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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number: 0-25965
ZIFF DAVIS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 47-1053457
(State or other jurisdiction | (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

114 5th Avenue New York, New York 10011
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 503-3500
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report: Not Applicable
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | ZD | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ý | Accelerated filer | o | Non-Accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ý
There were 46,128,097 shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock as of May 3, 2024.

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
QUARTERLY REPORT
QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
INDEX

|  |  | PAGE
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Inco me (Loss) (Unaudited) | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) | 7
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 28
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 38
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 39
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 40
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 40
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 40
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 40
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 40
| Item 5. | Other Information | 41
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 41
|  | Signatures | 42

-2-

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements
ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited, in thousands except share and per share data)

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 734,779 |  |  | $ | 737,612 |
Short-term investments | 16,404 |  |  | 27,109 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $6,484 and $6,871, respectively | 446,883 |  |  | 337,703 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 95,036 |  |  | 88,570 |
Total current assets | 1,293,102 |  |  | 1,190,994 |
Long-term investments | 139,964 |  |  | 140,906 |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $346,793 and $327,015, respectively | 190,897 |  |  | 188,169 |
Intangible assets, net | 400,562 |  |  | 325,406 |
Goodwill | 1,624,628 |  |  | 1,546,065 |
Deferred income taxes | 8,733 |  |  | 8,731 |
Other assets | 69,145 |  |  | 70,751 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 3,727,031 |  |  | $ | 3,471,022 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 360,153 |  |  | $ | 123,256 |
Accrued employee related costs | 26,262 |  |  | 50,068 |
Other accrued liabilities | 44,012 |  |  | 43,612 |
Income taxes payable, current | 18,019 |  |  | 14,458 |
Deferred revenue, current | 199,880 |  |  | 184,549 |
Other current liabilities | 15,008 |  |  | 15,890 |
Total current liabilities | 663,334 |  |  | 431,833 |
Long-term debt | 1,001,884 |  |  | 1,001,312 |
Deferred income taxes | 65,261 |  |  | 45,503 |
Income taxes payable, noncurrent | 8,486 |  |  | 8,486 |
Deferred revenue, noncurrent | 7,172 |  |  | 8,169 |
Other long-term liabilities | 78,882 |  |  | 82,721 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 1,825,019 |  |  | 1,578,024 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 1,000,000 and none issued | — |  |  | — |
Preferred stock - Series A, $0.01 par value. Authorized 6,000; total issued and outstanding zero | — |  |  | — |
Preferred stock - Series B, $0.01 par value. Authorized 20,000; total issued and outstanding zero | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 95,000,000; total issued and outstanding 46,134,708 and 46,078,464 shares at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 461 |  |  | 461 |
Additional paid-in capital | 475,926 |  |  | 472,201 |
Retained earnings | 1,503,838 |  |  | 1,491,956 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (78,213) |  |  | (71,620) |
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 1,902,012 |  |  | 1,892,998 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 3,727,031 |  |  | $ | 3,471,022 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
-3-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited, in thousands except share and per share data)

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Total revenues | $ | 314,485 |  |  | $ | 307,142 |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct costs | 47,067 |  |  | 45,730 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 117,000 |  |  | 115,920 |  |  |  |  |
Research, development, and engineering | 17,774 |  |  | 17,914 |  |  |  |  |
General, administrative, and other related costs | 96,783 |  |  | 101,263 |  |  |  |  |
Total operating costs and expenses | 278,624 |  |  | 280,827 |  |  |  |  |
Income from operations | 35,861 |  |  | 26,315 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (1,769) |  |  | (4,480) |  |  |  |  |
Loss on sale of businesses | (3,780) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on short-term investments held at the reporting date, net | (10,705) |  |  | (20,345) |  |  |  |  |
Gain on investments, net | — |  |  | 357 |  |  |  |  |
Other loss, net | (104) |  |  | (908) |  |  |  |  |
Income before income tax (expense) benefit and loss from equity method investment | 19,503 |  |  | 939 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (8,231) |  |  | 616 |  |  |  |  |
Loss from equity method investment, net of income taxes | (645) |  |  | (9,182) |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 10,627 |  |  | $ | (7,627) |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | (0.16) |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | (0.16) |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 45,860,033 |  |  | 46,987,249 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 45,955,365 |  |  | 46,987,249 |  |  |  |  |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
-4-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 10,627 |  |  | $ | (7,627) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (6,530) |  |  | 3,713 |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value on available-for-sale investments, net of tax benefit of $19 and tax expense of $109 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively | (63) |  |  | 324 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | (6,593) |  |  | 4,037 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 4,034 |  |  | $ | (3,590) |  |  |  |  |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
-5-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| Three months ended March 31,
Cash flows from operating activities: | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income (loss) | $ | 10,627 |  |  | $ | (7,627) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 48,453 |  |  | 54,623 |
Non-cash operating lease costs | 2,770 |  |  | 2,933 |
Share-based compensation | 8,872 |  |  | 8,402 |
Provision for credit losses on accounts receivable | 50 |  |  | 441 |
Deferred income taxes, net | (2,709) |  |  | (7,442) |
Loss on sale of businesses | 3,780 |  |  | — |
Loss from equity method investments | 645 |  |  | 9,182 |
Unrealized loss on short-term investments held at the reporting date, net | 10,705 |  |  | 20,345 |
Gain on investments, net | — |  |  | (357) |
Other | 1,278 |  |  | 2,776 |
Decrease (increase) in: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 55,365 |  |  | 27,626 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (9,423) |  |  | (7,658) |
Other assets | (2,078) |  |  | (2,048) |
Increase (decrease) in: |  |  |
Accounts payable | (62,270) |  |  | 6,922 |
Deferred revenue | 15,169 |  |  | 12,085 |
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities | (5,676) |  |  | (4,896) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 75,558 |  |  | 115,307 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (28,129) |  |  | (30,017) |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash received | (44,524) |  |  | (8,001) |
Proceeds from sale of equity investments | — |  |  | 3,174 |
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash divested | 1,238 |  |  | — |
Other | (66) |  |  | (3,947) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (71,481) |  |  | (38,791) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Repurchase of common stock | (3,923) |  |  | (2,875) |
Deferred payments for acquisitions | (2,418) |  |  | (6,679) |
Other | 30 |  |  | 71 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (6,311) |  |  | (9,483) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (599) |  |  | 1,676 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (2,833) |  |  | 68,709 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 737,612 |  |  | 652,793 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 734,779 |  |  | $ | 721,502 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
-6-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited, in thousands, except share amounts)

| Three months ended March 31, 2024
| Common stock | Additional paid-in | Retained | Accumulated other | Total Stockholders’
| Shares | Amount | capital | earnings | comprehensive loss | Equity
Balance, January 1, 2024 | 46,078,464 |  | $ | 461 |  | $ | 472,201 |  | $ | 1,491,956 |  | $ | (71,620) |  | $ | 1,892,998 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 10,627 |  | — |  | 10,627 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefit of $19 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (6,593) |  | (6,593) |
Issuance of restricted stock, net | 56,244 |  | — |  | (5,152) |  | 1,229 |  | — |  | (3,923) |
Share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | 8,872 |  | — |  | — |  | 8,872 |
Other, net | — |  | — |  | 5 |  | 26 |  | — |  | 31 |
Balance, March 31, 2024 | 46,134,708 |  | $ | 461 |  | $ | 475,926 |  | $ | 1,503,838 |  | $ | (78,213) |  | $ | 1,902,012 |

