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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________
Form 10-K

(Mark One) |
☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the annual period ended | June 30, 2023
or
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| For the transition period from to

Commission file number 000-51539
_________________________________
Cimpress plc
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
_________________________________

Ireland |  | 98-0417483
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

First Floor Building 3, Finnabair Business and Technology Park A91 XR61,
Dundalk, Co. Louth
Ireland
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 353 42 938 8500
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Ordinary Shares, nominal value of €0.01 per share |  | CMPR |  | NASDAQ Global Select Market

______________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
|  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  |
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in this filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. þ
The aggregate market value of the ordinary shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $599.3 million on December 31, 2022 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) based on the last reported sale price of the registrant's ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
As of July 31, 2023, there were 26,362,374 Cimpress plc ordinary shares outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. Portions of such proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CIMPRESS PLC
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Year Ended June 30, 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
Part I |  |
Item 1. | Business | 1
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 13
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 24
Item 2. | Properties | 25
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 25
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosure | 25
Part II |  |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issued Purchases of Equity Securities | 26
Item 6. | [Reserved] | 26
Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 42
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 44
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants and Financial Disclosures | 98
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 98
Item 9B. | Other Information | 99
Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 99
Part III |  |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 99
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 99
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 99
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 99
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 99
Part IV |  |
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 100
Item 16. | Summary | 101
Signatures | 102

PART I
Item 1. Business
Overview & Strategy
Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than ten businesses that specialize in mass customization of printing and related products, via which we deliver large volumes of individually small-sized customized orders. Our products and services include a broad range of marketing materials, business cards, signage, promotional products, logo apparel, packaging, books and magazines, wall decor, photo merchandise, invitations and announcements, design and digital marketing services, and other categories. Mass customization is a core element of the business model of each Cimpress business and is a competitive strategy which seeks to produce goods and services to meet individual customer needs with near mass production efficiency. We discuss mass customization in more detail further below.
We have grown substantially over our history, from $0 in 1995 to $0.2 billion of revenue in fiscal year 2006, the year when we became a publicly traded company, then to $3.1 billion of revenue in fiscal year 2023. As we have grown we have achieved important benefits of scale. Our strategy is to invest in and build customer-focused, entrepreneurial print mass customization businesses for the long term, which we manage in a decentralized, autonomous manner. We drive competitive advantage across Cimpress through a select few shared strategic capabilities that have the greatest potential to create Cimpress-wide value. We limit all other central activities to only those which absolutely must be performed centrally.
We believe this decentralized structure is beneficial in many ways as it enables our businesses to be more customer focused, to make better decisions faster, to manage a holistic cross-functional value chain required to serve customers well, to be more agile, to be held more accountable for driving investment returns, and to understand where we are successful and where we are not. This structure delegates responsibility, authority and resources to the CEOs and managing directors of our various businesses. We believe this approach has provided great value in periods of increased market volatility, enabling our businesses to respond quickly to changes in customer needs, while also providing our leaders an environment to share best practices and insights across the group.
The select few shared strategic capabilities into which we invest include our (1) mass customization platform ("MCP"), (2) talent infrastructure in India, (3) central procurement of large-scale capital equipment, shipping services, major categories of our raw materials and other categories of spend, and (4) peer-to-peer knowledge sharing among our businesses. We encourage each of our businesses to leverage these capabilities, but each business is free to choose the extent to which they use these services. This optionality, we believe, creates healthy pressure on the central teams who provide such services to deliver compelling value to our businesses.
We limit all other central activities to only those that must be performed centrally. Out of more than 15,000 employees, we have fewer than 100 who work in central activities that fall into this category, which includes tax, treasury, internal audit, legal, sustainability, corporate communications, remote first enablement, consolidated reporting and compliance, investor relations, capital allocation, and the functions of our CEO and CFO. We have developed guardrails and accountability mechanisms in key areas of governance including cultural aspects such as a focus on customers and being socially responsible, as well as operational aspects such as the processes by which we set strategy and financial budgets and review performance, and the policies by which we ensure compliance with applicable laws.
Our Uppermost Financial Objective
Our uppermost financial objective is to maximize our intrinsic value per share. We define intrinsic value per share as (a) the unlevered free cash flow per diluted share that, in our best judgment, will occur between now and the long-term future, appropriately discounted to reflect our cost of capital, minus (b) net debt per diluted share. We define unlevered free cash flow as adjusted free cash flow plus cash interest payments, partially offset by cash interest received on our cash and marketable securities.
This financial objective is inherently long term in nature. Thus an explicit outcome of this is that we accept fluctuations in our financial metrics as we make investments that we believe will deliver attractive long-term returns on investment.
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We ask investors and potential investors in Cimpress to understand our uppermost financial objective by which we endeavor to make all financially evaluated decisions. We often make decisions in service of this priority that could be considered non-optimal were they to be evaluated based on other financial criteria such as (but not limited to) near- and mid-term revenue, operating income, net income, EPS, adjusted EBITDA, and cash flow.
Mass Customization
Mass customization is a business model that allows companies to deliver major improvements to customer value across a wide variety of customized product categories. Companies that master mass customization can automatically direct high volumes of orders into smaller streams of homogeneous orders that are then sent to specialized production lines. If done with structured data flows and the digitization of the configuration and manufacturing processes, setup costs become very small, and small volume orders become economically feasible.

|  | The chart illustrates this concept. The horizontal axis represents the volume of production of a given product; the vertical axis represents the cost of producing one unit of that product. Traditionally, the only way to manufacture at a low unit cost was to produce a large volume of that product: mass-produced products fall in the lower right-hand corner of the chart. Custom-made products (i.e., those produced in small volumes for a very specific purpose) historically incurred very high unit costs: they fall in the upper left-hand side of the chart. Mass customization breaks this trade off, enabling low-volume, low-cost production of individually unique products. Very importantly, relative to traditional alternatives mass customization creates value in many ways, not just lower cost. Other advantages can include faster production, greater personal relevance, elimination of obsolete stock, better design, flexible shipping options, more product choice, and higher quality.

