, and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Notice
of Special Meetings.</B> Notice of the time and place of all special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be orally or in
writing, by telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to record and communicate messages,
facsimile, telegraph or telex, or by electronic mail or other electronic means, during normal business hours, at least twenty-four
(24) hours before the date and time of the meeting. If notice is sent by United States mail, it shall be sent by first class mail,
charges prepaid, at least three (3)&nbsp;days before the date of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing, or by
electronic transmission, at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat, except
when the director attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of
any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Except as otherwise required by law, the Certificate of
Incorporation or by these Bylaws, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of
Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Waiver
of Notice.</B> The transaction of all business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or
noticed, or wherever held, shall be as valid as though it had been transacted at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if
a quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present who did not receive notice shall sign
a written waiver of notice or shall waive notice by electronic transmission. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate records
or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Quorum
and Voting</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>A
majority of the total number of directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; provided that such
number shall not be less than one third of the total authorized directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any meeting of the Board
of Directors, whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time
fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>At
each meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, all questions and business shall be determined by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Action
Without Meeting.</B> Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the
Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or writings
or transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall
be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic
form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Fees
and Compensation.</B> Directors shall be entitled to such compensation for their services as may be approved by the Board of Directors,
including, if so approved, by resolution of the Board of Directors, a fixed sum and expenses of attendance, if any, for attendance at
each regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors and at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors. Nothing herein
contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent, employee,
or otherwise and receiving compensation therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Committees</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Executive
Committee.</B> The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee to consist of one (1)&nbsp;or more members of the Board of Directors.
The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors shall have and may exercise
all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize
the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority
in reference to (i)&nbsp;approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or
removal of directors) expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii)&nbsp;adopting, amending or
repealing any Bylaw of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Other
Committees.</B> The Board of Directors may, from time to time, appoint such other committees as may be permitted by law. Such other committees
appointed by the Board of Directors shall consist of one (1)&nbsp;or more members of the Board of Directors and shall have such powers
and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the resolution or resolutions creating such committees, but in no event shall any such
committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Term.
</B>The Board of Directors, subject to any requirements of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock and the provisions of subsections
(a)&nbsp;or (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.10, may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of a committee or terminate
the existence of a committee. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on the date of his or her death or voluntary resignation
from the committee or from the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee
member and the Board of Directors may fill any committee vacancy created by death, resignation, removal or increase in the number of
members of the committee. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace
any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member
of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute
a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified
member.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Meetings. </B>Unless
the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed
pursuant to this Section&nbsp;4.10 shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of Directors, or by any
such committee, and when notice thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of such regular meetings
need be given thereafter. Special meetings of any such committee may be held at any place which has been determined from time to
time by such committee, and may be called by any Director who is a member of such committee, upon notice to the members of such
committee of the time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided for the giving of notice to members of the
Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any
committee may be waived in writing or by electronic transmission at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any
director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends such special meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the
beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Unless
otherwise provided by the Board of Directors in the resolutions authorizing the creation of the committee, a majority of the members
then serving on any such committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of those
present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>4.10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Organization.
</B>At every meeting of the directors, the Chair of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chair has not been appointed or is absent, the Chief
Executive Officer (if a director), or, if a Chief Executive Officer is absent, the President (if a director, and if the Chief Executive
Officer and President positions are held by different persons), or if the President is absent, a chair of the meeting chosen by a majority
of the directors present, shall preside over the meeting. The Secretary, or in his or her absence, any Assistant Secretary or other officer
or director or other person directed to do so by the Chair of the Board of Directors or the President, shall act as secretary of the
meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;V</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
OFFICERS</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Officers
Designated.</B> The officers of the corporation shall include, if and when designated by the Board of Directors, the Chair of the Board
of Directors (provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Bylaws, the Chair of the Board of Directors shall
not be deemed an officer of the corporation unless so designated by the Board of Directors), the Chief Executive Officer, the President,
the Secretary and the Chief Financial Officer. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more Assistant Secretaries and such other
officers and agents with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles
to one or more of the officers as it shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of offices of the corporation at any
one time unless specifically prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers of the corporation shall
be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Tenure
and Duties of Officers</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>General.