| Three months ended March 31, 2023
| Common stock | Additional paid-in | Retained | Accumulated other | Total Stockholders’
| Shares | Amount | capital | earnings | comprehensive loss | Equity
Balance, January 1, 2023 | 47,269,446 |  | $ | 473 |  | $ | 439,681 |  | $ | 1,537,830 |  | $ | (85,373) |  | $ | 1,892,611 |
Net loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | (7,627) |  | — |  | (7,627) |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax expense of $109 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,037 |  | 4,037 |
Issuance of restricted stock, net | 16,647 |  | — |  | (3,336) |  | 461 |  | — |  | (2,875) |
Share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | 8,402 |  | — |  | — |  | 8,402 |
Other, net | — |  | — |  | 66 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 67 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 | 47,286,093 |  | $ | 473 |  | $ | 444,813 |  | $ | 1,530,665 |  | $ | (81,336) |  | $ | 1,894,615 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
-7-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1.Basis of Presentation and Overview
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Ziff Davis, Inc. and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries (“Ziff Davis”, the “Company”, “our”, “us”, or “we”), were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), and all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The preparation of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. All normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of these interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were made.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 26, 2024 and other filings with the SEC.
The results of operations for this interim period are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year or for any future period.
Description of Business
Ziff Davis, Inc. is a vertically focused digital media and internet company whose portfolio includes brands in technology, shopping, gaming and entertainment, connectivity, health and wellness, cybersecurity, and martech. Our Digital Media business specializes in the technology, shopping, gaming and entertainment, connectivity, and healthcare markets, offering content, tools, and services to consumers and businesses. Our Cybersecurity and Martech business provides cloud-based subscription and license services to consumers and businesses including cybersecurity, privacy, and marketing technology.
Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Note 1 to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, there have been no new or material changes to the significant accounting policies discussed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently issued applicable accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This update provides for optional financial reporting alternatives to reduce costs and complexities associated with accounting for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. This update applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The accommodations were available for all entities through December 31, 2022, with early adoption permitted. This update was later amended by ASU 2022-06.
In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848. This update defers the expiration date of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. We are currently evaluating the effect the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification. Certain of the amendments represent clarifications to or technical corrections of the current requirements. For entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosure requirements and entities required to file/furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for which each amendment will be the date on the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption
-8-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
prohibited. For all other entities, amendments will be effective two years later. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides for enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. In addition, the guidance enhances interim disclosure requirements, clarifies circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contains other disclosure requirements. The purpose of the guidance is to enable investors to better understand an entity’s overall performance and assess potential future cash flows. The guidance is effective on December 31, 2024 and for prospective interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. This update will likely result in us including the additional required disclosures when adopted. We are currently evaluating the impact of these provisions and expect to adopt them for the year ended December 31, 2024.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in the update require public business entities on an annual basis to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold of equal to or greater than 5% of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by statutory income tax rate. The amendments also require that entities disclose on an annual basis information about the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and the amount of income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid. The amendments eliminate some of the previously required disclosures for all entities relating to estimates of the change in unrecognized tax benefits reasonably possible within twelve months. The amendments in this update are effective on a prospective basis on December 31, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. This update will result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted. We are currently evaluating the effect the adoption of this update will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2.Revenues
Digital Media
Digital Media revenues are earned primarily from the delivery of advertising and performance marketing services, licensing, and subscriptions to services and information.
Advertising and Performance Marketing
Revenue from the delivery of advertising services is earned on websites that are owned and operated by us and on those websites that are part of Digital Media’s advertising network. Depending on the individual contracts with the customer, revenue for these services is recognized over the contract period when any of the following performance obligations are satisfied: (i) when an advertisement is placed for viewing, (ii) when a qualified sales lead is delivered, (iii) when a visitor “clicks through” on an advertisement, or (iv) when commissions are earned upon the sale of an advertised product.
The Digital Media business also generates revenue from marketing, performance marketing, production services, and the management of client gift card programs. Such revenues are generally recognized over the period in which the products or services are delivered.
Subscription and Licensing
Revenue from subscriptions is earned through the granting of access to, or delivery of, data products or services to customers. Subscriptions cover video games and related content, health information, data, and other copyrighted material. Revenues are also earned from listing fees, subscriptions to online publications, and from other sources. Subscription revenues are primarily recognized over the contract term. Revenues related to the provision of access to historical data for certain services are recorded at the time of delivery.
The Digital Media business also generates revenues through the license of certain assets to clients. Assets are licensed for clients’ use in their own promotional materials or otherwise and may include logos, editorial reviews, or other copyrighted material that represent symbolic intellectual property, as defined in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenues under such license agreements are generally recognized over the contract term. In instances when technology assets in the form of functional intellectual property are licensed to our clients, revenues from the license of these assets are recognized at a point in time.
-9-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
Digital Media subscription and licensing revenues include revenues from transactions involving the sale of perpetual software licenses, related software support, and maintenance. Revenue is recognized for software transactions with multiple performance obligations after (i) the contract has been approved and we are committed to perform the respective obligations and (ii) we can identify and quantify each obligation and its respective selling price. Once the respective performance obligations have been identified and quantified, revenue will be recognized when the obligations are met, either over time or at a point in time, depending on the nature of the obligation.
Revenues from software license performance obligations are generally recognized upfront at the point in time that the software is made available to the customer for download and use. Revenues from related software support and maintenance are generally recognized ratably over the contractual period, because technical support, unspecified software product upgrades, maintenance releases, and patches are provided to customers on an as needed basis and they are available during the term of the support period. We are obligated to make the support services available continuously throughout the contract period.
Other
Other revenues primarily include those from the sale of hardware used in conjunction with software described above, online course revenue, and game publishing revenue. Hardware product and related software performance obligations, such as an operating system or firmware, are highly interdependent and interrelated and are accounted for as a bundled performance obligation. The revenues for this bundled performance obligation are generally recognized at the point in time that the hardware and software products are delivered and ownership is transferred to the customer.
Cybersecurity and Martech
The Company’s Cybersecurity and Martech revenues consist of subscription and licensing revenues which primarily include subscription and usage-based fees, a significant portion of which are paid in advance. The Company defers the portions of monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, and annual fees collected in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations and recognizes them in the period earned.
Along with its numerous proprietary Cybersecurity and Martech solutions, the Company also generates subscription revenues by reselling various third-party solutions, primarily through its email security line of business. These third-party solutions, along with the Company’s proprietary products, allow it to offer customers a variety of solutions to better meet the customer’s needs.
Principal vs. Agent
The Company determines whether revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis by assessing whether the Company is acting as the principal or an agent in the transaction, respectively. The Company records revenue on a gross basis with respect to revenue generated (i) by the Company serving online display and video advertising across its owned and operated web properties, on third-party sites, or on unaffiliated advertising networks; (ii) through the Company’s lead-generation business; and (iii) through the Company’s subscriptions, including the resale of various third-party solutions, primarily through its email security line of business. The Company records revenue on a gross basis with respect to reseller revenue because the Company has control of the specified good or service prior to transferring control to the customer. The Company records revenue on a net basis with respect to revenue paid to the Company by certain third-party advertising networks who serve online display and video advertising across the Company’s owned-and-operated web properties and certain third-party platforms, primarily related to the transfer of functional intellectual property. The Company records revenue on a net basis with respect to revenue earned from servicing the client gift card programs.
-10-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
Disaggregated Revenues
Revenues from external customers classified by revenue source are as follows (in thousands).

|  |  | Three months ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Digital Media |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising and performance marketing |  |  |  |  | $ | 156,096 |  |  | $ | 156,082 |
Subscription and licensing |  |  |  |  | 73,467 |  |  | 69,148 |
Other |  |  |  |  | 9,489 |  |  | 8,981 |
Total Digital Media revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 239,052 |  |  | $ | 234,211 |
Cybersecurity and Martech |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription and licensing |  |  |  |  | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | 73,016 |
Total Cybersecurity and Martech revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | 73,016 |
Elimination of inter-segment revenues |  |  |  |  | (19) |  |  | (85) |
Total Revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 314,485 |  |  | $ | 307,142 |

The Company recorded $74.1 million and $65.1 million of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was previously included in the deferred revenue balance as of the beginning of each respective year.
Performance Obligations
The Company may be a party to multiple concurrent contracts with the same customers, or a party or parties related to those customers. Some of these situations may require judgment to determine if those arrangements should be accounted for as a single contract. Consideration of both the form and the substance of the arrangement is required. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations, including contracts when advertising and licensing services are sold together.
The Company determines the transaction price based on the amount to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for services provided. The Company includes any fixed consideration within its contracts as part of the total transaction price. The Company’s contracts occasionally contain some component of variable consideration, such as commissions that are recognized in the period of the commissionable event. The Company does not include in the transaction price taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are (i) both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected by us from the customer. Due to the nature of the services provided, there are no obligations for returns.
The Company satisfies its performance obligations upon delivery of services to its customers. Within the Digital Media business, the Company provides content to its advertising partners which the Company sells to its partners’ customer base and receives a revenue share based on the terms of the agreement.
Payment terms vary by type and location of our customers and the services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is generally not significant.
Our Digital Media business consists primarily of performance obligations that are satisfied over time. This was determined based on a review of the contracts and the nature of the services offered, where the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit of the services provided.
Revenue is recognized based on delivery of services over the contract period for advertising and on a straight-line basis or units of output basis over the contract period for subscriptions. The Company believes that the methods described are a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods and services.
The Digital Media business also has licensing arrangements that have standalone functionality. As a result, they are considered to be functional intellectual property where the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time.
-11-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
Our Cybersecurity and Martech business consists primarily of performance obligations that are satisfied over time. This has been determined based on the fact that the nature of services offered are subscription based where the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit of the services provided regardless of whether the customer uses the services. Depending on the individual contracts with the customer, revenue for these services is recognized over the contract period when any of the following materially distinct performance obligations are satisfied:
•Voice, email marketing, and search engine optimization as services are delivered.
•Consumer privacy services and data backup capabilities are provided.
•Security solutions, including email and endpoint are provided.
The Company has concluded the best measure of progress toward the complete satisfaction of the performance obligation is a time-based measure. The Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis throughout the subscription period, or as usage occurs, or when functional intellectual property is delivered for services outside of the subscription, and believes that the method used is a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods and services.
Transaction Price Allocation to Future Performance Obligations
As of March 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to future performance obligations was approximately $44.1 million and is expected to be recognized as follows: 61% by December 31, 2024, 30% by December 31, 2025, and 9% thereafter. The amount disclosed does not include revenues related to performance obligations that are part of contracts with original expected durations of twelve months or less or portions of the contracts that remain subject to cancellations. Further, the disclosure does not include contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue in proportion to the amount it has the right to invoice for services performed.
3.Business Acquisitions
The Company uses acquisitions as a strategy to grow its customer base by increasing its presence in new and existing markets, expanding and diversifying its service offerings, enhancing its technology, and acquiring skilled personnel.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $7.5 million of incremental revenue from the businesses acquired during the first quarter of 2023 and 2024. Net income contributed by these acquisitions was not separately identifiable due to the Company’s integration activities and is impracticable to provide.
2024 Acquisition
On February 5, 2024, we completed an acquisition of 100% of the equity interest in TDS Gift Cards, a California-based digital gifting and branded payments platform, which is reported within our Digital Media segment and is expected to expand our ability to offer innovative shopping solutions to our merchant partners and broaden our capabilities to help facilitate commerce between consumers and some of the most highly visible brands. Total consideration for this transaction was $187.5 million, or $44.5 million, net of cash acquired.
The following table summarizes the allocation of the preliminary purchase consideration for the acquisition of TDS Gift Cards as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Assets and Liabilities |  | Valuation
Cash |  | $ | 142,957 |
Accounts receivable and other current assets |  | 171,500 |
Intangible assets |  | 101,754 |
Goodwill |  | 85,901 |
Other assets |  | 289 |
Accounts payable and other current liabilities |  | (290,272) |
Deferred tax liability, noncurrent |  | (23,788) |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  | (861) |
Total |  | $ | 187,480 |

The initial accounting for the 2024 acquisition is incomplete due to the timing of available information and is subject to change. The Company has recorded provisional amounts as of March 31, 2024.
-12-

ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
The fair value of the assets acquired includes accounts receivable of $170.9 million, of which none is expected to be uncollectible. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
The preliminary amounts assigned to intangible assets by type for the acquisition during the three months ended March 31, 2024 are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

| Gross Carrying Value |  | Weighted average estimated life
Customer relationships | $ | 82,762 |  |  | 10 years
Trade names and trademarks | 1,716 |  |  | 2 years
Other purchased intangibles | 17,276 |  |  | 10 years
Total gross carrying value | $ | 101,754 |  |  |

The Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2024, reflect the results of operations of the 2024 acquisition since the date of the acquisition.
2023 Acquisition
The Company completed an immaterial Digital Media acquisition during the three months ended March 31, 2023, paying the purchase price in cash.
The Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations since the date of the acquisition, reflect the results of operations of the 2023 acquisition.
Goodwill recognized associated with this acquisition during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $3.8 million, all of which is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Approximately $4.2 million of definite-lived intangibles were recorded in connection with the acquisition during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
4.Investments
Investments consist of equity and debt securities.
Investment in equity securities
On October 7, 2021, we completed the separation of our cloud fax business (the “Separation”) into an independent publicly traded company. Following the Separation, the Company retained shares of publicly traded common stock of Consensus Cloud Solutions, Inc. (“Consensus”). As of each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held approximately 1.0 million shares of the common stock of Consensus. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of the investment in Consensus was $16.4 million and $27.1 million, respectively, and is included in ‘Short-term investments’ in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accounts for its investment in Consensus at fair value under the fair value option, and the related fair value gains and losses are recognized in earnings.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company sold zero and 52,393 shares, respectively, of common stock of Consensus in the open market.
Losses on equity securities recorded in ‘Unrealized loss on short-term investments held at the reporting date, net’ in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations consisted of the following (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net losses during the period | $ | (10,705) |  |  | $ | (19,988) |  |  |  |  |
Less: gains on securities sold during the period | — |  |  | 357 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized losses recognized during the period on short-term investments held at the reporting date, net | $ | (10,705) |  |  | $ | (20,345) |  |  |  |  |

On July 31, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase $25.0 million of equity in Xyla, Inc. (“Xyla”) for a minority ownership stake. This minority investment was made in the form of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company accounts for its investment in Xyla as an equity investment without a readily determinable fair value measured under the measurement alternative in accordance with ASC Topic 321, Investments — Equity Securities. As of each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying value of the investment in Xyla was $25.3 million, including transaction costs, and is included in ‘Long-term investments’ in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
Investment in corporate debt security
On April 12, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with an entity to acquire 4% convertible notes with an aggregate value of $15.0 million. On May 19, 2023, the Company entered into the Note Amendment Agreement (the “Amendment”) with respect to the same entity. The Amendment increased the interest rate on the convertible notes to 6%, extended the maturity date, and subordinated all existing and future obligations, liabilities, and indebtedness of the entity to the entity’s senior creditor, as defined in the Amendment. This investment is included in ‘Long-term investments’ in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is classified as available-for-sale. The investment was initially measured at its transaction price and subsequently remeasured at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income.
As of March 31, 2024, both the carrying value and the maximum exposure of the Company’s investment in corporate debt securities was approximately $15.6 million, with a contractual maturity date that was more than one year but less than five years. As of December 31, 2023, both the carrying value and the maximum exposure of the Company’s investment in corporate debt securities was approximately $15.7 million, with a contractual maturity date that was more than one year but less than five years. Cumulative gross unrealized gains on investment in corporate debt securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were approximately $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
There were no investments in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses on its debt securities.
Equity method investment
On September 25, 2017, the Company entered into a commitment to invest in OCV Fund I, LP (the “OCV Fund”). The Company recognizes its equity in the net earnings or losses relating to the investment in the OCV Fund on a one-quarter lag due to the timing and availability of financial information from the OCV Fund. If the Company becomes aware of a significant decline in value that is other-than-temporary, the loss will be recorded in the period in which the Company identifies the decline.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized a loss from equity method investment, net of income taxes of $0.6 million and $9.2 million, net of tax expense (benefit), respectively. The losses in the periods presented were primarily the result of losses in the underlying investments.
As of March 31, 2024, both the carrying value and the maximum exposure of the Company’s equity method investment was approximately $99.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, both the carrying value and the maximum exposure of the Company’s equity method investment was approximately $99.9 million. These equity securities are included in ‘Long-term investments’ in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As a limited partner, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss is limited to its proportional ownership in the partnership. In addition, the Company is not required to contribute any future capital. Finally, there are no call or put options, or other types of arrangements, which limit the Company’s ability to participate in losses and returns of the OCV Fund.
5.Fair Value Measurements
The Company complies with the provisions of ASC 820, which defines fair value, provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands the disclosures required for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value.

| § | Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
| § | Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
| § | Level 3 – Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company’s money market funds are classified within Level 1. The Company values these Level 1 investments using quoted market prices.
The investment in Consensus common stock is an investment in equity securities for which the Company elected the fair value option, and the fair value of the investment in Consensus common stock and subsequent fair value changes are included in our assets of and results from continuing operations, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our investment in Consensus common stock was remeasured at fair value based on Consensus’ closing stock price and had a balance of $16.4 million and $27.1 million, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the unrealized losses of $10.7 million and $20.3 million, respectively, were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The fair value of the investment in Consensus common stock is determined using the quoted market prices, which is a Level 1 input.
The Company’s investment in certificates of deposit are classified within Level 2. The Company values these Level 2 investments based on quoted market prices or model-driven valuations using significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
The Company has investment in a corporate debt security that does not have a readily determinable fair value because the acquired securities are privately held, not traded on any public exchanges and not an investment in a mutual fund or similar investment. The investment in corporate debt securities is classified as available-for-sale and is initially measured at its transaction price. The fair value of the corporate debt securities is determined primarily based on estimates and assumptions, including Level 3 inputs. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value was determined based upon various probability-weighted scenarios which included discount rate assumptions between 13% and 14%, depending on the probability scenario. In addition, the determination of fair value included a conversion timeframe of approximately one to three years, depending on the probability scenario, as of March 31, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023.
The Company classifies its contingent consideration liability in connection with acquisitions within Level 3 because factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs, such as volatility and market risks, and are not supported by market activity. The valuation approaches used to value Level 3 investments considers unobservable inputs in the market such as time to liquidity, volatility, dividend yield, and breakpoints. Significant increases or decreases in any of the inputs in isolation could result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.
As of each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the contingent consideration was determined using a 100% probability of payout at the maximum amount, without any other estimates applied.
The following tables present the fair values of the Company’s financial assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

March 31, 2024 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market and other funds | $ | 272,847 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 272,847 |  |  | $ | 272,847 |
Certificates of deposit | — |  |  | 2,304 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,304 |  |  | 2,304 |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consensus common stock | 16,404 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,404 |  |  | 16,404 |
Long-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in corporate debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,617 |  |  | 15,617 |  |  | 15,617 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 289,251 |  |  | $ | 2,304 |  |  | $ | 15,617 |  |  | $ | 307,172 |  |  | $ | 307,172 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |

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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

December 31, 2023 | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market and other funds | $ | 340,928 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 340,928 |  |  | $ | 340,928 |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consensus common stock | 27,109 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,109 |  |  | 27,109 |
Long-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in corporate debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,699 |  |  | 15,699 |  |  | 15,699 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 368,037 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,699 |  |  | $ | 383,736 |  |  | $ | 383,736 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |
Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 2,834 |

At the end of each reporting period, management reviews the inputs to the fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities to determine when transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no transfers that occurred between levels.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company’s Level 3 financial assets related to our contingent consideration arrangements and investment in corporate debt securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Contingent Consideration Arrangements |  | Corporate Debt Securities |  | Contingent Consideration Arrangements |  | Corporate Debt Securities
Balance as of January 1 | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 15,699 |  |  | $ | 555 |  |  | $ | 15,586 |
Fair value adjustments (1) | — |  |  | (82) |  |  | — |  |  | 433 |
Balance as of March 31 | $ | 2,834 |  |  | $ | 15,617 |  |  | $ | 555 |  |  | $ | 16,019 |

(1)The fair value adjustments to the corporate debt securities in the table above were recorded in ‘Change in fair value on available-for-sale investments, net’ in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company’s non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, right-of-use assets, and property, plant and equipment, are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized. The Company’s financial assets, comprised of equity securities without readily determinable fair value, are adjusted to fair value when observable price changes are identified or due to impairment. Such fair value measurements are based predominately on Level 3 inputs.
Other Fair Value Disclosures
The fair value of the Company’s 4.625% Senior Notes and 1.75% Convertible Notes (as defined in Note 7 — Debt) was determined using quoted market prices or dealer quotes for instruments with similar maturities and other terms and credit ratings, which are Level 1 inputs. If such information is not available for the 1.75% Convertible Notes, the fair value is determined using cash-flow models of the scheduled payments discounted at market interest rates for comparable debt without the conversion feature.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
The following table presents the carrying value and the fair value of financial instruments measured at fair value only for disclosure purposes:

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
4.625% Senior Notes | $ | 456,898 |  |  | $ | 414,467 |  |  | $ | 456,796 |  |  | $ | 405,408 |
1.75% Convertible Notes | $ | 544,986 |  |  | $ | 519,233 |  |  | $ | 544,516 |  |  | $ | 519,492 |

6.Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The changes in carrying amounts of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

| Digital Media |  | Cybersecurity and Martech |  | Consolidated
Balance as of January 1, 2024 | $ | 1,016,880 |  |  | $ | 529,185 |  |  | $ | 1,546,065 |
Goodwill acquired (1) | 85,900 |  |  | — |  |  | 85,900 |
Goodwill removed due to sale of businesses (2) | (3,983) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,983) |
Foreign exchange translation | (1,188) |  |  | (2,166) |  |  | (3,354) |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 | $ | 1,097,609 |  |  | $ | 527,019 |  |  | $ | 1,624,628 |

(1)Goodwill recognized in connection with the acquisition during the three months ended March 31, 2024 (see Note 3 — Business Acquisitions).
(2)During the three months ended March 31, 2024, in a cash transaction, the Company sold an international asset at Digital Media within its shopping vertical, which resulted in $4.0 million of goodwill being removed in connection with this sale.
Goodwill as of each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 reflects accumulated impairment losses of $84.2 million in the Digital Media reportable segment. Following an impairment in 2023 to a reporting unit within the Digital Media reportable segment, there was no excess of reporting unit fair value over the carrying amount. As such, since this last impairment test, any further decrease in estimated fair value would result in an additional impairment charge to goodwill. Changes in market conditions, and key assumptions made in future quantitative assessments, including expected cash flows, competitive factors and discount rates, could negatively impact the results of future impairment testing and could result in the recognition of an impairment charge. As of March 31, 2024, this reporting unit had goodwill of approximately $79.2 million.
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization
As of March 31, 2024, intangible assets subject to amortization relate primarily to the following (in thousands):

| Historical Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Trade names and trademarks | $ | 349,490 |  |  | $ | 199,293 |  |  | $ | 150,197 |
Customer relationships | 774,154 |  |  | 569,148 |  |  | 205,006 |
Other purchased intangibles | 396,962 |  |  | 351,603 |  |  | 45,359 |
Total | $ | 1,520,606 |  |  | $ | 1,120,044 |  |  | $ | 400,562 |

As of December 31, 2023, intangible assets subject to amortization relate primarily to the following (in thousands):

| Historical Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Trade names and trademarks | $ | 347,895 |  |  | $ | 192,111 |  |  | $ | 155,784 |
Customer relationships | 692,634 |  |  | 555,384 |  |  | 137,250 |
Other purchased intangibles | 379,703 |  |  | 347,331 |  |  | 32,372 |
Total | $ | 1,420,232 |  |  | $ | 1,094,826 |  |  | $ | 325,406 |