Mass customization in print-related markets delivers a breakthrough in customer value particularly well in markets in which the worth of a physical product is inherently tied to a specific, unique use or application. For instance, there is limited value to a sign that is the same as is used by many other companies: the business owner needs to describe what is unique about their business. Likewise, customized packaging is a way for a business to add their brand identity to what is oftentimes the first physical touchpoint with a customer for online purchases. Before mass customization, producing a high-quality custom product required high per-order setup costs, so it simply was not economical to produce a customized product in low quantities.
There are three ingredients to mass customization applied to print applications: (1) web-to-print or e-commerce stores that offer a wide variety of customizable products, a replacement of more expensive and harder-to-scale physical stores with limited geographic reach; (2) software-driven order aggregation, which enables significantly reduced costs on low-volume orders; and (3) democratized design that combines intuitive design software with a large scale of human designers that are typically located in low-cost locations to deliver high-quality, or lower-cost, highly scalable alternatives to traditional graphic design services.
We believe that the business cards sold by our Vista business provide a concrete example of the potential of our mass customization business model to deliver significant customer value and to develop strong profit franchises in large markets that were previously low growth and commoditized. Millions of very small customers (for example, home-based businesses) rely on Vista to design and procure aesthetically pleasing, high-quality, quickly delivered, and low-priced business cards. The Vista production operations for a typical order of 250 standard business cards in Europe and North America require less than 14 seconds of labor for all of pre-press, printing, cutting and packaging, versus an hour or more for traditional printers. Combined with advantages of scale in graphic design support services, purchasing of materials, our self-service online ordering, pre-press automation, auto-scheduling and automated manufacturing processes, we allow customers to design, configure, and procure business cards at a fraction of the cost of typical traditional printers with very consistent quality and delivery reliability. Customers have very extensive, easily configurable, customization options such as rounded corners,
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different shapes, specialty papers, “spot varnish”, reflective foil, folded cards, or different paper thicknesses. Achieving this type of product variety while also being very cost efficient took us almost two decades and requires massive volume, significant engineering investments, and significant capital. For example, business cards is a mature market that, at the overall market level, has experienced continual declines over the past two decades. Yet, for Vista, this has remained a growing category that is highly profitable. We currently produce many other product categories (such as flyers, brochures, signage, drinkware, pens, t-shirts, hats, embroidered soft goods, rubber stamps, labels, packaging, stickers, books, catalogs, magazines, calendars, holiday cards, invitations, photobooks, and canvas prints) via similar analogous methods. While these product categories are not as automated as business cards, each is well along the spectrum of mass customization relative to traditional suppliers and thus provide great customer value and a strong, profitable, and growing revenue stream.
Market and Industry Background
Print's Mass Customization Opportunity
Mass customization of print and related products is not a market itself, but rather a business model that can be applied across global geographic markets, to customers from varying businesses (micro, small, medium, and large), graphic designers, resellers, printers, teams, associations, groups, consumers, and families, to which we offer products such as the following:
Large traditional print markets undergoing disruptive innovation
The products, geographies and customer applications listed above constitute a large market opportunity that is highly fragmented. We believe that the vast majority of the markets to which mass customization could apply are still served by traditional business models that force customers either to produce in large quantities per order or to pay a high price per unit.
We believe that these large and fragmented markets are moving away from small traditional suppliers that employ job shop business models to fulfill a relatively small number of customer orders and toward businesses such as those owned by Cimpress that aggregate a relatively large number of orders and fulfill them via a focused supply chain and production capabilities at relatively high volumes, thereby achieving the benefits of mass customization. We believe we are relatively early in the process of what will be a multi-decade shift from job-shop business models to mass customization, as innovation continues to bring new product categories into this model.
Cimpress’ current revenue represents a very small fraction of this market opportunity. We believe that Cimpress and competitors who have built their businesses around a mass customization model are “disruptive innovators” to these large markets because we enable small-volume production of personalized, high-quality products at an affordable price. Disruptive innovation, a term coined by Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen, describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market (such as free business cards for the most price sensitive of micro-businesses or low-quality white t-shirts) and then moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors (such as those in the markets mentioned above).
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We believe that a large opportunity exists for major markets to shift to a mass customization paradigm and, even though we are largely decentralized, the select few shared strategic capabilities into which we centrally invest provide significant scale-based competitive advantages for Cimpress.
We believe this opportunity to deliver substantially better customer value and, therefore, disrupt large traditional industries can translate into tremendous future opportunity for Cimpress. Earlier in our history, we focused primarily on a narrow set of customers (highly price-sensitive and discount-driven micro businesses and consumers) with a limited product offering. Through acquisitions and via significant investments in our Vista business, we have expanded the breadth and depth of our product offerings, extended our ability to serve our traditional customers and gained a capability to serve a vast range of customer types.
As we continue to evolve and grow Cimpress, our understanding of these markets and their relative attractiveness is also evolving. Our expansion of product breadth and depth as well as new geographic markets has significantly increased the size of our addressable market opportunity. Our businesses conduct market research on an ongoing basis and through those studies, we remain confident in the overall market opportunity; however, our estimates are only approximate. Despite the imprecise nature of our estimates, we believe that our understanding is directionally correct and that we operate in a vast aggregate market with significant opportunity for Cimpress to grow as we continue delivering a differentiated and attractive value proposition to customers.
Print Market Opportunity
Today, we believe that the revenue opportunity for low-to-medium order quantities (i.e., still within our focus of small-sized individual orders) in the four product categories below is over $100 billion annually in North America, Europe and Australia, and significantly higher if you include other geographies and custom consumer products. These product categories are listed in order of market penetration by mass customization models. The market for small format marketing materials is the most mature in this penetration, though there is still a significant portion served by thousands of small traditional suppliers. The market for packaging products is the least mature in terms of penetration by mass customization models, but this transition has begun. The estimates of annual market opportunity in each of the four product categories below are based on research conducted for Cimpress by third-party research firm Keypoint Intelligence in August 2022 to estimate the value of print shipments to small and medium businesses in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, UK and the U.S. Cimpress extrapolated the findings of the study to estimate the market size of the remaining countries in North America and Europe in which we sell products based on the relative number of small and medium businesses in those other markets.
•Small format marketing materials such as business cards, flyers, leaflets, inserts, brochures, and magazines. Businesses of all sizes are the main end users of short-and-medium run lengths (per order quantities below 2,500 units for business cards and below 20,000 units for other materials). This opportunity is estimated to be more than $25 billion per year.
