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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2024
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-38856
PAGERDUTY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________

Delaware |  | 27-2793871
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

600 Townsend St., Suite 200
San Francisco, CA 94103
(844) 800-3889
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
_________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.000005 par value |  | PD |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | x |  | Accelerated filer | o
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
The total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of May 29, 2024, was 95,600,016.

Table of Contents
PAGERDUTY, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss | 7
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 8
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 9
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 39
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 40

Part II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 41
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 41
Item 2 | Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 42
Item 5 | Other Information | 42
Item 6 | Exhibits | 42
| Signatures | 44

Table of Contents
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which statements involve substantial risk and uncertainties. All statements contained in this Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth and trends, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “likely,” “target,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about our expectations regarding:
•the impact of an economic downturn or recession, rising inflation or significant market volatility in the global economy on our customers, partners, employees and business;
•trends in key business metrics, including number of customers and dollar-based net retention rate, and non-GAAP financial measures and their usefulness in evaluating our business;
•trends in revenue, cost of revenue, and gross margin;
•trends in operating expenses, including research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expense, and expectations regarding these expenses as a percentage of revenue;
•our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by sales of our subscriptions being sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months and our ability to meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations, through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and available cash and short-term investment balances;
•our ability to effectively identify, acquire, and integrate complementary companies, technologies, and assets, including our ability to successfully integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning in our offerings;
•our ability to service the interest on our convertible notes and repay such notes, to the extent required;
•our efforts to maintain proper and effective internal controls;
•our ability to expand our operations and increase adoption of our platform internationally;
•our ability to stay abreast of new or modified laws and regulations that currently apply or become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally; and
•other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition, and prospects and business strategies.
Such forward-looking statements are based on our expectations as of the date of this filing and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, but not limited to, risks detailed in the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended January 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2024 (“Annual Report”). Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Form 10-Q and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the effect of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Form 10-Q may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Table of Contents
You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or may not occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, performance, or achievements. In addition, the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are made as of the date of this filing, and we do not undertake, and expressly disclaim any duty, to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Form 10-Q or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
PAGERDUTY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands) (unaudited)

| As of April 30, 2024 |  | As of January 31, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 382,541 |  |  | $ | 363,011 |
Investments | 210,242 |  |  | 208,178 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,142 and $1,382 as of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, respectively | 77,536 |  |  | 100,413 |
Deferred contract costs, current | 19,612 |  |  | 19,502 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 17,045 |  |  | 12,094 |
Total current assets | 706,976 |  |  | 703,198 |
Property and equipment, net | 17,400 |  |  | 17,632 |
Deferred contract costs, non-current | 24,532 |  |  | 25,118 |
Lease right-of-use assets | 2,943 |  |  | 3,789 |
Goodwill | 137,401 |  |  | 137,401 |
Intangible assets, net | 29,467 |  |  | 32,616 |
Other assets | 5,324 |  |  | 5,552 |
Total assets | $ | 924,043 |  |  | $ | 925,306 |
Liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 6,558 |  |  | $ | 6,242 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 12,893 |  |  | 15,472 |
Accrued compensation | 28,609 |  |  | 30,239 |
Deferred revenue, current | 219,571 |  |  | 223,522 |
Lease liabilities, current | 5,498 |  |  | 6,180 |
Total current liabilities | 273,129 |  |  | 281,655 |
Convertible senior notes, net | 448,667 |  |  | 448,030 |
Deferred revenue, non-current | 4,022 |  |  | 4,639 |
Lease liabilities, non-current | 5,979 |  |  | 6,809 |
Other liabilities | 4,209 |  |  | 5,280 |
Total liabilities | 736,006 |  |  | 746,413 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |
Redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3) | 14,004 |  |  | 7,293 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 794,842 |  |  | 774,768 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,235) |  |  | (733) |
Accumulated deficit | (569,574) |  |  | (552,435) |
Treasury stock | (50,000) |  |  | (50,000) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 174,033 |  |  | 171,600 |
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders’ equity | $ | 924,043 |  |  | $ | 925,306 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
5

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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue | $ | 111,172 |  |  | $ | 103,246 |
Cost of revenue | 19,343 |  |  | 17,936 |
Gross profit | 91,829 |  |  | 85,310 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |
Research and development | 37,523 |  |  | 33,508 |
Sales and marketing | 48,499 |  |  | 43,801 |
General and administrative | 27,540 |  |  | 23,801 |
Total operating expenses | 113,562 |  |  | 101,110 |
Loss from operations | (21,733) |  |  | (15,800) |
Interest income | 6,980 |  |  | 4,203 |
Interest expense | (2,148) |  |  | (1,334) |
Other expense, net | (251) |  |  | (13) |
Loss before (provision for) benefit from income taxes | (17,152) |  |  | (12,944) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes | (193) |  |  | 106 |
Net loss | $ | (17,345) |  |  | $ | (12,838) |
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | (206) |  |  | (620) |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. | $ | (17,139) |  |  | $ | (12,218) |
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | 6,917 |  |  | — |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | (24,056) |  |  | $ | (12,218) |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | (0.26) |  |  | $ | (0.13) |
Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted | 92,876 |  |  | 91,522 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6

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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Net loss | $ | (17,345) |  |  | $ | (12,838) |
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments | (564) |  |  | 380 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 62 |  |  | (66) |
Total comprehensive loss | $ | (17,847) |  |  | $ | (12,524) |
Less comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest: |  |  |
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | (206) |  |  | (620) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | — |  |  | 4 |
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | (206) |  |  | (616) |
Comprehensive loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. | $ | (17,641) |  |  | $ | (11,908) |

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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended April 30, 2024
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |
Balances as of January 31, 2024 | 95,068,187 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 774,768 |  |  | $ | (733) |  |  | $ | (552,435) |  |  | (2,331,002) |  |  | $ | (50,000) |  |  | $ | 171,600 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 41,875 |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee payroll taxes | 489,663 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,552) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,552) |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (502) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (502) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,252 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,252 |
Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,917) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,917) |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,139) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,139) |
Balances as of April 30, 2024 | 95,599,725 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 794,842 |  |  | $ | (1,235) |  |  | $ | (569,574) |  |  | (2,331,002) |  |  | $ | (50,000) |  |  | $ | 174,033 |

| Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |
Balances as of January 31, 2023 | 91,178,671 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 719,816 |  |  | $ | (1,592) |  |  | $ | (477,246) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 240,978 |
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 519,852 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,332 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,332 |
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee payroll taxes | 396,019 |  |  | — |  |  | (8,820) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,820) |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 314 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 314 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,890 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,890 |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,218) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,218) |
Balances as of April 30, 2023 | 92,094,542 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 743,218 |  |  | $ | (1,278) |  |  | $ | (489,464) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 252,476 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | (24,056) |  |  | $ | (12,218) |
Net loss and adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3) | 6,711 |  |  | (620) |
Net loss | (17,345) |  |  | (12,838) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 5,292 |  |  | 4,725 |
Amortization of deferred contract costs | 5,279 |  |  | 4,990 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 608 |  |  | 455 |
Stock-based compensation | 32,940 |  |  | 27,545 |
Non-cash lease expense | 846 |  |  | 1,176 |
Other | (1,302) |  |  | (852) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 22,716 |  |  | 30,003 |
Deferred contract costs | (4,805) |  |  | (3,372) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (4,813) |  |  | (2,207) |
Accounts payable | 268 |  |  | (1,206) |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | (3,435) |  |  | (244) |
Accrued compensation | (1,667) |  |  | (17,286) |
Deferred revenue | (4,423) |  |  | (7,246) |
Lease liabilities | (1,512) |  |  | (1,491) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 28,647 |  |  | 22,152 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (457) |  |  | (235) |
Capitalized internal-use software costs | (1,092) |  |  | (1,072) |
Purchases of available-for-sale investments | (50,065) |  |  | (39,085) |
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments | 46,556 |  |  | 48,955 |
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments | 2,237 |  |  | — |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (2,821) |  |  | 8,563 |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 291 |  |  | 4,751 |
Employee payroll taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units | (6,552) |  |  | (8,820) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (6,261) |  |  | (4,069) |
Effects of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (115) |  |  | (60) |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 19,450 |  |  | 26,586 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 366,667 |  |  | 274,019 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 386,117 |  |  | $ | 300,605 |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 382,541 |  |  | $ | 300,605 |
Restricted cash in other long-term assets | 3,576 |  |  | — |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 386,117 |  |  | $ | 300,605 |
Supplemental cash flow data: |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 78 |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 3,069 |  |  | $ | — |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment, accrued but not yet paid | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | 199 |
Stock-based compensation capitalized in internal use software | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 345 |
Unpaid bonus capitalized in internal use software | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 69 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
PagerDuty, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in May 2010.
PagerDuty is a digital operations management platform that manages urgent and mission-critical work for a modern, digital business. PagerDuty collects data and digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device and leverages powerful machine learning to correlate, process, and predict opportunities and issues. Using incident response, event management, and automation, the Company brings together the right people with the right information so they can resolve issues and act on opportunities in minutes or seconds from wherever they are.
As used herein, “PagerDuty”, “we”, “our”, “the Company” and similar terms include PagerDuty, Inc., unless the context indicates otherwise.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2024 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto as of and for the year ended January 31, 2024, included in the Annual Report.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the opinion of management, the information contained herein reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. The results of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending January 31, 2025 or for any other interim period, or for any future year.
The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2025, for example, refer to the fiscal year ending January 31, 2025.
Reclassification
Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations to conform to the current period presentation. The Company has reclassified a portion of other income to the interest income line item on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make, on an ongoing basis, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve the period of benefit for amortizing deferred contract costs, the determination of the fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, stock-based compensation, redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests, and estimates related to the Company’s revenue recognition, such as the assessment of performance obligations in the Company’s revenue arrangements and the fair value assigned to each performance obligation, among others. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions which management believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Concentrations of Risk and Significant Customers
The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investments, and accounts receivable. All of the Company’s cash equivalents and investments are invested in money market funds, United States (“U.S.”) Treasury securities, commercial paper, corporate debt securities, or U.S. Government agency securities that management believes to be of high credit quality. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale investments are spread across several different financial institutions.
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the total accounts receivable balance as of April 30, 2024 or January 31, 2024. No single customer represented 10% or more of revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2024 or 2023.
Segment Information
The Company manages its operations and allocates resources as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. Refer to Note 15, “Geographic Information” for information regarding the Company's long-lived assets and revenue by geography.
Related Party Transactions
Certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors serve as directors of, or are executive officers of, and in some cases are investors in, companies that are customers or vendors of the Company. The Company billed $4.0 million and $3.8 million to entities associated with related parties in the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recognized $4.0 million and $3.2 million in accounts receivable associated with related parties as of April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other related party transactions were not material for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023.
Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as compared to those described in the Annual Report.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Restricted Cash
The Company has classified cash that is not available for use in its operations as restricted cash. Restricted cash consists primarily of collateral for letters of credit related to security deposits for the Company’s office facility lease arrangements. As of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, the Company had restricted cash of $3.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively, all of which was classified as non-current.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This ASU expands public entities’ segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. All disclosure requirements under ASU 2023-07 are also required for public entities with a single reportable segment. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and requires retrospective application to all prior periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
3. Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest
In May 2022, the Company established a joint venture, PagerDuty K.K. The Company obtained a 51% controlling interest and has consolidated the financial results of the joint venture.
The agreements with the non-controlling interest holders of PagerDuty K.K. contain redemption features whereby the interest held by the non-controlling interest holders is redeemable either (i) at the option of the non-controlling interest holders or (ii) at the option of the Company, both beginning on the tenth anniversary of the initial capital contribution. The balance of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the greater of the initial carrying amount adjusted for the redeemable non-controlling interest's share of earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, or its redemption value, which is determined based on a prescribed formula derived from multiple metrics including the annual recurring revenue of PagerDuty K.K. The resulting changes in the estimated redemption amount are recorded with corresponding adjustments against additional paid-in-capital due to the absence of retained earnings. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is recorded on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as temporary equity.
The following table summarizes the activity in the redeemable non-controlling interest for the periods indicated below:
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 7,293 |  |  | $ | 1,108 |
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | (206) |  |  | (620) |
Adjustments to redeemable non-controlling interest | 6,917 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | — |  |  | 4 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 14,004 |  |  | $ | 492 |

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments consisted of the following:

| As of April 30, 2024 |  | As of January 31, 2024
| (in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |
Cash | $ | 50,282 |  |  | $ | 55,736 |
Money market funds | 325,781 |  |  | 305,283 |
Commercial paper | 5,480 |  |  | 994 |
U.S. Treasury securities | 998 |  |  | 998 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 382,541 |  |  | $ | 363,011 |
Available-for-sale investments: |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 56,683 |  |  | $ | 50,036 |
Commercial paper | 17,102 |  |  | 2,886 |
Corporate debt securities | 108,484 |  |  | 131,259 |
U.S. Government agency securities | 27,973 |  |  | 23,997 |
Total available-for-sale investments | $ | 210,242 |  |  | $ | 208,178 |

The following tables summarize the Company’s investments’ adjusted cost, net unrealized gains (losses), and fair value by significant investment category as of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024. Gross realized gains or losses from sales of available-for-sale securities were not material for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023.

| As of April 30, 2024
| Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Loss, Net |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale investments: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 56,750 |  |  | $ | (67) |  |  | $ | 56,683 |
Commercial paper | 17,128 |  |  | (26) |  |  | 17,102 |
Corporate debt securities | 108,958 |  |  | (474) |  |  | 108,484 |
U.S. Government agency securities | 28,069 |  |  | (96) |  |  | 27,973 |
Total available-for-sale investments | $ | 210,905 |  |  | $ | (663) |  |  | $ | 210,242 |

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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

| As of January 31, 2024
| Cost Basis |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss), Net |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Available-for-sale investments: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 50,012 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 50,036 |
Commercial paper | 2,887 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2,886 |
Corporate debt securities | 131,395 |  |  | (136) |  |  | 131,259 |
U.S. Government agency securities | 23,983 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 23,997 |
Total available-for-sale investments | $ | 208,277 |  |  | $ | (99) |  |  | $ | 208,178 |

The following tables present the Company’s available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity date as of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024:

| As of April 30, 2024
| Cost Basis |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Due within one year | $ | 168,837 |  |  | $ | 168,389 |
Due between one to five years | 42,068 |  |  | 41,853 |
Total | $ | 210,905 |  |  | $ | 210,242 |

| As of January 31, 2024
| Cost Basis |  | Fair Value
| (in thousands)
Due within one year | $ | 155,423 |  |  | $ | 155,158 |
Due between one to five years | 52,854 |  |  | 53,020 |
Total | $ | 208,277 |  |  | $ | 208,178 |

