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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________
Form 10-Q

(Mark One) |
☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the quarterly period ended | December 31, 2019
or
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the transition period from to

Commission file number 000-51539
_________________________________
Cimpress plc
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
_________________________________

Ireland |  | 98-0417483
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Building D, Xerox Technology Park A91 H9N9,
Dundalk, Co. Louth
Ireland
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 353 42 938 8500
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Ordinary Shares, nominal value of €0.01 per share |  | CMPR |  | NASDAQ Global Select Market

______________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
|  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  |
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐ No þ
As of January 27, 2020, there were 26,205,561 Cimpress plc ordinary shares outstanding.

EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is being filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), by Cimpress plc, an Irish public limited company, as successor to Cimpress N.V., a Dutch public limited company. On December 3, 2019, Cimpress completed its previously announced cross-border merger pursuant to which Cimpress N.V. merged with and into Cimpress plc, with Cimpress plc surviving the merger (the "Irish Merger"). As a result of the Irish Merger, all of Cimpress N.V.'s outstanding ordinary shares, par value €0.01 per share, were exchanged on a one-for-one basis for newly issued ordinary shares, nominal value of €0.01 per share, of Cimpress plc, and Cimpress plc assumed all of Cimpress N.V.'s rights and obligations. This Report includes the full six months ended December 31, 2019, including the activity of Cimpress N.V. before the Irish Merger.

CIMPRESS PLC
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
For the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited) | 1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019 | 1
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 | 2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 | 3
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 | 4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended December 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 32
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 47
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 48
PART II OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 48
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 48
Item 6. Exhibits | 49
Signatures | 50

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited in thousands, except share and per share data)

| December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 36,917 |  |  | $ | 35,279 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $9,970 and $7,313, respectively | 70,496 |  |  | 60,646 |
Inventory | 80,151 |  |  | 66,310 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 72,751 |  |  | 78,065 |
Total current assets | 260,315 |  |  | 240,300 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 364,155 |  |  | 490,755 |
Operating lease assets, net | 173,156 |  |  | — |
Software and website development costs, net | 72,148 |  |  | 69,840 |
Deferred tax assets | 160,058 |  |  | 59,906 |
Goodwill | 721,057 |  |  | 718,880 |
Intangible assets, net | 235,031 |  |  | 262,701 |
Other assets | 37,414 |  |  | 25,994 |
Total assets | $ | 2,023,334 |  |  | $ | 1,868,376 |
Liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ (deficit) equity |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 216,991 |  |  | $ | 185,096 |
Accrued expenses | 237,171 |  |  | 194,715 |
Deferred revenue | 32,574 |  |  | 31,780 |
Short-term debt | 73,755 |  |  | 81,277 |
Operating lease liabilities, current | 37,698 |  |  | — |
Other current liabilities | 11,444 |  |  | 27,881 |
Total current liabilities | 609,633 |  |  | 520,749 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 36,216 |  |  | 44,531 |
Long-term debt | 1,296,535 |  |  | 942,290 |
Lease financing obligation | — |  |  | 112,096 |
Operating lease liabilities, non-current | 143,276 |  |  | — |
Other liabilities | 49,997 |  |  | 53,716 |
Total liabilities | 2,135,657 |  |  | 1,673,382 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 68,201 |  |  | 63,182 |
Shareholders’ (deficit) equity: |  |  |  |  |
Preferred shares, nominal value €0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Ordinary shares, nominal value €0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 44,080,627 shares issued; and 26,205,347 and 30,445,669 shares outstanding, respectively | 615 |  |  | 615 |
Deferred ordinary shares, nominal value €1.00 per share, 25,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding | 28 |  |  | — |
Treasury shares, at cost, 17,875,280 and 13,634,958 shares, respectively | (1,275,057 | ) |  | (737,447 | )
Additional paid-in capital | 424,058 |  |  | 411,079 |
Retained earnings | 745,326 |  |  | 537,422 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (75,494 | ) |  | (79,857 | )
Total shareholders' (deficit) equity | (180,524 | ) |  | 131,812 |
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ (deficit) equity | $ | 2,023,334 |  |  | $ | 1,868,376 |

See accompanying notes.
1

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited in thousands, except share and per share data)

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue | $ | 820,333 |  |  | $ | 825,567 |  |  | $ | 1,454,292 |  |  | $ | 1,414,548 |
Cost of revenue (1) | 394,018 |  |  | 411,496 |  |  | 719,683 |  |  | 713,967 |
Technology and development expense (1) | 64,427 |  |  | 56,707 |  |  | 127,594 |  |  | 114,885 |
Marketing and selling expense (1) | 173,336 |  |  | 210,661 |  |  | 334,253 |  |  | 392,334 |
General and administrative expense (1) | 51,910 |  |  | 40,216 |  |  | 95,533 |  |  | 81,392 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 13,150 |  |  | 14,846 |  |  | 26,168 |  |  | 26,147 |
Restructuring expense (1) | 1,897 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 4,087 |  |  | 1,196 |
Income from operations | 121,595 |  |  | 90,615 |  |  | 146,974 |  |  | 84,627 |
Other (expense) income, net | (9,040 | ) |  | 9,629 |  |  | 6,634 |  |  | 19,881 |
Interest expense, net | (15,701 | ) |  | (16,808 | ) |  | (30,788 | ) |  | (30,585 | )
Income before income taxes | 96,854 |  |  | 83,436 |  |  | 122,820 |  |  | 73,923 |
Income tax (benefit) expense | (93,795 | ) |  | 14,399 |  |  | (87,680 | ) |  | 19,880 |
Net income | 190,649 |  |  | 69,037 |  |  | 210,500 |  |  | 54,043 |
Add: Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | (426 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (246 | ) |  | 332 |
Net income attributable to Cimpress plc | $ | 190,223 |  |  | $ | 69,014 |  |  | $ | 210,254 |  |  | $ | 54,375 |
Basic net income per share attributable to Cimpress plc | $ | 7.04 |  |  | $ | 2.24 |  |  | $ | 7.41 |  |  | $ | 1.76 |
Diluted net income per share attributable to Cimpress plc | $ | 6.81 |  |  | $ | 2.17 |  |  | $ | 7.19 |  |  | $ | 1.70 |
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic | 27,036,675 |  |  | 30,863,339 |  |  | 28,391,855 |  |  | 30,873,478 |
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted | 27,916,759 |  |  | 31,820,497 |  |  | 29,223,116 |  |  | 31,913,510 |

____________________________________________
(1) Share-based compensation is allocated as follows:

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of revenue | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 278 |
Technology and development expense | 2,043 |  |  | (1,528 | ) |  | 3,777 |  |  | 680 |
Marketing and selling expense | 533 |  |  | (1,877 | ) |  | (778 | ) |  | (514 | )
General and administrative expense | 5,652 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 9,891 |  |  | 5,752 |
Restructuring expense | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | 772 |  |  | — |

See accompanying notes.
2

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited in thousands)

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 190,649 |  |  | $ | 69,037 |  |  | $ | 210,500 |  |  | $ | 54,043 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gains (losses), net of hedges | 3,180 |  |  | 2,463 |  |  | 1,620 |  |  | (82 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | 6,131 |  |  | (6,807 | ) |  | (1,057 | ) |  | (6,197 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income on derivative instruments | (1,145 | ) |  | 2,184 |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | 2,987 |
Comprehensive income | 198,815 |  |  | 66,877 |  |  | 214,069 |  |  | 50,751 |
Add: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (1,122 | ) |  | 3,401 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 4,116 |
Total comprehensive income attributable to Cimpress plc | $ | 197,693 |  |  | $ | 70,278 |  |  | $ | 214,617 |  |  | $ | 54,867 |

See accompanying notes.
3

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(unaudited in thousands)

| Ordinary Shares |  | Treasury Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2018 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | (13,206 | ) |  | $ | (685,577 | ) |  | $ | 395,682 |  |  | $ | 452,756 |  |  | $ | (69,814 | ) |  | $ | 93,662 |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 64 |  |  | (1,533 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,469 | )
Grant of restricted share awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  | (288 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (288 | )
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,856 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,856 |
Net loss attributable to Cimpress plc | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,639 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14,639 | )
Adoption of new accounting standard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,246 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,246 | )
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,413 |  |  | 1,413 |
Foreign currency translation, net of hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,185 | ) |  | (2,185 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | (13,188 | ) |  | $ | (685,801 | ) |  | $ | 403,005 |  |  | $ | 434,871 |  |  | $ | (70,586 | ) |  | $ | 82,104 |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 146 |  |  | (506 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (360 | )
Issuance of ordinary shares due to share option exercises, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | 2,887 |  |  | (445 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,442 |
Grant of restricted share awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 312 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 312 |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,997 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,997 | )
Purchase of ordinary shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | (118 | ) |  | (14,043 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,043 | )
Net income attributable to Cimpress plc | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69,014 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,014 |
Adjustment to noncontrolling interest for share forfeiture | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 591 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 591 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest accretion to redemption value | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,140 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,140 | )
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,623 | ) |  | (4,623 | )
Foreign currency translation, net of hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,887 |  |  | 5,887 |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | (13,238 | ) |  | $ | (696,499 | ) |  | $ | 396,648 |  |  | $ | 496,745 |  |  | $ | (69,322 | ) |  | $ | 128,187 |

See accompanying notes.
4

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)
(unaudited in thousands)

| Ordinary Shares |  | Deferred Ordinary Shares |  | Treasury Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2019 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (13,635 | ) |  | $ | (737,447 | ) |  | $ | 411,079 |  |  | $ | 537,422 |  |  | $ | (79,857 | ) |  | $ | 131,812 |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 87 |  |  | (259 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (172 | )
Grant of restricted share awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (187 | )
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,164 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,164 |
Purchase of ordinary shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,964 | ) |  | (232,286 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (232,286 | )
Net income attributable to Cimpress plc | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,031 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,031 |
Adoption of new accounting standards | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,143 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,143 |
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,037 | ) |  | (3,037 | )
Foreign currency translation, net of hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (70 | ) |  | (70 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (15,597 | ) |  | $ | (969,833 | ) |  | $ | 415,984 |  |  | $ | 560,596 |  |  | $ | (82,964 | ) |  | $ | (75,602 | )
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (152 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (97 | )
Issuance of ordinary shares due to share option exercises, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Issuance of deferred ordinary shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,228 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,228 |
Purchase of ordinary shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,280 | ) |  | (305,287 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (305,287 | )
Net income attributable to Cimpress plc | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 190,223 |  |  | — |  |  | 190,223 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest accretion to redemption value | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,493 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,493 | )
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,986 |  |  | 4,986 |
Foreign currency translation, net of hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,484 |  |  | 2,484 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 25 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | (17,875 | ) |  | $ | (1,275,057 | ) |  | $ | 424,058 |  |  | $ | 745,326 |  |  | $ | (75,494 | ) |  | $ | (180,524 | )

See accompanying notes.
5

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited in thousands)

| Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 210,500 |  |  | $ | 54,043 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 84,891 |  |  | 85,220 |
Share-based compensation expense | 13,847 |  |  | 6,196 |
Deferred taxes | (105,575 | ) |  | 8,244 |
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in net income | 7,548 |  |  | (9,581 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currency | 1,359 |  |  | (2,663 | )
Other non-cash items | 3,045 |  |  | 2,420 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (8,240 | ) |  | (11,866 | )
Inventory | (10,680 | ) |  | (9,454 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (2,255 | ) |  | (8,397 | )
Accounts payable | 24,432 |  |  | 48,839 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 46,225 |  |  | 42,489 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 265,097 |  |  | 205,490 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (28,094 | ) |  | (38,767 | )
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (4,272 | ) |  | (289,269 | )
Purchases of intangible assets | — |  |  | (22 | )
Capitalization of software and website development costs | (23,417 | ) |  | (21,921 | )
Proceeds from the sale of assets | 847 |  |  | 523 |
Other investing activities | 1,120 |  |  | (52 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (53,816 | ) |  | (349,508 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings of debt | 634,085 |  |  | 692,938 |
Payments of debt | (292,446 | ) |  | (474,997 | )
Payments of debt issuance costs | — |  |  | (1,471 | )
Payments of withholding taxes in connection with equity awards | (462 | ) |  | (2,125 | )
Payments of finance lease obligations | (5,364 | ) |  | (8,780 | )
Purchase of noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | (41,177 | )
Purchase of ordinary shares | (537,573 | ) |  | (14,043 | )
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares | 6 |  |  | 2,891 |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest | (3,921 | ) |  | (3,375 | )
Other financing activities | (1,715 | ) |  | — |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (207,390 | ) |  | 149,861 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (2,253 | ) |  | (1,806 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 1,638 |  |  | 4,037 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 35,279 |  |  | 44,227 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 36,917 |  |  | $ | 48,264 |

See accompanying notes.
6

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(unaudited in thousands)

| Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 33,313 |  |  | $ | 29,805 |
Income taxes | 5,183 |  |  | 10,961 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Capitalization of construction costs related to financing lease obligation (1) | — |  |  | 6,223 |
Property and equipment acquired under finance leases | 140 |  |  | 7,225 |
Amounts accrued related to business acquisitions | 2,831 |  |  | 5,729 |

____________________
(1) Due to our adoption of the new leasing standard on July 1, 2019, any costs previously capitalized for a build-to-suit lease and included in the financing lease obligation are now classified as an operating lease and the lease financing obligation has been de-recognized. Refer to Note 2 for additional details.
See accompanying notes.
7

CIMPRESS PLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited in thousands, except share and per share data)
1. Description of the Business
Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than a dozen businesses that specialize in mass customization, via which we deliver large volumes of individually small-sized customized orders for a broad spectrum of print, signage, photo merchandise, invitations and announcements, writing instruments, packaging, apparel and other categories. We invest in and build customer-focused, entrepreneurial mass customization businesses for the long term, which we manage in a decentralized, autonomous manner. Mass customization is a core element of the business model of each Cimpress business. We drive competitive advantage across Cimpress through a select few shared strategic capabilities that have the greatest potential to create Cimpress-wide value. We limit all other central activities to only those which absolutely must be performed centrally.
Irish Merger
On December 3, 2019, Cimpress moved its place of incorporation from the Netherlands to Ireland by a cross-border merger in which Cimpress N.V., a Dutch public limited company, merged with and into Cimpress plc, an Irish public limited company, with Cimpress plc surviving the Irish Merger. As a result of the Irish Merger, all of Cimpress N.V.'s outstanding ordinary shares, par value €0.01 per share, were exchanged on a one-for-one basis for newly issued ordinary shares, nominal value of €0.01 per share, of Cimpress plc, and Cimpress plc assumed all of Cimpress N.V.'s existing rights and obligations.
In conjunction with the Irish Merger, 25,000 Cimpress plc deferred ordinary shares were issued to meet the Irish statutory minimum capital requirements of an Irish public limited company. The deferred ordinary shares remain outstanding following the completion of the Irish Merger and will continue to be outstanding until redeemed or surrendered. These deferred ordinary shares (i) do not have any voting rights; (ii) do not entitle the holders thereof to any dividends or other distributions of Cimpress plc; and (iii) do not entitle the holders thereof to participate in the surplus assets of Cimpress plc on a winding-up beyond, in total, the nominal value of such deferred ordinary shares held. Accordingly, these deferred ordinary shares do not dilute the economic ownership of Cimpress plc shareholders.
The Irish Merger was accounted for as a merger between entities under common control. The historical financial statements of Cimpress N.V. for periods prior to the Irish Merger are considered to be the historical financial statements of Cimpress plc. The Irish Merger has not had and is not expected to have a material impact on how Cimpress conducts its day-to-day operations, its financial position, consolidated effective tax rate, results of operations or cash flows.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and, accordingly, do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods reported and of our financial condition as of the date of the interim balance sheet have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending June 30, 2020 or for any other period.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cimpress plc, its wholly owned subsidiaries, entities in which we maintain a controlling financial interest, and those entities in which we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in entities in which we cannot exercise significant influence, and the related equity securities do not have a readily determinable fair value, are accounted for using the cost method and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
8

Significant Accounting Policies
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 in our consolidated financial statements included in the Form 10-K for our year ended June 30, 2019. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies during three and six months ended December 31, 2019, except the adoption of the new lease accounting standard, as discussed below.
Share-based Compensation
Total share-based compensation expense was $8,433 and $13,847 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we recognized a net benefit in our consolidated statement of operations for share-based compensation costs of $2,720 and expense of $6,196 during the six months ended December 31, 2018.
During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we concluded the performance condition tied to our supplemental performance share units was no longer probable and reversed $15,397 of share-based compensation expense, resulting in a net benefit to operating income. As of December 31, 2019, we continue to believe the awards are not probable of achievement and recognized no expense in the current periods.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
The following table summarizes the components of other (expense) income, net:

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
(Losses) gains on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) | $ | (11,666 | ) |  | $ | 11,171 |  |  | $ | 7,691 |  |  | $ | 18,544 |
Currency-related gains (losses), net (2) | 2,645 |  |  | (1,023 | ) |  | (767 | ) |  | 1,074 |
Other (losses) gains | (19 | ) |  | (519 | ) |  | (290 | ) |  | 263 |
Total other (expense) income, net | $ | (9,040 | ) |  | $ | 9,629 |  |  | $ | 6,634 |  |  | $ | 19,881 |

_____________________

(1) | Primarily relates to both realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative currency forward and option contracts not designated as hedging instruments.