</B>All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected
and qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board
of Directors. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Duties
of Chief Executive Officer.</B> The Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders (subject to Section&nbsp;3.11)
and at all meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the Chair of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is present or unless
such duties are designated by the Chair to any other office. Unless an officer has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of the corporation,
the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have
general supervision, direction, and control of the business of the corporation. To the extent that a Chief Executive Officer has been
appointed and no President has been appointed, all references in these Bylaws to the President shall be deemed references to the Chief
Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall perform other duties commonly incident to the office and shall also perform such
other duties and have such other obligations, duties, and powers, as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Duties
of President.</B> The President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders (subject to Section&nbsp;3.11) and at all meeting of
the Board of Directors, unless the Chair of the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer has been appointed and is present.
Unless another officer has been appointed Chief Executive Officer of the corporation, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer
of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction, and control of the
business and officers of the corporation. The President shall perform other duties commonly incident to the office and shall also perform
such other duties and have such other powers, as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Duties
of Other Officers.</B> The Board of Directors may appoint, or empower the Chief Executive Officer or, in the absence of a Chief Executive
Officer, the President, to appoint, such other officers as the business of the corporation may require. Each of such officers shall hold
office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may
from time to time determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Duties
of Secretary.</B> The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors and shall record all acts
and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation. The Secretary shall give notice in conformity with these Bylaws of all
meetings of the stockholders and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof requiring notice. The Secretary
shall perform all other duties provided for in these Bylaws and other duties commonly incident to the office and shall also perform such
other duties and have such other powers, as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to time. The President may direct any Assistant
Secretary or other officer to assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability of the Secretary, and each
Assistant Secretary shall perform other duties commonly incident to the office and shall also perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Duties
of Chief Financial Officer.</B> The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the corporation in
a thorough and proper manner and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the corporation in such form and as often as required
by the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors,
shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform other duties commonly
incident to the office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive
Officer shall designate from time to time. The President may direct the Controller or any Assistant Controller to assume and perform
the duties of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief Financial Officer, and each Controller and Assistant
Controller shall perform other duties commonly incident to the office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers
as the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Delegation
of Authority.</B> The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or agent,
notwithstanding any provision hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>5.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Resignations.
</B>Any officer may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board of Directors or to the
President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is
given, unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later time. Unless otherwise
specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation shall be
without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract with the resigning officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>5.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Removal.
</B>Any officer may be removed from office at any time, either with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors
in office at the time, or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at the time, or by any committee or by the Chief
Executive Officer or by other superior officers upon whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;VI</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Execution
of Corporate Instruments.</B> The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer
or officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the corporation any corporate instrument or document, or to sign on
behalf of the corporation the corporate name without limitation, or to enter into contracts on behalf of the corporation, except where
otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other
depositaries on funds to the credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be signed by such person or persons
as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of
Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation
by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Voting
of Securities Owned by the Corporation.</B> All stock and other securities of other entities owned or held by the corporation for itself,
or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized
so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such authorization, by the Chair of the Board of Directors, the
Chief Executive Officer, the President, or any other officer or other person so authorized by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;VII</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
SHARES OF STOCK</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>7.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Form&nbsp;and
Execution of Certificates.</B> The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates or shall be uncertificated. Certificates
for the shares of stock, if any, of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and
applicable law. Every holder of stock represented by certificate in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by
or in the name of the corporation by any two authorized officers of the corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him or
her in the corporation. The corporate seal and any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimiles. In case any officer,
transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such
officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as if her or she were
such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue. <B>Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided in these Bylaws,
the Board of Directors of the corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of
its stock shall be uncertificated shares (except that the foregoing shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such
certificate is surrendered to the corporation), and by the approval and adoption of these Bylaws the Board of Directors has determined
that all classes or series of the corporation&#8217;s stock may be uncertificated, whether upon original issuance, re-issuance, or subsequent
transfer.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>7.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Lost
Certificates.</B> A new certificate or certificates shall be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by
the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming
the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. The corporation may require, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a
new certificate or certificates, the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or the owner&#8217;s legal
representative, to agree to indemnify the corporation in such manner as it shall require or to give the corporation a surety bond in