As of April 30, 2024, there were 109 securities in an unrealized loss position with an aggregate fair value of $204.8 million, of which 30 were in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. The total unrealized loss related to the 30 securities was $0.1 million. As of January 31, 2024, there were 70 securities in an unrealized loss position with an aggregate fair value of $108.7 million, 33 of which were in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. The unrealized loss related to the 33 securities was $0.2 million.
When evaluating investments for impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost. No impairment loss has been recorded on the securities included in the tables above, as the Company believes that any decrease in fair value of these securities is temporary and the Company expects to recover at least up to the initial cost of the investment for these securities. The Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses, as the Company believes any such losses would be immaterial based on the high-grade credit rating for each of its marketable securities as of the end of each period.
5. Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities at fair value each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value, as follows:
Level 1—Valuations based on observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2—Valuations based on inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.
Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.
The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets that are required to be measured or disclosed at fair value using the above input categories:

| As of April 30, 2024
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Money market funds | $ | 325,781 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 325,781 |
U.S. Treasury securities | — |  |  | 57,681 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,681 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 22,582 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,582 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 108,484 |  |  | — |  |  | 108,484 |
U.S. Government agency securities | — |  |  | 27,973 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,973 |
Total | $ | 325,781 |  |  | $ | 216,720 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 542,501 |
Included in cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 332,259 |
Included in investments |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 210,242 |

| As of January 31, 2024
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
| (in thousands)
Money market funds | $ | 305,283 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 305,283 |
U.S. Treasury securities | — |  |  | 51,034 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,034 |
Commercial paper | — |  |  | 3,880 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,880 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 131,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,259 |
U.S. Government agency securities | — |  |  | 23,997 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,997 |
Total | $ | 305,283 |  |  | $ | 210,170 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 515,453 |
Included in cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 307,275 |
Included in investments |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 208,178 |

The Company’s assets that are measured by management at fair value on a recurring basis are generally classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, the Company’s Level 2 securities are measured at fair value and classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy because the Company uses quoted market prices for similar instruments or nonbinding market prices that are corroborated by observable market data or alternative pricing sources and models using market observable inputs to determine fair value.
The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash held in banks, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities and are excluded from the fair value table above.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Convertible Senior Notes
As of April 30, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) was approximately $54.4 million and the estimated fair value of the Company’s 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes” and, together with the 2025 Notes, the “Notes”) was approximately $402.3 million. The fair values were determined based on the quoted price for the Notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and are considered as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
6. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following:

| As of April 30, 2024 |  | As of January 31, 2024
| (in thousands)
Leasehold improvements | $ | 6,810 |  |  | $ | 11,334 |
Computers and equipment | 9,420 |  |  | 9,135 |
Furniture and fixtures | 3,911 |  |  | 3,989 |
Capitalized internal-use software | 19,718 |  |  | 18,257 |
Gross property and equipment (1) | 39,859 |  |  | 42,715 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (22,459) |  |  | (25,083) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 17,400 |  |  | $ | 17,632 |

(1) Gross property and equipment includes construction-in-progress for leasehold improvements and capitalized internal-use software of $3.8 million and $4.2 million that had not yet been placed in service as of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, respectively. The costs associated with construction-in-progress are not amortized until the asset is available for its intended use.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $2.0 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
7. Deferred Contract Costs
Deferred contract costs, which primarily consist of deferred sales commissions, were $44.1 million and $44.6 million as of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, respectively. Amortization expense for deferred contract costs was $5.3 million and $5.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was no impairment charge related to the costs capitalized for the periods presented.
8. Leases
Operating Leases
The Company has entered into various non-cancellable operating leases for its office spaces with lease periods expiring between fiscal 2026 and fiscal 2029. The operating lease agreements generally provide for rental payments on a graduated basis and for options to renew, which could increase future minimum lease payments if exercised.
Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
value of lease payments. The lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances.
The operating leases typically include non-lease components such as common-area maintenance costs. The Company has elected to include non-lease components with lease payments for the purpose of calculating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, to the extent that they are fixed. Non-lease components that are not fixed are expensed as incurred as variable lease payments.
Leases with a term of one year or less are not recognized on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
In June 2023, the Company entered into a sublease for a portion of the San Francisco office location. The sublease has a remaining lease term of less than one year from the sublease inception date. Sublease income, which is recorded as a reduction of rent expense, was not material for the three months ended April 30, 2024.
The following table presents information about leases on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

| As of April 30, 2024 |  | As of January 31, 2024
| (in thousands)
Assets |  |  |
Lease right-of-use assets | $ | 2,943 |  |  | $ | 3,789 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Lease liabilities | 5,498 |  |  | 6,180 |
Lease liabilities, non-current | 5,979 |  |  | 6,809 |

As of April 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3.1 years and the weighted average discount rate used to determine the net present value of the lease liabilities was 3.8%.
The following table presents information about leases on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Operating lease expense | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 1,358 |
Short-term lease expense | 394 |  |  | 571
Variable lease expense | 210 |  |  | 355

The following table presents supplemental cash flow information about the Company’s leases.

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | 1,628 |  |  | $ | 1,657 |

There were no impairment charges recorded in the three months ended April 30, 2024 or 2023.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
9. Debt and Financing Arrangements
2025 Convertible Senior Notes
In June 2020, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $287.5 million of 2025 Notes in a private offering pursuant to an Indenture dated June 25, 2020 (the “2025 Indenture”).
The 2025 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and accrue interest payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021, at a rate of 1.25% per year. The 2025 Notes will mature on July 1, 2025, unless such notes are converted, redeemed or repurchased earlier. The 2025 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the 2025 Indenture.
In October 2023, the Company provided written notice to the trustee and the note holders of the 2025 Notes that it had irrevocably elected to settle the principal amount of its convertible senior notes in cash and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, in respect to the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes being converted.
In October 2023, the Company paid $223.7 million to repurchase $230.0 million of aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes with a carrying value of $227.5 million, net of unamortized issuance costs of $2.6 million.
2028 Convertible Senior Notes
In October 2023, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $402.5 million of 2028 Notes in a private offering pursuant to an Indenture dated October 13, 2023 (the “2028 Indenture” and, together with the 2025 Indenture, the “Indentures”). The total net proceeds from the debt offering, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs of $12.0 million, paid or payable by the Company were $390.8 million.
The 2028 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and accrue interest payable semiannually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning on April 15, 2024, at a rate of 1.50% per year. The 2028 Notes will mature on October 15, 2028, unless such notes are converted, redeemed or repurchased earlier. Upon conversion, the Company will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes to be converted and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, in respect to the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes being converted, in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the 2028 Indenture.
Additional Terms of the Notes
Holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on April 1, 2025, with respect to the 2025 Notes, or June 15, 2028, with respect to the 2028 Notes, only under the following circumstances:
•During any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2020, with respect to the 2025 Notes, or the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2024, with respect to the 2028 Notes (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the relevant conversion price on each applicable trading day;
•During the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the relevant Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of such Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the relevant conversion rate on each such trading day;
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
•If the Company calls such Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or
•Upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as noted in the Indenture.
On or after April 1, 2025, with respect to the 2025 Notes, or June 15, 2028, with respect to the 2028 Notes, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the relevant maturity date, holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.
The initial conversion rate for the 2025 Notes is 24.95 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $40.08 per share of common stock. The initial conversion rate for the 2028 Notes is 36.56 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2028 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $27.35 per share of common stock. The conversion rate for the Notes is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the relevant Indenture, but will not be adjusted for accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date, or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with such a corporate event or convert its notes called (or deemed called) for redemption during the related redemption period (as defined in the relevant Indenture), as the case may be.
The Company may not redeem the 2028 Notes prior to October 20, 2026. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at its option, with respect to the 2025 Notes, on a redemption date occurring on or after July 6, 2023 and prior to the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the 2025 Notes, or with respect to the 2028 Notes, on a redemption date occurring on or after October 20, 2026 and prior to the 61st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the 2028 Notes, if the last reported sale price of the common stock has been at least 130% of the relevant conversion price for the Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2025 Notes or the 2028 Notes.
If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the relevant Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
The Indentures governing the Notes contain customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2025 Notes or 2028 Notes may declare the entire principal of all such 2025 Notes or 2028 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to be immediately due and payable.
Accounting for the Notes
The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 “Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” as of February 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective approach. As a result, the Notes are accounted for as a single liability measured at their amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. The Notes are classified as long-term liabilities as of April 30, 2024. Issuance costs are being amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the Notes at an effective interest rate of 2.13% for the 2028 Notes and 1.91% for the 2025 Notes.
The net carrying amount of the Notes as of April 30, 2024 and as of January 31, 2024 was as follows:
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