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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
Amortization expense, included in ‘General, administrative, and other related costs’ in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, was approximately $26.3 million and $33.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
7.Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
4.625% Senior Notes | $ | 460,038 |  |  | $ | 460,038 |
1.75% Convertible Notes | 550,000 |  |  | 550,000 |
Total Notes | 1,010,038 |  |  | 1,010,038 |
Credit Agreement | — |  |  | — |
Less: Unamortized discount | (2,386) |  |  | (2,463) |
Deferred issuance costs (1) | (5,768) |  |  | (6,263) |
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,001,884 |  |  | $ | 1,001,312 |

(1)Includes $5.0 million and $5.5 million of carrying amount of deferred issuance costs on the 1.75% Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.8 million of carrying amount of deferred issuance costs on the 4.625% Senior Notes as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
As of March 31, 2024, $550.0 million of principal will mature in 2026 and $460.0 million of principal will mature in 2030.
4.625% Senior Notes
On October 7, 2020, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 4.625% senior notes due 2030 (the “4.625% Senior Notes”) in a private placement offering exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company received proceeds of $742.7 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts, commissions and offering expenses. The net proceeds were used to redeem all of its then outstanding 6.0% Senior Notes due in 2025 and, the remaining net proceeds were available for general corporate purposes which may include acquisitions and the repurchase or redemption of other outstanding indebtedness.
These senior notes bear interest at a rate of 4.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing on April 15, 2021. The 4.625% Senior Notes mature on October 15, 2030, and are senior unsecured obligations of the Company which are guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis by certain of the Company’s existing and future domestic direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantors”). If the Company or any of its restricted subsidiaries acquires or creates a domestic restricted subsidiary, other than an Insignificant Subsidiary (as defined in the indenture pursuant to which the 4.625% Senior Notes were issued (the “Indenture”)), after the issue date, or any Insignificant Subsidiary ceases to fit within the definition of Insignificant Subsidiary, such restricted subsidiary is required to unconditionally guarantee, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, the Company’s obligations under the 4.625% Senior Notes.
The Company may redeem some or all of the 4.625% Senior Notes at any time on or after October 15, 2025 at specified redemption prices plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to October 15, 2025, the Company may redeem some or all of the 4.625% Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, plus an applicable “make-whole” premium. The discount and deferred issuance costs are being amortized, at an effective interest rate of 4.7%, to interest expense through the maturity date.
The Indenture contains covenants that restrict the Company’s ability to (i) pay dividends or make distributions on the Company’s common stock or repurchase the Company’s capital stock; (ii) make certain restricted payments; (iii) create liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; (iv) enter into transactions with affiliates; (v) merge or consolidate with another company; and (vi) transfer and sell assets. These covenants contain certain exceptions. Restricted payments are applicable only if the Company and subsidiaries designated as restricted subsidiaries have a net leverage ratio of greater than 3.5 to 1.0. In addition, if such net leverage ratio is in excess of 3.5 to 1.0, the restriction on restricted payments is subject to various
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
exceptions, including the total aggregate amount not exceeding the greater of (A) $250 million and (B) 50.0% of EBITDA for the most recently ended four fiscal quarter period ended immediately prior to such date for which internal financial statements are available. The Company is in compliance with its debt covenants for the 4.625% Senior Notes as of March 31, 2024.
Cumulatively as of March 31, 2024, the Company has repurchased approximately $290 million in aggregate principal of its 4.625% Senior Notes. There were no repurchases of 4.625% Senior Notes during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023.
1.75% Convertible Notes
On November 15, 2019, the Company issued $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% convertible senior notes due November 1, 2026 (the “1.75% Convertible Notes”). The Company received proceeds of $537.1 million in cash, net of purchasers’ discounts and commissions and other debt issuance costs. A portion of the net proceeds were used to pay off all amounts outstanding under the then-existing credit facility. The 1.75% Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year, beginning on May 1, 2020. The 1.75% Convertible Notes will mature on November 1, 2026, unless earlier converted or repurchased.
Holders may surrender their 1.75% Convertible Notes for conversion at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding July 1, 2026 only under the following circumstances: (i) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding the calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the applicable conversion price of the 1.75% Convertible Notes on each such applicable trading day; (ii) during the five business day period following any 10 consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the applicable conversion rate on each such trading day; or (iii) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after July 1, 2026, and prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. The Company will settle conversions of the 1.75% Convertible Notes by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof at the Company’s election. The Company currently intends to satisfy its conversion obligation by paying and delivering a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. Holders of the notes will have the right to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their notes upon the occurrence of certain corporate events, subject to certain conditions. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the market trigger conditions did not meet the conversion requirements of the 1.75% Convertible Notes and, accordingly, the 1.75% Convertible Notes are classified as long-term debt on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of March 31, 2024, the conversion rate is 9.3783 shares of the Company’s common stock for each $1,000 principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Notes (or 5,158,071 shares), which represents a conversion price of approximately $106.63 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment for certain events as set forth in the indenture governing the 1.75% Convertible Notes, but will not be adjusted for accrued interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the 1.75% Convertible Note Indenture), the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 1.75% Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event in certain circumstances.
The Company may not redeem the 1.75% Convertible Notes prior to November 1, 2026, and no sinking fund is provided for the 1.75% Convertible Notes.
The 1.75% Convertible Notes are the Company’s general senior unsecured obligations and rank: (i) senior in right of payment to any of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 1.75% Convertible Notes; (ii) equal in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is not so subordinated; (iii) effectively junior to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
The following table provides the components of interest expense related to the 1.75% Convertible Notes (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Contractual interest expense | $ | 2,406 |  |  | $ | 2,406 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred issuance costs | 470 |  |  | 466 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest expense related to 1.75% Convertible Notes | $ | 2,876 |  |  | $ | 2,872 |  |  |  |  |

Accounting for the 1.75% Convertible Notes
In connection with the issuance of the 1.75% Convertible Notes, the Company incurred $12.9 million in deferred issuance costs, which primarily consisted of the underwriters’ discount, legal and other professional service fees. Of the total deferred issuance costs incurred, $10.1 million was attributable to the liability component and is being amortized at an effective interest rate of 5.5%, to interest expense through the maturity date. The remaining $2.8 million of the deferred issuance costs was netted with the equity component in additional paid-in capital at the issuance date. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective approach, the Company reclassified the $2.8 million from additional paid-in-capital to long-term liability and recorded a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings for amortization from the issuance date through January 1, 2022.
Credit Agreement
On April 7, 2021, the Company entered into a $100.0 million credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). Subject to certain conditions and approvals, the Company may, from time to time, request increases in the commitments under the Credit Agreement in an aggregate amount up to $250.0 million, for a total aggregate commitment of up to $350.0 million. The final maturity of the credit facility will occur on April 7, 2026.
At the Company’s option, amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at either (i) a base rate equal to the greater of (x) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) in effect on such day plus 0.5% per annum, (y) the rate of interest per annum most recently announced by the Agent (as defined in the Credit Agreement) as its U.S. Dollar “Reference Rate” and (z) one month Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus a credit spread adjustment plus 1.00% or (ii) a rate per annum equal to Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment, in each case, plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin relating to any base rate loan will range from 0.50% to 1.25% and the applicable margin relating to any Term SOFR loan will range from 1.50% to 2.25%, in each case, depending on the total leverage ratio of the Company. The Company is permitted to make voluntary prepayments of the Credit Facility at any time without payment of a premium or penalty. The Credit Agreement is secured by an associated collateral agreement that provides for a lien on the majority of the Company’s assets and the assets of the guarantors, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. As of March 31, 2024, there were no amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
The Credit Agreement contains financial maintenance covenants, including (i) a maximum total leverage ratio as of the last date of any fiscal quarter not to exceed 4.00:1.00 for the Company and its restricted subsidiaries and (ii) a minimum interest coverage ratio as of the last date of any fiscal quarter not less than 3.00:1.00 for the Company and its restricted subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement also contains restrictive covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness, create, incur or assume liens, consolidate, merge, liquidate or dissolve, pay dividends or make other distributions or other restricted payments, make or hold certain investments, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, sell assets other than on terms specified by the Credit Agreement, amend the terms of certain other indebtedness and organizational documents, and change their lines of business and fiscal years, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. The Credit Agreement also sets forth customary events of default, including, among other things, the failure to make timely payments under the credit facility, the failure to satisfy certain covenants, cross-default and cross-acceleration to other material debt for borrowed money, the occurrence of a change of control, and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency. The Company is in compliance with its debt covenants for the Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2024.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
8.Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments including those related to cloud computing, information technology, security, and information and document management. The Company also has revenue sharing arrangements with annual minimum guarantees based upon third-party website advertising metrics and other contractual provisions.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company and its affiliates are involved in litigation and other legal disputes or regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of business. Any claims or regulatory actions against the Company and its affiliates, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming and costly, and could divert significant operational resources. The outcomes of such matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, carrying the potential for unfavorable rulings that could include monetary damages and injunctive relief.
On July 8, 2020, Jeffrey Garcia filed a putative class action lawsuit against the Company in the Central District of California (20-cv-06096), alleging violations of federal securities laws. The court appointed a lead plaintiff. The Company moved to dismiss the consolidated class action complaint. The court granted the motion to dismiss and the plaintiff filed an amended complaint. The Company moved to dismiss the amended complaint. On August 8, 2022, the court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the amended complaint without leave to amend. The lead plaintiff appealed the dismissal. On April 19, 2024, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal.
On December 11, 2020, Danning Huang filed a lawsuit in the District of Delaware (20-cv-01687-LPS) asserting derivative claims against directors of the Company and other third parties. The lawsuit alleges violations of Section 14(a), Section 10(b), Section 20(a) and Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and abuse of control.
On March 24, 2021, Fritz Ringling filed a lawsuit in the District of Delaware (21-cv-00421-UNA) asserting substantially similar derivative claims, and on April 8, 2021, the district court consolidated the two actions under the caption In re J2 Global Stockholder Derivative Litigation. No.: 20-cv-01687-LPS. As part of the settlement of the Chancery Court Derivative Action described above, the Company and its directors and officers intend to defend against the remaining claims in these other actions.
The Company does not believe, based on current knowledge, that the foregoing legal proceedings or claims, after giving effect to existing accrued liabilities, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, depending on the amount and timing, an unfavorable resolution of some or all of these matters could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a particular period.
The Company has not accrued for any material loss contingencies relating to these legal proceedings because materially unfavorable outcomes are not considered probable by management. It is the Company’s policy to expense as incurred legal fees related to various litigations.
Non-Income Related Taxes
The Company does not collect and remit sales and use, telecommunication, or similar taxes and fees in certain jurisdictions where the Company believes such taxes are not applicable or legally required. Several states and other taxing jurisdictions have presented or threatened the Company with assessments, alleging that the Company is required to collect and remit such taxes there. The Company is currently under audit or is subject to audit for indirect taxes in various states, municipalities, and foreign jurisdictions. The Company recognizes a liability for these matters when it is probable that an obligation exists and the amount can be reasonably estimated based on all relevant information that is available at each reporting period.
The Company established reserves for these matters of $28.1 million as of each of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which are included in ‘Accounts payable’ and ‘Other long-term liabilities’ on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. It is reasonably possible that additional liabilities could be incurred resulting in additional expense, which could have a material impact to our financial results.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
9.Income Taxes
The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate adjusted for discrete interim period tax impacts. Each quarter the Company updates its estimated annual effective tax rate and, if the estimate changes, makes a cumulative adjustment. The Company’s effective tax rate was 42.2% and (65.6)% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was impacted disproportionately by the recognition of a valuation allowance against a portion of its U.S. capital loss carryforwards, which resulted in a discrete tax charge of $3.2 million.
The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was impacted disproportionately due to the unrealized loss on the Company’s investment in Consensus, net of the gain on investment, during the first quarter of 2023, which resulted in a discrete tax benefit of approximately $5.0 million. Additionally, the Company recognized a discrete tax benefit of approximately $1.0 million related to the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $36.6 million and $36.1 million, respectively, in liabilities for uncertain income tax positions included in ‘Other long-term liabilities’ on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in income tax expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Certain taxes are prepaid during the year and, where appropriate, included in ‘Prepaid expenses and other current assets’ in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s prepaid taxes were $3.4 million and $4.7 million, respectively.
10.Stockholders’ Equity
On August 6, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program authorizing the repurchase of up to ten million shares of the Company’s common stock through August 6, 2025 (the “2020 Program”). The Company entered into certain Rule 10b5-1 trading plans to execute repurchases under the 2020 Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, no shares were repurchased under the 2020 Program. Cumulatively as of March 31, 2024, 5,258,692 shares were repurchased under the 2020 Program, at an aggregate cost of $401.8 million (including excise tax). As a result of the repurchases, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for purchase as of March 31, 2024 was 4,741,308 shares.
Periodically, participants in the Company’s stock plans surrender to the Company shares of stock to pay the exercise price or to satisfy tax withholding obligations arising upon the exercise of stock options or the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company purchased and retired 58,237 and 36,652 shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $3.9 million and $2.9 million, resp ectively, from plan participants for this purpose.
11.Share-Based Compensation
The Company’s share-based compensation plans include the 2015 Stock Option Plan (the “2015 Plan”) and 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”). Each plan is described below.
The 2015 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance share units, and other share-based awards. 4,200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock are authorized to be used for 2015 Plan purposes. Options under the 2015 Plan may be granted at exercise prices determined by the Board of Directors, provided that the exercise prices shall not be less than the higher of the par value or 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock subject to the option on the date the option is granted. As of March 31, 2024, 435,135 shares underlying options and 726,367 shares of restricted stock units were outstanding under the 2015 Plan. At March 31, 2024, there were 126,565 additional shares underlying options, shares of restricted stock and other share-based awards available for grant under the 2015 Plan.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following table presents the effects of share-based compensation expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the periods presented (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Direct costs | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 758 |  |  | 924 |  |  |  |  |
Research, development, and engineering | 1,090 |  |  | 783 |  |  |  |  |
General, administrative, and other related costs | 6,963 |  |  | 6,619 |  |  |  |  |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 8,872 |  |  | $ | 8,402 |  |  |  |  |