•Large format products such as banners, signs, tradeshow displays, and point-of-sale displays. Businesses of all sizes are the main end users of short-and-medium run lengths (less than 1,000 units). This opportunity is estimated to be more than $35 billion per year.
•Promotional products, apparel, and gifts including decorated apparel, bags, and textiles, and hard goods such as pens, USB sticks, and drinkware. The end users of short-and-medium runs of these products range from businesses to teams, associations and groups, as well as individual consumers. This opportunity is estimated to be more than $25 billion per year.
•Packaging products, such as corrugated board packaging, folded cartons, bags, and labels. Businesses of all sizes are the primary end users for short-and-medium runs (below 10,000 units). This opportunity is estimated to be more than $15 billion per year.
Design Market Opportunity
Vista was an early pioneer of the concept of web-based do-it-yourself design for printed products as a fundamental part of its original customer value proposition for designs for relatively simple 2D product formats. We believe that there is an ongoing revolution in graphic design for small business marketing, one in which a combination of technology tools, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and convenient access via two-sided marketplace platforms to professional freelance design talent (including from low-cost countries) will continue a multi-decade democratization of design that has been central to print mass customization, and is likely to continue
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to be a key enabler to bringing ever-more-complex product formats and marketing channels into the mass customization paradigm (for example, packaging, large format signage, and catalogs). Vista has continued to invest in its design capabilities, both organically and through acquisition, to be a leader in this market shift. For example, Vista has acquired a network of 150,000 freelance designers who work with customer-specific design projects and a business with more than 100,000 freelance contributors of photos, videos, music, and other content. Vista is building a design system that combines graphic templates created by thousands of freelancers with algorithmically generated variations across many different print and digital products of customers' adaptation of those templates.
Vista researched the design spend in two of its largest markets, the U.S. and Germany, and found that small businesses spend approximately $6 billion annually on design services in these two markets, exclusive of the purchases of the print or digital products that the designs enhance. Even more importantly, this research found that small businesses in these markets that purchase design services represent the majority of the addressable market for print and digital marketing materials. We believe that a broader complement of design services should enable Vista to retain customers longer as their needs evolve, as well as both attract new customers and serve existing customers with more complex products, and therefore access more of our total addressable market.
Digital Market Opportunity
Over the past decade, small businesses have complemented the physical products they use to market their businesses with digital marketing channels like websites and social media marketing. Though the digital marketing channels themselves are not areas that we believe we should allocate significant capital to develop our own offerings, design is a common component to both physical and digital marketing for small businesses, and our small business customers look for ideas and advice when it comes to ensuring cohesive brand expression and successful campaigns across these channels. In our Vista business we recently acquired a business to accelerate our offering for do-it-yourself social media design that, combined with partnership opportunities with leading digital presence businesses like Wix, has extended our total addressable market into an adjacency where we believe we have an opportunity to deliver integrated marketing solutions to small business customers using a best-in-class partnership approach. The total market for digital marketing applications is massive, but our ambition here is focused on enhancing the customer experience of millions of Vista customers, where the amount that businesses spend annually on digital marketing solutions is roughly the same amount as is spent on design services and print products. We believe investing in digital design capabilities and offering digital solutions via partnership will enable Vista to capture a portion of this opportunity by attracting new customers and increasing the lifetime value and retention of existing customers.
Our Businesses
Cimpress businesses include our organically developed Vista business, plus businesses that we have either fully acquired or in which we have a majority equity stake. Prior to their acquisitions, most of our acquired companies pursued business models that already applied the principles of mass customization to print and related products. In other words, each provided a standardized set of products that could be configured and customized by customers, ordered in relatively low volumes, and produced via relatively standardized, homogeneous production processes, at prices lower than those charged by traditional producers.
Our businesses serve markets primarily in North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. We also have small but fast growing businesses in India and Brazil. Their websites typically offer a broad assortment of tools and features allowing customers to create a product design or upload their own complete design and place an order, either on a completely self-service basis or with varying levels of assistance. The combined product assortment across our businesses is extensive, including offerings in the following product categories: business cards, marketing materials such as flyers and postcards, digital and marketing services, writing instruments, signage, canvas-print wall décor, decorated apparel, promotional products and gifts, packaging, design services, textiles, and magazines and catalogs.
The majority of our revenue is driven by standardized processes and enabled by software. We endeavor to design these processes and technologies to readily scale as the number of orders received per day increases. In particular, the more individual jobs we receive in a given time period, the more efficiently we can sort and route jobs with homogeneous production processes to given nodes of our internal production systems or of our third-party supply chain. This sortation and subsequent process automation improves production efficiency. We believe that our strategy of systematizing our service and production systems enables us to deliver value to customers much more effectively than traditional competitors.
Our businesses operate production facilities throughout the geographies listed above, with over 3 million square feet of production space in the aggregate across our owned and operated facilities. We also work
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extensively with hundreds of external fulfillers across the globe. We believe that the improvements we have made and the future improvements we intend to make in software technologies that support the design, sortation, scheduling, production, and delivery processes provide us with significant competitive advantage. In many cases our businesses can produce and ship an order the same day they receive it. Our supply chain systems and processes seek to reduce inventory and working capital and improve delivery speeds to customers relative to traditional suppliers. In certain of our company-owned manufacturing facilities, software schedules the near-simultaneous production of different customized products that have been ordered by the same customer, allowing us to produce and deliver multi-part orders quickly and efficiently.
We believe that the potential for scale-based advantages is not limited to focused, automated production lines. Other advantages include the ability to systematically and automatically sort through the voluminous “long tail” of diverse and uncommon orders in order to group them into more homogeneous categories, and to route them to production nodes that are specialized for that category of operations and/or which are geographically proximate to the customer. In such cases, even though the daily production volume of a given production node is small in comparison to our highest-volume production lines, the homogeneity and volume we are able to achieve is nonetheless significant relative to traditional suppliers of the long-tail product in question; thus, our relative efficiency gains remain substantial. For this type of long-tail production, we rely heavily on third-party fulfillment partnerships, which allow us to offer a very diverse set of products. We acquired most of our capabilities in this area via our investments in Exaprint, Printdeal, Pixartprinting, and WIRmachenDRUCK. For instance, the product assortment of each of these four businesses is measured in the tens of thousands, versus Vista where product assortment is dramatically smaller on a relative basis. This deep and broad product offering is important to many customers.
Our businesses are currently organized into the following five reportable segments:
1.Vista:

| Consists of the operations of our VistaPrint branded websites in North America, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand, India, and Singapore. This business also includes our 99designs by Vista business, which provides graphic design services, VistaCreate for do-it-yourself (DIY) design, our Vista x Wix partnership for small business websites, and our Vista Corporate Solutions business, which serves medium-sized businesses and large corporations.

Our Vista business helps more than 11 million small businesses annually to create attractive, professional-quality marketing products at affordable prices and at low volumes. With Vista, small businesses are able to create and customize their marketing with easy-to-use digital tools and design-templates, or by receiving expert graphic design support. In October 2020, Vista acquired 99designs to expand its design offering via a worldwide community of more than 150,000 talented designers to make it easy for designers and clients to work together to create designs they love. In October 2021, Vista acquired Depositphotos and its business now known as VistaCreate to expand the content available for our customers and to introduce VistaCreate, which is a versatile, intuitive design software, which leverages templates from freelance contributors.
Several signature services including "VistaPrint", "VistaCreate", "99designs by Vista", "Vista Corporate Solutions," and "Vista x Wix" operate within the "Vista" brand architecture. This broadens our customers' understanding of our value proposition to allow us to serve a larger set of their needs across a wide range of products and solutions that include design, social media, and web presence as well as print.
VistaPrint represents the vast majority of the revenue in this segment where average order value is more than $80 and customers spend, on average, a bit more than $170 per year; gross margins are about 54% and advertising spend as a percent of revenue is about 16%. Vista has had strong free cash flow conversion as its e-commerce model typically leads to collections from customers prior to the production and shipment of customer orders.
Upload & Print:
Our Upload & Print businesses are organized in two reportable segments: PrintBrothers and The Print Group, both of which focus on serving graphic professionals such as local printers, print resellers, graphic artists, advertising agencies, and other customers with professional desktop publishing skill sets. Upload and Print businesses have an average order value of about €115 and annual per customer revenue of over €650. Gross margins vary by business but average about 30% due to wholesale-like pricing and the wide
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variety of products produced both in owned facilities as well as via third-party fulfillers. Advertising spend as a percent of revenue is about 5%.
2.PrintBrothers: Consists of our druck.at, Printdeal, and WIRmachenDRUCK businesses. PrintBrothers businesses serve customers throughout Europe, primarily in Austria, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.

3.The Print Group: Consists of our Easyflyer, Exaprint, Pixartprinting, and Tradeprint businesses. The Print Group businesses serve customers throughout Europe, primarily in France, Italy, Spain, and the UK.

4.National Pen:

| Consists of our National Pen business and a few smaller brands operated by National Pen that are focused on customized writing instruments and promotional products, apparel, and gifts for small- and medium-sized businesses.

National Pen serves more than a million small businesses annually across geographies including North America, Europe, and Australia. Marketing methods are typically direct mail and telesales, as well as a growing e-commerce site. National Pen operates several brands focused on customized writing instruments and promotional products, apparel, and gifts for small- and medium-sized businesses. National Pen’s average order value is about $200 - $250, and annual revenue per customer is about $300. Gross margins are about 52% with highly seasonal profits driven in the December quarter. Advertising spend as a percent of revenue is about 21%. Significant inventory and customer invoicing requirements in this business drive different working capital needs compared to our other businesses.
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5.All Other Businesses:
A collection of businesses combined into one reportable segment based on materiality, including BuildASign, a larger and profitable business, with strong profitability and cash flow, and Printi, a small early-stage business operating at a relatively modest operating loss. We exited our YSD business, which was included in this reportable segment, during fiscal year 2023.

| BuildASign is an e-commerce provider of canvas-print wall décor, business signage, and other large-format printed products.
| As the online printing leader in Brazil, Printi offers a superior customer experience with transparent and attractive pricing, reliable service, and quality.