|  |  | As of April 30, 2024
|  |  | (in thousands)
|  |  | 2025 Notes |  | 2028 Notes |  | Total
Principal | $ | 57,500 |  |  | $ | 402,500 |  |  | $ | 460,000 |
Less: unamortized issuance costs | (464) |  |  | (10,869) |  |  | (11,333) |
Net carrying amount | $ | 57,036 |  |  | $ | 391,631 |  |  | $ | 448,667 |

|  |  | As of January 31, 2024
|  |  | (in thousands)
|  |  | 2025 Notes |  | 2028 Notes |  | Total
Principal | $ | 57,500 |  |  | $ | 402,500 |  |  | $ | 460,000 |
Less: unamortized issuance costs | (597) |  |  | (11,373) |  |  | (11,970) |
Net carrying amount | $ | 56,903 |  |  | $ | 391,127 |  |  | $ | 448,030 |

Interest expense recognized related to the Notes during the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

|  |  | Three Months Ended April 30,
|  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  |  | (in thousands)
Contractual interest expense | $ | 1,540 |  |  | $ | 879 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 608 |  |  | 455 |
Total interest expense related to the Notes | $ | 2,148 |  |  | $ | 1,334 |

Capped Call Transactions
In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “2025 Capped Calls”) with certain financial institution counterparties and in connection with the offering of the 2028 Notes, the Company entered into separate privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “2028 Capped Calls” and, together with the 2025 Capped Calls, the “Capped Calls”). The Capped Calls are generally intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the 2025 Notes or the 2028 Notes, as applicable, with such reduction or offset, as the case may be, subject to a cap based on the cap price of such Capped Calls. For accounting purposes, the Capped Calls are separate transactions, and not part of the terms of the 2025 Notes or the 2028 Notes, as applicable. The Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $35.7 million incurred to purchase the 2025 Capped Calls and the cost of $55.1 million incurred to purchase the 2028 Capped Calls were each recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Capped Calls will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification.
The 2025 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $40.08 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $61.66 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2025 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 7.2 million shares of our common stock. The 2025 Capped Calls are subject to automatic exercise over a 40 trading day period commencing on May 2, 2025, subject to earlier termination under certain circumstances and may be settled in cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election. The 2025 Capped Calls remain outstanding as of April 30, 2024.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The 2028 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $27.35 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2028 Notes. The 2028 Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $42.90 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2028 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 14.7 million shares of our common stock. The 2028 Capped Calls are subject to automatic exercise over a 60 trading day period commencing on July 20, 2028, subject to earlier termination under certain circumstances and may be settled in cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Matters
From time to time in the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to various claims and other legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company investigates these claims as they arise and accrues estimates for resolution of legal and other contingencies when losses are probable and estimable. The Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings nor is it aware of any pending or threatened litigation that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Warranties and Indemnification
The Company has entered into service-level agreements with a portion of its customers defining levels of uptime reliability and performance and permitting those customers to receive credits if the Company fails to meet the defined levels of uptime. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant failures to meet defined levels of uptime reliability and performance as a result of those agreements and, as a result, the Company has not incurred or accrued any material liabilities related to these agreements in the financial statements.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify customers, vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and certain officers and employees that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers, or employees. No demands have been made upon the Company to provide indemnification under such agreements, and there are no claims that the Company is aware of that could have a material effect on its consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows.
11. Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations
The following table presents the changes to the Company’s deferred revenue:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Deferred revenue, beginning of period | $ | 228,161 |  |  | $ | 209,051 |
Billings | 106,604 |  |  | 96,000 |
Revenue recognized | (111,172) |  |  | (103,246) |
Deferred revenue, end of period | $ | 223,593 |  |  | $ | 201,805 |

For the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, the majority of revenue recognized was from the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of each quarter.
Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations represents all future, non-cancelable contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, inclusive of deferred revenue that has been invoiced and non-cancelable amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, the Company now includes contracts with an original term of less than 12 months in this disclosure which comprised $135.0 million of remaining non-cancelable performance obligations as of April 30, 2024.
As of April 30, 2024, total remaining non-cancelable performance obligations under cloud-hosted and term-license software subscription contracts with customers was approximately $388.0 million. Of this amount, the Company expects to recognize revenue of approximately $273.4 million, or 70%, over the next 12 months with the balance to be recognized as revenue thereafter.
12. Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock Repurchase
In October 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 2,331,002 shares of the Company’s common stock through open market purchases at an average per share price of $21.45 for a total repurchase price of $50.0 million. The cost of repurchased shares is recorded as Treasury Stock in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Equity Incentive Plan
The Company has adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). As of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, the Company was authorized to grant up to 36,092,962 shares and 31,519,553 shares of common stock, respectively, under the 2019 Plan.
The Company currently uses authorized and unissued shares to satisfy stock award exercises and settlement of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) and Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”). As of April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, there were 19,846,670 shares and 17,178,454 shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan, respectively.
Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance are as follows:

| April 30, 2024
Outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs and PSUs | 15,595,062 |
Available for future stock option, RSU, and PSU grants | 19,846,670 |
Available for Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) | 4,297,539 |
Total common stock reserved at April 30, 2024 | 39,739,271 |

Stock Option Activity
Stock option activity is as follows:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 31, 2024 | 4,875,025 |  |  | $ | 10.29 |  |  | 4.4 years |  | $ | 68,151 |
Granted | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (41,875) |  |  | $ | 6.94 |  |  |  |  |
Canceled | (12,289) |  |  | $ | 13.30 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at April 30, 2024 | 4,820,861 |  |  | $ | 10.31 |  |  | 4.1 years |  | $ | 50,306 |
Vested as of April 30, 2024 | 4,718,085 |  |  | $ | 9.88 |  |  | 4.0 years |  | $ | 50,064 |

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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
No stock options were granted during the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.5 million and $12.1 million, respectively.
The intrinsic value for options exercised is the difference between the market value of the stock and the exercise price of the stock option at the date of exercise.
As of April 30, 2024, there was approximately $1.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted under the 2019 Plan, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.
Restricted Stock Units
A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information is as follows:

| Number of RSUs |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at January 31, 2024 | 7,412,056 |  |  | $ | 31.08 |
Granted | 2,924,763 |  |  | $ | 21.63 |
Vested | (783,267) |  |  | $ | 30.73 |
Forfeited or canceled | (342,977) |  |  | $ | 29.79 |
Outstanding at April 30, 2024 | 9,210,575 |  |  | $ | 28.17 |

The fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
As of April 30, 2024, there was $239.1 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years based on vesting under the award service conditions.
Performance Stock Units
The Company grants PSUs to certain employees of the Company for which the ultimate number of units that will vest are determined based on the achievement of market and/or performance conditions at the end of the stated performance period.
The Company grants PSUs to certain employees of the Company, which are to vest based on the level of achievement of a Company target related to PagerDuty’s operating plan and the relative growth of the per share price of the Company’s common stock as compared to the S&P Software & Services Select Index over the one-year performance period. The PSUs vest over a three-year period, subject to continuous service with the Company. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock that will vest based on the performance and market conditions can range from 0% to 200% of the target amount. Compensation expense for PSUs with performance conditions is measured using the fair value at the date of grant, and may be adjusted over the vesting period based on interim estimates of performance against the performance condition. Compensation expense for PSUs with market conditions is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. Expense is recorded over the vesting period under the graded-vesting attribution method.
In the three months ended April 30, 2024, the Compensation Committee of the Board certified the results of PagerDuty’s operating plan and relative growth of the per share price of the Company’s common stock as compared to the S&P Software & Services Select Index for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024. Based on the results, the PSUs granted in April 2023 (“2023 PSU Awards”) were cancelled as the target was not met.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
A summary of the Company’s PSU activity and related information is as follows:

|  | Number of PSUs |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at January 31, 2024 |  | 541,992 |  |  | $ | 35.08 |
Granted(1) |  | 781,813 |  |  | $ | 21.62 |
Vested |  | (9,050) |  |  | $ | 41.17 |
Forfeited or canceled |  | (3,280) |  |  | $ | 41.88 |
Performance adjustment for 2023 PSU Awards |  | (529,662) |  |  | $ | 34.98 |
Outstanding at April 30, 2024 |  | 781,813 |  |  | $ | 28.14 |
(1)This amount represents awards granted at 100% attainment.

During the three months ended April 30, 2024, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for the number of PSUs considered probable of vesting based on the attainment of the performance targets.
As of April 30, 2024, total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to PSUs was $19.4 million. This unrecognized stock-based compensation cost is expected to be recognized using the accelerated attribution method over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company’s ESPP generally provides for 24-month offering periods beginning June 15 and December 15 of each year, with each offering period consisting of four six-month purchase periods. On each purchase date, eligible employees will purchase the shares at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the Company’s stock as of the beginning of the offering period or (2) the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the purchase date, as defined in the ESPP.
During the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $1.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP.
During the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company withheld $3.1 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in contributions from employees.
During the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no purchases related to the ESPP.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,756 |  |  | $ | 1,876 |
Research and development | 11,222 |  |  | 10,101 |
Sales and marketing | 7,947 |  |  | 5,951 |
General and administrative | 12,015 |  |  | 9,617 |
Total | $ | 32,940 |  |  | $ | 27,545 |

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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
13. Net Loss per Share
Net loss used for the purpose of determining basic and diluted net loss per share is determined by taking net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc., less the redeemable non-controlling interests redemption value adjustment.
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator: |  |  |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | (17,139) |  |  | $ | (12,218) |
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | 6,917 |  |  | — |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | (24,056) |  |  | (12,218) |
Denominator: |  |  |
Weighted average shares used in calculating net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted | 92,876 |  |  | 91,522 |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | (0.26) |  |  | $ | (0.13) |

Since the Company was in a loss position for the periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.
Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

| As of April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Shares subject to outstanding common stock awards | 14,813 |  |  | 15,674 |
Restricted stock issued to acquire key personnel | 25 |  |  | 63 |
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP | 267 |  |  | 295 |

Additionally, as of April 30, 2023, using the conversion rate of 24.9507 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, the potentially dilutive shares that were not included in the diluted per share calculations related to the 2025 Notes was 7.2 million.
In October 2023, the Company provided written notice to the trustee and the note holders of the 2025 Notes that it had irrevocably elected to settle the principal amount of its convertible senior notes in cash and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, in respect to the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes being converted. As described in Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements,” upon conversion of the 2028 Notes, the Company will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes to be converted and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election, in respect to the remainder, if any, of the Company’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes being converted. As of April 30, 2024, the conversion options of the 2028 Notes were out of money and as a result, there were no potentially dilutive shares related to the conversion of the Notes.
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PAGERDUTY, INC.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
14. Income Taxes
The Company's provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment in such period.
The Company's quarterly tax provision, and estimate of its annual effective tax rate, is subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in pre-tax income (or loss), the mix of jurisdictions to which such income (or loss) relates, changes in how the Company does business, and tax law developments. The Company's estimated effective tax rate for the year differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% as a result of our U.S. losses for which no benefit will be realized, our foreign operations which are subject to tax rates that differ from those in the U.S., as well as the benefit for non-U.S. income tax credits.
The Company recorded an income tax provision of $0.2 million and an income tax benefit of $0.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
15. Geographic Information
Revenue by location is generally determined by the billing address of the customer. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
United States | $ | 80,792 |  |  | $ | 74,834 |
International | 30,380 |  |  | 28,412 |
Total | $ | 111,172 |  |  | $ | 103,246 |

Other than the United States, no other individual country accounted for 10% or more of revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2024 or 2023.
As of April 30, 2024, 71% of the Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets, were located in the United States, 22% were located in Canada, 5% were located in Portugal, and 2% were located in the United Kingdom.
As of January 31, 2024, 73% of the Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets, were located in the United States, 20% were located in Canada, 4% were located in Portugal, 2% were located in the United Kingdom and 1% were located in Chile.
16. Subsequent Event
On May 30, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock, in an aggregate amount of up to $100.0 million (the “Share Repurchase Program”). Share repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program may be made from time to time on the open market, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or other legally permissible means. The Share Repurchase Program has a term of 24 months and does not obligate the Company to acquire a specified number of shares, and may be suspended, modified, or terminated at any time, without prior notice. The number of shares to be repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions, and alternative investment opportunities.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and with our audited financial statements and related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2024. You should review the sections titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above in this Form 10-Q for a discussion of forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, adverse effects on our business and general economic conditions as identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report. The last day of our fiscal year is January 31. Our fiscal quarters end on April 30, July 31, October 31 and January 31.
Overview
PagerDuty is a global leader in digital operations management, enabling customers to achieve operational efficiency at scale and transform critical work for modern enterprises. The PagerDuty Operations Cloud combines AIOps, Automation, Incident Management and Customer Service Operations into a flexible, resilient and scalable platform to increase innovation velocity, protect revenue, reduce cost, and mitigate the risk of operational failure.
Today, nearly every business is a digital business. As such, organizations are under pressure to enhance their digital operations in order to meet escalating customer expectations, resolve incidents proactively and free up time for innovation projects. This means critical, time sensitive, and unpredictable work needs to be detected and orchestrated.
We collect data and digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device and leverage powerful machine learning to correlate, process, and predict opportunities and incidents. Using incident management, process automation, AI operations and customer service operations, we bring together the right people with the right information so they can resolve issues and act on opportunities in minutes or seconds from wherever they are.
Since our founding in 2009, we have expanded our capabilities from a single product focused on on-call management for developers to a multi-product platform that crosses silos into IT infrastructures and operations, security, customer service, and executive stakeholder roles across the organization. We have evolved from an on-call tool into the platform for digital operations, which resides at the center of a company’s technology ecosystem.
We have spent more than a decade building deep product integrations to our platform, and our ecosystem now includes over 700 direct integrations to enable our customers to gather and correlate digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device. This allows technical teams to collect digital signals from any system or platform in their environment, and without the effects of context switching. Those same integrations connect with popular collaboration tools and business applications, as well as all types of technology stacks to drive automation of work.
We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted subscription fees. We also generate revenue from term-license software subscription fees. PagerDuty has a land-and-expand business model that leads to viral adoption of our products and subsequent expansion. An increasing focus for our go-to-market motion, including our field sales team, is serving enterprise customers. Our mid-market and enterprise customers account for the majority of our revenue today. These teams drive expansion to additional users, new use cases, and add-on products, as well as upsell to higher value plans. The PagerDuty field organization is focused on selling the PagerDuty platform across IT, DevOps, and customer service operations teams.
Macroeconomic Environment
Our business and financial performance may be subject to the effects of the worldwide macroeconomic conditions, including, but not limited to global inflation and the rise in interest rates, existing and new laws and
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regulations, recession or economic downturn globally or in the jurisdictions in which we do business, health epidemics or pandemics, volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, and bank failures.
We continuously monitor geopolitical conflicts around the world and their effects on our business. While we do not believe the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict or the conflict in Israel and the surrounding areas will have a material impact on our business and results of operations, our business and results of operations could be materially impacted if these conflicts continue or worsen, leading to greater global economic disruptions and uncertainty. Our customers in regions impacted by conflict represented an immaterial portion of our net assets and total consolidated revenue both as of and for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023.
We will continue to monitor the direct and indirect impacts of these or similar circumstances on our business and financial results. For additional information on the potential impact of macroeconomic conditions on our business, see Item 1A, “Risk Factors”.
Key Business Metrics
We review the following key business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.
While these numbers are based on what we believe to be a reasonable representation of our customer base for the applicable period of measurement, we rely on a third party to validate legal entities, which uses the best available data at period end, and therefore is subject to change as new information becomes available. In addition, we are continually seeking to improve our methodology, which may result in future changes to our key metrics.
Our key metrics include the results of Jeli, Inc. (“Jeli”) to the extent applicable, beginning on the acquisition date of November 15, 2023.
Number of Customers
We believe that the number of customers using our platform, particularly those that have subscription agreements for more than $100,000 in annual recurring revenue (“ARR”), are indicators of our market penetration, particularly within enterprise accounts, the growth of our business, and our potential future business opportunities. We define ARR as the annualized recurring revenue of all active contracts at the end of a reporting period. We define a customer as a separate legal entity, such as a company or an educational or government institution, that has an active subscription with us or one of our partners to access our platform. In situations where an organization has multiple subsidiaries or divisions, we treat the parent entity as the customer instead of treating each subsidiary or division as a separate customer. Increasing awareness of our platform and its broad range of capabilities, coupled with the fact that the world is always on and powered by increasingly complex technology, has expanded the diversity of our customer base to include organizations of all sizes across virtually all industries. Over time, enterprise and mid-market customers have constituted a greater share of our revenue.