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
The Company has awarded restricted stock and restricted stock units to its Board of Directors and senior staff pursuant to certain share-based compensation plans. Compensation expense resulting from restricted stock and restricted unit grants is measured at fair value on the date of grant and is recognized as share-based compensation expense over the applicable vesting period. Vesting periods are approximately one year for awards to members of the Company’s Board of Directors, generally three to four years for senior staff (excluding market-based awards discussed below) and three to eight years for the Chief Executive Officer. The Company granted 347,275 and 271,614 shares of restricted stock units (excluding awards with market conditions below) (“RSUs”) during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The Company has awarded certain key employees market-based restricted stock (“PSAs”) and market-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) pursuant to the 2015 Plan. Market-based awards granted prior to 2024 have vesting conditions that are based on specified stock price targets of the Company’s common stock. Market conditions were factored into the grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo valuation model, which utilized multiple input variables to determine the probability of the Company achieving the specified stock price targets with a 20-day and 30-day look back (trading days). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company awarded 167,606 PSUs at stock price targets ranging from $83.61 to $103.76 per share.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company awarded 308,970 equity classified PSUs that vest in shares of the Company’s stock ranging from 0% to 200% of the award based on the Company’s attainment of a relative Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) target compared to the TSR of all listed companies in a market index over the respective one, two, and three-year performance periods. Market conditions were factored into the grant date fair value using a Monte Carlo valuation model, which utilized multiple input variables to determine the probability of the Company and all listed companies in a market index achieving the relative TSR targets.
Share-based compensation expense related to an award with a market condition will be recognized over the requisite service period using the graded-vesting method regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied, provided that the requisite service period has been completed.
The per share weighted average grant-date fair value for the PSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $87.17 and $70.07, respectively.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
The assumptions used in determining the weighted-average fair values of PSUs granted are as follows:

| Three months ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Underlying stock price at valuation date | $ | 66.88 |  |  | $ | 77.80 |
Expected volatility | 32.9 | % |  | 32.0 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 4.3 | % |  | 4.1 | %

Restricted stock award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is set forth below:

|  | RSAs |  | PSAs
|  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2024 |  | 95,718 |  | $ | 70.17 |  |  | 163,181 |  | $ | 36.27 |
Vested |  | (36,330) |  |  | 70.92 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  | (154) |  |  | 77.75 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Nonvested at March 31, 2024 |  | 59,234 |  |  | $ | 69.69 |  |  | 163,181 |  |  | $ | 36.27 |

Restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is set forth below:

| RSUs |  | PSUs
| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares (1) |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2024 | 506,425 |  |  | $ | 88.36 |  |  | 270,772 |  |  | $ | 77.09 |
Granted | 347,275 |  |  | 66.87 |  | 308,970 |  |  | 87.17
Vested | (114,635) |  |  | 86.29 |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (12,698) |  |  | 82.28 |  | (6,015) |  |  | 75.96
Outstanding at March 31, 2024 | 726,367 |  |  | $ | 78.49 |  |  | 573,727 |  |  | $ | 82.53 |

(1)Represents the number of shares at 100% achievement.
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation cost of approximately $84.1 million associated with these restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years for RSAs and PSAs and 2.6 years for RSUs and PSUs.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
12.Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

| Three months ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Numerator for basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 10,627 |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,627) |  |  |
Plus: 1.75% Convertible Notes interest expense (after-tax) | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Net income (loss) available to the Company’s common shareholders | $ | 10,627 |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,627) |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted-average outstanding shares of common stock | 45,860,033 |  |  |  |  | 46,987,249 |  |  |
Diluted effect of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity incentive plans | 95,332 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Convertible debt | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares of common stock | 45,955,365 |  |  |  |  | 46,987,249 |  |  |
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.23 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.16) |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.23 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.16) |  |  |

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were 846,160 and 1,830,097 shares, respectively, of stock options and restricted stock excluded from the calculation of diluted shares as they were anti-dilutive primarily due to the average stock price during the 2024 period and the net loss during the 2023 period. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, 5,158,071, shares related to convertible debt were excluded from diluted shares because they were anti-dilutive under the if-converted method for the diluted net income per share calculation of the convertible debt instrument.
13.Segment Information
The Company’s businesses are based on the organizational structure used by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company aggregates its operating segments into two reportable segments: Digital Media and Cybersecurity and Martech.
The accounting policies of the businesses are the same as those described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024. The Company evaluates performance based on revenue and profit or loss from operations.
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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to income from operations is as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | Three months ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue by reportable segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Digital Media |  |  |  |  | $ | 239,052 |  |  | $ | 234,211 |
Cybersecurity and Martech |  |  |  |  | 75,452 |  |  | 73,016 |
Elimination of inter-segment revenues (1) |  |  |  |  | (19) |  |  | (85) |
Total segment revenues |  |  |  |  | 314,485 |  |  | 307,142 |
Corporate |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 314,485 |  |  | $ | 307,142 |
Operating costs and expenses by reportable segment (3): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Digital Media |  |  |  |  | 207,447 |  |  | 205,742 |
Cybersecurity and Martech |  |  |  |  | 56,043 |  |  | 61,413 |
Elimination of inter-segment operating expenses |  |  |  |  | (19) |  |  | (85) |
Total segment operating expenses |  |  |  |  | 263,471 |  |  | 267,070 |
Corporate (2) |  |  |  |  | 15,153 |  |  | 13,757 |
Total operating costs and expenses |  |  |  |  | 278,624 |  |  | 280,827 |
Operating income by reportable segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Digital Media operating income |  |  |  |  | 31,605 |  |  | 28,469 |
Cybersecurity and Martech operating income |  |  |  |  | 19,409 |  |  | 11,603 |
Total segment operating income |  |  |  |  | 51,014 |  |  | 40,072 |
Corporate (2) |  |  |  |  | (15,153) |  |  | (13,757) |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  | $ | 35,861 |  |  | $ | 26,315 |

(1)Inter-segment revenues relate to the Digital Media reportable segment.
(2)Corporate includes costs associated with general, administrative, and other related costs that are managed on a global basis and that are not directly attributable to any particular segment.
(3)Operating expenses for each segment include direct costs and other operating expenses that are directly attributable to the segment, such as employee compensation expense, sales and marketing expenses, engineering and network operations expense, depreciation and amortization, and other administrative expenses.
14.Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental data (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Interest paid | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds | $ | 6,511 |  |  | $ | 5,329 |