Central Procurement
Given the scale of purchasing that happens across Cimpress’ businesses, there is significant value to coordinating our negotiations and purchasing to gain the benefit of scale. Our central procurement team negotiates and manages Cimpress-wide contracts for large-scale capital equipment, shipping services, and major categories of raw materials (e.g., paper, plates, ink). The Cimpress procurement team also supports procurement improvements, tools, and approaches across other aspects of our businesses’ purchases.
While we are focused on seeking low total cost in our strategic sourcing efforts, we also work to ensure quality, deliver reliability, and responsible sourcing practices within our supply chain. Our efforts include the procurement of high-quality materials and equipment that meet our strict specifications at a low total cost across a growing number of manufacturing locations, with an increasing focus on supplier compliance with our sustainable paper procurement policy as well as our Supplier Code of Conduct. Additionally, we work to develop and implement logistics, warehousing, and outbound shipping strategies to provide a balance of low-cost material availability while limiting our inventory exposure.
In light of recent disruptions in global supply chains, which impacted many industries, including ours, having this central procurement team that worked together with the procurement teams in each of our businesses benefited us, and we believe it has enabled us to operate more effectively, mitigating supply and cost risks relative to smaller competitors.
Technology
Our businesses typically rely on proprietary technology to attract and retain our customers, to enable customers to create graphic designs and place orders on our websites, and to sort, aggregate, and produce multiple orders in standardized, scalable processes. Technology is core to our competitive advantage, as without it our businesses would not be able to produce custom orders in small quantities while achieving the economics that are more analogous to mass-produced items.
We are building and using our Mass Customization Platform (MCP), which is a cloud-based collection of software services, APIs, web applications, and related technology that can be leveraged independently or together by our businesses and third parties to perform common tasks that are important to mass customization. Cimpress businesses, and increasingly third-party fulfillers to our various businesses, leverage different combinations of MCP services, depending on what capabilities they need to complement their business-specific technology. The capabilities that are available in the MCP today include customer-facing technologies, such as ecommerce or those that enable customers to visualize their designs on various products, as well as manufacturing, supply chain, and logistics technologies that automate various stages of the production and delivery of a product to a customer. The benefits of the MCP include improved speed to market for new product introduction, reduction in fulfillment costs, improvement of product delivery or geographic expansion, improved site experience, automating manual tasks, and avoidance of certain redundant costs. We believe the MCP can generate significant customer and shareholder value from increased specialization of production facilities, aggregated scale from multiple businesses, increased product offerings, and shared technology development costs.
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We intend to continue developing and enhancing our MCP-based customer-facing and manufacturing, supply chain, and logistics technologies and processes. We develop our MCP technology centrally and we also have software and production engineering capabilities in each of our businesses. Our businesses are constantly seeking to strengthen our manufacturing and supply chain capabilities through engineering improvements in areas like automation, lean manufacturing, choice of equipment, product manufacturability, materials science, process control, and color control.
Each of our businesses uses a mix of proprietary and third-party technology that supports the specific needs of that business. Their technology intensity ranges depending on their specific needs. Over the past few years, an increasing number of our businesses have modernized and modularized their business-specific technology to enable them to launch more new products faster, provide a better customer experience, more easily connect to our MCP technologies, and leverage third-party technologies where we do not need to bear the cost of developing and maintaining proprietary technologies. For example, our businesses are increasingly using third-party software for capabilities such as content management, multivariate testing tools, and data warehousing, which are areas that specialized best-in-class technologies are better than the proprietary technologies they have replaced. This allows our own engineering and development talent to focus on artwork technologies, product information management, and marketplace technologies from which we derive competitive advantage.
In our central Cimpress Technology team and in an increasing number of our decentralized businesses, we have adopted an agile, micro-services-based approach to technology development that enables multiple businesses or use cases to leverage this API technology regardless of where it was originally developed. We believe this development approach can help our businesses serve customers and scale operations more rapidly than could have been done as an individual business outside Cimpress.
Information Privacy and Security
Each Cimpress business is responsible for ensuring that customer, company, and team member information is secure and handled in ways that are fully compliant with relevant laws and regulations. Because there are many aspects of this topic that apply to all of our businesses, Cimpress also has a central security team that defines security policies, deploys security controls, provides services, and embeds security into the development processes of our businesses. This team works in partnership with each of our businesses and the corporate center to measure security maturity and risk, and provides managed security services in a way that allows each business to address their unique challenges, lower their cost, and become more efficient in using their resources.
Shared Talent Infrastructure
We make it easy, low cost, and efficient for Cimpress businesses to set up and grow teams in India via a central infrastructure that provides all the local recruiting, onboarding, day-to-day administration, HR, and facilities management to support these teams, whether for technology, graphic services, or other business functions. Most of our businesses have established teams in India, leveraging this central capability, with those teams working directly for the respective Cimpress business. This is another example of scale advantage, albeit with talent, relative to both traditional suppliers and smaller online competitors, that we leverage across Cimpress.
Competition
The markets for the products our businesses produce and sell are intensely competitive, highly fragmented, and geographically dispersed, with many existing and potential competitors. Though Cimpress is the largest business in our space, we still represent a small fraction of the overall market, and believe there is significant room for growth over the long-term future. Within this highly competitive context, our businesses compete on the basis of breadth and depth of product offerings; price; convenience; quality; technology; design content, tools, and assistance; customer service; ease of use; and production and delivery speed. It is our intention to offer a broad selection of high-quality products as well as related services at competitive price points and, in doing so, offer our customers an attractive value proposition. As described above, in Vista in recent years we expanded both our value proposition and addressable market to include design and digital marketing services.
Our current competition includes a combination of the following:
•traditional offline suppliers and graphic design providers
•online printing and graphic design companies
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•office superstores, drug store chains, and other major retailers targeting small business and consumer markets
•wholesale printers
•self-service desktop design and publishing using personal computer software
•email marketing services companies
•website design and hosting companies
•suppliers of customized apparel, promotional products, gifts, and packaging
•online photo product companies
•internet retailers
•online providers of custom printing services that outsource production to third-party printers
•providers of digital marketing such as social media and local search directories
Today’s market has evolved to be more competitive. This evolution, which has been ongoing for over 20 years, has led to major benefits for customers in terms of lower prices, faster lead times, and easier customer experience. Cimpress and its businesses have proactively driven, and benefited from, this dynamic. The mass customization business model first took off with small format products like business cards, post cards and flyers, and consumer products, like holiday cards. As the model has become better understood and more prevalent, and online advertising approaches more common, the competition has become more intense. These types of small format products are growing and we continue to derive significant profits from these small format products. Additionally, there are other product areas that have only more recently begun to benefit from mass customization, such as books, catalogs, magazines, textiles, and packaging.
Social and Environmental Responsibility
Above and beyond compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we expect all parts of Cimpress to conduct business in a socially responsible, ethical manner. Examples of these efforts are:
•Climate change: We strive to achieve net zero carbon emissions by fiscal year 2040 across our entire value chain and to achieve a 53% reduction in emissions by fiscal year 2030 as compared to our fiscal year 2019 baseline. The majority of these baseline emissions are from our value chain (Scope 3). Through investments in energy-efficient infrastructure and equipment, as well as renewable energy, we have achieved significant reductions in our direct emissions (Scope 1) and indirect emissions from purchased electricity or other forms of energy (Scope 2), and expect further reductions in the future. We have begun to examine our Scope 3 emissions, including substrate and logistics choices, for further opportunities to reduce total emissions. We are focused on engaging our suppliers to refine our Scope 3 data, while enhancing our internal data management capabilities to improve our decision making and reporting capabilities. Our targets have been informed by a science-based approach and are in alignment with a 1.5 o C pathway.