| As of April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Customers | 15,120 |  |  | 15,089 |
Customers greater than $100,000 in ARR | 811 |  |  | 764 |

Dollar-based Net Retention Rate
We use dollar-based net retention rate to evaluate the long-term value of our customer relationships, since this metric reflects our ability to retain and expand the ARR from our existing customers. Our dollar-based net retention rate compares our ARR from the same set of customers across comparable periods.
We calculate dollar-based net retention rate as of a period end by starting with the ARR from the cohort of all customers as of 12 months prior to such period end (“Prior Period ARR”). We then calculate the ARR from these
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same customers as of the current period end (“Current Period ARR”). Current Period ARR includes any expansion and is net of downgrades or churn over the last 12 months but excludes ARR from new customers in the current period. We then divide the total Current Period ARR by the total Prior Period ARR to arrive at the dollar-based net retention rate.

| Last 12 Months Ended April 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Dollar-based net retention rate for all customers | 106 | % |  | 116 | % |  |  |  |

Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted software subscription fees with the majority of our revenue derived from such arrangements. We also generate revenue from term-license software subscription fees. Our subscriptions are typically one year in duration but can range from monthly to multi-year. Subscription fees are driven primarily by the number of customers, the number of users per customer, and the level of subscription purchased. We generally invoice customers in advance in annual installments for subscriptions to our software. Revenue related to our cloud-hosted software subscriptions is recognized ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that our platform is made available to a customer. For our term-license software subscriptions, we recognize license revenue upon delivery and software maintenance revenue ratably, typically beginning on the start of the contractual term of the arrangement.
Due to the low complexity of implementation and integration of our platform with our customers’ existing infrastructure, revenue from professional services has been immaterial to date.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue primarily consists of expenses related to providing our platform to customers, including personnel expenses for operations and global support, payments to our third-party cloud infrastructure providers for hosting our software, payment processing fees, amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs, amortization of acquired developed technology, and allocated overhead costs for facilities, information technology, and other allocated overhead costs. We will continue to invest additional resources in our platform infrastructure and our customer support and success organizations to expand the capability of our platform and ensure that our customers are realizing the full benefit of our offerings. The level and timing of investment in these areas could affect our cost of revenue in the future.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
Gross profit represents revenue less cost of revenue. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenue. Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period as our revenue fluctuates, and as a result of the timing and amount of investments to expand the capacity of our third-party cloud infrastructure providers and our continued efforts to enhance our platform support and customer success teams.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. Personnel expenses are the most significant component of operating expenses and consist of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense, and sales commissions. Operating expenses also include amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, allocated overhead costs for facilities, shared IT related expenses, including depreciation expense, and certain company-wide events and functions.
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Research and development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our engineering, product, and design teams. Additionally, research and development expenses include outside services, depreciation of equipment used in research and development activities, acquisition-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase in dollar value as our business grows.
Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, costs of general marketing activities and promotional activities, travel related expenses, amortization of acquired intangible assets, allocated overhead costs, and bad debt expense. Sales commissions earned by our sales force that are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a subscription with a customer are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be four years. We expect that our sales and marketing expenses will generally increase in dollar value and continue to be our largest operating expense for the foreseeable future as we expand our sales and marketing efforts.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and outside services fees for finance, legal, human resources, information technology, and other administrative functions. In addition, general and administrative expenses include non-personnel costs, such as legal, accounting, and other professional fees, hardware and software costs, certain tax, license and insurance-related expenses, acquisition-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in dollar value as our business grows. However, we expect that our general and administrative expenses will decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the longer term as we expect our investments to allow for improved efficiency for future growth in the business.
Interest Income
Interest income consists of accretion income and amortization expense on our available-for-sale investments and income earned on our cash and cash equivalents and interest earned on our short-term investments which consist of U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper, corporate debt securities, and U.S. Government agency securities.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists primarily of contractual interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs on our 1.25% Convertible senior notes due 2025 that were outstanding in the three months ended April 30, 2023 and partially extinguished in October 2023. Interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2024 also includes the contractual interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs on our 1.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes”) that were issued in October 2023.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net primarily consists of foreign currency transaction gains and losses.
(Provision for) Benefit from Income Taxes
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our net federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized for all years presented.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Revenue | $ | 111,172 |  |  | $ | 103,246 |
Cost of revenue(1) | 19,343 |  |  | 17,936 |
Gross profit | 91,829 |  |  | 85,310 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |
Research and development(1) | 37,523 |  |  | 33,508 |
Sales and marketing(1) | 48,499 |  |  | 43,801 |
General and administrative(1) | 27,540 |  |  | 23,801 |
Total operating expenses | 113,562 |  |  | 101,110 |
Loss from operations | (21,733) |  |  | (15,800) |
Interest income | 6,980 |  |  | 4,203 |
Interest expense | (2,148) |  |  | (1,334) |
Other expense, net | (251) |  |  | (13) |
Loss before (provision for) benefit from income taxes | (17,152) |  |  | (12,944) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes | (193) |  |  | 106 |
Net loss | $ | (17,345) |  |  | $ | (12,838) |
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | (206) |  |  | (620) |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. | $ | (17,139) |  |  | $ | (12,218) |
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | 6,917 |  |  | — |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | (24,056) |  |  | $ | (12,218) |