(2) | We have significant non-functional currency intercompany financing relationships that we may change at times and are subject to currency exchange rate volatility. The currency-related gains (losses), net for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are primarily driven by this intercompany activity. In addition, we have certain cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges, which hedge the remeasurement of certain intercompany loans, both presented in the same component above. Unrealized losses related to cross-currency swaps were $2,858 and unrealized gains were $1,820 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to unrealized gains of $2,080 and $1,243 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

Net Income Per Share Attributable to Cimpress plc
Basic net income per share attributable to Cimpress plc is computed by dividing net income attributable to Cimpress plc by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the respective period. Diluted net income per share attributable to Cimpress plc gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities, including share options, restricted share units (“RSUs”), restricted share awards ("RSAs") and performance share units ("PSUs"), if the effect of the securities is dilutive using the treasury stock method. Awards with performance or market conditions are included using the treasury stock method only if the conditions would have been met as of the end of the reporting period and their effect is dilutive.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the weighted-average number of ordinary shares:

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic | 27,036,675 |  |  | 30,863,339 |  |  | 28,391,855 |  |  | 30,873,478 |
Weighted average shares issuable upon exercise/vesting of outstanding share options/RSUs/RSAs | 880,084 |  |  | 957,158 |  |  | 831,261 |  |  | 1,040,032 |
Shares used in computing diluted net income per share attributable to Cimpress plc | 27,916,759 |  |  | 31,820,497 |  |  | 29,223,116 |  |  | 31,913,510 |

9

Lease Accounting
Lease accounting - adoption of ASC 842
On July 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842, Leases, using a modified retrospective transition approach. Under the modified retrospective approach, we recognized any cumulative impacts as of the adoption date within retained earnings on our consolidated balance sheet. We did not adjust the prior comparable period. Additionally, as part of our transition, we elected several practical expedients that streamlined the transition to the new guidance whereby we did not reassess the following:

• | whether a lease under the prior standard continues to meet the definition of a lease under the new standard;

• | whether the application of the new standard would have an impact on the classification of our existing leases, with the exception of our build-to-suit leases; and

• | the existence of any initial direct costs associated with our leases.

We also elected the practical expedient to account for our lease components as a single lease component rather than separating them into lease and nonlease components, which would have resulted in recognizing only the lease components in the measurement of our lease assets and liabilities. This expedient was applied to all underlying classes of assets we lease.
We elected the short-term lease exception policy, permitting us to not apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases, which are defined as leases with a term of twelve months or less. Short-term leases are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheet and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in our consolidated statement of operations. We determine the lease term by including the exercise of renewal options that are considered reasonably certain at lease inception.
The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of adopting the new lease standard as of the adoption date of July 1, 2019:

Consolidated Balance Sheet | As reported at June 30, 2019 |  | ASC 842 adjustments |  | Adjusted balance at July 1, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 78,065 |  |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | $ | 78,006 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 490,755 |  |  | (121,254 | ) |  | 369,501 |
Operating lease assets, net | — |  |  | 169,668 |  |  | 169,668 |
Deferred tax assets | 59,906 |  |  | (817 | ) |  | 59,089 |
Liabilities and shareholders' equity |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities, current | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37,342 |  |  | $ | 37,342 |
Other current liabilities | 27,881 |  |  | (12,569 | ) |  | 15,312 |
Lease financing obligation | 112,096 |  |  | (112,096 | ) |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities, non-current | — |  |  | 139,041 |  |  | 139,041 |
Other liabilities | 53,716 |  |  | (7,169 | ) |  | 46,547 |
Retained earnings | 537,422 |  |  | 2,989 |  |  | 540,411 |

The new standard impacted the classification of our build-to-suit leases for our Waltham, Massachusetts and Dallas, Texas building leases, which resulted in a change of their classification to operating leases. On July 1, 2019, we de-recognized the existing lease assets included within property, plant and equipment, net of $121,254, the related lease financing obligations of $124,665, and associated deferred rent of $418. This change resulted in an $817 decrease to deferred tax assets and a net increase to retained earnings of $2,989. In addition, on July 1, 2019, we recognized operating lease assets of $169,668 and operating lease liabilities of $176,383, inclusive of our Waltham, Massachusetts lease which commenced prior to the transition date. The difference between the operating lease assets and liabilities resulted from the reclassification of deferred rent and tenant allowance balances presented in other financial statement lines of the consolidated balance sheet, which are now included in the operating lease assets.
10

For the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, the change in lease classification for our build-to-suit leases resulted in a reduction to operating income within our consolidated statement of operations of $1,860 and $3,720, respectively, with a corresponding decrease to interest expense, net. In our consolidated statement of cash flows, the change in classification resulted in a decrease to cash from operating activities and increase to cash from financing activities of $1,955 during the six months ended December 31, 2019. Other than the impact from our build-to-suit leases, the new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of cash flows. Refer to Note 13 for additional lease disclosure.
Lease accounting policy
We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at contract inception. We consider an arrangement to be a lease if it conveys the right to control an identifiable asset for a period of time.
Lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and liabilities for operating and finance leases are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at lease commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. Our incremental borrowing rate approximates the interest rate on a collateralized basis for the economic environments where our leased assets are located, and is established by considering the credit spread associated with our existing debt arrangements, as well as observed market rates for instruments with a similar term to that of the lease payments. ROU assets also include any lease payments made at or before the lease commencement, as well as any initial direct costs incurred. Lease incentives received from the lessor are recognized as a reduction to the ROU asset.
Variable lease payments are excluded from the operating lease assets and liabilities and are recognized as expense in the period in which the obligation is incurred. Variable lease payments primarily include index-based rent escalation associated with some of our real estate leases, as well as property taxes and common area maintenance payments for most real estate leases, which are determined based on the costs incurred by the lessor. We also make variable lease payments for certain print equipment leases that are determined based on production volumes.
Our initial determination of the lease term is based on the facts and circumstances that exist at lease commencement. The lease term may include the effect of options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that those options will be exercised. We consider these options reasonably certain to be exercised based on our assessment of economic incentives, including the fair market rent for equivalent properties under similar terms and conditions, costs of relocating, availability of comparable replacement assets, and any related disruption to operations that would be experienced by not renewing the lease.
Operating leases are included in operating lease assets and current and non-current operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Finance lease assets are included in property, plant, and equipment, net, and the related liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
We have subleased a small amount of our equipment and real estate lease portfolio to third parties, making us the lessor. Most of these subleases meet the criteria for operating lease classification and the related sublease income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term within the consolidated statement of operations. To a lesser extent, we have leases in which we are the lessees, classify the leases as finance leases and have subleased the asset under similar terms, resulting in their classification as direct financing leases. For direct financing leases, we recognize a sublease receivable within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
New Accounting Standards Adopted
In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-15 "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)" (ASU 2018-15), which requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as assets or expense as incurred. The standard would be effective on July
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1, 2020 and we early adopted the new standard on July 1, 2019. The standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (Topic 815)," (ASU 2017-12), which better aligns a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. We adopted the amendment on its effective date of July 1, 2019. The standard requires a modified retrospective transition approach, and we recognized the cumulative effect of the change within shareholders' equity as of the date of adoption.
Upon transitioning to the new standard on July 1, 2019, we reversed the cumulative effect of expense previously recognized in earnings for the ineffective portion of our interest rate swap contracts, which resulted in an adjustment to retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive loss within our consolidated balance sheet of $153, net of tax. We will prospectively recognize any ineffectiveness associated with our effective and designated cash flow hedges within accumulated other comprehensive loss, rather than in earnings. These changes did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" (ASU 2016-02), which requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases. The standard also retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. We adopted the standard on its effective date of July 1, 2019. Refer to the information above for additional details of the adoption.
Issued Accounting Standards to be Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13 "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326)" (ASU 2016-13), which introduces a new accounting model for recognizing credit losses on certain financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. The standard is effective for us on July 1, 2020. We do not expect the effect of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
3. Fair Value Measurements
We use a three-level valuation hierarchy for measuring fair value and include detailed financial statement disclosures about fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

• | Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

• | Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

• | Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables summarize our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:
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| December 31, 2019
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swap contracts | $ | 3,048 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,048 |  |  | $ | — |
Currency forward contracts | 16,007 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,007 |  |  | — |
Currency option contracts | 3,463 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,463 |  |  | — |
Total assets recorded at fair value | $ | 22,518 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,518 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | (12,824 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,824 | ) |  | $ | — |
Currency forward contracts | (904 | ) |  | — |  |  | (904 | ) |  | — |
Currency option contracts | (447 | ) |  | — |  |  | (447 | ) |  | — |
Total liabilities recorded at fair value | $ | (14,175 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14,175 | ) |  | $ | — |

| June 30, 2019
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | — |
Currency forward contracts | 15,268 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,268 |  |  | — |
Currency option contracts | 4,765 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,765 |  |  | — |
Total assets recorded at fair value | $ | 20,177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,177 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | (12,895 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,895 | ) |  | $ | — |
Cross-currency swap contracts | (915 | ) |  | — |  |  | (915 | ) |  | — |
Currency forward contracts | (2,486 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,486 | ) |  | — |
Currency option contracts | (42 | ) |  | — |  |  | (42 | ) |  | — |
Total liabilities recorded at fair value | $ | (16,338 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (16,338 | ) |  | $ | — |

During the quarter ended December 31, 2019, and year ended June 30, 2019, there were no significant transfers in or out of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 classifications.
The valuations of the derivatives intended to mitigate our interest rate and currency risk are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument. This analysis utilizes observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, interest rate volatility, or spot and forward exchange rates, and reflects the contractual terms of these instruments, including the period to maturity. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparties' nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements.
Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparties' nonperformance risk in the fair value measurement. However, as of December 31, 2019, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall
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valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined that our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current liabilities approximated their estimated fair values. As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the carrying value of our debt, excluding debt issuance costs and debt discounts, was $1,381,063 and $1,035,585, respectively, and the fair value was $1,335,676 and $1,045,334, respectively. Our debt at December 31, 2019 includes variable-rate debt instruments indexed to LIBOR that resets periodically, as well as fixed-rate debt instruments. The estimated fair value of our debt was determined using available market information based on recent trades or activity of debt instruments with substantially similar risks, terms and maturities, which fall within Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of assets and liabilities disclosed above may not be representative of actual values that could have been or will be realized in the future.
4. Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swap contracts, cross-currency swap contracts, and currency forward and option contracts, to manage interest rate and foreign currency exposures. Derivatives are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge or net investment hedge, then the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. On July 1, 2019, we adopted the new hedge accounting standard, in which we no longer recognize the ineffective portion of an effective hedge within earnings, rather any ineffectiveness associated with any effective and designated hedge is recognized within accumulated other comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 2 for additional details.
The change in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges is recognized directly in earnings as a component of other (expense) income, net.
Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
We enter into interest rate swap contracts to manage variability in the amount of our known or expected cash payments related to a portion of our debt. Our objective in using interest rate swaps is to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. We designate our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the contract agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Realized gains or losses from interest rate swaps are recorded in earnings as a component of interest expense, net.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss related to interest rate swap contracts will be reclassified to interest expense, net as interest payments are accrued or made on our variable-rate debt. As of December 31, 2019, we estimate that $3,062 will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense during the twelve months ending December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, we had nine outstanding interest rate swap contracts indexed to USD LIBOR. These instruments were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk and have varying start dates and maturity dates through December 2025.

Interest rate swap contracts outstanding: |  | Notional Amounts
Contracts accruing interest as of December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 500,000 |
Contracts with a future start date |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 500,000 |

Hedges of Currency Risk
Cross-Currency Swap Contracts
From time to time, we execute cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges or net investment hedges. Cross-currency swaps involve an initial receipt of the notional amount in the hedge currency in exchange for our reporting currency based on a contracted exchange rate. Subsequently, we receive fixed rate payments in our reporting currency in exchange for fixed rate payments in the hedged currency over the life of the
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contract. At maturity, the final exchange involves the receipt of our reporting currency in exchange for the notional amount in the hedged currency.
Cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges are executed to mitigate our currency exposure to the interest receipts as well as the principal remeasurement and repayment associated with certain intercompany loans denominated in a currency other than our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. As of December 31, 2019, we had two outstanding cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges with a total notional amount of $124,808, both maturing during June 2024. We entered into the two cross-currency swap contracts to hedge the risk of changes in one Euro-denominated intercompany loan entered into with one of our consolidated subsidiaries that has the Euro as its functional currency.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to other (expense) income, net as interest payments are accrued or paid and upon remeasuring the intercompany loan. As of December 31, 2019, we estimate that $3,146 of income will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense, net during the twelve months ending December 31, 2020.
Other Currency Contracts
We execute currency forward and option contracts in order to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in various currencies against our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar.
As of December 31, 2019, we had nine currency forward contracts designated as net investment hedges with a total notional amount of $297,681, maturing during various dates through April 2025. We entered into these contracts to hedge the risk of changes in the U.S. dollar equivalent value of a portion of our net investment in two consolidated subsidiaries that have the Euro as their functional currency. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss are recognized as a component of our cumulative translation adjustment.
We have elected to not apply hedge accounting for all other currency forward and option contracts. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we have experienced volatility within other (expense) income, net in our consolidated statements of operations from unrealized gains and losses on the mark-to-market of outstanding currency forward and option contracts. We expect this volatility to continue in future periods for contracts for which we do not apply hedge accounting. Additionally, since our hedging objectives may be targeted at non-GAAP financial metrics that exclude non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, we may experience increased, not decreased, volatility in our GAAP results as a result of our currency hedging program.
As of December 31, 2019, we had the following outstanding currency derivative contracts that were not designated for hedge accounting and were used to hedge fluctuations in the U.S. dollar value of forecasted transactions or balances denominated in Australian Dollar, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Danish Krone, Euro, Indian Rupee, Mexican Peso, New Zealand Dollar, Norwegian Krone, Philippine Peso and Swedish Krona:

Notional Amount |  | Effective Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Number of Instruments |  | Index
$581,807 |  | February 2018 through December 2019 |  | Various dates through October 2024 |  | 617 |  | Various

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Financial Instrument Presentation
The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019. Our derivative asset and liability balances will fluctuate with interest rate and currency exchange rate volatility.

| December 31, 2019
| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount |  | Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | Other current assets / other assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Other liabilities |  | $ | (12,824 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,824 | )
Cross-currency swaps | Other assets |  | 3,048 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,048 |  |  | Other current liabilities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | 10,716 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,716 |  |  | Other liabilities |  | (429 | ) |  | — |  |  | (429 | )
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 13,764 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,764 |  |  |  |  | $ | (13,253 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (13,253 | )
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | $ | 6,819 |  |  | $ | (1,528 | ) |  | $ | 5,291 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | $ | (706 | ) |  | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | (475 | )
Currency option contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | 3,495 |  |  | (32 | ) |  | 3,463 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | (535 | ) |  | 88 |  |  | (447 | )
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 10,314 |  |  | $ | (1,560 | ) |  | $ | 8,754 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,241 | ) |  | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | (922 | )

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| June 30, 2019
| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount |  | Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | Other non-current assets |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | $ | (12,895 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,895 | )
Cross-currency swaps | Other non-current assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Other liabilities |  | (915 | ) |  | — |  |  | (915 | )
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts | Other non-current assets |  | 4,514 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,514 |  |  | Other liabilities |  | (2,397 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,397 | )
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 4,658 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,658 |  |  |  |  | $ | (16,207 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (16,207 | )
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | $ | 11,865 |  |  | $ | (1,111 | ) |  | $ | 10,754 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | $ | (127 | ) |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | (89 | )
Currency option contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | 4,793 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | 4,765 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | (42 | ) |  | — |  |  | (42 | )
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 16,658 |  |  | $ | (1,139 | ) |  | $ | 15,519 |  |  |  |  | $ | (169 | ) |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | (131 | )

The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments and their classification within comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

| Amount of Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Recognized in Comprehensive Income
| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps (1) | $ | 4,394 |  |  | $ | (5,686 | ) |  | $ | (196 | ) |  | $ | (4,436 | )
Cross-currency swaps | 1,737 |  |  | (1,121 | ) |  | (861 | ) |  | (1,761 | )
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swaps | — |  |  | 3,225 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,015 |
Currency forward contracts | (4,153 | ) |  | 5,433 |  |  | 8,565 |  |  | 7,319 |
Total | $ | 1,978 |  |  | $ | 1,851 |  |  | $ | 7,508 |  |  | $ | 6,137 |

___________________
(1) Upon transitioning to the new hedge accounting standard on July 1, 2019, we reversed the cumulative effect of expense recognized for the ineffective portion of our interest rate swap contracts, which resulted in an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss of $153, net of tax, which is included within the interest rate swap gain (loss) recognized for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019.
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The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Amount of Net Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income | Affected line item in the Statement of Operations
|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 209 |  | Interest expense, net
Cross-currency swaps |  | (2,026 | ) |  | 2,534 |  |  | 3,538 |  |  | 3,774 |  | Other (expense) income, net
Total before income tax |  | (1,541 | ) |  | 2,912 |  |  | 3,993 |  |  | 3,983 |  | Income before income taxes
Income tax |  | 396 |  |  | (728 | ) |  | (987 | ) |  | (996 | ) | Income tax (benefit) expense
Total |  | $ | (1,145 | ) |  | $ | 2,184 |  |  | $ | 3,006 |  |  | $ | 2,987 |  |

The following table presents the adjustment to fair value recorded within the consolidated statements of operations for derivative instruments for which we did not elect hedge accounting and de-designated derivative financial instruments that no longer qualify as hedging instruments in the period.

| Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Net Income | Affected line item in the Statement of Operations
|  | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Currency contracts |  | $ | (11,666 | ) |  | $ | 11,171 |  |  | $ | 7,691 |  |  | $ | 18,544 |  | Other (expense) income, net
Interest rate swaps (1) |  | — |  |  | (418 | ) |  | — |  |  | (214 | ) | Other (expense) income, net
Total |  | $ | (11,666 | ) |  | $ | 10,753 |  |  | $ | 7,691 |  |  | $ | 18,330 |  |

_____________________
(1) Upon our adoption of the new hedge accounting standard on July 1, 2019, we prospectively recognize any ineffectiveness associated with effective and designated hedges within accumulated other comprehensive loss, rather than in earnings.
5. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table presents a roll forward of amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax of $969 for the six months ended December 31, 2019:

| Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (1) |  | Gains (losses) on pension benefit obligation |  | Translation adjustments, net of hedges (2) |  | Total
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | (11,282 | ) |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | (68,371 | ) |  | $ | (79,857 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (1,057 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,414 |  |  | 1,357 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income | 3,006 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,006 |
Net current period other comprehensive income | 1,949 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,414 |  |  | 4,363 |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | (9,333 | ) |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | (65,957 | ) |  | $ | (75,494 | )

________________________
(1) Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges include our interest rate swap and cross-currency swap contracts designated in cash flow hedging relationships.
(2) As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the translation adjustment is inclusive of the effects of our net investment hedges, of which, unrealized gains of $7,834 and unrealized losses of $731, respectively, net of tax, have been included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
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6. Goodwill
The carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019 was as follows:

| Vistaprint |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other Businesses |  | Total
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | 145,961 |  |  | $ | 124,089 |  |  | $ | 198,363 |  |  | $ | 34,434 |  |  | $ | 216,033 |  |  | $ | 718,880 |
Acquisitions (1) | — |  |  | 6,879 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,879 |
Adjustments (2) | 3,919 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,919 | ) |  | — |
Effect of currency translation adjustments (3) | (116 | ) |  | (1,664 | ) |  | (2,922 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,702 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 149,764 |  |  | $ | 129,304 |  |  | $ | 195,441 |  |  | $ | 34,434 |  |  | $ | 212,114 |  |  | $ | 721,057 |

_________________
(1) During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we recognized goodwill related to an immaterial acquisition within our PrintBrothers reportable segment.
(2) Due to changes in the composition of our reportable segments during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we reclassified the goodwill associated with our Vistaprint Corporate Solutions reporting unit from All Other Businesses to our Vistaprint reportable segment. Refer to Note 12 for additional details on the changes in our reportable segments.
(3) Related to goodwill held by subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar.
7. Other Balance Sheet Components
Accrued expenses included the following:

| December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019
Compensation costs | $ | 56,519 |  |  | $ | 58,864 |
Income and indirect taxes (1) | 59,233 |  |  | 40,102 |
Advertising costs (1) | 42,327 |  |  | 22,289 |
Shipping costs (1) | 10,968 |  |  | 7,275 |
Production costs (1) | 10,475 |  |  | 9,261 |
Interest payable | 1,870 |  |  | 2,271 |
Sales returns | 5,868 |  |  | 5,413 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | 2,203 |  |  | 2,358 |
Professional fees | 3,038 |  |  | 2,786 |
Other | 44,670 |  |  | 44,096 |
Total accrued expenses | $ | 237,171 |  |  | $ | 194,715 |

___________________
(1) The increase in income and indirect taxes, advertising, shipping, and production costs is due to seasonal increases during our holiday season in the second quarter of our fiscal year.
Other current liabilities included the following:

| December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019
Current portion of finance lease obligations | $ | 8,538 |  |  | $ | 10,668 |
Current portion of lease financing obligation (1) | — |  |  | 12,569 |
Short-term derivative liabilities | 1,727 |  |  | 1,628 |
Other | 1,179 |  |  | 3,016 |
Total other current liabilities | $ | 11,444 |  |  | $ | 27,881 |

___________________
(1) Due to our adoption of the new leasing standard on July 1, 2019, our Waltham, MA, and Dallas, TX leases, which were previously classified as build-to-suit, are now classified as operating leases and therefore the lease financing obligation has been de-recognized. Refer to Note 2 for additional details.
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Other liabilities included the following:

| December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019
Long-term finance lease obligations | $ | 20,530 |  |  | $ | 16,036 |
Long-term derivative liabilities | 14,326 |  |  | 15,886 |
Other | 15,141 |  |  | 21,794 |
Total other liabilities | $ | 49,997 |  |  | $ | 53,716 |

8. Debt

| December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019
Senior secured credit facility | $ | 965,676 |  |  | $ | 621,224 |
7.0% Senior unsecured notes due 2026 | 400,000 |  |  | 400,000 |
Other | 15,387 |  |  | 14,361 |
Debt issuance costs and debt discounts | (10,773 | ) |  | (12,018 | )
Total debt outstanding, net | 1,370,290 |  |  | 1,023,567 |
Less: short-term debt (1) | 73,755 |  |  | 81,277 |
Long-term debt | $ | 1,296,535 |  |  | $ | 942,290 |

_____________________
(1) Balances as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019 are inclusive of short-term debt issuance costs and debt discounts of $2,419 for both periods presented.
Our Debt
Our various debt arrangements described below contain customary representations, warranties and events of default. As of December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all financial and other covenants related to our debt.
Senior Secured Credit Facility
As of December 31, 2019, we had a committed credit facility of $1,564,857 as follows:

• | Revolving loans of $1,087,257 with a maturity date of June 14, 2023

• | Term loans of $477,600 amortizing over the loan period, with a final maturity date of June 14, 2023

Under the terms of our credit agreement, borrowings bear interest at a variable rate of interest based on LIBOR plus 1.375% to 2.0%. Interest rates depend on our leverage ratio, which is the ratio of our consolidated total indebtedness to our consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2019, the weighted-average interest rate on outstanding borrowings was 3.39%, inclusive of interest rate swap rates. We are also required to pay a commitment fee on unused balances of 0.225% to 0.35% depending on our leverage ratio. We have pledged the assets and/or share capital of a number of our subsidiaries as collateral for our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2019.
Indenture and Senior Unsecured Notes
On June 15, 2018, we completed a private placement of $400,000 in aggregate principal amount of 7.0% senior unsecured notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). We issued the 2026 Notes pursuant to a senior notes indenture among Cimpress plc, our subsidiary guarantors, and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as trustee. We used the net proceeds from the 2026 Notes during fiscal 2018 to redeem all of the outstanding 7.0% senior unsecured notes due 2022, repay a portion of the indebtedness outstanding under our revolving credit facility and pay all related fees and expenses.
The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum and mature on June 15, 2026. Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year to the holders of record of the 2026 Notes at the close of business on June 1 and December 1, respectively, preceding such interest payment date.
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The 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment to all our existing and future senior unsecured debt and senior in right of payment to all of our existing and future subordinated debt. The Notes are effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured debt to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt. Subject to certain exceptions, each of our existing and future subsidiaries that is a borrower under or guarantees our senior secured credit facilities also guarantees the 2026 Notes.
We have the right to redeem, at any time prior to June 15, 2021, some or all of the 2026 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount redeemed, plus a make-whole amount as set forth in the indenture, plus, accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. In addition, we have the right to redeem, at any time prior to June 15, 2021, up to 40% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the 2026 Notes at a redemption price equal to 107% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date, with the net proceeds of certain equity offerings by Cimpress. At any time on or after June 15, 2021, we may redeem some or all of the Notes at the redemption prices specified in the indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date.
Other Debt
Other debt consists primarily of term loans acquired through our various acquisitions or used to fund certain capital investments. As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, we had $15,387 and $14,361, respectively, outstanding for those obligations that are payable through March 2025.
9. Income Taxes
Our income tax benefit was $93,795 and $87,680 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively, compared to an expense of $14,399 and $19,880 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018. During the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recognized a discrete deferred tax benefit of $114,114 related to Swiss Tax Reform, as discussed below. Without this benefit, tax expense would have increased, primarily attributable to increased pre-tax income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the same prior year periods. In addition, during the three months ended December 31, 2018 we recognized "Patent Box" tax benefits of $3,547 granted to our Pixartprinting business in Italy. Also, during the six months ended December 31, 2018, we recognized a decrease in deferred tax assets of $5,574 related to Notice 2018-68 issued by the United States Internal Revenue Service, which provided guidance regarding amendments to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code contained in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Excluding the effect of discrete tax adjustments, our estimated annual effective tax rate is higher for fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019 primarily due to tax impacts of changing Cimpress N.V.'s tax residency from the Netherlands to Ireland in February 2019, offset by an expectation of a more favorable geographical mix of consolidated earnings. Our effective tax rate continues to be negatively impacted by losses in certain jurisdictions where we are unable to recognize a tax benefit in the current period.
On October 25, 2019, the canton of Zurich enacted tax law changes by publishing the results of its referendum to adopt the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV Financing (TRAF), which we refer to as Swiss Tax Reform. Swiss Tax Reform is effective as of January 1, 2020 and includes the abolishment of various favorable federal and cantonal tax regimes. Swiss Tax Reform provides transitional relief measures for companies that are losing the tax benefit of a ruling, including a "step-up" for amortizable goodwill, equal to the amount of future tax benefit they would have received under their existing ruling, subject to certain limitations. We recognized a tax benefit of $114,114 to establish new Swiss deferred tax assets related to transitional relief measures and remeasuring our existing Swiss deferred tax assets and liabilities. We don't expect to realize the majority of this benefit until fiscal 2025 through fiscal 2030.
As of December 31, 2019, we had unrecognized tax benefits of $5,533, including accrued interest and penalties of $587. We recognize interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. If recognized, the entire amount of unrecognized tax benefits would reduce our tax expense. It is reasonably possible that a reduction in unrecognized tax benefits may occur within the next twelve months in the range of $400 to $800 related to the lapse of applicable statutes of limitations.
We conduct business in a number of tax jurisdictions and, as such, are required to file income tax returns in multiple jurisdictions globally. The years 2016 through 2019 remain open for examination by the IRS and the years 2013 through 2019 remain open for examination in the various states and non-US tax jurisdictions in which we file tax returns. We believe that our income tax reserves are adequately maintained taking into consideration both the
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technical merits of our tax return positions and ongoing developments in our income tax audits. However, the final determination of our tax return positions, if audited, is uncertain, and there is a possibility that final resolution of these matters could have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.
10. Noncontrolling Interests
For some of our subsidiaries, we own a controlling equity stake, and a third party or key member of the business' management team owns a minority portion of the equity. The balance sheet and operating activity of these entities are included in our consolidated financial statements and we adjust the net income in our consolidated statement of operations to exclude the noncontrolling interests' proportionate share of results. We present the proportionate share of equity attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests as temporary equity within our consolidated balance sheet and the proportionate share of noncontrolling interests not subject to a redemption provision that is outside of our control as equity. We recognize redeemable noncontrolling interests at fair value on the sale or acquisition date and adjust to the redemption value on a periodic basis with the offset to retained earnings in the consolidated balance sheet. If the formulaic redemption value exceeds the fair value of the noncontrolling interest, then the accretion to redemption value is offset to the net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in our consolidated statement of operations.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
PrintBrothers
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we sold a minority equity interest in each of the three businesses within our PrintBrothers reportable segment to members of the management team. We received proceeds of €50,173 ($57,046 based on the exchange rate on the date we received the proceeds) in exchange for an equity interest in each of the businesses ranging from 12% to 13%. As of June 30, 2019, we recognized the redeemable noncontrolling interest at fair value of $57,046. The put options associated with the redeemable noncontrolling interest are exercisable beginning in 2021, while the associated call options become exercisable in 2026. We recorded an adjustment of $5,493 to increase the carrying value to the estimated redemption amounts, with the offset recognized in retained earnings in the consolidated balance sheet, since the estimated redemption amounts were less than the fair value.
All Other Businesses
On October 1, 2018, we acquired approximately 99% of the outstanding equity interests of Build A Sign LLC. The remaining 1% is considered a redeemable noncontrolling equity interest, as it is redeemable for cash based on future financial results through put and call rights and not solely within our control. On the acquisition date, we recognized the redeemable noncontrolling interest at fair value of $3,356. As of December 31, 2019, the redemption value was less than the carrying value, and therefore no adjustment was required.
On July 2, 2018, we acquired approximately 73% of the shares of VIDA Group Co. The remaining 27% is considered a redeemable noncontrolling equity interest, as it is redeemable in the future not solely within our control. The shares we hold include certain liquidation preferences to all other share classes, and therefore the noncontrolling interest will bear any losses until the recoverable value of our investment declines below the stated redemption value. As of December 31, 2019, the redemption value is less than the carrying value and therefore no adjustment has been made.
The following table presents the reconciliation of changes in our noncontrolling interests:

|  | Redeemable noncontrolling interests
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 63,182 |
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest (1) |  | 3,995 |
Accretion to redemption value recognized in retained earnings (2) |  | 5,493 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | 246 |
Distribution to noncontrolling interest |  | (3,921 | )
Foreign currency translation |  | (794 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 68,201 |