such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate
alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>7.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Transfers</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>Transfers
of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly
authorized, and, in the case of stock represented by certificate, upon the surrender of a properly endorsed certificate or certificates
for a like number of shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock
of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders
in any manner not prohibited by the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>7.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Fixing
Record Dates</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>In
order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment
thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing
the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, subject to applicable law, not be more than sixty
(60) nor less than ten (10)&nbsp;days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall
also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines,
at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such
determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is
given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A
determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment
of the meeting; <I>provided, however,</I> that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>In
order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the
purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which record date shall not precede the
date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior
to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of
business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>7.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Registered
Stockholders.</B> The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest
in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise
provided by the laws of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;VIII</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>8.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Execution
of Other Securities.</B> All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation, other than stock certificates (covered
in Section&nbsp;7.1), may be signed by the Chair of the Board of Directors, the President, or such other person as may be authorized
by the Board of Directors, and the corporate seal impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by the
signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Chief Financial Officer; <I>provided, however,</I> that where any such bond,
debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature, or where permissible facsimile signature, of a
trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the signatures of the
persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of
the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security, authenticated
by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Chief Financial Officer or Controller of the corporation or such other person as may
be authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer who shall
have signed or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon or on any
such interest coupon, shall have ceased to be such officer before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested
shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued
and delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be
such officer of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;IX</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
DIVIDENDS</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>9.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Declaration
of Dividends.</B> Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation
and applicable law, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors pursuant to law at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may
be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable
law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>9.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Dividend
Reserve.</B> Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such
sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet
contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose
as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interests of the corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish
any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;X</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
FISCAL YEAR</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>10.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Fiscal
Year.</B> The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;XI</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
INDEMNIFICATION</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>11.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Indemnification
of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Directors
and Officers.</B> The corporation shall indemnify its directors and officers to the extent not prohibited by the DGCL or any other applicable
law; <I>provided, however,</I> that the corporation may modify the extent of such indemnification by individual contracts with its directors
and officers; and, <I>provided, further,</I> that the corporation shall not be required to indemnify any director or officer in connection
with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless (i)&nbsp;such indemnification is expressly required to be made
by law, (ii)&nbsp;the proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation, (iii)&nbsp;such indemnification is provided
by the corporation, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under the DGCL or any other applicable law
or (iv)&nbsp;such indemnification is required to be made under subsection (d).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Employees
and Other Agents.</B> The corporation shall have power to indemnify its employees and other agents as set forth in the DGCL or any other
applicable law. The Board of Directors shall have the power to delegate the determination of whether indemnification shall be given to
any such person to such officers or other persons as the Board of Directors shall determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Expenses.
</B>The corporation shall advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending
or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or
was a director or officer, of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final disposition of the proceeding, promptly following
request therefor, all expenses incurred by any director or officer in connection with such proceeding; <I>provided, however</I>, an advancement
of expenses incurred by a director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which
service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only
upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an &#8220;<U>undertaking</U>&#8221;), by or on behalf of such indemnitee,
to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right
to appeal (hereinafter a &#8220;<U>final adjudication</U>&#8221;) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses
under this section or otherwise. The corporation may, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, advance to any of its other officers,
employees and other agents on such basis as the Board of Directors may authorize.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Right
of Indemnitee to Bring Suit.</B> Without the necessity of entering into an express contract, all rights to indemnification and advances
to directors and officers under this Bylaw shall be deemed to be contractual rights and be effective to the same extent and as if provided
for in a contract between the corporation and the director or officer. Any right to indemnification or advances granted by this section
to a director or officer shall be enforceable by or on behalf of the person holding such right in any court of competent jurisdiction
if (i)&nbsp;the claim for indemnification or advances is denied, in whole or in part, or (ii)&nbsp;no disposition of such claim is made
within ninety (90) days of request therefor. To the extent permitted by law, the claimant in such enforcement action, if successful in
whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting the claim. In connection with any claim for indemnification,
the corporation shall be entitled to raise as a defense to any such action that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct that
make it permissible under the DGCL or any other applicable law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed.
Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made
a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because
he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL or any other applicable law, nor an actual determination by the corporation
(including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard
of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. The
burden of proving that a director or officer is not entitled to an advancement of expenses shall be on the corporation. In any suit brought
by the corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the corporation shall be entitled to
recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that the director or officer or any other officer, employee or other agent has not met
any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Non-Exclusivity
of Rights.</B> The rights conferred on any person by this Bylaw shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have
or hereafter acquire under any applicable statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders
or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding office. The corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its directors, officers,
employees or agents respecting indemnification and advances, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL, or by any other applicable
law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Survival
of Rights.</B> The rights conferred on any person by this Bylaw shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer
and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Insurance.
</B>To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL or any other applicable law, the corporation, upon approval by the Board of Directors,
may purchase insurance on behalf of any person required or permitted to be indemnified pursuant to this section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Amendments.
</B>Any repeal or modification of this section, or the adoption of any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with
this section, shall only be prospective and shall not affect the rights under this Bylaw in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence
of any action or omission to act that is the cause of any proceeding against any agent of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Other
Indemnification.</B> The corporation&#8217;s obligation, if any, to indemnify or provide advancement of expenses to any person under
this section as a result of such person serving, at the request of the corporation, as a director, partner, trustee, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall be reduced by any
amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or enterprise (the &#8220;<U>Primary Indemnitor</U>&#8221;). Any indemnification or advancement of expenses
under this section owed by the corporation as a result of a person serving, at the request of the corporation, as a director, partner,
trustee, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise
shall only be in excess of, and shall be secondary to, the indemnification or advancement of expenses available from the applicable Primary
Indemnitor(s)&nbsp;and any applicable insurance policies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Saving
Clause.</B> If this Bylaw or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation
shall nevertheless indemnify each director and officer to the full extent not prohibited by any applicable portion of this section that
shall not have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law. If this section shall be invalid due to the application of the indemnification
provisions of another jurisdiction, then the corporation shall indemnify each director and officer to the full extent under any other
applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Certain
Definitions.</B> For the purposes of this Bylaw, the following definitions shall apply:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
term &#8220;<U>proceeding</U>&#8221; shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, the investigation, preparation,
prosecution, defense, settlement, arbitration and appeal of, and the giving of testimony in, any threatened, pending or completed action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
term &#8220;<U>expenses</U>&#8221; shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, court costs, attorneys&#8217; fees,
witness fees, fines, amounts paid in settlement or judgment and any other costs and expenses of any nature or kind incurred in connection
with any proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>The
term the &#8220;<U>corporation</U>&#8221; shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including
any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had
power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer,
employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position
under the provisions of this section with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent
corporation if its separate existence had continued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>References
to a &#8220;<U>director</U>,&#8221; &#8220;<U>executive officer</U>,&#8221; &#8220;<U>office</U>r,&#8221; &#8220;<U>employee</U>,&#8221;
or &#8220;<U>agent</U>&#8221; of the corporation shall include, without limitation, situations where such person is serving at the request
of the corporation as, respectively, a director, executive officer, officer, employee, trustee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(v)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>References
to &#8220;<U>other enterprises</U>&#8221; shall include employee benefit plans; references to &#8220;<U>fines</U>&#8221; shall include
any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to &#8220;<U>serving at the request of
the corporation</U>&#8221; shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties
on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or
beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants
and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner &#8220;not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation&#8221; as referred to in this section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;XII</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
NOTICES</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>12.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Notices</B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Notice
to Stockholders.</B> Written notice to stockholders of stockholder meetings shall be given as provided in Section&nbsp;3.4 herein. Without
limiting the manner by which notice may otherwise be given effectively to stockholders under any agreement or contract with such stockholder,
and except as otherwise required by law, written notice to stockholders for purposes other than stockholder meetings may be sent by United
States mail or nationally recognized overnight courier, or by facsimile, telegraph or telex or by electronic mail or other electronic
means. Without limiting the manner by which notice may otherwise be given to stockholders, any notice to stockholders may be given by
