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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred Components of Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes | The components of the benefit (provision) for income taxes were as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Current benefit (provision) for income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Singapore |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | — |
Rest of world |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (1,180 | )
Total current benefit (provision) for income taxes |  | $ | (69 | ) |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | (1,180 | )
Deferred benefit (provision) for income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Singapore |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (134 | ) |  | $ | 134 |
Rest of world |  |  | — |  |  |  | (774 | ) |  |  | 564 |
Total deferred benefit (provision) for income taxes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (908 | ) |  | $ | 698 |
Total benefit (provision) for income taxes |  | $ | (69 | ) |  | $ | (842 | ) |  | $ | (482 | )
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 58,661 |  |  | $ | 28,913 |
Federal and state tax credits |  |  | 13,783 |  |  |  | 4,522 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 4,276 |  |  |  | 1,903 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 3,811 |  |  |  | 1,921 |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | 18,829 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 1,267 |  |  |  | 176 |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 100,627 |  |  |  | 37,435 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (99,438 | ) |  |  | (36,069 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  |  | 1,189 |  |  |  | 1,366 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (1,155 | ) |  |  | (1,366 | )
Other |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | — |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (1,189 | ) |  |  | (1,366 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Summary of Valuation Allowance | A roll-forward of the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 36,069 |  |  | $ | 15,999 |
Increase in valuation allowance |  |  | 63,337 |  |  |  | 20,595 |
Reversal of valuation allowance |  |  | — |  |  |  | (598 | )
Effect of foreign currency translation |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 73 |
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 99,438 |  |  | $ | 36,069 |
Summary of Activity in Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A summary of activity in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Unrecognized tax benefit at the beginning of the year |  | $ | 6,207 |  |  | $ | 2,343 |  |  | $ | 1,280 |
Tax positions related to prior years |  |  | 430 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,066 | )
Tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 3,582 |  |  |  | 3,864 |  |  |  | 2,129 |
Unrecognized tax benefit at the end of the year |  | $ | 10,219 |  |  | $ | 6,207 |  |  | $ | 2,343 |
Singapore [Member] |
Reconciliation of Statutory Income Tax Rate | A reconciliation of the Singapore statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Singapore statutory income tax rate |  |  | 17.0 | % |  |  | 17.0 | % |  |  | 17.0 | %
Federal and state tax credits |  |  | 6.6 |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 3.1 |
Permanent differences |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | (0.9 | )
Changes in reserves for uncertain tax positions |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | (3.5 | ) |  |  | (3.6 | )
Foreign rate differential |  |  | 7.8 |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Tax rate change |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | (0.7 | )
Change in deferred tax asset valuation allowance |  |  | (28.7 | ) |  |  | (19.7 | ) |  |  | (15.7 | )
Effective income tax rate |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.8 | )% |  |  | (0.9 | )%

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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