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___________________
(1) During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we acquired majority equity interests related to two immaterial businesses within our PrintBrothers reportable segment.
(2) Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value recognized in retained earnings is the result of the redemption amount estimated to be greater than carrying value but less than fair value.
11. Variable Interest Entity ("VIE")
Investment in Printi LLC
As of December 31, 2019, we have a 53.7% equity interest in Printi LLC, which operates in Brazil, and the shareholders of Printi share profits and voting control on a pro-rata basis. We agreed to acquire all of the remaining equity interests in Printi through a reciprocal put and call structure, contractually exercisable from April 1, 2021 through a mandatory redemption date of July 31, 2023. This contractual obligation is presented as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet and we adjust the liability to its estimated redemption value each reporting period and recognize any changes within interest expense, net in our consolidated statement of operations. As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the carrying value of these liabilities is zero, based on their estimated redemption values.
In May 2017, we entered into an arrangement with two Printi equity holders to provide loans, which represent prepayments for our future purchase of their equity interests. The loans are payable on the date the put or call option is exercised and the loan proceeds will be used to offset our purchase of their remaining outstanding equity interest, which also serves as collateral. As of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, the net loan receivable including accrued interest was zero, since the collateral value of the related liabilities is estimated to have no value.
12. Segment Information
Our operating segments are based upon the manner in which our operations are managed and the availability of separate financial information reported internally to the Chief Executive Officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) for purposes of making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we revised our internal organizational and reporting structure leading to changes in our Vistaprint and All Other Businesses reportable segments. Our Vistaprint Corporate Solutions, Vistaprint India, and Vistaprint Japan businesses, which were previously aggregated based on materiality in our All Other Businesses, are now directly managed within the Vistaprint business. These businesses are close derivatives or adjacencies of the Vistaprint business and leverage the Vistaprint brand, customers, technology, and/or other assets. This change in reporting structure positions them closer to the Vistaprint operations, capabilities, and resources. We have revised our presentation of all prior periods presented to reflect our revised segment reporting.
As of December 31, 2019, we have numerous operating segments under our management reporting structure which are reported in the following five reportable segments:

• | Vistaprint - Includes the operations of our global Vistaprint websites and our Webs-branded business, which is managed with the Vistaprint-branded digital business. Also included is our Vistaprint Corporate Solutions business which serves medium-sized businesses and large corporations, as well as a legacy revenue stream with retail partners and franchise businesses

• | PrintBrothers - Includes the results of our druck.at, Printdeal, and WIRmachenDRUCK businesses

• | The Print Group - Includes the results of our Easyflyer, Exagroup, Pixartprinting, and Tradeprint businesses

• | National Pen - Includes the global operations of our National Pen business, which manufactures and markets custom writing instruments and promotional products, apparel and gifts

• | All Other Businesses - Includes a collection of businesses grouped together based on materiality:

◦ | BuildASign is an internet-based provider of canvas-print wall décor, business signage and other large-format printed products, based in Austin, Texas.

◦ | Printi is an online printing leader in Brazil, which offers a superior customer experience with transparent and attractive pricing, reliable service and quality.

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◦ | VIDA is an innovative startup that brings manufacturing access and an e-commerce marketplace to artists, thereby enabling artists to convert ideas into beautiful, original products for customers, ranging from custom fashion, jewelry and accessories to home accent pieces.

◦ | YSD is a startup operation that provides end-to-end mass customization solutions to brands and IP owners in China, supporting multiple channels including retail stores, websites, WeChat and e-commerce platforms to enhance brand awareness and competitiveness, and develop new markets.

Central and corporate costs consist primarily of the team of software engineers that is building our mass customization platform; shared service organizations such as global procurement; technology services such as hosting and security; administrative costs of our Cimpress India offices where numerous Cimpress businesses have dedicated business-specific team members; and corporate functions including our Board of Directors, CEO, and the team members necessary for managing corporate activities, such as treasury, tax, capital allocation, financial consolidation, internal audit and legal. These costs also include certain unallocated share-based compensation costs.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we changed our segment profitability measure to an adjusted EBITDA metric. The financial metric that we use to hold our businesses accountable on an annual basis is unlevered free cash flow. Historically, we have reported segment profit based on adjusted net operating profit; however, this is not a direct input to unlevered free cash flow. We believe this change simplifies both our internal and external reporting, while also increasing the focus on a profitability metric that is a direct input into our internal operating measure, to our steady-state free cash flow analysis that we report annually and to our estimates of intrinsic value per share.
The primary difference between the segment profit we previously reported and the revised metric is depreciation and amortization. The prior adjusted NOP-based metric only removed amortization of acquired intangibles, and the new segment EBITDA metric removes all depreciation and amortization, except for depreciation expense related to our Waltham, Massachusetts lease, which we treat in our historical results as operating expense. The new segment EBITDA metric does include the cost of long-term incentive programs, including share-based compensation, just as the prior adjusted NOP-based metric.
For awards granted under our 2016 Performance Equity Plan, the PSU expense value is based on a Monte Carlo fair value analysis and is required to be expensed on an accelerated basis. In order to ensure comparability in measuring our businesses' results, we allocate the straight-line portion of the fixed grant value to our businesses. Any expense in excess of the amount as a result of the fair value measurement of the PSUs and the accelerated expense profile of the awards is recognized within Central and corporate costs. All expense or benefit associated with our supplemental PSUs is recognized within Central and corporate costs.
Our definition of segment EBITDA is GAAP operating income excluding certain items, such as depreciation and amortization (with the exception of depreciation expense associated with our Waltham, Massachusetts lease for periods prior to our adoption of the new leasing standard on July 1, 2019), expense recognized for contingent earn-out related charges including the changes in fair value of contingent consideration and compensation expense related to cash-based earn-out mechanisms dependent upon continued employment, share-based compensation related to investment consideration, certain impairment expense, and restructuring charges. For historical periods presented, a portion of the interest expense associated with our Waltham, Massachusetts lease is included as expense in segment EBITDA and allocated based on headcount to the appropriate business or corporate and global function. The interest expense represents a portion of the cash rent payment and is considered an operating expense for purposes of measuring our segment performance. Beginning in fiscal 2020, as part of our adoption of the new leasing standard, the accounting treatment for our Waltham, Massachusetts lease has changed to an operating lease, so the expense associated with this lease is reflected in operating income and no longer requires an adjustment to segment EBITDA. We do not allocate non-operating income, including realized gains and losses on currency hedges, to our segment results.
Our All Other Businesses reportable segment includes businesses that have operating losses as they are in the early stage of investment relative to the scale of the underlying businesses, which may limit its comparability to other segments regarding segment EBITDA.
Our balance sheet information is not presented to the CODM on an allocated basis, and therefore we do not present asset information by segment. We do present other segment information to the CODM, which includes purchases of property, plant and equipment and capitalization of software and website development costs, and therefore include that information in the tables below.
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Revenue by segment is based on the business-specific websites or sales channel through which the customer’s order was transacted. The following tables set forth revenue by reportable segments, as well as disaggregation of revenue by major geographic regions and reportable segments.

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vistaprint (1) | $ | 433,305 |  |  | $ | 443,940 |  |  | $ | 776,476 |  |  | $ | 789,260 |
PrintBrothers (2) | 126,617 |  |  | 116,314 |  |  | 235,907 |  |  | 217,703 |
The Print Group (3) | 87,699 |  |  | 87,740 |  |  | 159,957 |  |  | 158,740 |
National Pen (4) | 127,985 |  |  | 132,951 |  |  | 198,148 |  |  | 198,922 |
All Other Businesses (5) | 49,774 |  |  | 48,256 |  |  | 92,050 |  |  | 55,971 |
Total segment revenue | 825,380 |  |  | 829,201 |  |  | 1,462,538 |  |  | 1,420,596 |
Inter-segment eliminations | (5,047 | ) |  | (3,634 | ) |  | (8,246 | ) |  | (6,048 | )
Total consolidated revenue | $ | 820,333 |  |  | $ | 825,567 |  |  | $ | 1,454,292 |  |  | $ | 1,414,548 |

_____________________
(1) Vistaprint segment revenues include inter-segment revenue of $2,525 and $3,853 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively, and $2,088 and $3,338 for the prior comparative periods, respectively.
(2) PrintBrothers segment revenues include inter-segment revenue of $329 and $572 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively, and $353 and $711 for the prior comparative periods, respectively.
(3) The Print Group segment revenues include inter-segment revenue of $986 and $1,418 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively, and $439 and $495 for the prior comparative periods, respectively.
(4) National Pen segment revenues include inter-segment revenue of $966 and $1,947 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 respectively, and $754 and $1,504 for the prior comparative periods, respectively.
(5) All Other Businesses segment revenues include inter-segment revenue of $241 and $456 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019. There was no inter-segment revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2018. Our All Other Businesses segment includes the revenue from our BuildASign acquisition from October 1, 2018.

| Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
| Vistaprint |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 284,345 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,400 |  |  | $ | 44,221 |  |  | $ | 382,966 |
Europe | 121,143 |  |  | 126,288 |  |  | 86,713 |  |  | 60,887 |  |  | — |  |  | 395,031 |
Other | 25,292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,732 |  |  | 5,312 |  |  | 42,336 |
Inter-segment | 2,525 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 986 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 5,047 |
Total segment revenue | 433,305 |  |  | 126,617 |  |  | 87,699 |  |  | 127,985 |  |  | 49,774 |  |  | 825,380 |
Less: inter-segment elimination | (2,525 | ) |  | (329 | ) |  | (986 | ) |  | (966 | ) |  | (241 | ) |  | (5,047 | )
Total external revenue | $ | 430,780 |  |  | $ | 126,288 |  |  | $ | 86,713 |  |  | $ | 127,019 |  |  | $ | 49,533 |  |  | $ | 820,333 |

| Six Months Ended December 31, 2019
| Vistaprint |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 531,430 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,942 |  |  | $ | 79,627 |  |  | $ | 706,999 |
Europe | 195,601 |  |  | 235,335 |  |  | 158,539 |  |  | 83,200 |  |  | — |  |  | 672,675 |
Other | 45,592 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,059 |  |  | 11,967 |  |  | 74,618 |
Inter-segment | 3,853 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 1,418 |  |  | 1,947 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 8,246 |
Total segment revenue | 776,476 |  |  | 235,907 |  |  | 159,957 |  |  | 198,148 |  |  | 92,050 |  |  | 1,462,538 |
Less: inter-segment elimination | (3,853 | ) |  | (572 | ) |  | (1,418 | ) |  | (1,947 | ) |  | (456 | ) |  | (8,246 | )
Total external revenue | $ | 772,623 |  |  | $ | 235,335 |  |  | $ | 158,539 |  |  | $ | 196,201 |  |  | $ | 91,594 |  |  | $ | 1,454,292 |

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| Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
| Vistaprint |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 285,304 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57,348 |  |  | $ | 41,911 |  |  | $ | 384,563 |
Europe | 130,731 |  |  | 115,961 |  |  | 87,301 |  |  | 62,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 396,466 |
Other | 25,817 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,376 |  |  | 6,345 |  |  | 44,538 |
Inter-segment | 2,088 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 439 |  |  | 754 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,634 |
Total segment revenue | 443,940 |  |  | 116,314 |  |  | 87,740 |  |  | 132,951 |  |  | 48,256 |  |  | 829,201 |
Less: inter-segment elimination | (2,088 | ) |  | (353 | ) |  | (439 | ) |  | (754 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,634 | )
Total external revenue | $ | 441,852 |  |  | $ | 115,961 |  |  | $ | 87,301 |  |  | $ | 132,197 |  |  | $ | 48,256 |  |  | $ | 825,567 |

| Six Months Ended December 31, 2018
| Vistaprint |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 531,425 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,906 |  |  | $ | 43,639 |  |  | $ | 670,970 |
Europe | 207,402 |  |  | 216,992 |  |  | 158,245 |  |  | 83,509 |  |  | — |  |  | 666,148 |
Other | 47,095 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,003 |  |  | 12,332 |  |  | 77,430 |
Inter-segment | 3,338 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 1,504 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,048 |
Total segment revenue | 789,260 |  |  | 217,703 |  |  | 158,740 |  |  | 198,922 |  |  | 55,971 |  |  | 1,420,596 |
Less: inter-segment elimination | (3,338 | ) |  | (711 | ) |  | (495 | ) |  | (1,504 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,048 | )
Total external revenue | $ | 785,922 |  |  | $ | 216,992 |  |  | $ | 158,245 |  |  | $ | 197,418 |  |  | $ | 55,971 |  |  | $ | 1,414,548 |

The following table includes segment EBITDA by reportable segment, total income from operations and total income before income taxes.