______________
(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,756 |  |  | $ | 1,876 |
Research and development | 11,222 |  |  | 10,101 |
Sales and marketing | 7,947 |  |  | 5,951 |
General and administrative | 12,015 |  |  | 9,617 |
Total | $ | 32,940 |  |  | $ | 27,545 |

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The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue | 100 | % |  | 100 | %
Cost of revenue | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Gross profit | 83 | % |  | 83 | %
Operating expenses: |  |  |
Research and development | 34 |  |  | 32 |
Sales and marketing | 44 |  |  | 42 |
General and administrative | 25 |  |  | 23 |
Total operating expenses | 102 |  |  | 98 |
Loss from operations | (20) |  |  | (15) |
Interest income | 6 |  |  | 4 |
Interest expense | (2) |  |  | (1) |
Other expense, net | — |  |  | — |
Loss before (provision for) benefit from income taxes | (15) |  |  | (13) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes | — |  |  | — |
Net loss | (16) |  |  | (12) |
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | — |  |  | (1) |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. | (15) |  |  | (12) |
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | 6 |  |  | — |
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | (22) | % |  | (12) | %

__________
Note: Certain figures may not sum due to rounding.
Comparison of the Three Months Ended April 30, 2024 and 2023
Revenue

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in thousands) |  |
Revenue | $ | 111,172 |  |  | $ | 103,246 |  |  | $ | 7,926 |  |  | 8 | %

Revenue increased by $7.9 million, or 8%, for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023. The increase in revenue was primarily attributable to a combination of growth from both new and existing customers. Growth from existing customers was driven by both increases in the number of users and upsell of additional products and services.
Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in thousands) |  |
Cost of revenue | $ | 19,343 |  |  | $ | 17,936 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | 8 | %
Gross margin | 83 | % |  | 83 | % |  |  |  |

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Cost of revenue increased by $1.4 million, or 8%, for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023, primarily due to an increase of $0.8 million in outside services spend for the customer service team, an increase of $0.7 million in amortization of internally developed software, an increase of $0.3 million in amortization of acquired intangible assets, and an increase of $0.3 million in hosting, software, and telecom costs. This was offset by a decrease of $1.0 million in personnel costs as a result of changes in the components of compensation plans compared to the prior year.
Research and Development

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in thousands) |  |
Research and development | $ | 37,523 |  |  | $ | 33,508 |  |  | $ | 4,015 |  |  | 12 | %
Percentage of revenue | 34 | % |  | 32 | % |  |  |  |

Research and development expenses increased by $4.0 million, or 12%, for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in personnel expenses of $3.5 million as a result of increased headcount and salaries to support our continued investment in our platform and an increase of $0.7 million in costs to support the business and related infrastructure, which include allocated overhead costs. This was offset by a $0.5 million decrease in outside services spend due to higher leverage of internal resources through hiring.
Sales and Marketing

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in thousands) |  |
Sales and marketing | $ | 48,499 |  |  | $ | 43,801 |  |  | $ | 4,698 |  |  | 11 | %
Percentage of revenue | 44 | % |  | 42 | % |  |  |  |

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $4.7 million, or 11%, for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $1.8 million in personnel expenses driven by headcount growth, increased salaries, and amortization of deferred contract costs, an increase of $1.3 million in outside services, an increase of $0.9 million in training and travel-related costs, and an increase of $0.7 million in marketing costs.
General and Administrative

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in thousands) |  |
General and administrative | $ | 27,540 |  |  | $ | 23,801 |  |  | $ | 3,739 |  |  | 16 | %
Percentage of revenue | 25 | % |  | 23 | % |  |  |  |

General and administrative expenses increased by $3.7 million, or 16%, for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023. This increase was primarily due to a $2.8 million increase in personnel expenses driven by headcount growth and increased salaries and a $0.7 million increase in outside services.
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Interest Expense

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in thousands) |  |
Interest expense | $ | 2,148 |  |  | $ | 1,334 |  |  | $ | 814 |  |  | 61 | %

Interest expense for the three months ended April 30, 2024 increased by $0.8 million, or 61%, for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023. The increase is primarily due to contractual interest and amortization of debt issuance costs for the 2028 Notes that were issued in October 2023. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in the amortization of debt issuance costs and interest for the 2025 Notes that were partially extinguished in October 2023 and therefore had less of an impact on the current period.
Interest Income and Other Expense, Net

| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | % Change
| (dollars in thousands) |  |
Interest income | $ | 6,980 |  |  | $ | 4,203 |  |  | $ | 2,777 |  |  | 66 | %
Other expense, net | $ | (251) |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (238) |  |  | (1,831) | %

Interest income increased by $2.8 million and other expense, net increased by $0.2 million for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023. The increase in interest income was primarily due to higher interest rates and accretion on our cash, cash equivalent and investment balances in the current year. The increase in other expense, net was due to changes in foreign currency rates.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the below referenced non-GAAP financial information, collectively, to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance and assists in comparisons with other companies, some of which use similar non-GAAP financial information to supplement their U.S. GAAP results. The non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and may be different from similarly-titled non-GAAP measures used by other companies. The principal limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is that they exclude significant expenses that are required by U.S. GAAP to be recorded in our financial statements. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgment by our management about which expenses are excluded or included in determining these non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin
We define non-GAAP gross profit as gross profit excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and restructuring costs. We define non-GAAP gross margin as non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of revenue.
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| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Gross profit | $ | 91,829 |  |  | $ | 85,310 |
Add: |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 1,756 |  |  | 1,876 |
Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions | 44 |  |  | 72 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 2,407 |  |  | 2,087 |
Restructuring costs | — |  |  | 137 |
Non-GAAP gross profit | $ | 96,036 |  |  | $ | 89,482 |
Gross margin | 83 | % |  | 83 | %
Non-GAAP gross margin | 86 | % |  | 87 | %

Non-GAAP Operating Income and Non-GAAP Operating Margin
We define non-GAAP operating income as loss from operations excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, restructuring costs, and acquisition-related expenses, which include transaction costs, acquisition-related retention payments and asset impairment, which are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a given period. We define non-GAAP operating margin as non-GAAP operating income as a percentage of revenue.

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Loss from operations | $ | (21,733) |  |  | $ | (15,800) |
Add: |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 32,940 |  |  | 27,545 |
Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions | 703 |  |  | 1,197 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 3,148 |  |  | 2,806 |
Acquisition-related expenses | 263 |  |  | 161 |
Restructuring costs | 8 |  |  | 144 |
Non-GAAP operating income | $ | 15,329 |  |  | $ | 16,053 |
Operating margin | (20) | % |  | (15) | %
Non-GAAP operating margin | 14 | % |  | 16 | %

Non-GAAP Net Income Attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. Common Stockholders
We define non-GAAP net income attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders as net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of debt issuance costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, which include transaction costs, acquisition-related retention payments and asset impairment, restructuring costs, adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest, and income tax adjustments, which are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a given period.
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| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | (24,056) |  |  | $ | (12,218) |
Add (Less): |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 32,940 |  |  | 27,545 |
Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions | 703 |  |  | 1,197 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 608 |  |  | 455 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 3,148 |  |  | 2,806 |
Acquisition-related expenses | 263 |  |  | 161 |
Restructuring costs | 8 |  |  | 144 |
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | 6,917 |  |  | — |
Income tax effects and adjustments | (4,526) |  |  | (792) |
Non-GAAP net income attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders | $ | 16,005 |  |  | $ | 19,298 |

Free Cash Flow
We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities, less cash used for purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software costs. In addition to the reasons stated above, we believe that free cash flow is useful to investors as a liquidity measure because it measures our ability to generate or use cash in excess of our capital investments in property and equipment in order to enhance the strength of our balance sheet and further invest in our business and potential strategic initiatives. A limitation of the utility of free cash flow as a measure of our liquidity is that it does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for the period. We use free cash flow in conjunction with traditional U.S. GAAP measures as part of our overall assessment of our liquidity, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts and to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies. There are a number of limitations related to the use of free cash flow as compared to net cash provided by operating activities, including that free cash flow includes capital expenditures, the benefits of which are realized in periods subsequent to those when expenditures are made.