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ZIFF DAVIS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued
15.Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive loss (income), net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

| Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024 | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | (72,157) |  |  | $ | (71,620) |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (63) |  |  | (6,530) |  |  | (6,593) |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | (78,687) |  |  | $ | (78,213) |

There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
16. Subsequent Event
On March 22, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Ziff Davis, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”), subject to stockholders’ approval, to replace the 2015 Plan, which stockholders previously approved and which was set to expire on February 10, 2025, in accordance with its terms. On May 7, 2024, at the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders, the 2024 Plan was approved by the stockholders of the Company and will expire on March 21, 2034, unless earlier terminated by the Board of Directors. As a result, the 2015 Plan was terminated effective May 7, 2024.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Information
In addition to historical information, certain statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be forward-looking statements, including statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of the Company. These statements may include those concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business, strategy and current and future acquisitions, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based. These statements are based on our estimates and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally are identified by use of the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “hopes,” “may,” “will,” “seeks,” “protects,” “potential,” “predicts,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “would,” “could,” “should,” or similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. For those statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including but not limited to those discussed below, the risk factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A - “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (if any) and in Part I, Item 1A - “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (together, the “Risk Factors”), the factors discussed in Part I, Item 3 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and any risks and uncertainties identified in our other filings with the SEC, as such risks, uncertainties and other important factors may be updated from time to time in our subsequent reports. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions and speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to revise, update or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, unless required by law.
Some factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, our ability and intention to:
◦Sustain growth or profitability, particularly in light of an uncertain U.S. or worldwide economy, including the possibility of an economic downturn or recession, continuing inflation, supply chain disruptions, and other factors and their related impacts on customer acquisition and retention rates, customer usage levels, and credit and debit card payment declines;
◦Maintain and increase our customer base and average revenue per user;
◦Generate sufficient cash flow to make interest and debt payments, reinvest in our business, and pursue desired activities and businesses plans while satisfying restrictive covenants relating to debt obligations;
◦Acquire businesses on acceptable terms, execute on our investment strategies, successfully manage our growth, and integrate and realize anticipated synergies from such acquisitions;
◦Continue to expand our businesses and operations internationally in the wake of numerous risks, including adverse currency fluctuations, difficulty in staffing and managing international operations, higher operating costs as a percentage of revenues, or the implementation of adverse regulations;
◦Maintain our financial position, operating results and cash flows in the event that we incur new or unanticipated costs or tax liabilities, including those relating to federal and state income tax and indirect taxes, such as sales, value-added, and telecommunication taxes;
◦Manage certain risks related to the unauthorized use of our content and the infringement of our intellectual property rights by developers and users of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”);
◦Prevent system failures, security breaches, and other technological issues;
◦Accurately estimate the assumptions underlying our effective worldwide tax rate;
◦Maintain favorable relationships with critical third-party vendors that are financially stable;
◦Create compelling digital media content facilitating increased traffic and advertising levels and additional advertisers or an increase in advertising spend, and effectively target digital media advertisements to desired audiences;
◦Manage certain risks inherent to our business, such as costs associated with fraudulent activity, system failure, or security breach; effectively maintaining and managing our billing systems; the time and resources required to
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manage our legal proceedings; liability for legal and other claims; or adhering to our internal controls and procedures;
◦Compete with other similar providers with regard to price, service, and functionality;
◦Achieve business and financial objectives in light of burdensome domestic and international telecommunications, internet, or other regulations, including regulations related to data privacy, access, security, retention, and sharing;
◦Successfully adapt to technological changes and diversify services and related revenues at acceptable levels of financial return;
◦Successfully develop and protect our intellectual property, both domestically and internationally, including our brands, content, copyrights, patents, trademarks, and domain names from infringement by third parties, and avoid infringing upon the proprietary rights of others;
◦Manage certain risks associated with environmental, social, and governmental matters, including related reporting obligations, that could adversely affect our reputation and performance;
◦Recruit and retain key personnel and maintain the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture globally;
◦Meet our publicly announced guidance or other expectations about our business and future operating results; and
◦Avoid disruptions to our operations, financial position, and reputation as a result of the collapse of certain banks and potentially other financial institutions.
In addition, other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements or materially impact our financial results include the risks associated with new accounting pronouncements, as well as those associated with natural disasters, public health crises, pandemics, and other catastrophic events outside of our control.
Overview
Ziff Davis, Inc. was incorporated in 2014 as a Delaware corporation through the creation of a holding company structure. Ziff Davis, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Ziff Davis”, “the Company”, “our”, “us” or “we”), is a vertically focused digital media and internet company whose portfolio includes brands in technology, shopping, gaming and entertainment, connectivity, health and wellness, cybersecurity, and martech. Our Digital Media business specializes in the technology, shopping, gaming and entertainment, connectivity and healthcare markets, offering content, tools, and services to consumers and businesses. Our Cybersecurity and Martech business provides cloud-based subscription and license services to consumers and businesses including cybersecurity, privacy, and marketing technology.
Our consolidated revenues are currently generated primarily from two basic business models, each with different financial profiles and variability. Our Digital Media business is driven primarily by advertising revenues, has relatively higher sales and marketing expense, and has seasonal strength in the fourth quarter. Our Cybersecurity and Martech business is driven primarily by subscription revenues with relatively stable and predictable margins from quarter to quarter. In addition to growing our business organically, on a regular basis we acquire businesses to grow our customer bases, expand and diversify our service offerings, enhance our technologies, acquire skilled personnel, and enter into new markets. We continue to pursue additional acquisitions, which may include companies operating under business models that differ from those we operate under today. Such acquisitions could impact our consolidated profit margins and the variability of our revenues.
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Revenue Overview
Revenues from customers classified by revenue source are as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Digital Media |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising and performance marketing | $ | 156,096 |  |  | $ | 156,082 |  |  |  |  |
Subscription and licensing | 73,467 |  |  | 69,148 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 9,489 |  |  | 8,981 |  |  |  |  |
Total Digital Media revenues | $ | 239,052 |  |  | $ | 234,211 |  |  |  |  |
Cybersecurity and Martech |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscription and licensing | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | 73,016 |  |  |  |  |
Total Cybersecurity and Martech revenues | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | 73,016 |  |  |  |  |
Elimination of inter-segment revenues | (19) |  |  | (85) |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenues | $ | 314,485 |  |  | $ | 307,142 |  |  |  |  |

Performance Metrics
We use certain metrics to generally assess the operational and financial performance of our businesses. For our advertising and performance marketing businesses, net advertising revenue retention is an indicator of our ability to retain the spend of our existing customers year over year, which we view as a reflection of the effectiveness of our advertising platform. Similarly, we monitor the number of our customers and the revenue per customer, as defined below, as these metrics provide further details related to our reported revenue and contribute to certain of our business planning decisions.
The following table sets forth certain key operating metrics for our Digital Media advertising and performance marketing business for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

| Three months ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Net advertising and performance marketing revenue retention (1) | 91.6% |  | 91.2%
Customers (2) | 1,631 |  | 1,737
Quarterly revenue per customer (3) | $95,695 |  | $89,857

(1) Net advertising and performance marketing revenue retention equals (i) the trailing twelve months revenue recognized related to prior year customers in the current year period (excluding revenue from acquisitions during the stub period) divided by (ii) the trailing twelve months revenue recognized related to prior year customers in the prior year period (excluding revenue from acquisitions during the stub period). This excludes customers that generated less than $10,000 of revenue in the measurement period.
(2) Excludes customers that spent less than $2,500 in the quarter.
(3) Represents total gross quarterly advertising and performance marketing revenues divided by customers as defined in footnote (2).
For our subscription and licensing businesses, the number of subscribers that we serve is an indicator of our customer retention and growth. The average monthly revenue per customer and the churn rate also contribute to insights that contribute to certain of our business planning decisions.
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The following table sets forth certain key operating metrics for our Digital Media and Cybersecurity and Martech subscription and licensing businesses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

| Three months ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 (4)
Customers (in thousands) (1) | 3,343 |  | 3,175
Average quarterly revenue per customer (2) | $44.55 |  | $44.78
Churn rate (3) | 3.09% |  | 3.30%

(1) Represents the quarterly average of the end of month customer counts for both the Digital Media and Cybersecurity and Martech businesses. Resellers without visibility into the number of underlying customers served by the reseller are counted as one customer.
(2)Represents quarterly gross subscription and licensing revenues divided by customers as defined in footnote (1).
(3)Churn rate is calculated as (i) the average revenue per customer in the prior month multiplied by the number of cancellations in the current month, calculated at each business and aggregated; divided by (ii) subscription and licensing revenue in the current month, calculated at each business and aggregated. For Ookla, the churn rate calculation included in the consolidated churn rate calculation includes the sum of the monthly revenue from the specific cancelled agreements in the numerator.
(4)Certain prior period key performance metrics in the table above have been adjusted for our Cybersecurity and Martech segment as a result of gaining greater transparency into a reseller relationship enabling us to identify the underlying customers and for our Digital Media segment to remove certain subscribers who have paused their subscription for more than one month and to include certain subscribers that are within the estimated active usage period of a lifetime subscription. The following table summarizes the adjustments made to previously reported amounts.

| Three months ended March 31, 2023
Customers (in thousands) | 159 |
Average quarterly revenue per customer | $ | (2.36) |
Churn rate | 0.02 | %

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In the ordinary course of business, we have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of results of operations and financial condition in the preparation of our financial statements. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Our critical accounting policies are described in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates. See Note 1 — Basis of Presentation and Overview in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional description of significant accounting policies of the Company.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Digital Media
We expect our Digital Media business to improve as we integrate our recent acquisitions and over the longer term as advertising transactions continue to shift from offline to online, and we continue to expand our advertising platforms. The main focus of our platform monetization programs is to provide relevant and useful advertising to visitors to our websites, provide meaningful content that informs and shapes purchase intent, and leverage our brand and editorial assets into subscription platforms. As a result, we expect to continue to take steps to improve the relevance of the ads displayed on our websites and those included within our advertising networks, and improve the effectiveness of our content in driving purchase decisions and subscriptions.
The operating margin we realize on revenues generated from ads placed on our websites is significantly higher than the operating margin we realize from revenues generated from those placed on third-party websites. Growth in advertising revenues from our websites has generally exceeded that from third-party websites. This trend has generally had a positive impact on our operating margins.
We expect acquisitions to remain an important component of our strategy and use of capital in this business; however, for a number of reasons, including macroeconomic conditions, in a given period, we may close greater or fewer acquisitions than in prior periods or acquisitions of greater or lesser significance than in prior periods. Moreover, future acquisitions of businesses with different business models, may impact Digital Media’s overall operating profit margins.
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Cybersecurity and Martech
The main focus of our Cybersecurity and Martech service offerings is to reduce or eliminate costs, increase sales and enhance productivity, mobility, business continuity, and security of our customers as the technologies and devices they use evolve over time. As a result, we expect to continue to take steps to enhance our existing offerings and offer new services to continue to satisfy the evolving needs of our customers.
We expect acquisitions to remain an important component of our strategy and use of capital in this business; however, for a number of reasons, including macroeconomic conditions, in a given period, we may close greater or fewer acquisitions than in prior periods or acquisitions of greater or lesser significance than in prior periods. Moreover, future acquisitions of businesses with different business models, may impact Cybersecurity and Martech’s overall operating profit margins.
Revenues