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Segment EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vistaprint | $ | 132,160 |  |  | $ | 96,963 |  |  | $ | 212,740 |  |  | $ | 156,957 |
PrintBrothers | 16,459 |  |  | 11,691 |  |  | 27,236 |  |  | 22,262 |
The Print Group | 18,105 |  |  | 16,368 |  |  | 31,739 |  |  | 28,214 |
National Pen | 28,099 |  |  | 26,634 |  |  | 18,249 |  |  | 10,166 |
All Other Businesses | 3,668 |  |  | (2,294 | ) |  | 5,385 |  |  | (7,016 | )
Total segment EBITDA | 198,491 |  |  | 149,362 |  |  | 295,349 |  |  | 210,583 |
Central and corporate costs | (31,707 | ) |  | (13,124 | ) |  | (58,637 | ) |  | (42,411 | )
Depreciation and amortization | (42,356 | ) |  | (44,502 | ) |  | (84,891 | ) |  | (85,220 | )
Waltham, MA lease depreciation adjustment (1) | — |  |  | 1,030 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,060 |
Share-based compensation related to investment consideration | — |  |  | (2,893 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,893 | )
Certain impairments and other adjustments | (936 | ) |  | (65 | ) |  | (760 | ) |  | 22 |
Restructuring-related charges | (1,897 | ) |  | (1,026 | ) |  | (4,087 | ) |  | (1,196 | )
Interest expense for Waltham, MA lease (1) | — |  |  | 1,833 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,682 |
Total income from operations | 121,595 |  |  | 90,615 |  |  | 146,974 |  |  | 84,627 |
Other (expense) income, net | (9,040 | ) |  | 9,629 |  | — |  | 6,634 |  |  | 19,881 |
Interest expense, net | (15,701 | ) |  | (16,808 | ) | — |  | (30,788 | ) |  | (30,585 | )
Income before income taxes | $ | 96,854 |  |  | $ | 83,436 |  |  | $ | 122,820 |  |  | $ | 73,923 |

___________________
(1) Upon the adoption of the new leasing standard on July 1, 2019, our Waltham, MA lease, which was previously classified as build-to-suit, is now classified as an operating lease under the new standard. Therefore, the Waltham depreciation and interest expense adjustments that were made in comparative periods will no longer be made beginning in the first fiscal quarter of 2020, as any impact from the Waltham lease will be reflected in operating income. Refer to Note 2 for additional details.
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| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vistaprint | $ | 15,781 |  |  | $ | 17,357 |  |  | $ | 32,056 |  |  | $ | 34,678 |
PrintBrothers | 5,553 |  |  | 5,663 |  |  | 10,808 |  |  | 12,076 |
The Print Group | 6,609 |  |  | 7,687 |  |  | 12,842 |  |  | 15,418 |
National Pen | 5,523 |  |  | 5,319 |  |  | 11,104 |  |  | 10,443 |
All Other Businesses | 5,888 |  |  | 5,259 |  |  | 11,861 |  |  | 5,842 |
Central and corporate costs | 3,002 |  |  | 3,217 |  |  | 6,220 |  |  | 6,763 |
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 42,356 |  |  | $ | 44,502 |  |  | $ | 84,891 |  |  | $ | 85,220 |

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Purchases of property, plant and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vistaprint | $ | 6,192 |  |  | $ | 9,378 |  |  | $ | 10,697 |  |  | $ | 21,434 |
PrintBrothers | 668 |  |  | 647 |  |  | 999 |  |  | 2,376 |
The Print Group | 4,889 |  |  | 2,787 |  |  | 8,994 |  |  | 4,783 |
National Pen | 761 |  |  | 2,308 |  |  | 2,777 |  |  | 7,035 |
All Other Businesses | 595 |  |  | 2,362 |  |  | 2,370 |  |  | 2,647 |
Central and corporate costs | 796 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 2,257 |  |  | 492 |
Total purchases of property, plant and equipment | $ | 13,901 |  |  | $ | 17,741 |  |  | $ | 28,094 |  |  | $ | 38,767 |

| Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Capitalization of software and website development costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vistaprint | $ | 5,625 |  |  | $ | 6,208 |  |  | $ | 12,290 |  |  | $ | 13,466 |
PrintBrothers | 291 |  |  | 517 |  |  | 622 |  |  | 804 |
The Print Group | 424 |  |  | 703 |  |  | 875 |  |  | 1,198 |
National Pen | 979 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 1,815 |  |  | 1,476 |
All Other Businesses | 1,116 |  |  | 871 |  |  | 2,079 |  |  | 961 |
Central and corporate costs | 2,511 |  |  | 1,813 |  |  | 5,736 |  |  | 4,016 |
Total capitalization of software and website development costs | $ | 10,946 |  |  | $ | 10,688 |  |  | $ | 23,417 |  |  | $ | 21,921 |

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The following table sets forth long-lived assets by geographic area:

| December 31, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019
Long-lived assets (1): |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 169,989 |  |  | $ | 57,118 |
Netherlands | 98,624 |  |  | 73,601 |
Canada | 75,055 |  |  | 73,447 |
Switzerland | 62,140 |  |  | 57,488 |
Italy | 50,261 |  |  | 43,203 |
Jamaica | 21,218 |  |  | 21,267 |
Australia | 21,273 |  |  | 20,749 |
France | 25,312 |  |  | 18,533 |
Japan | 16,364 |  |  | 17,768 |
Other | 106,603 |  |  | 79,006 |
Total | $ | 646,839 |  |  | $ | 462,180 |

___________________
(1) Excludes goodwill of $721,057 and $718,880, intangible assets, net of $235,031 and $262,701, and deferred tax assets of $160,058 and $59,906 as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2019, respectively. Build-to-suit lease assets of $124,408 are excluded for the year ended June 30, 2019, and upon our adoption of ASC 842 on July 1, 2019, our Waltham, MA and Dallas, TX build-to-suit lease asset balances were de-recognized.
As of December 31, 2019, all operating lease assets are recognized within the balances above. Refer to Note 2 for additional details.
13. Leases
We lease certain machinery and plant equipment, office space, and production and warehouse facilities under non-cancelable operating leases that expire on various dates through 2034. Our finance leases primarily relate to machinery and plant equipment.
The following table presents the classification of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019:

Leases |  | Consolidated Balance Sheet Classification |  | December 31, 2019
Assets: |  |  |  |
Operating right-of-use assets |  | Operating lease assets, net |  | $ | 173,156 |
Finance right-of-use assets |  | Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | 65,953 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  | $ | 239,109 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities |  | Operating lease liabilities, current |  | $ | 37,698 |
Finance lease liabilities |  | Other current liabilities |  | 8,538 |
Non-current |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities |  | Operating lease liabilities, non-current |  | 143,276 |
Finance lease liabilities |  | Other liabilities |  | 20,530 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 210,042 |

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The following table represents the lease expenses for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2019
Operating lease expense |  | $ | 10,573 |  |  | $ | 21,454 |
Finance lease expense: |  |  |  |
Amortization of finance lease assets |  | 1,550 |  |  | 3,205 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 263 |  |  | 440 |
Variable lease expense |  | 2,731 |  |  | 5,625 |
Less: sublease income |  | (809 | ) |  | (1,759 | )
Net lease cost |  | $ | 3,735 |  |  | $ | 7,511 |

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:

| Operating lease obligations |  | Finance lease obligations |  | Total lease obligations
2020 | $ | 21,883 |  |  | $ | 10,210 |  |  | $ | 32,093 |
2021 | 40,076 |  |  | 7,665 |  |  | 47,741 |
2022 | 33,397 |  |  | 5,484 |  |  | 38,881 |
2023 | 27,454 |  |  | 3,280 |  |  | 30,734 |
2024 | 22,401 |  |  | 1,718 |  |  | 24,119 |
Thereafter | 55,329 |  |  | 2,311 |  |  | 57,640 |
Total | 200,540 |  |  | 30,668 |  |  | 231,208 |
Less: present value discount | (19,566 | ) |  | (1,600 | ) |  | (21,166 | )
Lease liability | $ | 180,974 |  |  | $ | 29,068 |  |  | $ | 210,042 |

As previously disclosed in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and under the previous lease accounting standard, the following is a summary of future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases and build-to-suit arrangements as of June 30, 2019:

| Operating lease obligations |  | Build-to-suit lease obligations (1) |  | Finance lease obligations |  | Total lease obligations
2020 | $ | 30,269 |  |  | $ | 13,482 |  |  | $ | 11,468 |  |  | $ | 55,219 |
2021 | 22,849 |  |  | 13,836 |  |  | 6,414 |  |  | 43,099 |
2022 | 16,592 |  |  | 13,877 |  |  | 3,724 |  |  | 34,193 |
2023 | 12,553 |  |  | 12,426 |  |  | 2,544 |  |  | 27,523 |
2024 | 9,032 |  |  | 12,163 |  |  | 1,565 |  |  | 22,760 |
Thereafter | 8,338 |  |  | 40,656 |  |  | 2,403 |  |  | 51,397 |
Total | $ | 99,633 |  |  | $ | 106,440 |  |  | $ | 28,118 |  |  | $ | 234,191 |

___________________
(1) Build-to-suit minimum payments at June 30, 2019 related to our Waltham, MA and Dallas, TX leases, refer to Note 2 for additional details.
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Other information about leases is as follows:

Lease Term and Discount Rate |  | December 31, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |  |
Operating leases |  | 4.40 |
Finance leases |  | 4.61 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |
Operating leases |  | 3.40 | %
Finance leases |  | 3.49 | %

Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 15 years, inclusive of renewal or termination options that we are reasonably certain to exercise.

|  | Six Months Ended
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |  | December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities: |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 21,118 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  | 440 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  | 5,364 |

14. Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Obligations
At December 31, 2019, we had unrecorded commitments under contract of $119,028, including third-party web services of $68,730 and inventory and third-party fulfillment purchase commitments of $20,394. In addition, we had purchase commitments for professional and consulting fees of $6,125, production and computer equipment purchases of $5,078, commitments for advertising campaigns of $1,419, and other unrecorded purchase commitments of $17,282.
Other Obligations
We deferred payments for several of our acquisitions resulting in the recognition of a liability of $2,831 in aggregate as of December 31, 2019.
Legal Proceedings
We are not currently party to any material legal proceedings. Although we cannot predict with certainty the results of litigation and claims to which we may be subject from time to time, we do not expect the resolution of any of our current matters to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. For all legal matters, at each reporting period, we evaluate whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. We expense the costs relating to our legal proceedings as those costs are incurred.
15. Restructuring Charges
Restructuring costs include one-time employee termination benefits, acceleration of share-based compensation, write-off of assets and other related costs including third-party professional and outplacement services. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, we recognized restructuring charges of $1,897 and $4,087 consisting of charges of $1,697 and $3,358, respectively, within our Vistaprint reportable segment as we continue to evolve our organizational structure; charges of $535 in our All Other Businesses reportable segment for the six months ended December 31, 2019, related to reorganization initiatives; and immaterial charges recognized within The Print Group reportable segment.
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During the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, we recognized restructuring charges of $1,026 and $1,196, respectively, related primarily to two actions that were substantially complete as of December 31, 2018.
The following table summarizes the restructuring activity during the six months ended December 31, 2019:

| Severance and Related Benefits |  | Other Restructuring Costs |  | Total
Accrued restructuring liability as of June 30, 2019 | $ | 3,045 |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | 3,212 |
Restructuring charges | 3,778 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 4,087 |
Cash payments | (2,333 | ) |  | (423 | ) |  | (2,756 | )
Non-cash charges (1) | (772 | ) |  | — |  |  | (772 | )
Accrued restructuring liability as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 3,718 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 3,771 |

___________________
(1) Non-cash charges primarily include acceleration of share-based compensation expenses.
16. Related Party Transaction
On November 5, 2019, we repurchased 750,000 of our outstanding ordinary shares, par value €0.01 per share, from two private investment partnerships affiliated with Prescott General Partners LLC (“PGP”) at a price of $135.00 per share, representing a discount of $1.05 to the closing price of our ordinary shares on November 5, 2019 (the “Transaction”).
PGP remains our largest shareholder, beneficially owning 3,906,492 of our outstanding ordinary shares immediately following the Transaction. In addition, Scott J. Vassalluzzo, a Managing Member of PGP, serves as a member of Cimpress’ Board of Directors. In light of the foregoing, the disinterested members of Cimpress’ Audit Committee reviewed the Transaction under our related person transaction policy and considered, among other things, Mr. Vassalluzzo’s and PGP’s interest in the Transaction, the approximate dollar value of the Transaction, that the shares were being repurchased at a discount to the closing price, and the purpose and the potential benefits to Cimpress of entering into the Transaction. Based on these considerations, the disinterested members of the Audit Committee concluded that the Transaction was in our best interest. The Transaction was effected pursuant to the share repurchase program approved by Cimpress’ Board of Directors and announced on February 12, 2019.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The statements contained in this Report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including but not limited to our statements about the anticipated growth, development and profitability of certain of our businesses, sufficiency of our cash, expectations for future share repurchases, expected impacts of our advertising spend initiatives, legal proceedings, expected currency volatility, the anticipated competitive position of certain of our businesses in Europe, the development and anticipated benefits to our businesses of our mass customization platform, and the expected impacts of Swiss tax reform. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “may,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “designed,” “potential,” “continue,” “target,” “seek” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this Report are based on information available to us up to, and including the date of this document, and we disclaim any obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including but not limited to flaws in the assumptions and judgments upon which our forecasts and estimates are based; our failure to execute our strategy; our inability to make the investments in our business that we plan to make or the failure of those investments to achieve the results we expect; our failure to address performance issues in some of our businesses; the failure of the businesses we acquire or invest in to perform as expected; our failure to develop and deploy our mass customization platform or the failure of the platform to drive the performance, efficiencies, and competitive advantage we expect; loss of key personnel or our inability to recruit talented personnel to drive performance of our businesses; unanticipated changes in our markets, customers, or businesses; changes in the laws and regulations, or in the interpretation of laws and regulations, that affect our businesses, including changes in the timing of or regulations included in Swiss tax reform; our failure to attract new customers and retain our current customers; our failure to manage the growth and complexity of our business and expand our operations; the willingness of purchasers of customized products and services to shop online; our failure to maintain compliance with the covenants in our senior secured revolving credit facility and senior unsecured notes or to pay our debts when due; competitive pressures; general economic conditions; and other factors described in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 and the other documents we periodically file with the SEC.
Executive Overview
Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than a dozen businesses that specialize in mass customization, via which we deliver large volumes of individually small-sized customized orders for a broad spectrum of print, signage, photo merchandise, invitations and announcements, writing instruments, packaging, apparel and other categories. We invest in and build customer-focused, entrepreneurial mass customization businesses for the long term, which we manage in a decentralized, autonomous manner. We drive competitive advantage across Cimpress through a select few shared strategic capabilities that have the greatest potential to create Cimpress-wide value. We limit all other central activities to only those which absolutely must be performed centrally.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we revised our internal organizational and reporting structure leading to changes in our Vistaprint and All Other Businesses reportable segments. Our Vistaprint Corporate Solutions, Vistaprint India, and Vistaprint Japan businesses, which were previously aggregated based on materiality in our All Other Businesses, are now directly managed within the Vistaprint business. These businesses are close derivatives or adjacencies of the Vistaprint business and leverage the Vistaprint brand, customers, technology, and other assets. This change in reporting structure will position them closer to the Vistaprint operations, capabilities, and resources. We have revised our presentation of all prior periods presented to reflect our revised segment reporting.
In addition, we changed our segment profitability measure to an adjusted EBITDA metric in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The financial metric that we use to hold our businesses accountable on an annual basis is unlevered free cash flow. Historically, we have reported segment profit based on adjusted net operating profit; however, this is not a direct input to unlevered free cash flow. We believe this change simplifies both our internal and external reporting, while also increasing the focus on a profitability metric that is a direct input into our internal operating measure, to our steady-state free cash flow analysis that we report annually and to our estimates of intrinsic value per share. The most significant change, when compared to our prior segment profit metric, is the exclusion of all depreciation and amortization expense, versus our prior profitability metric which only excluded amortization expense associated with our acquired intangible assets. Refer to Note 12 in our accompanying consolidated
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financial statements for additional information relating to the definition of segment EBITDA. We also include below adjusted EBITDA, at a consolidated level, which is the most comparable measure to our definition of segment EBITDA. Refer below for our definitions of non-GAAP measures.
As of December 31, 2019, we have numerous operating segments under our management reporting structure that are reported in the following five reportable segments: Vistaprint, PrintBrothers, The Print Group, National Pen, and All Other Businesses. Refer to Note 12 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information relating to our reportable segments and our segment financial measures.
Financial Summary
The primary financial metric by which we set quarterly and annual budgets both for individual businesses and Cimpress wide is our adjusted free cash flow before cash interest expense related to borrowing; however, in evaluating the financial condition and operating performance of our business, management considers a number of metrics including revenue growth, constant-currency revenue growth, operating income, adjusted EBITDA, cash flow from operations and adjusted free cash flow. A summary of these key financial metrics for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the three and six months ended December 31, 2018 follows:
Second Quarter 2020

• | Revenue decreased by 1% to $820.3 million.

• | Consolidated constant-currency revenue (a non-GAAP financial measure) increased by 1% and remained flat when excluding acquisitions completed in the last four quarters.

• | Operating income increased by $31.0 million to $121.6 million.

• | Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure) increased by $47.4 million to $185.5 million.

Year to Date 2020

• | Revenue increased by 3% to $1,454.3 million.

• | Consolidated constant-currency revenue increased by 5% and increased by 2% when excluding acquisitions completed in the last four quarters.

• | Operating income increased by $62.3 million to $147.0 million.

• | Adjusted EBITDA increased by $84.5 million to $265.0 million.

• | Cash provided by operating activities increased by $59.6 million to $265.1 million.

• | Adjusted free cash flow (a non-GAAP financial measure) increased by $68.8 million to $213.6 million.

For the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the decrease in reported revenue is primarily due to the decline in our Vistaprint and National Pen reportable segments, driven by planned reductions in advertising spend, offset by growth in our PrintBrothers, The Print Group, and All Other Businesses reportable segments. Currency exchange rate fluctuations negatively impacted revenue during the current quarter.
For the second quarter of fiscal 2020, operating income increased as compared to the prior comparative period due to profitability improvements across all of our segments, driven by planned reductions in advertising spend for our Vistaprint and National Pen businesses combined with operational improvements in several of our businesses. Additionally, net investments in our early-stage businesses decreased primarily due to actions we have taken to improve the efficiency and focus of our Printi business. These profit improvements were partially offset by increased share-based compensation expense, as in the comparative period we realized a non-recurring benefit to operating income due to the reversal of previously recognized expense associated with our supplemental PSUs as we concluded their performance condition was not probable of being met. In addition, we increased investments in technology, professional service fees related to strategic projects and our Irish merger, and restructuring charges.
Adjusted EBITDA increased year-over-year primarily due to the same reasons as operating income mentioned above. Adjusted EBITDA includes the realized gains or losses on our currency derivatives intended to hedge adjusted EBITDA, and the net year-over-year impact of currency on consolidated adjusted EBITDA was insignificant.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
Consolidated Revenue
Our businesses generate revenue primarily from the sale and shipment of customized manufactured products. To a much lesser extent (and only in our Vistaprint business) we provide digital services, website design and hosting, and email marketing services, as well as generate a small percentage of revenue from order referral fees and other third-party offerings. For additional discussion relating to segment revenue results, refer to the "Reportable Segment Results" section included below.
Total revenue and revenue growth by reportable segment for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are shown in the following table:

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Currency Impact: |  | Constant- Currency |  | Impact of Acquisitions/Divestitures: |  | Constant- Currency Revenue Growth
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Revenue Growth (1) |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Excluding Acquisitions/Divestitures (2)
Vistaprint | $ | 433,305 |  |  | $ | 443,940 |  |  | (2)% |  | —% |  | (2)% |  | —% |  | (2)%
PrintBrothers | 126,617 |  |  | 116,314 |  |  | 9% |  | 3% |  | 12% |  | (4)% |  | 8%
The Print Group | 87,699 |  |  | 87,740 |  |  | —% |  | 3% |  | 3% |  | —% |  | 3%
National Pen | 127,985 |  |  | 132,951 |  |  | (4)% |  | 1% |  | (3)% |  | —% |  | (3)%
All Other Businesses | 49,774 |  |  | 48,256 |  |  | 3% |  | 1% |  | 4% |  | —% |  | 4%
Inter-segment eliminations | (5,047 | ) |  | (3,634 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 820,333 |  |  | $ | 825,567 |  |  | (1)% |  | 2% |  | 1% |  | (1)% |  | —%

In thousands | Six Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Currency Impact: |  | Constant- Currency |  | Impact of Acquisitions/Divestitures: |  | Constant- Currency Revenue Growth
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Revenue Growth (1) |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Excluding Acquisitions/Divestitures (2)
Vistaprint | $ | 776,476 |  |  | $ | 789,260 |  |  | (2)% |  | 1% |  | (1)% |  | —% |  | (1)%
PrintBrothers | 235,907 |  |  | 217,703 |  |  | 8% |  | 4% |  | 12% |  | (2)% |  | 10%
The Print Group | 159,957 |  |  | 158,740 |  |  | 1% |  | 4% |  | 5% |  | —% |  | 5%
National Pen | 198,148 |  |  | 198,922 |  |  | —% |  | 1% |  | 1% |  | —% |  | 1%
All Other Businesses (3) | 92,050 |  |  | 55,971 |  |  | 64% |  | 1% |  | 65% |  | (62)% |  | 3%
Inter-segment eliminations | (8,246 | ) |  | (6,048 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 1,454,292 |  |  | $ | 1,414,548 |  |  | 3% |  | 2% |  | 5% |  | (3)% |  | 2%

_________________
(1) Constant-currency revenue growth, a non-GAAP financial measure, represents the change in total revenue between current and prior year periods at constant-currency exchange rates by translating all non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue generated in the current period using the prior year period’s average exchange rate for each currency to the U.S. dollar. Our reportable segments-related growth is inclusive of inter-segment revenues, which are eliminated in our consolidated results.
(2) Constant-currency revenue growth excluding acquisitions/divestitures, a non-GAAP financial measure, excludes revenue results for businesses in the period in which there is no comparable year-over-year revenue. Revenue from our fiscal year 2019 acquisitions is excluded from fiscal year 2020 revenue growth for quarters with no comparable year-over-year revenue. For example, revenue from BuildASign, which we acquired on October 1, 2018 in Q2 2019, is excluded from revenue growth in Q1 of fiscal year 2019, with no Q1 results in the comparable period, but is included in organic revenue growth starting in Q2 of fiscal year 2020 and will be included in future quarters. Our reportable segments-related growth is inclusive of inter-segment revenues, which are eliminated in our consolidated results.
(3) The All Other Businesses segment includes the revenue of the BuildASign business from its acquisition date of October 1, 2018. Constant-currency revenue growth excluding acquisitions/divestitures excludes the revenue results for BuildASign since their acquisition date.
We have provided these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they provide meaningful information regarding our results on a consistent and comparable basis for the periods presented. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to evaluate our operating results. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered supplemental to and not a substitute for our reported financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
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Consolidated Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes materials used by our businesses to manufacture their products, payroll and related expenses for production and design services personnel, depreciation of assets used in the production process and in support of digital marketing service offerings, shipping, handling and processing costs, third-party production costs, costs of free products and other related costs of products our businesses sell.

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of revenue | $ | 394,018 |  |  | $ | 411,496 |  |  | $ | 719,683 |  |  | $ | 713,967 |
% of revenue | 48.0 | % |  | 49.8 | % |  | 49.5 | % |  | 50.5 | %

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, consolidated cost of revenue decreased by $17.5 million, primarily due to the decrease in order volume from the comparable period in our Vistaprint business as well as cost benefits realized from more effective management of shipping costs and improved plant efficiencies due to these lower order volumes, as well as aggregate benefits of currency. This decline was offset by increased cost of revenue from the PrintBrothers businesses due to revenue growth, which was partially impacted by the vertical integration of a former supplier in one of our businesses during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.
For the six months ended December 31, 2019, consolidated cost of revenue increased by $5.7 million partially due to the addition of cost of revenue of $21.0 million from our BuildASign business, which was acquired on October 1, 2018 and is therefore not included for part of the comparable period. The cost of revenue for our PrintBrothers businesses increased by $12.3 million, primarily due to revenue growth in our WIRmachenDRUCK business. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in cost of revenue in our Vistaprint business of $24.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2019, for the same reasons described above, as well as aggregate benefits of currency.
Consolidated Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes our comparative operating expenses for the following periods:

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018
Technology and development expense | $ | 64,427 |  |  | $ | 56,707 |  |  | 14 | % |  | $ | 127,594 |  |  | $ | 114,885 |  |  | 11 | %
% of revenue | 7.9 | % |  | 6.9 | % |  |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | 8.1 | % |  |
Marketing and selling expense | $ | 173,336 |  |  | $ | 210,661 |  |  | (18 | )% |  | $ | 334,253 |  |  | $ | 392,334 |  |  | (15 | )%
% of revenue | 21.1 | % |  | 25.5 | % |  |  |  | 23.0 | % |  | 27.7 | % |  |
General and administrative expense | $ | 51,910 |  |  | $ | 40,216 |  |  | 29 | % |  | $ | 95,533 |  |  | $ | 81,392 |  |  | 17 | %
% of revenue | 6.3 | % |  | 4.9 | % |  |  |  |  | 6.6 | % |  | 5.8 | % |  |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | $ | 13,150 |  |  | $ | 14,846 |  |  | (11 | )% |  | $ | 26,168 |  |  | $ | 26,147 |  |  | — | %
% of revenue | 1.6 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  |  |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  |
Restructuring expense | $ | 1,897 |  |  | $ | 1,026 |  |  | 85 | % |  | $ | 4,087 |  |  | $ | 1,196 |  |  | 242 | %
% of revenue | 0.2 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  |  |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  |  |

Technology and development expense
Technology and development expense consists primarily of payroll and related expenses for employees engaged in software and manufacturing engineering, information technology operations and content development, as well as amortization of capitalized software and website development costs, including hosting of our websites, asset depreciation, patent amortization, and other technology infrastructure-related costs. Depreciation expense for information technology equipment that directly supports the delivery of our digital marketing services products is included in cost of revenue.
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During the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, technology and development expenses increased by $7.7 million and $12.7 million, respectively, as compared to the prior year periods. The increase during both periods was partially due to an additional $3.6 million and $3.1 million, respectively, in share-based compensation expense due to the non-recurring reversal of supplemental PSU expense in the comparative periods. There was also a $3.0 million and $5.3 million increase of expense, respectively, in our Vistaprint business, primarily related to the ongoing rebuild of its technology infrastructure. In addition, we recognized increased costs in our central technology teams, primarily due to an increase in headcount, as these teams continue to develop new technologies that are intended to support our businesses, combined with higher operating costs driven by our businesses' increased adoption and usage of our central technology capabilities.
Marketing and selling expense
Marketing and selling expense consists primarily of advertising and promotional costs; payroll and related expenses for our employees engaged in marketing, sales, customer support and public relations activities; direct-mail advertising costs; and third-party payment processing fees. Our Vistaprint, National Pen and BuildASign businesses have higher marketing and selling costs as a percentage of revenue as compared to our PrintBrothers and The Print Group businesses.
Our marketing and selling expenses decreased by $37.3 million and $58.1 million during the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to the reduction of advertising spend in our Vistaprint business of $30.8 million and $52.4 million, respectively, as we continue to work to eliminate spend that does not meet our return thresholds. We also recognized a decrease in marketing costs in our National Pen business of $9.0 million and $12.5 million, respectively, primarily due to a planned reduction in direct mail prospecting activity as compared to last year's elevated levels, combined with lower online advertising spend and call center costs. The decrease for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 was partially offset by additional share-based compensation expense of $2.4 million due to the non-recurring reversal of supplemental PSU expense in the comparative periods.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expense consists primarily of transaction costs, including third-party professional fees, insurance and payroll and related expenses of employees involved in executive management, finance, legal, strategy, human resources and procurement.
For the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, general and administrative expenses increased by $11.7 million and $14.1 million, respectively, as compared to the prior period, primarily due to additional share-based compensation expense of $5.1 million and $4.1 million, respectively, due to the non-recurring reversal of supplemental PSU expense in the comparative periods. Additionally, there was an increase in consulting costs associated with strategic projects in our Vistaprint business and costs incurred centrally related to the cross-border Irish Merger, described in the Explanatory Note within this document. We also recognized higher recruiting costs related to the hiring of key members of the Vistaprint management team including the new executive team members, and during the six months ended December 31, 2019, we incurred additional costs from our BuildASign business as that business was only included for three months of the comparable period.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists of amortization expense associated with separately identifiable intangible assets capitalized as part of our acquisitions, including customer relationships, trade names, developed technologies, print networks, and customer and referral networks.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets decreased by $1.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019, and remained flat during the six months ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the three and six months ended December 31, 2018. The reduction during the three months ended December 31, 2019, is due to amortization within our PrintBrothers and The Print Group reportable segments as certain intangible assets became fully amortized during the prior fiscal year, partially offset by additional amortization for our BuildASign business caused by the prior year timing of the acquisition.
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Restructuring expense
Restructuring expense consists of costs directly incurred as a result of restructuring initiatives, and includes employee-related termination costs, third party professional fees and facility exit costs. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, we recognized restructuring expense of $1.9 million and $4.1 million, respectively, primarily related to charges incurred within our Vistaprint business as we continue to evolve our organizational structure. Comparatively, we recognized restructuring expense of $1.0 million and $1.2 million during the three and six months ended December 31, 2018, respectively.
Other Consolidated Results
Other (expense) income, net
Other (expense) income, net generally consists of gains and losses from currency exchange rate fluctuations on transactions or balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our subsidiaries, as well as the realized and unrealized gains and losses on some of our derivative instruments. In evaluating our currency hedging programs and ability to qualify for hedge accounting in light of our legal entity cash flows, we considered the benefits of hedge accounting relative to the additional economic cost of trade execution and administrative burden. Based on this analysis, we execute certain currency derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting.
The following table summarizes the components of other (expense) income, net:

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
(Losses) gains on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | $ | (11,666 | ) |  | $ | 11,171 |  |  | $ | 7,691 |  |  | $ | 18,544 |
Currency-related gains (losses), net | 2,645 |  |  | (1,023 | ) |  | (767 | ) |  | 1,074 |
Other (losses) gains | (19 | ) |  | (519 | ) |  | (290 | ) |  | 263 |
Total other (expense) income, net | $ | (9,040 | ) |  | $ | 9,629 |  |  | $ | 6,634 |  |  | $ | 19,881 |

The decrease in other (expense) income, net is primarily due to the currency exchange rate volatility impacting our derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments, in which our Euro and British Pound contracts are the most significant exposures that we economically hedge. We expect volatility to continue in future periods, as we do not apply hedge accounting for most of our derivative currency contracts.
We also experienced currency-related gains due to currency exchange rate volatility on our non-functional currency intercompany relationships, primarily related to an intercompany loan that is denominated in Swiss Francs, which we may alter from time to time. The impact of certain cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges is included in our currency-related gains (losses), net, offsetting the impact of certain non-functional currency intercompany relationships.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net primarily consists of interest paid on outstanding debt balances, amortization of debt issuance costs, interest related to finance lease obligations and realized gains (losses) on effective interest rate swap contracts and certain cross-currency swap contracts. As part of interest expense, net, we also recognize changes to the estimated future redemption value of our mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests.
Interest expense, net decreased $1.1 million during the three months ended December 31, 2019, but was flat during the six months ended December 31, 2019. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, we recognized lower interest expense of $1.8 million and $3.7 million, respectively, due to the impact of the adoption of ASC 842 in the first fiscal quarter of 2020, which resulted in a change in lease classification for our Waltham, MA build-to-suit lease. Refer to Note 2 for additional details. For both periods, we recognized additional interest expense associated with our senior secured credit facility as a result of our higher debt borrowing levels.
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Income tax (benefit) expense

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | (93,795 | ) |  | $ | 14,399 |  |  | $ | (87,680 | ) |  | $ | 19,880 |
Effective tax rate | (96.8 | )% |  | 17.3 | % |  | (71.4 | )% |  | 26.9 | %