electronic transmission in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;232 of the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Notice
to Directors.</B> Any notice required to be given to any director may be given by the method stated in subsection (a), as otherwise provided
in these Bylaws, or by overnight delivery service, facsimile, telex or telegram, except that such notice other than one which is delivered
personally shall be sent to such address as such director shall have filed in writing with the Secretary, or, in the absence of such
filing, to the last known post office address of such director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Affidavit
of Mailing. </B>An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent
appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, or other agent, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of
the stockholder or stockholders, or director or directors, to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method
of giving the same, shall in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Methods
of Notice. </B>It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving notice be employed in respect of all recipients of notice, but
one permissible method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible method or methods may be employed in
respect of any other or others.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Notice
to Person With Whom Communication is Unlawful.</B> Whenever notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or of the Certificate
of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person
shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such
notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is
unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation
is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and
if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is
unlawful.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><B>Notice
to Stockholders Sharing an Address. </B>Except as otherwise prohibited under DGCL, any notice given under the provisions of DGCL, the
Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address
if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. Such consent shall have been deemed to have been given
if such stockholder fails to object in writing to the corporation within sixty (60) days of having been given notice by the corporation
of its intention to send the single notice. Any consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;XIII</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
AMENDMENTS</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>13.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Amendments. </B>Subject
to the limitations set forth in Section&nbsp;11.1(h)&nbsp;of these Bylaws or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the
Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the corporation. Any adoption, amendment or repeal
of the Bylaws of the corporation by the Board of Directors shall require the approval of a majority of the directors then in office.
The stockholders also shall have power to adopt, amend or repeal the Bylaws of the corporation; <I>provided, however,</I> that, in
addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the corporation required by law or by the Certificate of
Incorporation, such action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds
percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote
generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; color: #010000"><B>ARTICLE&nbsp;XIV</B></FONT><B><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><BR>
LOANS TO OFFICERS OR EMPLOYEES</FONT></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000"><B>14.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></FONT><B>Loans
to Officers or Employees.</B> Except as otherwise prohibited by applicable law, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the corporation
may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiaries,
including any officer or employee who is a Director of the corporation or its subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment of the Board of
Directors, such loan, guarantee or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guarantee or other assistance
may be with or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve, including, without
limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers
of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Adopted by the Board of Directors on June&nbsp;22,
2022 and approved by the stockholders on June&nbsp;22, 2022, subject to and effective upon the consummation of the corporation&#8217;s
initial public offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



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<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<FILENAME>tm2220125d1_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>Ivanhoe
Electric</B></FONT><B> Announces Pricing of Initial Public Offering</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">NEW YORK, New York, June&nbsp;27, 2022 --
Ivanhoe Electric Inc. (&#8220;Ivanhoe Electric&#8221;), a U.S.-based minerals exploration and development company, announced today the
pricing of its initial public offering of 14,388,000 shares of its common stock at a price of US$11.75 per share. The gross proceeds from
the offering are expected to be approximately US$169.1 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated
offering expenses payable by Ivanhoe Electric. In addition,&nbsp;Ivanhoe Electric has granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase
up to an additional 2,158,200 shares of common stock at the initial public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">The shares are expected to begin trading
on the NYSE American and the Toronto Stock Exchange on June&nbsp;28, 2022 under the ticker symbol &#8220;IE&#8221;. The offering is expected
to close on June&nbsp;30, 2022, subject to customary closing conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">Ivanhoe Electric intends to use the net
proceeds of the offering to fund certain payments to acquire or maintain its mineral and property rights to its material and key mineral
properties, to further its metals exploration activities at all of its mineral properties, to construct and deploy additional sets of
its Typhoon&#8482; electrical pulse-powered geophysical surveying transmitter technology, as well as working capital and general and administrative
costs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">BMO Capital Markets and Jefferies are acting
as the lead bookrunners for the offering. J.P. Morgan is acting as a joint bookrunner for the offering. Raymond James, RBC Capital Markets
and Scotiabank are acting as co-managers for the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">The offering is being made only by means
of a prospectus. Copies of the prospectus relating to the offering may be obtained from BMO Capital Markets Corp., Attn: Equity Syndicate
Department, 151 W 42nd Street, 32nd Floor, New York, NY 10036, telephone: (800) 414-3627, email: <U>bmoprospectus@bmo.com</U>; or Jefferies