•Responsible forestry: We have converted the vast majority of the paper we print on in our Cimpress-owned production facilities to FSC-certified paper (FSC® C143124, FSC® C125299), a leading certification of responsible forestry practices. This certification confirms that the paper we print on comes from responsibly managed forests that meet high environmental and social standards. Currently 83% of the paper that we print on in our facilities is FSC-certified, and we seek to move that to 100% over time. We have expanded beyond our original product goal to also include packaging, where we target 95% of our packaging to be either FSC-certified corrugate or containing recycled content from post-consumer sources. We have also begun to engage our third-party suppliers to materially expand their use of responsibly forested paper for the products that they customize on our behalf.
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•Plastics transition: We are committed to improving the profile of our plastic-based packaging and products in line with the targets set by the New Plastics Economy Global Commitment, co-sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme. Our goal is focused on our product and packaging profile, and by fiscal year 2025 we aim to eliminate 100% of problematic plastic usage (PVC and polystyrene), transition 100% of non-reusable packaging to recyclable and/or compostable materials, decrease virgin plastic content in our packaging by 20%, and increase the recycled content in our plastic products by 20%. These goals are compared to our fiscal year 2020 baseline.
•Fair labor practices: We require recruiting, retention, and other performance management related decisions to be made based solely on merit and organizational needs and considerations, such as an individual’s ability to do their job with excellence and in alignment with the company’s strategic and operational objectives. We do not tolerate discrimination on any basis protected by human rights laws or anti-discrimination regulations, and we strive to do more in this regard than the law requires. We are committed to a work environment where team members are treated with respect and fairness, and have invested in education and awareness programs for team members to make further improvements in this area. We value individual differences, unique perspectives, and the distinct contributions that each one of us can make to the company.
•Team member health and safety: We require safe working conditions at all times to ensure our team members and other parties are protected, and require legal compliance at a minimum at all times. We require training on – and compliance with – safe work practices and procedures at all manufacturing facilities to ensure the safety of team members and visitors to our plant floors.
•Ethical supply chain: It is important to us that our supply chain reflects our commitment to doing business with the highest standards of ethics and integrity. We expect our suppliers to act in full compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Our code of business conduct and supplier code of conduct lay out our expectations regarding human rights, environmental standards, and safe working conditions. Each Cimpress business is responsible to closely monitor its supply chain for unacceptable practices such as environmental crimes, child labor, slavery, or unsafe working conditions.
More information can be found at www.cimpress.com in our Corporate Social Responsibility section, including links to reports and documents such as our inaugural environmental, social, and governance (ESG) report published on December 20, 2022, supplier code of conduct, and compliance with the UK anti-slavery act. We are monitoring developments in the ESG reporting regulatory landscape and are building the necessary processes and capabilities to remain in compliance as relevant regulations evolve.
Intellectual Property
We seek to protect our proprietary rights through a combination of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, and contractual restrictions. We enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants, and business partners, and control access to, and distribution of, our proprietary information. We have registered, or applied for the registration of, a number of U.S. and international domain names, trademarks, and copyrights. Additionally, we have filed U.S. and international patent applications for certain of our proprietary technology.
Seasonality
Our profitability has historically had seasonal fluctuations. Our second fiscal quarter, ending December 31, includes the majority of the holiday shopping season and is our strongest quarter for sales of our consumer-oriented products, such as holiday cards, calendars, canvas prints, photobooks, and personalized gifts.
Human Capital
As of June 30, 2023, we had approximately 15,000 full-time and approximately 1,000 temporary employees worldwide.
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Corporate Information
Cimpress plc was incorporated on July 5, 2017 as a private company limited by shares under the laws of Ireland and on November 18, 2019 was re-registered as a public limited company under the laws of Ireland. On December 3, 2019, Cimpress N.V., the former publicly traded parent company of the Cimpress group of entities, merged with and into Cimpress plc, with Cimpress plc surviving the merger and becoming the publicly traded parent company of the Cimpress group of entities.
Available Information
We make available, free of charge through our investor relations website at ir.cimpress.com, the reports, proxy statements, amendments, and other materials we file with or furnish to the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials with or to the SEC. We are not including the information contained on our website, or information that can be accessed by links contained on our website, as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our future results may vary materially from those contained in forward-looking statements that we make in this Report and other filings with the SEC, press releases, communications with investors, and oral statements due to the following important factors, among others. Our forward-looking statements in this Report and in any other public statements we make may turn out to be wrong. These statements can be affected by, among other things, inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties or risks we currently deem immaterial. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
We manage our business for long-term results, and our quarterly and annual financial results often fluctuate, which may lead to volatility in our share price.
Our revenue and operating results often vary significantly from period to period due to a number of factors, and as a result comparing our financial results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. We prioritize our uppermost financial objective of maximizing our intrinsic value per share even at the expense of shorter-term results. Many of the factors that lead to period-to-period fluctuations are outside of our control; however, some factors are inherent in our business strategies. Some of the specific factors that could cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter or year to year include among others:
•investments in our business in the current period intended to generate longer-term returns, where the costs in the near term will not be offset by revenue or cost savings until future periods, if at all
•costs to produce and deliver our products and provide our services, including the effects of inflation, the rising costs of raw materials such as paper, and rising energy costs
•supply chain challenges
•a potential recession or other economic downturn in some or all of our markets
•our pricing and marketing strategies and those of our competitors
•variations in the demand for our products and services, in particular during our second fiscal quarter, which may be driven by seasonality, performance issues in some of our businesses and markets, or other factors
•currency and interest rate fluctuations, which affect our revenue, costs, and fair value of our assets and liabilities
•our hedging activity
•our ability to attract and retain customers and generate purchases
•shifts in revenue mix toward less profitable products and brands
•the commencement or termination of agreements with our strategic partners, suppliers, and others
•our ability to manage our production, fulfillment, and support operations
•expenses and charges related to our compensation arrangements with our executives and employees
•costs and charges resulting from litigation
•changes in our effective income tax rate or tax-related benefits or costs
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•costs to acquire businesses or integrate our acquired businesses
•financing costs
•impairments of our tangible and intangible assets including goodwill
•the results of our minority investments and joint ventures
Some of our expenses, such as building leases, depreciation related to previously acquired property and equipment, and personnel costs, are relatively fixed, and we may be unable to, or may not choose to, adjust operating expenses to offset any revenue shortfall. Accordingly, any shortfall in revenue may cause significant variation in operating results in any period. Our operating results may sometimes be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, in which case the price of our ordinary shares may decline.
If we are not successful in transforming the Vista business, then we could lose market share and our financial results could be adversely impacted.
The Vista business is undertaking a multi-year transformation to be the expert design and marketing partner for small businesses. In the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, we implemented organizational changes to support expanded profitability and improve the speed and quality of our execution, and we have been investing heavily to rebuild Vista's technology infrastructure, improve our customer experience and product quality, and optimize Vista's marketing mix. If our investments do not have the effects we expect, the new technology infrastructure does not perform well or is not as transformational as we expect, we fail to execute well on the evolution of our customer value proposition and brand, or the transformation is otherwise unsuccessful, then the number of new and repeat customers we attract may not grow or could decline, Vista's reputation and brand could be damaged, and our revenue and earnings could fail to grow or could decline.