(in thousands, except percentages) | Three months ended March 31, |  | Percentage Change |  |  |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 314,485 |  |  | $ | 307,142 |  |  | 2.4% |  |  |  |  |  |

Our revenues consist of revenues from our Digital Media business and our Cybersecurity and Martech business. Digital Media revenues primarily consist of advertising and performance marketing revenues and subscription and licensing revenue earned through the granting of access to, or delivery of, certain data products or services to customers, fees paid for generating business leads, and licensing and sale of editorial content and trademarks. Cybersecurity and Martech revenues primarily consist of revenues from “fixed” customer subscription revenues and “variable” revenues generated from actual usage of our services.
Our revenues increased during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period primarily due to a $4.3 million increase in subscription and licensing revenue in our Digital Media business and a $2.5 million increase in subscription and licensing revenue in our Cybersecurity and Martech business. Included in revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $7.8 million of incremental revenue contributed by businesses acquired in 2023 and 2024. The Company considers revenue from an acquired business to become organic revenue in the first month in which the Company can compare that full month in the current year against the corresponding full month under its ownership in the prior year.
Direct costs

(in thousands, except percentages) | Three months ended March 31, |  | Percentage Change |  |  |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct costs | $ | 47,067 |  |  | $ | 45,730 |  |  | 2.9% |  |  |  |  |  |
As a percent of revenue | 15.0 | % |  | 14.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Direct costs primarily consist of costs associated with content fees, production costs, royalty fees, and hosting costs. The increase in direct costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in web and database hosting fees and a $1.1 million increase in merchant fees, partially offset by a $1.4 million decrease in depreciation and amortization costs and a $0.9 million decrease in advertising inventory costs.
Sales and Marketing

(in thousands, except percentages) | Three months ended March 31, |  | Percentage Change |  |  |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | $ | 117,000 |  |  | $ | 115,920 |  |  | 0.9% |  |  |  |  |  |
As a percent of revenue | 37.2 | % |  | 37.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Sales and marketing costs consist primarily of internet-based advertising, sales and marketing, personnel costs, and other business development-related expenses. Our internet-based advertising relationships consist primarily of fixed cost and performance-based (cost-per-impression, cost-per-click and cost-per-acquisition) advertising relationships with an array of online service providers. The increase in sales and marketing expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period was primarily due to $2.1 million higher personnel-related expenses and $1.4 million higher expenses for software purchases, partially offset by $2.7 million lower marketing expenses.
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Research, Development, and Engineering

(in thousands, except percentages) | Three months ended March 31, |  | Percentage Change |  |  |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Research, development, and engineering | $ | 17,774 |  |  | $ | 17,914 |  |  | (0.8)% |  |  |  |  |  |
As a percent of revenue | 5.7 | % |  | 5.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Research, development, and engineering costs consist primarily of personnel-related expenses. The decrease in research, development, and engineering costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period was primarily due to lower personnel related costs due primarily to an increase in capitalized costs related to the nature of the projects in 2024 compared to 2023, partially offset by an increase in related consulting and professional fees.
General, Administrative, and Other Related Costs

(in thousands, except percentages) | Three months ended March 31, |  | Percentage Change |  |  |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
General, administrative, and other related costs | $ | 96,783 |  |  | $ | 101,263 |  |  | (4.4)% |  |  |  |  |  |
As a percent of revenue | 30.8% |  | 33.0% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Our general, administrative, and other related costs consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, depreciation and amortization, changes in the fair value associated with contingent consideration, share-based compensation expense, bad debt expense, professional fees, severance, and insurance costs. The decrease in general, administrative, and other related costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily due to a $4.6 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense.
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The following table presents the effects of share-based compensation expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the periods presented (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Direct costs | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing | 758 |  |  | 924 |  |  |  |  |
Research, development, and engineering | 1,090 |  |  | 783 |  |  |  |  |
General, administrative, and other related costs | 6,963 |  |  | 6,619 |  |  |  |  |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 8,872 |  |  | $ | 8,402 |  |  |  |  |

Non-Operating Income and Expenses
The following table represents the components of non-operating income and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Percentage Change |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | (1,769) |  |  | $ | (4,480) |  |  | (60.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss on sale of businesses | (3,780) |  |  | — |  |  | (100%) |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on short-term investments held at the reporting date, net | (10,705) |  |  | (20,345) |  |  | (47.4) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on investments, net | — |  |  | 357 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Other loss, net | (104) |  |  | (908) |  |  | (88.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Total non-operating expense | $ | (16,358) |  |  | $ | (25,376) |  |  | (35.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |

Interest expense, net. Interest expense is generated primarily from interest due on outstanding debt, partially offset by interest income generated from interest earned on cash, cash equivalents, and investments. Interest expense, net was $1.8 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Interest expense, net decreased
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during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period primarily due to higher interest income as a result of higher interest rates.
Loss on sale of business. Loss on sale of business during the three months ended March 31, 2024 represents the loss on disposal of an international asset at Digital Media within the shopping vertical.
Unrealized loss on short-term investments held at the reporting date, net. Unrealized loss on short-term investment held at the reporting date, net was $10.7 million and $20.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The unrealized loss recorded during the periods presented represents the change in fair value of our investment in Consensus common stock.
Gain on investments, net. Gain on investments, net is generated from gains from investments in equity and debt securities. Gain on investments, net was zero and $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Gain on investments, net recorded during the first quarter of 2023 was related to the disposition of Consensus common stock.
Other loss, net. Other loss, net is generated primarily from miscellaneous items and gains or losses on foreign currency. Other loss, net was $0.1 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily attributable to changes in gains or losses on foreign currency.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate is based on pre-tax income, statutory tax rates, tax regulations (including those related to transfer pricing), and different tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. The tax bases of our assets and liabilities reflect our best estimate of the tax benefits and costs we expect to realize. When necessary, we establish valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that will more likely than not be realized.
Provision for income taxes amounted to income tax expense of $8.2 million and income tax benefit of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 42.2% and (65.6)% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The increase in our effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily attributable to the following:
1.an increase in our effective income tax rate during 2024 due to the recognition of a valuation allowance against a portion of our U.S. capital loss carryforwards, which resulted in a discrete tax charge of $3.2 million;
2.an increase in our effective income tax rate due to a decrease in the amount of unrealized losses recognized on our investment in Consensus common stock, which resulted in a lower tax benefit during the three months ended March 31, 2024; and
3.an increase in our effective income tax rate during 2024 due to a $1.0 million tax benefit recognized in 2023 related to the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions with no similar event during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and in evaluating our tax positions on a worldwide basis. We believe our tax positions, including intercompany transfer pricing policies, are consistent with the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Certain of these tax positions have in the past been, and are currently being, challenged, and this may have a significant impact on our effective tax rate if our tax reserves are insufficient.
Equity Method Investment
Loss from equity method investment, net. Loss from equity method investment was generated from our investment in the OCV Fund I, LP (the “OCV Fund”) for which we receive annual audited financial statements. The investment in the OCV Fund is presented net of tax and on a one-quarter lag due to the timing and availability of financial information from OCV. If the Company becomes aware of a significant decline in value that is other-than-temporary, the loss will be recorded in the period in which the Company identifies the decline.
Loss from equity method investment was $0.6 million and $9.2 million, net of tax benefit, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in loss from equity method investment, net during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily due to a smaller decline in the value of the underlying investments.
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Digital Media and Cybersecurity and Martech Results
Our businesses are based on the organization structure used by management for making operating and investment decisions and for assessing performance and have been aggregated into two reportable segments: (i) Digital Media and (ii) Cybersecurity and Martech.
We evaluate the performance of our segments based on revenues, including both external and inter-business net sales, and operating income. We account for inter-business sales and transfers based primarily on standard costs with reasonable mark-ups established between the businesses. Identifiable assets by business are those assets used in the respective business’ operations. Corporate assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, deferred income taxes, and certain other assets. All significant inter-business amounts are eliminated to arrive at our consolidated financial results.
Digital Media
The financial results are presented as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 239,033 |  |  | $ | 234,126 |  |  |  |  |
Inter-business revenue | 19 |  |  | 85 |  |  |  |  |
Total | 239,052 |  |  | 234,211 |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs and expenses | 207,447 |  |  | 205,742 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 31,605 |  |  | $ | 28,469 |  |  |  |  |

Digital Media’s net sales of $239.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $4.9 million, or 2.1%, compared to the prior period primarily due to $7.8 million of incremental revenue contributed by businesses acquired in 2023 and 2024, partially offset by an organic decline in other businesses.
Digital Media’s operating costs and expenses of $207.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $1.7 million, or 0.8%, compared to the prior period primarily due to higher direct costs and sales and marketing expenses, partially offset by lower general, administrative, and related costs.
As a result of these factors, Digital Media’s operating income of $31.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $3.1 million, or 11.0%, compared to the prior period.
Cybersecurity and Martech
The financial results are presented as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 75,452 |  |  | $ | 73,016 |  |  |  |  |
Inter-business revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total | 75,452 |  |  | 78,192 |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs and expenses | 56,043 |  |  | 61,413 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 19,409 |  |  | $ | 16,779 |  |  |  |  |