LLC, Attn: Equity Syndicate Prospectus Department, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, by telephone: 1-877-821-7388 or by email: <U>Prospectus_Department@Jefferies.com.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">A registration statement relating to these
securities has been filed with, and declared effective by, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Ivanhoe Electric has also obtained
a receipt for a final base PREP prospectus filed with the securities commissions or similar securities regulatory authorities in each
of the provinces of Canada (except Qu&eacute;bec) on the date hereof. A copy of the supplemented PREP prospectus containing pricing information
and other important information relating to the shares of common stock may, when available, be obtained from the underwriters at the addresses
set out above and will be available on the SEDAR website at&nbsp;www.sedar.com&nbsp;and the EDGAR website at <U>www.sec.gov/edgar</U>
under Ivanhoe Electric&#8217;s profile.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">This press release shall not constitute
an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state
or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities
laws of any such state or jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE"><B>About Ivanhoe Electric</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">Ivanhoe Electric Inc. is a United States
domiciled technology and metals company that is re-inventing mining for the electrification of everything. Ivanhoe Electric represents
the confluence of advanced exploration technologies (Typhoon&#8482; and Computational Geosciences Inc.), electric metals projects focused
in the United States and renewable energy storage solutions (VRB Energy Inc. &#8211; vanadium flow batteries). Ivanhoe Electric is uniquely
positioned to support American supply chain independence by delivering the critical metals necessary for electrification of the economy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">This press release contains statements
that constitute &#8220;forward looking information&#8221; and &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221; within the meaning of U.S.
and Canadian securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release, including
statements regarding the expected closing date of the offering and the use of proceeds from the offering are forward-looking
statements. Forward-looking statements are based on management&#8217;s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently
available to management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those
expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including changes in the prices of copper or other
metals Ivanhoe Electric is exploring for, the results of exploration activities, significant risk and hazards associated with mining
operations, extensive regulation by the U.S. government as well as local governments; the impact of political, economic and other
uncertainties associated with operating in foreign countries, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economy. These
factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements described in
Ivanhoe Electric&#8217;s registration statement on Form&nbsp;S-1, as amended, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
and base PREP prospectus filed with Canadian securities commissions. Ivanhoe Electric expressly disclaims any obligation or
undertaking to update the forward-looking statements contained in this press release to reflect any change in its expectations or
any change in events, conditions, or circumstances on which such statements are based unless required to do so by applicable law. No
assurance can be given that such future results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press
release. We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE"><B>Media Contact</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">Evan Young</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">Vice President, Corporate Development</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">Evan.Y@ivanhoeelectric.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: #FEFEFE">604-598-8765</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0pt"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2220125d1_ex99-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit
99.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: left">&nbsp;<IMG SRC="tm2220125d1_ex99-2img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">June&nbsp;30, 2022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Ivanhoe Electric Announces Closing of Initial
Public Offering</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>NEW YORK, New York &ndash; </B>Ivanhoe Electric Inc. (&ldquo;Ivanhoe
Electric&rdquo;), a U.S.-based minerals exploration and development company, announced today the closing of its initial public offering
of 14,388,000 shares of its common stock at a price of US$11.75 per share. The gross proceeds from the offering were approximately US$169.1
million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by Ivanhoe Electric. In addition,&nbsp;Ivanhoe
Electric has granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,158,200 shares of common stock at the initial
public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The shares commenced trading on the NYSE American and the Toronto Stock
Exchange on June&nbsp;28, 2022 under the ticker symbol &ldquo;IE&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ivanhoe Electric intends to use the net proceeds of the offering to
fund certain payments to acquire or maintain its mineral and property rights to its material and key mineral properties, to further its
metals exploration activities at all of its mineral properties, to construct and deploy additional sets of its Typhoon&trade; electrical
pulse-powered geophysical surveying transmitter technology, as well as working capital and general and administrative costs.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">BMO Capital Markets and Jefferies acted as the lead bookrunners for
the offering. J.P. Morgan acted as a joint bookrunner for the offering. Raymond James, RBC Capital Markets and Scotiabank acted as co-managers
for the offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The offering was made only by means of a prospectus. Copies of the
prospectus relating to the offering may be obtained from BMO Capital Markets Corp., Attn: Equity Syndicate Department, 151 W 42nd Street,
32nd Floor, New York, NY 10036, telephone: (800) 414-3627, email: bmoprospectus@bmo.com; or Jefferies LLC, Attn: Equity Syndicate Prospectus
Department, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, by telephone: 1-877-821-7388 or by email: Prospectus_Department@Jefferies.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed
with, and declared effective by, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Ivanhoe Electric has also obtained a receipt for a final
base PREP prospectus filed with the securities commissions or similar securities regulatory authorities in each of the provinces of Canada
(except Qu&eacute;bec). A copy of the U.S. prospectus and supplemented PREP prospectus containing pricing information and other important