We may not succeed in promoting, strengthening, and evolving our brands, which could prevent us from acquiring new customers and increasing revenues.
A primary component of our business strategy is to promote and strengthen our brands to attract new and repeat customers, and we face significant competition from other companies in our markets who also seek to establish strong brands. To promote and strengthen our brands, we must incur substantial marketing expenses and establish a relationship of trust with our customers by providing a high-quality customer experience, which requires us to invest substantial amounts of our resources.
Our global operations and decentralized organizational structure place a significant strain on our management, employees, facilities, and other resources and subject us to additional risks.
We are a global company with production facilities, offices, employees, and localized websites in many countries across six continents, and we manage our businesses and operations in a decentralized, autonomous manner. We are subject to a number of risks and challenges that relate to our global operations, decentralization, and complexity including, among others:
•difficulty managing operations in, and communications among, multiple businesses, locations, and time zones
•challenges of ensuring speed, nimbleness, and entrepreneurialism in a large and complex organization
•difficulty complying with multiple tax laws, treaties, and regulations and limiting our exposure to onerous or unanticipated taxes, duties, tariffs, and other costs
•our failure to maintain sufficient financial and operational controls and systems to manage our decentralized businesses and comply with our obligations as a public company
•the challenge of complying with disparate laws in multiple countries, such as local regulations that may impair our ability to conduct our business as planned, protectionist laws that favor local businesses, and restrictions imposed by local labor laws
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•the challenge of maintaining management's focus on our strategic and operational priorities and minimizing lower priority distractions
•disruptions caused by political and social instability and war that may occur in some countries
•exposure to corrupt business practices that may be common in some countries or in some sales channels and markets, such as bribery or the willful infringement of intellectual property rights
•difficulty repatriating cash from some countries
•difficulty importing and exporting our products across country borders and difficulty complying with customs regulations in the many countries where we sell products
•disruptions or cessation of important components of our international supply chain
•failure of local laws to provide a sufficient degree of protection against infringement of our intellectual property
In addition, we are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that may impact items such as the translation of our revenue and expenses, remeasurement of our intercompany balances, and the value of our cash and cash equivalents and other assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our reporting currency. The hedging activities we engage in may not mitigate the net impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations, and our financial results may differ materially from expectations as a result of such fluctuations.
Failure to protect our information systems and the confidential information of our customers, employees, and business partners against security breaches or thefts could damage our reputation and brands, subject us to litigation and enforcement actions, and substantially harm our business and results of operations.
Our business involves the receipt, storage, and transmission of customers' personal and payment information, as well as confidential information about our business, employees, suppliers, and business partners, some of which is entrusted to third-party service providers, partners, and vendors. We and third parties with which we share information have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyberattacks and other malicious activity that may include physical and electronic break-ins, computer viruses, ransomware attacks, and phishing and other social engineering scams, among other threats, and our vulnerabilities may be heightened by our decentralized operating structure and many of our employees working remotely. As security threats evolve and become more sophisticated and more difficult to detect and defend against, a hacker or thief may defeat our security measures, or those of our third-party service provider, partner, or vendor, and obtain confidential or personal information. We or the third party may not discover the security breach and theft of information for a significant period of time after the breach occurs. We may need to significantly increase the resources we expend to protect against security breaches and thefts of data or to address problems caused by breaches or thefts, and we may not be able to anticipate cyber attacks or implement adequate preventative measures. Any compromise or breach of our information systems or the information systems of third parties with which we share information could, among other things:
•damage our reputation and brands
•expose us to losses, costs, litigation, enforcement actions, and possible liability
•result in a failure to comply with legal and industry privacy regulations and standards
•lead to the misuse of our and our customers' and employees' confidential or personal information
•cause interruptions in our operations
•cause us to lose revenue if existing and potential customers believe that their personal and payment information may not be safe with us
We are subject to the laws of many states, countries, and regions and industry guidelines and principles governing the collection, use, retention, disclosure, sharing, and security of data that we receive from and about our customers and employees. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with any of these laws, guidelines, or
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principles could result in actions against us by governmental entities or others, a loss of customer confidence, and damage to our brands. In addition, the regulatory landscape is constantly changing, as various regulatory bodies throughout the world enact new laws concerning privacy, data retention, data transfer, and data protection. Complying with these varying and changing requirements is challenging, especially for our smaller, more thinly staffed businesses, and could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business and operating results.
Acquisitions and strategic investments may be disruptive to our business, may fail to achieve our goals, and can negatively impact our financial results.
An important way in which we pursue our strategy is to selectively acquire businesses, technologies, and services and make minority investments in businesses and joint ventures. The time and expense associated with acquisitions and investments can be disruptive to our ongoing business and divert our management's attention. In addition, we have needed in the past, and may need in the future, to seek financing for acquisitions and investments, which may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all, and can cause dilution to our shareholders, cause us to incur additional debt, or subject us to covenants restricting the activities we may undertake.
An acquisition, minority investment, or joint venture may fail to achieve our goals and expectations and may have a negative impact on our business and financial results in a number of ways including the following:
•The business we acquired or invested in may not perform or fit with our strategy as well as we expected.
•Acquisitions and minority investments can be costly and can result in increased expenses including impairments of goodwill and intangible asserts if financial goals are not achieved, assumptions of contingent or unanticipated liabilities, amortization of certain acquired assets, and increased tax costs. In addition, we may overpay for acquired businesses.
•The management of our acquired businesses, minority investments, and joint ventures may be more expensive or may take more resources than we expected. In addition, continuing to devote resources to a struggling business can take resources away from other investment areas and priorities.
•We may not be able to retain customers and key employees of the acquired businesses. In particular, it can be challenging to motivate the founders who built a business to continue to lead the business after they sell it to us.
The accounting for our acquisitions and minority investments requires us to make significant estimates, judgments, and assumptions that can change from period to period, based in part on factors outside of our control, which can create volatility in our financial results. For example, we often pay a portion of the purchase price for our acquisitions in the form of an earn out based on performance targets for the acquired companies or enter into obligations or options to purchase noncontrolling interests in our acquired companies or minority investments, which can be difficult to forecast and can lead to larger than expected payouts that can adversely impact our results of operations.
Furthermore, provisions for future payments to sellers based on the performance or valuation of the acquired businesses, such as earn outs and options to purchase noncontrolling interests, can lead to disputes with the sellers about the achievement of the performance targets or valuation or create inadvertent incentives for the acquired company's management to take short-term actions designed to maximize the payments they receive instead of benefiting the business.
If we are unable to attract new and repeat customers in a cost-effective manner, our business and results of operations could be harmed.