Cybersecurity and Martech’s net sales of $75.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $2.4 million, or 3.3%, compared to the prior period primarily due to the realization of functional intellectual property revenue in certain businesses during the period.
Cybersecurity and Martech’s operating costs and expenses of $56.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased $5.4 million, or 8.7% compared to the prior period primarily due to lower general, administrative, and related costs and direct costs.
As a result of these factors, Cybersecurity and Martech’s operating income of $19.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $2.6 million, or 15.7%.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows from operations and debt financing. We continue to invest in the development and expansion of our operations using available cash flows from operations. Ongoing investments include, but are not limited to, improvements in our offerings, investments in new products and services, acquisitions, and continued investments in sales and marketing. We also use cash flows from operations to service our debt obligations and the repurchase of our shares.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments consisted of (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 734,779 |  |  | $ | 737,612 |
Short-term investments | 16,404 |  |  | 27,109 |
Long-term investments | 139,964 |  |  | 140,906 |
Cash, cash equivalents and investments | $ | 891,147 |  |  | $ | 905,627 |

Cash, cash equivalents, and investments held within domestic and foreign jurisdictions were as follows (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Cash, cash equivalents and investments held in domestic jurisdiction | $ | 712,072 |  |  | $ | 742,010 |
Cash, cash equivalents and investments held in foreign jurisdiction | 179,075 |  |  | 163,617 |
Cash, cash equivalents and investments | $ | 891,147 |  |  | $ | 905,627 |

For information on short-term and long-term investments of the Company, refer to Note 4 — Investments in Part I Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
Financings
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no amounts drawn under the Credit Agreement.
Material Cash Requirements
Ziff Davis’ long-term contractual obligations generally include its long-term debt as described above, interest on long-term debt, lease payments on its property and equipment, and holdback amounts in connection with certain business acquisitions. These long-term contractual obligations extend through 2031.
As of March 31, 2024, we and our subsidiaries had outstanding $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of indebtedness. As of March 31, 2024, our total future minimum lease payments are $27.9 million of which approximately $12.8 million future minimum lease payments are due in the succeeding twelve months.
As of March 31, 2024, our liability for uncertain tax positions was $36.6 million. In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments including those related to cloud computing, information technology, security, and information and document management. The Company also has revenue sharing arrangements with annual minimum guarantees based upon third-party website advertising metrics and other contractual provisions.
We currently anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations, and availability under our revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for working capital, capital expenditures, and share repurchases, if any, for at least the next 12 months.
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Cash Flows
The following table provides a summary of cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  | Change
| 2024 |  | 2023 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 75,558 |  |  | $ | 115,307 |  |  | $ | (39,749) |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (71,481) |  |  | $ | (38,791) |  |  | $ | (32,690) |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (6,311) |  |  | $ | (9,483) |  |  | $ | 3,172 |

Operating Activities
Our net cash provided by operating activities resulted primarily from cash received from our customers offset by cash payments we made to third parties for their services, employee compensation, interest payments associated with our debt, and taxes. The $39.7 million decrease in net cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily related to increased payments to our vendors during the current period, partially offset by an increase in collections from our customers. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities includes the activities of TDS Gift Cards (“TDS”) from the date of the acquisition. TDS negatively impacted the Company’s net cash provided by operating activities by $39.1 million.
Investing Activities
The $32.7 million increase in net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily related to higher cash used on business acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the 2023 period, partially offset by proceeds received on the sale of an international asset at Digital Media within the shopping vertical and lower expenditures on property and equipment.
Financing Activities
The $3.2 million decrease in net cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the prior period was primarily related to lower payments made in connection with previously acquired businesses.
Stock Repurchase Program
On August 6, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a program authorizing the repurchase of up to ten million shares of our common stock through August 6, 2025 (the “2020 Program”). In connection with the authorization, the Company entered into certain Rule 10b5-1 trading plans with a broker-dealer to facilitate the repurchase program.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no shares were repurchased under the 2020 Program. As a result of the repurchases, to date, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for purchase under the 2020 Program as of March 31, 2024 was 4,741,308 shares. Refer to Note 10 — Stockholders’ Equity in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The following discussion of the market risks we face contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date hereof. Ziff Davis undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements. Readers should carefully review the risk factors described in this document and in the other documents incorporated by reference herein, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 as well as in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on Form 8-K filed or to be filed by us in 2024.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio and potential borrowings under our credit facility that would bear variable market interest rates. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve our principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve these objectives, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a mix of instruments that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy or otherwise approved by the Board of Directors. Our cash and cash equivalents are not subject to significant interest rate risk due to the short maturities of these instruments. As of March 31, 2024, the carrying value of our cash and cash equivalents approximated fair value. Our return on these investments is subject to interest rate fluctuations.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $734.8 million and $737.6 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalent investments primarily in funds that invest in U.S. treasuries, money market funds as well as demand deposit accounts with maturities within three months or less. Currently, we do not have interest rate risk on our outstanding long-term debt as these arrangements have fixed interest rates. As of March 31, 2024, the carrying value and the fair value of our fixed rate debt was $1.0 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively. This fixed rate debt matures as follows: $550.0 million in 2026 and $460.0 million in 2030. Interest rates have risen since these sources of financing were obtained, thus, we may not be able to refinance this fixed rate debt at similar rates when it matures. Further, our revolving credit agreement bears interest at variable rates. However, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we did not need to draw on this revolving credit agreement. If we need to draw on the revolving credit facility in the future, we will be exposed to interest rate changes. Refer to Note 5 — Fair Value Measurements and Note 7 — Debt to the Notes in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
We cannot ensure that future interest rate movements will not have a material adverse effect on our future business, prospects, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows. To date, we have not entered into interest rate hedging transactions to control or minimize certain of these risks.
Market Risk
Our investment in Consensus common stock, which has a carrying value of approximately $16.4 million as of March 31, 2024, is based upon the quoted market price of Consensus common stock. Our results of operations and financial condition have been and may be materially impacted by increases or decreases in the price of Consensus common stock, which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
(Losses) gains on the investment in Consensus common stock were as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Realized gain on securities sold during the period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss recognized during the period on equity securities held at the reporting date | $ | (10,705) |  |  | $ | (20,345) |  |  |  |  |

The carrying value of investment in Consensus common stock as of March 31, 2024 was $16.4 million, or approximately 0.4% of the Company’s consolidated total assets. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of Consensus common stock would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of approximately $2.1 million.
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Foreign Currency Risk
We conduct business in certain foreign markets, primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, the European Union, Japan, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Our principal exposure to foreign currency risk relates to investment and intercompany debt in foreign subsidiaries that transact business in functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, primarily the Canadian Dollar, the British Pound Sterling, the Australian Dollar, the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Danish Krone, the Swedish Krona, and the Norwegian Krone. If we are unable to settle our intercompany debts in a timely manner, we will remain exposed to foreign currency fluctuations.
As we expand our international presence, we become further exposed to foreign currency risk by entering new markets with additional foreign currencies. The economic impact of currency exchange rate movements is often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions, and other factors. These changes, if material, could cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies.
As currency exchange rates change, translation of the income statements of the international businesses into U.S. Dollars affects year-over-year comparability of operating results.
Historically, we have not hedged translation risks because cash flows from international operations were generally reinvested locally; however, we may do so in the future. Our objective in managing foreign exchange risk is to minimize the potential exposure to changes that exchange rates might have on earnings, cash flows, and financial position.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, foreign exchange losses amounted to zero and $0.8 million, respectively.
Cumulative translation adjustments, net of tax, included in other comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $6.5 million and $(3.7) million, respectively.
We currently do not have derivative financial instruments for hedging, speculative, or trading purposes and, therefore, are not subject to such hedging risk. However, we may in the future engage in hedging transactions to manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of March 31, 2024, under the supervision and with the participation of Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), management carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act), which occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
See discussion of legal proceedings in Note 8 — Commitments and Contingencies in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There has not been a material change in our risk factors since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On August 6, 2020, the Board approved a program authorizing the repurchase of up to ten million shares of our common stock through August 6, 2025 (the “2020 Program”). In connection with the authorization, the Company entered into certain Rule 10b5-1 trading plans with a broker-dealer to facilitate the repurchase program. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no shares were repurchased under the 2020 Program. See Note 10 — Stockholders’ Equity in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Cumulatively, as of March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 5,258,692 shares, under the 2020 Program, at an aggregate cost of $401.8 million (including excise tax), which were subsequently retired. See Note 10 — Stockholders’ Equity in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
As a result of the Company’s share repurchases, as of March 31, 2024, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for purchase under the 2020 Program was 4,741,308 shares.
The following table details the repurchases that were made under and outside the 2020 Program, on a trade date basis, during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share (2) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Program |  | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Program (3)
January 1, 2024 - January 31, 2024 |  | 14,995 |  |  | $ | 67.46 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,741,308 |
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024 |  | 248 |  |  | $ | 65.22 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,741,308 |
March 1, 2024 - March 31, 2024 |  | 42,994 |  |  | $ | 67.34 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,741,308 |
Total |  | 58,237 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4,741,308 |

(1)Includes shares surrendered to the Company to pay the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with employee stock options and/or the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees.
(2)Excludes the impact of excise taxes.
(3)As of the last day of the applicable month.
Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
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Item 5.Other Information
Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. Certain of our officers have made elections to participate in, and are participating in, our employee stock purchase plan and 401(k) plan and have made, and may from time to time make, elections to have shares withheld to cover withholding taxes or pay the exercise price of options, which may be designed to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act or may constitute non-Rule 10b5-1trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).
Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of J2 Global, Inc., dated as of June 10, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ziff Davis’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 10, 2014. (File No. 0-25965))
3.2 |  | Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of J2 Global, Inc., dated as of September 5, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ziff Davis’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 1, 2019 (File 0-25965))
3.3 |  | Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ziff Davis, Inc. dated as of October 7, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ziff Davis’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 8, 2021. (File No. 0-25965))
3.4 |  | Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Ziff Davis’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 10, 2023 (File No. 0-25965))
10.1* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Ziff Davis, Inc. 2015 Stock Option Plan (1)
10.2* |  | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Ziff Davis, Inc. 2015 Stock Option Plan (1)
10.3* |  | S eventh A mendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2024, among Ziff Davis, Inc., the Guarantors, the lenders party to the Amendment constituting Required Lenders and U. S. Bank National Association, as administrative agent for the Lenders.
31.1* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2* |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1** |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Periodic Financial Reports pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2** |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Periodic Financial Reports pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith,
(1) Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | ZIFF DAVIS, INC. |
|  | (registrant) |
Date: | May 9, 2024 | By: | /s/ VIVEK SHAH |
|  |  | Vivek Shah |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and a Director |
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |

Date: | May 9, 2024 | By: | /s/ BRET RICHTER |
|  |  | Bret Richter |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer) |

Date: | May 9, 2024 | By: | /s/ LAYTH TAKI |
|  |  | Layth Taki |
|  |  | Chief Accounting Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer) |

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