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Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Accounting Policies | 1. Accounting Policies Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Albany International Corp. and its subsidiaries (the Company, Albany, we, us, or our) after elimination of intercompany transactions. We have a 50 percent interest in an entity in Russia. The consolidated financial statements include our original investment in the entity, plus our share of undistributed earnings or losses, in the account “Other Assets.” The Company owns 90 percent of the common equity of Albany Safran Composites, LLC (ASC) which is reported within the Albany Engineered Composites (AEC) segment. Additional information regarding that entity is included in Note 10. Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other things, revenue recognition, contract profitability, allowances for doubtful accounts, rebates and sales allowances, inventory allowances, pension benefits, goodwill and intangible assets, contingencies, income tax related balances, and other accruals. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of any revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, using the modified retrospective (or cumulative effect) method for transition. Under this transition method, periods prior to 2018 have not been restated and the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard was recorded as an adjustment to Retained earnings at January 1, 2018. The standard replaces numerous requirements in U.S. GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provides companies with a single model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. We applied the new accounting standard to contracts which were not completed by December 31, 2017. In our Machine Clothing (MC) business segment, prior to 2018, we recorded revenue from the sale of a product when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, delivery had occurred, title was transferred, the selling price was fixed, and collectability was reasonably assured. Under the new standard, we recognize MC revenue when we satisfy our performance obligations related to the manufacture and delivery of a product, which, in certain cases, results in earlier recognition of revenue associated with these contracts. In our Albany Engineered Composites (AEC) business segment, revenue from a number of long-term contracts was, prior to 2018, recorded on the basis of the units-of-delivery method, which is considered an output method. Under the new standard, revenue from most of these contracts is recognized over time using an input method as the measure of progress, which generally results in earlier recognition of revenue. Prior to adoption of the new standard, the classification of revenue in excess of progress billings on long-term contracts was included in Accounts receivable. Under the new standard, such assets are considered Contract assets, which are rights to consideration that are conditional on something other than the passage of time, such as completion of remaining performance obligations. As a result of adoption of the new standard, such assets were reclassified at transition from Accounts receivable to Contract assets. In addition, under the new standard, we are required to limit our estimate of contract values to the period of the legally enforceable contract, which in many cases is considerably shorter than the contract period used under the former standard. While certain contracts are expected to be profitable over the course of the program life when including expected renewals, under the new standard, our estimate of contract revenues and costs is limited to the estimated value of enforceable rights and obligations, excluding anticipated renewals. In some cases, this shorter contract period may result in a loss contract provision at contract inception. Expected losses on projects include losses on contract options that are probable of exercise, excluding profitable options that often follow. Significant changes to our accounting policies as a result of adopting the new standard are set forth in Note 2. Products and services provided under long-term contracts represent a significant portion of sales in the Albany Engineered Composites segment. We have a contract with a major customer for which revenue is recognized under a cost-plus-fee agreement. We also have fixed price long-term contracts, for which we use the percentage of completion (actual cost to estimated cost) method. That method requires significant judgment and estimation, which could be considerably different if the underlying circumstances were to change. When adjustments in estimated contract revenues or costs are required, any changes from prior estimates are included in earnings in the period the change occurs. In the fourth quarter of 2018, we had both favorable and unfavorable adjustments to the estimated profitability on long-term contracts that had a net effect of reducing gross profit by $1.5 million. The unfavorable adjustment was a charge of $4.0 million due to ramp-up inefficiencies on a key program. We also recorded a 2017 charge of $4.0 million for ramp-up inefficiencies. The favorable adjustment in the fourth quarter of 2018 resulted from a reduction to the estimated loss on a long-term contract that resulted from a better-than-expected ramp-up on a different program. In the second quarter of 2017, we recorded a $15.8 million charge to Cost of goods sold related to revisions on estimated profitability of our BR725 and A380 programs, which included the write-off of $4.0 million of program inventory costs and a reserve of $11.8 million for additional anticipated losses. Later in 2017, we amended a long-term agreement with a licensor for the A380 program that resulted in a reduction to Cost of goods sold of $4.9 million. Changes in estimates on contracts other than the profitability changes noted above, decreased gross profit by $0.5 million in 2018, decreased gross profit by $0.6 million in 2017, and increased gross profit by $1.5 million in 2016. For contracts with anticipated losses, a provision for the entire amount of the estimated remaining loss is charged against income in the period in which the loss becomes known. Contract losses are determined considering all direct and indirect contract costs, exclusive of any selling, general or administrative cost allocations, which are treated as period expenses. We limit the concentration of credit risk in receivables by closely monitoring credit and collection policies. We record allowances for sales returns as a deduction in the computation of net sales. Such provisions are recorded on the basis of written communication with customers and/or historical experience. Any value added taxes that are imposed on sales transactions are excluded from net sales. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold includes the cost of materials, provisions for obsolete inventories, labor and supplies, shipping and handling costs, depreciation of manufacturing facilities and equipment, purchasing, receiving, warehousing, and other expenses. Cost of goods sold also includes provisions for loss contracts and charges for the write-off of inventories that result from an exit activity. Selling, General, Administrative, Technical, and Research Expenses Selling, general, administrative, and technical expenses are primarily comprised of wages, benefits, travel, professional fees, revaluation of trade foreign currency balances, and other costs, and are expensed as incurred. Selling expense includes provisions for bad debts and costs related to contract acquisition. Research expenses are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of compensation, supplies, and professional fees incurred in connection with intellectual property. Total company research expense was $29.8 million in 2018, $30.7 million in 2017, and $28.8 million in 2016. The Albany Engineered Composites segment participates in both company-sponsored, and customer-funded research and development. Some customer-funded research and development may be on a cost-sharing basis and considered to be a collaborative arrangement, in which case both parties are active participants and are exposed to the risks and rewards dependent on the success of the activity. In such cases, amounts charged to the customer are credited against research and development expense. While no such arrangements existed during the last three years, we may enter into such arrangements in the future. For customer-funded research and development in which we anticipate funding to exceed expenses, we include amounts charged to the customer in Net sales, while expenses are included in Cost of goods sold. Restructuring Expense We may incur expenses related to restructuring of our operations, which could include employee termination costs, costs to consolidate or close facilities, or costs to terminate contractual relationships. Restructuring expenses may also include impairment of Property, plant and equipment, as described below under “Property, Plant and Equipment”. Employee termination costs include the severance pay and social costs for periods after employee service is completed. Termination costs related to an ongoing benefit arrangement are recognized when the amount becomes probable and estimable. Termination costs related to a one-time benefit arrangement are recognized at the communication date to employees. Costs related to contract termination, relocation of employees, outplacement and the consolidation or the closure of facilities, are recognized when incurred. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences and tax attributes by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable for future years to differences between existing assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax return purposes. The effect of tax rate changes on deferred taxes is recognized in the income tax provision in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established, as needed, to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In the event it becomes more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset valuation allowances will not be needed, the valuation allowance will be adjusted. In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have determined the amount of the tax benefit to be recognized by estimating the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. Where applicable, associated interest and penalties have also been recognized. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. Earnings Per Share Basic net income or loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding during each year. Diluted net income per share includes the effect of all potentially dilutive securities. If we report a net loss from continuing operations, the diluted loss is equal to the basic earnings per share calculation. Translation of Financial Statements Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. operations are translated at year-end rates of exchange, and the income statement accounts are translated at average exchange rates. Gains or losses resulting from translating non-U.S. currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are recorded in other comprehensive income and accumulated in Shareholders’ equity in the caption “Translation adjustments”. Selling, general, and administrative expenses include foreign currency gains and losses resulting from third party balances, such as receivables and payables, which are denominated in a currency other than the entity’s functional currency. Gains or losses resulting from cash and short-term intercompany loans and balances denominated in a currency other than the entity’s functional currency, and foreign currency options are generally included in Other expense, net. Gains and losses on long-term intercompany loans not intended to be repaid in the foreseeable future are recorded in other comprehensive income. There were no such intercompany loans during 2018. The following table summarizes foreign currency transaction gains and losses recognized in the income statement:
(in thousands) |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
(Gains)/losses included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  | $(274 | ) |  | $4,127 |  |  | $(381 | )
Other expense, net |  | (67 | ) |  | 4,634 |  |  | (3,532 | )
Total transaction (gains)/losses |  | $(341 | ) |  | $8,761 |  |  | $(3,913 | )
The following table presents foreign currency gains on long-term intercompany loans that were recognized in Other comprehensive income:
(in thousands) |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Gain on long-term intercompany loans |  | $- |  |  | $1,867 |  |  | $3,515 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable includes trade receivables and bank promissory notes. In connection with certain sales in Asia Pacific, the Company accepts a bank promissory note as customer payment. The notes may be presented for payment at maturity, which is less than one year. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience, customer-specific facts and economic conditions. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances could be required. The Company also has Noncurrent receivables in the AEC segment that represent revenue earned which have extended payment terms. The Noncurrent receivables will be invoiced to the customer, with 2% interest, over a 10-year period starting in 2020. As a result of adopting ASC 606, Revenue in excess of progress billings on long-term contracts in the Albany Engineered Composites segment was reclassified from Accounts receivable to Contract assets in 2018. Including that reclassification, the cumulative effect from the adoption of ASC 606 was an increase to Accounts receivable of $8.5 million as Accounts receivable recorded in the cumulative adjustment exceeded that reclassification. See additional information set forth in Notes 2 and 11. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Beginning in 2018, Contract assets includes unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized, and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. For periods prior to 2018, that asset was included in Accounts receivable. At the date of adoption of ASC 606, we recorded Contract assets of $47.4 million, which included the amount that was in Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2017, and additional transition adjustments that resulted from the modified retrospective application of ASC 606 to contracts in process at the time of adoption. Contract assets are transferred to Accounts receivable, net, when the entitlement to payment becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. Contract liabilities are included in Accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. See additional information set forth in Notes 2 and 12. Inventories Costs included in inventories are raw materials, labor, supplies and allocable depreciation and overhead. Raw material inventories are valued on an average cost basis. Other inventory cost elements are valued at cost, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company writes down the inventories for estimated obsolescence, and to lower of cost or net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Write-downs of inventories are charged to Cost of goods sold. If actual demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the Company, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Once established, the original cost of the inventory less the related write-down represents the new cost basis of such inventories. The decrease in Inventories in 2018, compared to the balance as of December 31, 2017, was principally due to the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 606 (see Note 2) which decreased Inventories by $48.6 million. See additional information set forth in Notes 2 and 13. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost, or if acquired as part of a business combination, at fair value. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets for financial reporting purposes. In some cases, accelerated methods are used for income tax purposes. Significant additions or improvements extending assets’ useful lives are capitalized; normal maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. The cost of fully depreciated assets remaining in use is included in the respective asset and accumulated depreciation accounts. When items are sold or retired, related gains or losses are included in net income. Computer software purchased for internal use, at cost, is amortized on a straight-line basis over five to eight years, depending on the nature of the asset, after being placed into service, and is included in property, plant, and equipment. We capitalize internal and external costs incurred related to the software development stage. Capitalized salaries, travel, and consulting costs related to the software development amounted to $1.2 million in both 2018 and 2017. We review the carrying value of property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. See additional information set forth in Note 14. Goodwill, Intangibles, and Other Assets Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment at least annually. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in each business combination. Our reportable segments are consistent with our operating segments. See additional information set forth in Note 15. Intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value and amortized to Cost of goods sold or Selling, general and administrative expenses over the estimated useful lives of the assets. We review amortizable intangible asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We have an investment in a company in Russia that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and is included in Other assets, amounting to $0.4 million in 2018 and $0.5 million in 2017. We perform regular reviews of the financial condition of the investee to determine if our investment is other than temporarily impaired. If the financial condition of the investee were to no longer support their valuation, we would record an impairment provision. For some AEC contracts, we perform pre-production or nonrecurring engineering services. These costs are normally considered a fulfillment activity, rather than a performance obligation. Fulfillment activities that create resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future, and are expected to be recovered, are capitalized to Other assets, which is classified as a noncurrent asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The capitalized costs are amortized into Cost of goods sold over the period over which the asset is expected to contribute to future cash flows, which includes anticipated renewal periods. Included in Other assets is $14.2 million in 2018 and $16.2 million in 2017 for defined benefit pension plans where plan assets exceed the projected benefit obligations. Other assets also includes financial assets of $5.3 million in 2018 and $1.3 million in 2017. See additional information set forth in Note 18. Stock-Based Compensation We have stock-based compensation plans for key employees. Stock options are accounted for in accordance with applicable guidance for the modified prospective transition method of share-based payments. No options have been granted since 2002. See additional information set forth in Note 21. Derivatives We use derivatives from time to time to reduce potentially large adverse effects from changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. We monitor our exposure to these risks and evaluate, on an ongoing basis, the risk of potentially large adverse effects versus the costs associated with hedging such risks. We may use interest rate swaps in the management of interest rate exposures and foreign currency derivatives in the management of foreign currency exposure related to assets and liabilities (including net investments in subsidiaries located outside the U.S.) denominated in foreign currencies. When we enter into a derivative contract, we make a determination whether the transaction is deemed to be a hedge for accounting purposes. For those contracts deemed to be a hedge, we formally document the relationship between the derivative instrument and the risk being hedged. In this documentation, we specifically identify the asset, liability, forecasted transaction, cash flow, or net investment that has been designated as the hedged item, and evaluate whether the derivative instrument is expected to reduce the risks associated with the hedged item. To the extent these criteria are not met, we do not use hedge accounting for the derivative. All derivative contracts are recorded at fair value, as a net asset or a net liability. For transactions that are designated as hedges, we perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of the hedge. To the extent that the hedge is effective, changes in the fair value of the hedge are recorded, net of tax, in other comprehensive income. We measure the effectiveness of hedging relationships both at inception and on an ongoing basis. The ineffective portion of a hedge, if any, and changes in the fair value of a derivative not deemed to be a hedge, are recorded in Other expense, net. For derivatives that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in subsidiaries located outside the United States, changes in the fair value of derivatives are reported in other comprehensive income as part of the Cumulative translation adjustment. Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans As described in Note 4, we have pension and postretirement benefit plans covering substantially all employees. Our defined benefit pension plan in the United States was closed to new participants as of October 1998 and, as of February 2009, benefits accrued under this plan were frozen. We have liabilities for postretirement benefits in the U.S. and Canada. Substantially all of the liability relates to the U.S. plan. Effective January 2005, our postretirement benefit plan in the U.S. was closed to new participants, except for certain life insurance benefits. In September 2008, we changed the cost sharing arrangement under this program such that increases in health care costs are the responsibility of plan participants and, in August 2013, we reduced the life insurance benefit for retirees and eliminated that benefit for active employees. The pension plans are generally trusteed or insured, and accrued amounts are funded as required in accordance with governing laws and regulations. The annual expense and liabilities recognized for defined benefit pension plans and postretirement benefit plans are developed from actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates and expected return on plan assets, which are updated on an annual basis. We consider current market conditions, including changes in interest rates, in making these assumptions. Discount rate assumptions are based on the population of plan participants and a mixture of high-quality fixed-income investments with durations that match expected future payments. The assumption for expected return on plan assets is based on historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, an accounting update was issued which will require lessees to record most operating leases on their balance sheets, but recognize the expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current practice. Under the new standard, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments, and an asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. Expenses related to operating leases will be recognized on a straight-line basis, while those determined to be financing leases will be recognized following a front-loaded expense profile, in which interest and amortization are presented separately in the income statement. The principal effect on the Company’s financial statements will be an increase in assets and liabilities. The Company is developing a complete list of its leases and has completed an assessment for many of these. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019, which will be our date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients for transition, some of which, if elected, must be adopted as a package. The Company expects to elect the package of practical expedients which permits us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company does not expect to elect the practical expedients pertaining to use-of-hindsight or land easements. The new standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting including not recording a lease-related asset and liability when the original lease term is 12 months or less, a provision which the Company will adopt. The Company also currently expects to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of our leases. The Company does not expect a significant change in our leasing activities between now and adoption. Additionally, the Company is evaluating changes to our processes and internal controls to ensure we meet the standard’s reporting and disclosure requirements. In June 2016, an accounting update was issued which changes the way entities recognize impairment of many financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of credit losses expected to occur over their remaining life. The accounting update is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update. In August 2017, an accounting update was issued that is expected to result in more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting. It also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements and changes how companies assess effectiveness. It is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting, and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. In November 2018, an accounting update was issued which adds the Overnight Index Swap (OIS) rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as a benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. We do not expect a significant impact to our consolidated assets and liabilities, net earnings, or cash flows as a result of adopting the accounting updates. We will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2019. In February 2018, an accounting update was issued which permits, but does not require, a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This update is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not intend to make the reclassifications permitted by this Update. In August 2018, an accounting update was issued which clarifies that implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements are deferred if they would be capitalized by customers in software licensing arrangements under the internal-use software guidance. The Company elected to adopt this update in 2018 and it did not have an effect on our financial statements. In August 2018, an accounting update was issued which aims to improve the overall usefulness of disclosures to financial statement users and reduce unnecessary costs to companies when preparing defined benefit plan disclosures. This update is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update. In August 2018, an accounting update was issued which aims to improve the overall usefulness of disclosures to financial statement users and reduce unnecessary costs to companies when preparing fair value measurement disclosures. This update is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update. In November 2018, an accounting update was issued which clarifies when transactions between collaborative arrangement participants are in the scope of ASC 606. The update also provides some guidance on presentation of transactions not in the scope of ASC 606. The update is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update.

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