We recognized an income tax benefit for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to an income tax expense in the same prior year periods. During the three months ended December 31, 2019, we recognized a discrete deferred tax benefit of $114.1 million related to Swiss Tax Reform, as discussed below. Without this benefit, tax expense would have increased, primarily attributable to increased pre-tax income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the same prior year periods. In addition, during the three months ended December 31, 2018 we recognized "Patent Box" tax benefits of $3.5 million granted to our Pixartprinting business in Italy. Also, during the six months ended December 31, 2018, we recognized a decrease in deferred tax assets of $5.6 million related to Notice 2018-68 issued by the United States Internal Revenue Service, which provided guidance regarding amendments to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code contained in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Excluding the effect of discrete tax adjustments, our estimated annual effective tax rate is higher for fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019 primarily due to changes in our Dutch fiscal unity during the three months ended December 31, 2018, offset by an expectation of a more favorable geographical mix of consolidated earnings. Our effective tax rate continues to be negatively impacted by losses in certain jurisdictions where we are unable to recognize a tax benefit in the current period.
On October 25, 2019, the canton of Zurich enacted tax law changes by publishing the results of its referendum to adopt the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV Financing (TRAF), which we refer to as Swiss Tax Reform. Swiss Tax Reform will be effective as of January 1, 2020 and includes the abolishment of various favorable federal and cantonal tax regimes. Swiss Tax Reform provides transitional relief measures for companies who are losing the tax benefit of a ruling, including a "step-up" for amortizable goodwill, equal to the amount of future tax benefit they would have received under their existing ruling, subject to certain limitations. We recognized a tax benefit of $114.1 million to establish new Swiss deferred tax assets related to transitional relief measures and to remeasure our existing Swiss deferred tax assets and liabilities. We don't expect to realize the majority of this benefit until fiscal 2025 through fiscal 2030.
We believe that our income tax reserves are adequately maintained by taking into consideration both the technical merits of our tax return positions and ongoing developments in our income tax audits. However, the final determination of our tax return positions, if audited, is uncertain and therefore there is a possibility that final resolution of these matters could have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 9 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.
Reportable Segment Results
Our segment financial performance is measured based on segment EBITDA, which is defined as operating income plus depreciation and amortization (excluding depreciation and amortization related to our Waltham, Massachusetts office lease for prior periods presented); plus share-based compensation expense related to investment consideration; plus earn-out related charges; plus certain impairments; plus restructuring related charges; less interest expense related to our Waltham, Massachusetts office lease for prior periods presented; less gain on purchase or sale of subsidiaries.
Vistaprint

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018
Reported Revenue | $ | 433,305 |  |  | $ | 443,940 |  |  | (2)% |  | $ | 776,476 |  |  | $ | 789,260 |  |  | (2)%
Segment EBITDA | 132,160 |  |  | 96,963 |  |  | 36% |  | 212,740 |  |  | 156,957 |  |  | 36%
% of revenue | 31 | % |  | 22 | % |  |  |  | 27 | % |  | 20 | % |  |

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Segment Revenue
Vistaprint's reported revenue decline for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 was not impacted by currency for the three months ended December 31, 2019, while currency had a negative impact of 1% for the six months ended December 31, 2019. This resulted in constant-currency revenue decreases of 2% and 1%, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019. Our revenue decrease was due to lower sales volumes which was expected with our planned reductions in advertising spend, and partially offset by the benefits of reduced discounting and new offers informed by data and customer insights. All of these changes are driving an expected shift to our mix of customers, resulting in declines in revenue from new customers as a result of our targeted elimination of inefficient advertising spend, but growth in repeat customer revenue. Despite the decline in revenue, these initiatives drove a significant improvement to profitability.
Segment Profitability
Vistaprint's segment EBITDA increased for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the prior periods, driven primarily by a reduction to advertising spend of $30.8 million and $52.4 million, respectively, as well as improvements to gross margin. The improvements to gross margin were influenced by the benefits of new offers and reduced discounting, reduced shipping costs, and improved plant efficiencies. These increases were partially offset by increases in technology investments to rebuild Vistaprint's technology infrastructure and consulting projects related to Vistaprint's focus on foundational basics. Vistaprint's segment EBITDA was also negatively impacted by currency movements during the quarter.
In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we will pass the anniversary of the start of the reductions in advertising spend, which we expect will result in a moderation to the year-over-year decline in advertising spend for the second half of fiscal 2020, relative to the first half of fiscal 2020.
PrintBrothers

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018
Reported Revenue | $ | 126,617 |  |  | $ | 116,314 |  |  | 9% |  | $ | 235,907 |  |  | $ | 217,703 |  |  | 8%
Segment EBITDA | 16,459 |  |  | 11,691 |  |  | 41% |  | 27,236 |  |  | 22,262 |  |  | 22%
% of revenue | 13 | % |  | 10 | % |  |  |  | 12 | % |  | 10 | % |  |

Segment Revenue
PrintBrothers' reported revenue growth for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 was negatively affected by currency impacts of 3% and 4%, respectively, resulting in constant-currency growth, excluding the impact of acquisitions, of 8% and 10%, respectively. We continue to see very aggressive price and online search competition in the upload and print space in Europe. We are committed to defending our price leadership position, including through continued price reductions. Order volume is growing faster than revenue and EBITDA continues to grow due to our focus on cost reductions and our focus on leveraging our shared strategic capabilities. Our upload and print businesses are working more closely together than in the past to exploit scale advantages and improve their cost competitiveness. There are several changes we have made in these businesses which negatively impact revenue in the current periods but contributed to the ability to remain a price leader and to expand EITDA margins as discussed below. These businesses also continue to invest in modernized e-commerce technologies and increasingly adopt our mass customization platform (MCP) microservices, which we believe will improve customer value and the efficiency of each business over the long term.
Segment Profitability
PrintBrothers' segment EBITDA increased during the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the prior comparative periods, due to increased gross profit and for the same reasons as the revenue growth discussed above, combined with favorable product mix shifts, production and operating efficiencies, and the vertical integration of a former supplier in one of our businesses during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. This growth was partially offset by increased investments in technology intended to improve the customer value proposition of
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each business in increasingly competitive markets, pricing reductions in certain products offered by some businesses, and negative impacts from currency movements.
The Print Group

In thousands | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018
Reported Revenue | $ | 87,699 |  |  | $ | 87,740 |  |  | —% |  | $ | 159,957 |  |  | $ | 158,740 |  |  | 1%
Segment EBITDA | 18,105 |  |  | 16,368 |  |  | 11% |  | 31,739 |  |  | 28,214 |  |  | 12%
% of revenue | 21 | % |  | 19 | % |  |  |  | 20 | % |  | 18 | % |  |

Segment Revenue
The Print Group's reported revenue growth for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 was negatively affected by currency impacts of 3% and 4%, respectively, resulting in an increase in revenue on a constant-currency basis of 3% and 5%, respectively. The constant-currency revenue growth was primarily driven by continued growth from our Pixartprinting business. As described above, aggressive price competition continues in certain parts of the European upload and print market, but as we described above, we are committed to defending our price leadership position, including through continued price reductions. Order volume is growing faster than revenue and EBITDA continues to grow due to our focus on cost reductions and our focus on leveraging our shared strategic capabilities. These businesses are working more closely together than in the past and we continue to invest in modernized e-commerce technologies and increasingly adopt MCP microservices, which we believe will improve customer value and the efficiency of each business over the long term.
Segment Profitability
The Print Group's segment EBITDA increased during the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the prior periods, primarily driven by product mix shifts including the elimination of revenue lines that we do not believe generated economic profit, as well as operating efficiencies. This was partially offset by investments in technology, unfavorable currency impacts, increased marketing costs, and the year-over-year impact of previously described price reductions in response to competition.
National Pen

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018
Reported Revenue | $ | 127,985 |  |  | $ | 132,951 |  |  | (4)% |  | $ | 198,148 |  |  | $ | 198,922 |  |  | —%
Segment EBITDA | 28,099 |  |  | 26,634 |  |  | 6% |  | 18,249 |  |  | 10,166 |  |  | 80%
% of revenue | 22 | % |  | 20 | % |  |  |  | 9 | % |  | 5 | % |  |

Segment Revenue
National Pen's reported revenue decrease for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 was negatively affected by currency impacts of 1% for both periods presented, resulting in constant-currency revenue decline of 3% for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and growth of 1%, for the six months ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in revenue was primarily driven by lower direct mail volumes which were expected due to our continued reductions to our prospecting activity spend, as we have made efforts to cut back on inefficient mail order and online advertising.
Segment Profitability
The improvement in National Pen's segment EBITDA for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 was due to benefits realized from the reduction in advertising spend, as well as operational improvements, which includes the initial steps of migrating our European mail fulfillment from Mexico to Europe to reduce disruptions that occurred in transit during the prior periods. Currency had a negative impact on segment EBITDA for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019.
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All Other Businesses

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Six Months Ended December 31, |  |
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 vs. 2018
Reported Revenue (1) | $ | 49,774 |  |  | $ | 48,256 |  |  | 3% |  | $ | 92,050 |  |  | $ | 55,971 |  |  | 64%
Segment EBITDA (1) | 3,668 |  |  | (2,294 | ) |  | 260% |  | 5,385 |  |  | (7,016 | ) |  | 177%
% of revenue | 7 | % |  | (5 | )% |  |  |  | 6 | % |  | (13 | )% |  |

___________________
(1) Our All Other Businesses segment includes the results of our fiscal 2019 acquisition, BuildASign, from October 1, 2018.
With the exception of BuildASign which is a larger and profitable business, this segment consists of multiple small, rapidly evolving early-stage businesses through which Cimpress is expanding to new markets. These businesses are subject to high degrees of risk and we expect that each of their business models will rapidly evolve in function of future trials and entrepreneurial pivoting. Therefore, in all of these early-stage businesses we continue to have operating losses as previously described and as planned.
Segment Revenue
For the three months ended December 31, 2019, the All Other Businesses segment revenue was negatively impacted by a currency impact of 1%, resulting in an increase in revenue of 4% on a constant currency basis. This was primarily driven by growth in our BuildASign business which experienced strong holiday sales in its home décor business. Organic constant-currency revenue, excluding the year-over-year impact of the BuildASign acquisition during the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 during which there was no comparative revenue in the year-ago period, increased by 3% for the six months ended December 31, 2019. All Other Businesses revenue was negatively impacted by a decrease in revenue in our Printi business as compared to the prior periods, primarily due to actions we have taken to improve the efficiency and focus of the business, which included foregoing certain revenue channels that we believe did not have a high probability of earning sufficient returns on the capital and focus they consumed.
Segment Profitability
The improvement in the All Other Businesses segment EBITDA for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, as compared to the prior periods, was primarily due to the work to improve the efficiency and focus of Printi. Additionally, for the three months ended December 31, 2019, BuildASign recognized an increase to segment EBITDA, driven by the revenue growth described above and for the six months ended December 31, 2019, the timing of the acquisition of BuildASign positively impacted segment EBITDA.
Central and Corporate Costs
Central and corporate costs consist primarily of the team of software engineers that is building our mass customization platform; shared service organizations such as global procurement; technology services such as hosting and security; administrative costs of our Cimpress India offices where numerous Cimpress businesses have dedicated business-specific team members; and corporate functions including our Board of Directors, CEO, and the team members necessary for managing corporate activities, such as treasury, tax, capital allocation, financial consolidation, internal audit and legal. These costs also include certain unallocated share-based compensation costs.
Central and corporate costs increased by $18.6 million and $16.2 million during the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the prior year, driven by the prior comparative period benefit realized due to the reversal of $14.3 million and $10.4 million, respectively, in share-based compensation costs primarily associated with our supplemental PSUs and related supplemental performance cash awards, for which we continue to believe the performance condition will not be met. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2019, we also incurred increased professional fees of $1.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, primarily due to our December 2019 Irish Merger. In addition, we had an increase in central technology investments and operating costs driven by our businesses' increased adoption and usage of our central technology capabilities.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data

In thousands | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 265,097 |  |  | $ | 205,490 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (53,816 | ) |  | (349,508 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (207,390 | ) |  | 149,861 |

At December 31, 2019, we had $36.9 million of cash and cash equivalents and $1,381.1 million of debt, excluding debt issuance costs and debt discounts. We expect cash and cash equivalents and debt levels to fluctuate over time depending on our working capital needs, organic investment levels, share repurchases and acquisition activity.
The cash flows during the six months ended December 31, 2019 related primarily to the following items:
Cash inflows:

• | Net income of $210.5 million

• | Adjustments for non-cash items of $5.1 million primarily related to positive adjustments for depreciation and amortization of $84.9 million, share-based compensation costs of $13.8 million and unrealized currency-related losses of $8.9 million, partially offset by non-cash tax related items of $105.6 million

• | Proceeds of debt of $341.6 million, net of payments

• | The changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of restructuring-related payments, were a source of cash during the period, driven by increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses, largely driven by our seasonally strong second quarter

Cash outflows:

• | Purchases of our ordinary shares for $537.6 million

• | Capital expenditures of $28.1 million of which the majority related to the purchase of manufacturing and automation equipment for our production facilities and computer and office equipment

• | Internal costs for software and website development that we have capitalized of $23.4 million

• | Payments for finance lease arrangements of $5.4 million

• | Payments for acquisitions of $4.3 million, net of cash acquired

Additional Liquidity and Capital Resources Information. During the six months ended December 31, 2019, we financed our operations and strategic investments through internally generated cash flows from operations and debt financing. As of December 31, 2019, a significant portion of our cash and cash equivalents were held by our subsidiaries, and undistributed earnings of our subsidiaries that are considered to be indefinitely reinvested were $34.5 million. We do not intend to repatriate these funds as the cash and cash equivalent balances are generally used and available, without legal restrictions, to fund ordinary business operations and investments of the respective subsidiaries. If there is a change in the future, the repatriation of undistributed earnings from certain subsidiaries, in the form of dividends or otherwise, could have tax consequences that could result in material cash outflows.
Debt. As of December 31, 2019, we had aggregate loan commitments from our senior secured credit facility totaling $1,564.9 million. The loan commitments consisted of revolving loans of $1,087.3 million and term loans of $477.6 million. We have other financial obligations that constitute additional indebtedness based on the definitions within the credit facility. As of December 31, 2019, the amount available for borrowing under our senior secured credit facility was as follows:
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In thousands |
| December 31, 2019
Maximum aggregate available for borrowing | $ | 1,564,857 |
Outstanding borrowings of senior secured credit facility | (965,676 | )
Remaining amount | 599,181 |
Limitations to borrowing due to debt covenants and other obligations (1) | (68,036 | )
Amount available for borrowing as of December 31, 2019 (2) | $ | 531,145 |

_________________
(1) The debt covenants of our senior secured credit facility limit our borrowing capacity each quarter, depending on our leverage and other indebtedness, such as notes, finance leases, letters of credit, and any other debt, as well as other factors that are outlined in the credit agreement.
(2) Share purchases, dividend payments, and corporate acquisitions are subject to more restrictive covenants, and therefore we may not be able to use the full amount available for borrowing for these purposes.
Debt Covenants. Our credit agreement and senior unsecured notes indenture contain financial and other covenants as well as customary representations, warranties and events of default, which are detailed in Note 8 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all financial and other covenants under the credit agreement and senior unsecured notes indenture.
Other Debt. Other debt primarily consists of term loans acquired through our various acquisitions or used to fund certain capital investments. As of December 31, 2019, we had $15.4 million outstanding for other debt payable through March 2025.
Our expectations for fiscal year 2020. We believe that our available cash, cash flows generated from operations, and cash available under our committed debt financing will be sufficient to satisfy our liabilities and planned investments to support our long-term growth strategy. We endeavor to invest capital that we believe will generate returns that are above, or well above, our weighted average cost of capital. We consider any use of cash that we expect to require more than twelve months to return our invested capital to be an allocation of capital. For fiscal 2020, we expect to continue to evaluate opportunities to allocate capital across a spectrum of organic investments, purchases of our ordinary shares, corporate acquisitions and similar investments, and reductions of debt, although we do not expect to pursue a material acquisition in this time period. We have targeted a capital structure that we believe balances both efficiency and flexibility. We are committed to maintaining leverage at a level no greater than 3.5x trailing-twelve-month EBITDA as defined in our debt covenants
Share repurchase availability. Share repurchases have formed a material component of our capital allocation over the last decade, and we expect that could continue depending on our share price, liquidity, obligations under our equity compensation plans, and other capital allocation opportunities. In addition to these dependencies and our adherence to certain regulatory requirements, there are generally two restrictions for our share repurchases: (1) compliance with our debt covenants for share repurchases which include limitations based on our financial leverage, and (2) distributable reserves as provided in the statutory financial statements of our parent company.
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Contractual Obligations
Contractual obligations at December 31, 2019 are as follows:

In thousands | Payments Due by Period
| Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | More than 5 years
Operating leases, net of subleases (1) | $ | 181,340 |  |  | $ | 17,743 |  |  | $ | 65,044 |  |  | $ | 45,673 |  |  | $ | 52,880 |
Purchase commitments | 119,028 |  |  | 64,473 |  |  | 29,222 |  |  | 25,333 |  |  | — |
Senior unsecured notes and interest payments | 582,000 |  |  | 28,000 |  |  | 56,000 |  |  | 56,000 |  |  | 442,000 |
Other debt and interest payments (2) | 1,085,401 |  |  | 109,486 |  |  | 212,909 |  |  | 762,508 |  |  | 498 |
Finance leases, net of subleases (1) | 25,341 |  |  | 9,266 |  |  | 11,261 |  |  | 3,110 |  |  | 1,704 |
Other | 2,831 |  |  | 1,514 |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total (3) | $ | 1,995,941 |  |  | $ | 230,482 |  |  | $ | 375,753 |  |  | $ | 892,624 |  |  | $ | 497,082 |

___________________
(1) Operating and finance lease payments included above include only amounts which are fixed under lease agreements. Our leases may also incur variable expenses. Refer to our lease accounting policy in Note 2 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2) Other debt and interest payments include the effects of interest rate swaps, whether they are expected to be payments or receipts of cash. We have excluded the effect of interest rate swaps of $0.7 million within the more than five years category above as that period extends beyond the term of our debt and the interest rate swaps do not yet offset contractual interest payments.
(3) We may be required to make cash outlays related to our uncertain tax positions. However, due to the uncertainty of the timing of future cash flows associated with our uncertain tax positions, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period of cash settlement, if any, with the respective taxing authorities. Accordingly, uncertain tax positions of $5.5 million as of December 31, 2019 have been excluded from the contractual obligations table above. For further information on uncertain tax positions, see Note 9 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Purchase Commitments. At December 31, 2019, we had unrecorded commitments under contract of $119.0 million. Purchase commitments consisted of third-party web services of $68.7 million, inventory purchase commitments of $20.4 million, commitments for professional and consulting fees of $6.1 million, production and computer equipment purchases of approximately $5.1 million, commitments for advertising campaigns of $1.4 million, and other unrecorded purchase commitments of $17.3 million.
Senior Unsecured notes and Interest Payments. Our 7.0% senior unsecured notes due 2026 bear interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum and mature on June 15, 2026. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year and has been included in the table above.
Other Debt and Interest Payments. At December 31, 2019, the term loans of $477.6 million outstanding under our credit agreement have repayments due on various dates through June 14, 2023, with the revolving loans outstanding under our $1,087.3 million revolving credit facility due on June 14, 2023. Interest payable included in this table is based on the interest rate as of December 31, 2019, and assumes all LIBOR-based revolving loan amounts outstanding will not be paid until maturity, but that the term loan amortization payments will be made according to our defined schedule and all Prime rate based revolving loan amounts will be paid within a year. Interest payable includes the estimated impact of our interest rate swap agreements.
In addition, we have other debt which consists primarily of term loans acquired through our various acquisitions or used to fund certain capital investments, and as of December 31, 2019 we had $15.4 million outstanding for those obligations that have repayments due on various dates through March 2025.
Finance Leases. We lease certain machinery and plant equipment under finance lease agreements that expire at various dates through 2027. The aggregate carrying value of the leased equipment under finance leases included in property, plant and equipment, net in our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019, is $66.0 million, net of accumulated depreciation of $42.1 million. The present value of lease installments not yet due included in other current liabilities and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 amounts to $29.1 million.
Other Obligations. Other obligations include deferred payments related to previous acquisitions of $2.8 million in the aggregate.
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Additional Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted free cash flow presented below, and constant-currency revenue growth and constant-currency revenue growth excluding acquisitions/divestitures presented in the consolidated results of operations section above, are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as GAAP operating income plus depreciation and amortization (excluding depreciation and amortization related to our Waltham, Massachusetts office lease) plus share-based compensation expense plus proceeds from insurance plus earn-out related charges plus certain impairments plus restructuring related charges plus realized gains or losses on currency derivatives less interest expense related to our Waltham, Massachusetts office lease less gain on purchase or sale of subsidiaries. We note that with the adoption of ASC 842, the Waltham, Massachusetts office lease has been reclassified from a build-to-suit lease to an operating lease, and therefore the depreciation and interest expense adjustments that were made in comparative periods will no longer be made beginning in the first fiscal quarter of 2020, as any impact from the Waltham lease will be reflected in operating income. Refer to Note 2 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Adjusted EBITDA is the primary profitability metric by which we measure our consolidated financial performance and is provided to enhance investors' understanding of our current operating results from the underlying and ongoing business for the same reasons it is used by management. For example, as we have become more acquisitive over recent years we believe excluding the costs related to the purchase of a business (such as amortization of acquired intangible assets, contingent consideration, or impairment of goodwill) provides further insight into the performance of the underlying acquired business in addition to that provided by our GAAP operating income. As another example, as we do not apply hedge accounting for certain derivative contracts, we believe inclusion of realized gains and losses on these contracts that are intended to be matched against operational currency fluctuations provides further insight into our operating performance in addition to that provided by our GAAP operating income. We do not, nor do we suggest that investors should, consider such non-GAAP financial measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted free cash flow is the primary financial metric by which we set quarterly and annual budgets both for individual businesses and Cimpress-wide. Adjusted free cash flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property, plant and equipment, purchases of intangible assets not related to acquisitions, and capitalization of software and website development costs that are included in net cash used in investing activities, plus the payment of contingent consideration in excess of acquisition-date fair value and gains on proceeds from insurance that are included in net cash provided by operating activities, if any. We use this cash flow metric because we believe that this methodology can provide useful supplemental information to help investors better understand our ability to generate cash flow after considering certain investments required to maintain or grow our business, as well as eliminate the impact of certain cash flow items presented as operating cash flows that we do not believe reflect the cash flow generated by the underlying business.
Our adjusted free cash flow measure has limitations as it may omit certain components of the overall cash flow statement and does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. For example, adjusted free cash flow does not incorporate our cash payments to reduce the principal portion of our debt or cash payments for business acquisitions. Additionally, the mix of property, plant and equipment purchases that we choose to finance may change over time. We believe it is important to view our adjusted free cash flow measure only as a complement to our entire consolidated statement of cash flows.
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The table below sets forth operating income and adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

In thousands | Three Months Ended December 31, |  | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
GAAP operating income | $ | 121,595 |  |  | $ | 90,615 |  |  | $ | 146,974 |  |  | $ | 84,627 |
Exclude expense (benefit) impact of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 42,356 |  |  | 44,502 |  |  | 84,891 |  |  | 85,220 |
Waltham, MA lease depreciation adjustment (1) | — |  |  | (1,030 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,060 | )
Share-based compensation expense (2) | 8,325 |  |  | (2,720 | ) |  | 13,075 |  |  | 6,196 |
Certain impairments and other adjustments | 936 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 760 |  |  | (22 | )
Restructuring-related charges | 1,897 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 4,087 |  |  | 1,196 |
Interest expense for Waltham, MA lease (1) | — |  |  | (1,833 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,682 | )
Realized gains on currency derivatives not included in operating income | 10,408 |  |  | 7,446 |  |  | 15,246 |  |  | 9,053 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 185,517 |  |  | $ | 138,071 |  |  | $ | 265,033 |  |  | $ | 180,528 |

_________________
(1) Upon the adoption of the new leasing standard on July 1, 2019, our Waltham, MA lease, which was previously classified as build-to-suit, is now classified as an operating lease under the new standard. Therefore, the Waltham depreciation and interest expense adjustments that were made in comparative periods are no longer adjusted beginning in the first fiscal quarter of 2020, as any impact from the Waltham lease will be reflected in operating income. Refer to Note 2 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details.
(2) The adjustment for share-based compensation expense excludes the portion of share-based compensation expense included in restructuring related charges, if any, to avoid double counting.
The table below sets forth net cash provided by operating activities and adjusted free cash flow for the six months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

In thousands | Six Months Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 265,097 |  |  | $ | 205,490 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (28,094 | ) |  | (38,767 | )
Purchases of intangible assets not related to acquisitions | — |  |  | (22 | )
Capitalization of software and website development costs | (23,417 | ) |  | (21,921 | )
Adjusted free cash flow | $ | 213,586 |  |  | $ | 144,780 |

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our cash, cash equivalents and debt.
As of December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents consisted of standard depository accounts which are held for working capital purposes. We do not believe we have a material exposure to interest rate fluctuations related to our cash and cash equivalents.
As of December 31, 2019, we had $965.7 million of variable-rate debt. As a result, we have exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates related to these obligations. In order to mitigate our exposure to interest rate changes related to our variable rate debt, we execute interest rate swap contracts to fix the interest rate on a portion of our outstanding or forecasted long-term debt with varying maturities. As of December 31, 2019, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in rates, inclusive of our outstanding interest rate swaps, would result in an increase to interest expense of approximately $4.5 million over the next 12 months.
Currency Exchange Rate Risk. We conduct business in multiple currencies through our worldwide operations but report our financial results in U.S. dollars. We manage these risks through normal operating activities and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. We have policies governing the use of derivative instruments and do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The use of derivatives is intended to reduce, but does not entirely eliminate, the impact of adverse currency exchange rate movements. A summary of our currency risk is as follows:

• | Translation of our non-U.S. dollar revenues and expenses: Revenue and related expenses generated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar could result in higher or lower net income when, upon consolidation, those transactions are translated to U.S. dollars. When the value or timing of revenue and expenses in a given currency are materially different, we may be exposed to significant impacts on our net income and non-GAAP financial metrics, such as adjusted EBITDA.

Our currency hedging objectives are targeted at reducing volatility in our forecasted U.S. dollar-equivalent adjusted EBITDA in order to protect our debt covenants. Since adjusted EBITDA excludes non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization that are included in net income, we may experience increased, not decreased, volatility in our GAAP results due to our hedging approach. Our most significant net currency exposures by volume are in the Euro and British Pound.
In addition, we elect to execute currency derivatives contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting. As a result, we may experience volatility in our consolidated statements of operations due to (i) the impact of unrealized gains and losses reported in other (expense) income, net on the mark-to-market of outstanding contracts and (ii) realized gains and losses recognized in other (expense) income, net, whereas the offsetting economic gains and losses are reported in the line item of the underlying activity, for example, revenue.

• | Translation of our non-U.S. dollar assets and liabilities: Each of our subsidiaries translates its assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars at current rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting gains and losses from translation are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheet. Fluctuations in exchange rates can materially impact the carrying value of our assets and liabilities.

We have currency exposure arising from our net investments in foreign operations. We enter into currency derivatives to mitigate the impact of currency rate changes on certain net investments.

• | Remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities: Transaction gains and losses generated from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are included in other (expense) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Certain of our subsidiaries hold intercompany loans denominated in a currency other than their functional currency. Due to the significance of these balances, the revaluation of intercompany loans can have a material impact on other (expense) income, net. We expect these impacts may be volatile in the future, although our largest intercompany loans do not have a U.S. dollar cash impact for the consolidated group because they are either 1) U.S. dollar loans or 2) we elect to hedge certain non-U.S. dollar loans with

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cross-currency swaps. A hypothetical 10% change in currency exchange rates was applied to total net monetary assets denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies at the balance sheet dates to compute the impact these changes would have had on our income before taxes in the near term. The balances are inclusive of the notional value of any cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges. A hypothetical decrease in exchange rates of 10% against the functional currency of our subsidiaries would have resulted in an increase of $14.2 million and $29.6 million on our income before income taxes for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes with respect to the risk factors disclosed in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On February 12, 2019, we announced that our Board had authorized us to repurchase up to 5,500,000 of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares on the open market (including block trades), through privately negotiated transactions, or in one or more self-tender offers (the "February Repurchase Program"). The February Repurchase Program terminated on November 25, 2019 when we announced the new November Repurchase Program described immediately below.
On November 25, 2019, we announced that our Board had approved a new share repurchase program that replaced the February Repurchase Program described immediately above. Under this new program, we may repurchase up to 5,500,000 of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares on the open market (including block trades), through privately negotiated transactions, or in one or more self-tender offers (the "November Repurchase Program"). The November Repurchase Program expires on May 22, 2021, and we may suspend or discontinue our share repurchases at any time.
The following table outlines the purchase of our ordinary shares during the three months ended December 31, 2019 under the programs described above:
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| Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share (1) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program |  | Approximate Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
October 1, 2019 through October 31, 2019 (2) | 672,611 |  |  | $ | 129.12 |  |  | 672,611 |  |  | 2,509,739 |
November 1, 2019 through November 30, 2019 (3) | 1,607,125 |  |  | 135.92 |  |  | 2,279,736 |  |  | 5,376,600 |
December 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,376,600 |
Total | 2,279,736 |  |  | $ | 133.91 |  |  | 2,279,736 |  |  | 5,376,600 |

___________
(1) Average price paid per share includes commissions paid.
(2) These shares were purchased under the February Repurchase Program, which terminated on November 25, 2019 when we announced the November Repurchase Program described above. The shares in the last column of this row represent the number of shares that remained under the February Repurchase Program as of October 31, 2019.
(3) 1,483,725 of these shares were purchased under the February Repurchase Program, and 123,400 of these shares were repurchased under the November Repurchase Program. The shares in the last column of this row represent the number of shares that remained under the November Repurchase Program as of November 30, 2019.
Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. |  | Description
4.1 |  | Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 3, 2019 between Cimpress plc, certain subsidiaries of Cimpress plc as guarantors thereto, and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. as trustee relating to the Senior Notes Indenture, dated as of June 15, 2018, between Cimpress N.V., certain subsidiaries of Cimpress N.V. as guarantors thereto, and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as trustee
10.1 |  | 2016 Performance Equity Plan is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2019
10.2 |  | 2011 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2019
10.3 |  | Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2019
10.4 |  | 2005 Non-Employee Directors' Share Option Plan is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2019
10.5 |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for employees and executives under our 2016 Performance Equity Incentive Plan
10.6 |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for our Chief Executive Officer under our 2016 Performance Equity Incentive Plan
10.7 |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for members of our Board of Directors under our 2016 Performance Equity Incentive Plan
10.8 |  | Borrower Assumption Agreement dated as of December 3, 2019 between Cimpress plc and JPMorgan Chase Bank as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”) relating to the Credit Agreement as amended and restated as of July 13, 2017 among Cimpress N.V., Vistaprint Limited, Cimpress Schweiz GmbH, Vistaprint B.V., and Cimpress USA Incorporated, as borrowers; the lenders named therein as lenders; and the Administrative Agent as administrative agent for the lenders
31.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), by Chief Executive Officer
31.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), by Chief Financial Officer
32.1 |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
101 |  | The following materials from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Statements of Shareholder's Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
January 30, 2020 Cimpress plc

| By: | /s/ Sean E. Quinn
|  | Sean E. Quinn
|  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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