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 28,647 |  |  | $ | 22,152 |
Less: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (457) |  |  | (235) |
Capitalization of internal-use software costs | (1,092) |  |  | (1,072) |
Free cash flow | $ | 27,098 |  |  | $ | 20,845 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (2,821) |  |  | $ | 8,563 |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (6,261) |  |  | $ | (4,069) |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of April 30, 2024, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents and investments totaling $592.8 million. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, investments, and net cash generated from our operating activities will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. Since inception, we have financed operations primarily through sales of our cloud-hosted software subscriptions, net proceeds received from sales of equity securities, and the issuance of our Notes.
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On June 25, 2020, we issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The total net proceeds from the debt offering, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs of $9.3 million, and purchases of capped calls of $35.7 million, were $242.5 million.
On October 13, 2023, we issued $402.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The total net proceeds from the debt offering, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs of $12.0 million, and purchases of the Capped Calls of $55.1 million, were $390.4 million.
In October 2023, we entered into multiple privately negotiated purchase agreements with the holders of our 2025 Notes to repurchase $230.0 million in aggregate principal of the existing notes, resulting in cash payments of $223.7 million. In October 2023, we also repurchased $50.0 million in common stock through open market purchases.
We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and available cash and short-term investment balances. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the effects of the worldwide macroeconomic conditions, including but not limited to, global inflation and the rise in interest rates, existing and new laws and regulations, recession or economic downturn globally or in the jurisdictions in which we do business, volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, our subscription growth rate, subscription renewal activity, including the timing and the amount of cash received from customers, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced product offerings, and the continuing market adoption of our platform. We may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, and technologies. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in continued innovation, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, operations, and financial condition.
A significant majority of our customers pay in advance for our cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions. Therefore, a substantial source of our cash is from our deferred revenue, which is included in the liabilities section of our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Deferred revenue consists of the unearned portion of customer billings, which is recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. As of April 30, 2024, we had deferred revenue of $223.6 million, of which $219.6 million was recorded as a current liability and expected to be recorded as revenue in the next 12 months, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Cash Flows
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended April 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 28,647 |  |  | $ | 22,152 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $ | (2,821) |  |  | $ | 8,563 |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (6,261) |  |  | $ | (4,069) |

Operating Activities
Our largest source of operating cash is cash collection from sales of our cloud-hosted and term license software subscriptions to our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for personnel expenses, marketing expenses and hosting and software expenses. In the last several years, we have had periods in
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which we generated negative cash flows from operating activities and have supplemented working capital requirements through net proceeds from both private and public sales of equity securities and issuance of debt.
Cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended April 30, 2024 of $28.6 million primarily related to our net loss of $17.3 million, adjusted for non-cash charges and gains of $43.7 million and net cash inflows of $2.3 million due to changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges consisted of stock-based compensation of $32.9 million, amortization of our deferred contract costs of $5.3 million, depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, capitalized implementation costs, and acquired intangible assets of $5.3 million, non-cash lease expense of $0.8 million, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.6 million, offset by other net gains of $1.3 million, which consist primarily of accretion on investments. Changes in operating assets and liabilities reflected cash inflows from a $22.7 million decrease in accounts receivable due to timing of cash collections, offset by $4.8 million of additions to deferred contract costs due to commissions paid on new bookings in line with revenue growth, a $4.8 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets related to timing of payments made in advance for future services, a $4.4 million decrease in deferred revenue resulting from decreased billings for subscriptions, a $3.4 million decrease in accrued expenses, $1.5 million in payments for operating lease liabilities, and a $1.4 million increase in accounts payable and accrued compensation.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended April 30, 2024 of $2.8 million consisted primarily of purchases of available-for-sale investments of $50.1 million, capitalization of internal-use software of $1.1 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $0.5 million primarily for purchases of computers for new employees. This was offset by proceeds from maturities and sales of investments of $48.8 million.
Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended April 30, 2024 of $6.3 million consisted of $6.6 million in employee payroll taxes paid related to vesting of restricted stock units offset by proceeds of $0.3 million from the exercise of stock options.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
There were no material changes during the three months ended April 30, 2024 to our contractual obligations and other commitments, as disclosed in our Annual Report.
For further information on our commitments and contingencies, refer to Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the condensed consolidated financial statements contained within this Form 10-Q.
Indemnification Agreements
In the ordinary course of business, we may agree to indemnify customers, vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As permitted under Delaware law, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers, or employees. No demands have been made upon us to provide indemnification under such agreements, and there are no claims that we are aware of that could have a material effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly
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from the estimates made by management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows will be affected.
There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies described in Part II, Item 7 in our Annual Report, that had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our market risk as compared to the disclosures in Part II, Item 7A in our Annual Report.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation and supervision of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were, in design and operation, effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, in designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended April 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are not a party to any material pending legal proceedings. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business involves significant risks, some of which are described below. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with all of the other information in this Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Any of the following risks could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. Our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.
There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors described under “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Items 3 and 4 are not applicable and have been omitted.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements
On April 1, 2024, Elena Gomez, a member of our Board, adopted a trading plan for the sale of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). The trading plan is set to expire on June 13, 2025 and provides for the sale of up to 15,244 shares of common stock, all of which are subject to the Company’s stock price reaching certain price thresholds.
On April 9, 2024, Jennifer Tejada, our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board, adopted a trading plan for the sale of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). The trading plan was set to expire on June 27, 2025 and provided for the following transactions: (i) the exercise of up to 800,000 stock options and the sale of the underlying shares of common stock, subject to the Company’s stock price reaching certain price thresholds; and (ii) the sale of up to 102,509 shares of common stock, all of which are subject to the Company’s stock price reaching certain price thresholds.
On April 10, 2024, Owen Howard Wilson, our Chief Financial Officer, adopted a trading plan for the sale of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). The trading plan is set to expire on June 27, 2025 and provides for the following transactions: the sale of up to 241,411 shares of common stock, all of which are subject to the Company’s stock price reaching certain price thresholds.
Item 6. Exhibits
The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-Q are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Form 10-Q, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Incorporated by Exhibit Reference |  | Filing Date
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of PagerDuty, Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 001-38856 |  | 3.1 |  | April 15, 2019
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of PagerDuty, Inc. |  | 8-K |  | 001-38856 |  | 3.2 |  | April 15, 2019
10.3 |  | Amended and Restated Executive Severance and Change in Control Policy |  | 10-Q |  | 001-38856 |  | 10.3 |  | December 1, 2023
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
32.1* |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  | Furnished herewith |  |
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  |  | Filed herewith |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.INS, 101.SCH, 101.CAL, 101.DEF, 101.LAB, and 101.PRE). |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| PAGERDUTY, INC.
Date: May 31, 2024 | By: | /s/ Jennifer G. Tejada |
|  | Jennifer G. Tejada |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
Date: May 31, 2024 | By: | /s/ Owen Howard Wilson |
|  | Owen Howard Wilson |
|  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  | (Principal Financial Officer) |
Date: May 31, 2024 | By: | /s/ Mitra Rezvan |
|  | Mitra Rezvan |
|  | Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer
|  | (Principal Accounting Officer) |

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