information relating to the shares of common stock may be obtained from the underwriters at the addresses set out above and are available
on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com and the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov/edgar, as applicable, under Ivanhoe Electric&rsquo;s profile.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation
of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer,
solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>About Ivanhoe Electric</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ivanhoe Electric is an American technology and mineral exploration
company that is re-inventing mining for the electrification of everything by combining advanced mineral exploration technologies, renewable
energy storage solutions and electric metals projects predominantly located in the United States. Ivanhoe Electric uses its Typhoon&trade;
transmitter, an accurate and powerful geophysical survey system, together with advanced data analytics provided by its subsidiary, Computational
Geosciences, to accelerate and de-risk the mineral exploration process as well as to potentially discover deposits of critical metals
that may otherwise be undetectable by traditional exploration technologies. Through its controlling interest in VRB Energy,&nbsp;Ivanhoe
Electric also develops and manufactures advanced grid-scale vanadium redox battery storage systems. Finally, through advancing its portfolio
of electric metals projects located primarily in the United States, headlined by the Santa Cruz Copper Project in Arizona and the Tintic
Copper-Gold Project in Utah, as well as projects in Montana, Oregon and North Carolina,&nbsp;Ivanhoe Electric is also well positioned
to support American supply chain independence by delivering the critical metals necessary for electrification of the economy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Media Contact</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Evan Young</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Vice President, Corporate Development</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">info@ivanhoeelectric.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">+1-604-689-8765</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This press release contains statements that constitute &ldquo;forward
looking information&rdquo; and &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo; within the meaning of U.S. and Canadian securities laws. All statements
other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release, including statements regarding the use of proceeds from the
offering are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on management&rsquo;s beliefs and assumptions and on information
currently available to management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from
those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including changes in the prices of copper or other
metals Ivanhoe Electric is exploring for, the results of exploration activities, significant risk and hazards associated with mining operations,
extensive regulation by the U.S. government as well as local governments; the impact of political, economic and other uncertainties associated
with operating in foreign countries, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the global economy. These factors should not be construed
as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements described in Ivanhoe Electric&rsquo;s registration
statement on Form&nbsp;S-1, as amended, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and base PREP prospectus filed with Canadian
securities commissions. Ivanhoe Electric expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to update the forward-looking statements contained
in this press release to reflect any change in its expectations or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances on which such statements
are based unless required to do so by applicable law. No assurance can be given that such future results will be achieved. Forward-looking
statements speak only as of the date of this press release. We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>ie-20220627.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.13b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: +aA5w7xRiXgen8uLa3ZcWaKN6bOdzZR+WYkxtmBwbTnKHyglccMBfSrpsQjm4d0H -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2021-01-31" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2021-01-31" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2021-01-31" xmlns:ie="http://ivanhoeelectric.com/20220627" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://ivanhoeelectric.com/20220627">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://ivanhoeelectric.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
	  <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ie-20220627_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ie-20220627_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2021-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-gaap-2021-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2021-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2021/elts/us-types-2021-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2021" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2021/country-2021.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2021-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2021/elts/srt-2021-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2021-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2021/elts/srt-types-2021-01-31.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>ie-20220627_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.13b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
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    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
    <link:labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>ie-20220627_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.22.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140061776326368">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 27, 2022</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 27,  2022<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-41436<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IVANHOE
ELECTRIC&#160;INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001879016<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">32-0633823<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">606
    &#8211; 999 Canada Place<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Vancouver<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">BC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">V6C
    3E1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">689-8765<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, par value $0.0001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod', window );">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if an emerging growth company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 7A<br> -Section B<br> -Subsection 2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