Our various businesses rely on a variety of marketing methods to attract new and repeat customers. These methods include promoting our products and services through paid channels such as online search, display, and television, as well as leveraging our owned and operated channels such as email, direct mail, our social media accounts, and telesales. If the costs of these channels significantly increase or the effectiveness of these channels significantly declines, then our ability to efficiently attract new and repeat customers would be reduced, our revenue and net income could decline, and our business and results of operations would be harmed.
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Developing and deploying our mass customization platform is costly and resource-intensive, and we may not realize all of the anticipated benefits of the platform.
A key component of our strategy is the development and deployment of a mass customization platform, which is a cloud-based collection of software services, APIs, web applications and related technology offerings that can be leveraged independently or together by our businesses and third parties to perform common tasks that are important to mass customization. The process of developing new technology is complex, costly, and uncertain and requires us to commit significant resources before knowing whether our businesses will adopt components of our mass customization platform or whether the platform will make us more effective and competitive. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will find new capabilities to add to the growing set of technologies that make up our platform, that our diverse businesses will realize value from the platform, or that we will realize expected returns on the capital expended to develop the platform.
Seasonal fluctuations in our business place a strain on our operations and resources.
Our profitability has historically been highly seasonal. Our second fiscal quarter, which ends on December 31, includes the majority of the holiday shopping season and typically accounts for a disproportionately high portion of our earnings for the year, primarily due to higher sales of home and family products such as holiday cards, calendars, photo books, and personalized gifts. In addition, our National Pen business has historically generated nearly all of its profits during the second fiscal quarter. Lower than expected sales during the second quarter have a disproportionately large impact on our operating results and financial condition for the full fiscal year. In addition, if our manufacturing and other operations are unable to keep up with the high volume of orders during our second fiscal quarter or we experience inefficiencies in our production or disruptions of our supply chains, then our costs may be significantly higher, and we and our customers can experience delays in order fulfillment and delivery and other disruptions.
Our businesses face risks related to interruption of our operations and supply chains and lack of redundancy.
Our businesses' production facilities, websites, infrastructure, supply chain, customer service centers, and operations may be vulnerable to interruptions, and we do not have redundancies or alternatives in all cases to carry on these operations in the event of an interruption. In addition, because our businesses are dependent in part on third parties for certain aspects of our communications and production systems, we may not be able to remedy interruptions to these systems in a timely manner or at all due to factors outside of our control. Some of the events that could cause interruptions in our businesses' operations, systems, or supply chains are the following, among others:
•fire, natural disaster, or extreme weather, which could be exacerbated by climate change
•pandemic or other public health crisis
•ransomware and other cyber security attacks
•labor strike, work stoppage, or other issues with our workforce
•political instability or acts of terrorism or war
•power loss or telecommunication failure
•attacks on our external websites or internal network by hackers or other malicious parties
•inadequate capacity in our systems and infrastructure to cope with periods of high volume and demand
Any interruptions to our systems or operations could result in lost revenue, increased costs, negative publicity, damage to our reputations and brands, and an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Building redundancies into our infrastructure, systems, and supply chain to mitigate these risks may require us to commit substantial financial, operational, and technical resources.
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Failure to meet our customers' price expectations would adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Demand for our products and services is sensitive to price for almost all of our businesses, and changes in our pricing strategies have had a significant impact on the numbers of customers and orders in some regions, which in turn affects our revenue, profitability, and results of operations. Many factors can significantly impact our pricing and marketing strategies, including the costs of running our business, the costs of raw materials, our competitors' pricing and marketing strategies, and the effects of inflation. We may not be able to mitigate increases in our costs by increasing the prices of our products and services. If we fail to meet our customers' price expectations, our business and results of operations may suffer.
We are subject to safety, health, and environmental laws and regulations, which could result in liabilities, cost increases, or restrictions on our operations.
We are subject to a variety of safety, health and environmental, or SHE, laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. SHE laws and regulations frequently change and evolve, including the addition of new SHE regulations, especially with respect to climate change. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, the storage, handling and disposal of hazardous and other regulated substances and wastes, soil and groundwater contamination, and employee health and safety. We use regulated substances such as inks and solvents, and generate air emissions and other discharges at our manufacturing facilities, and some of our facilities are required to hold environmental permits. If we fail to comply with existing or new SHE requirements, we may be subject to monetary fines, civil or criminal sanctions, third-party claims, or the limitation or suspension of our operations. In addition, if we are found to be responsible for hazardous substances at any location (including, for example, offsite waste disposal facilities or facilities at which we formerly operated), we may be responsible for the cost of cleaning up contamination, regardless of fault, as well as for claims for harm to health or property or for natural resource damages arising out of contamination or exposure to hazardous substances.
Complying with existing SHE laws and regulations is costly, and we expect our costs to significantly increase as new SHE requirements are added and existing requirements become more stringent. In some cases we pursue self-imposed socially responsible policies that are more stringent than is typically required by laws and regulations, for instance in the areas of worker safety, team member social benefits, and environmental protection such as carbon reduction initiatives. The costs of this added SHE effort are often substantial and could grow over time.
The failure of our business partners to use legal and ethical business practices could negatively impact our business.
We contract with multiple suppliers, fulfillers, merchants, and other business partners in many jurisdictions worldwide. We require our business partners to operate in compliance with all applicable laws, including those regarding corruption, working conditions, employment practices, safety and health, and environmental compliance, but we cannot control their business practices. We may not be able to adequately vet, monitor, and audit our many business partners (or their suppliers) throughout the world, and our decentralized structure heightens this risk, as not all of our businesses have equal resources to manage their business partners. If any of them violates labor, environmental, or other laws or implements business practices that are regarded as unethical or inconsistent with our values, our reputation could be severely damaged, and our supply chain and order fulfillment process could be interrupted, which could harm our sales and results of operations.
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our reputation and brands could be damaged, and others may be able to use our technology, which could substantially harm our business and financial results.
We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property, but these protective measures afford only limited protection. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may be able to copy or use technology or information that we consider proprietary. There can be no guarantee that any of our pending patent applications or continuation patent applications will be granted, and from time to time we face infringement, invalidity, intellectual property ownership, or similar claims brought by third parties with respect to our patents. In addition, despite our trademark registrations throughout the world, our competitors or other entities may adopt names, marks, or domain names similar to ours,
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thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to customer confusion. Enforcing our intellectual property rights can be extremely costly, and a failure to protect or enforce these rights could damage our reputation and brands and substantially harm our business and financial results.
Intellectual property disputes and litigation are costly and could cause us to lose our exclusive rights, subject us to liability, or require us to stop some of our business activities.
From time to time, we receive claims from third parties that we infringe their intellectual property rights, that we are required to enter into patent licenses covering aspects of the technology we use in our business, or that we improperly obtained or used their confidential or proprietary information. Any litigation, settlement, license, or other proceeding relating to intellectual property rights, even if we settle it or it is resolved in our favor, could be costly, divert our management's efforts from managing and growing our business, and create uncertainties that may make it more difficult to run our operations. If any parties successfully claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we might be forced to pay significant damages and attorney's fees, and we could be restricted from using certain technologies important to the operation of our business.
Our business is dependent on the Internet, and unfavorable changes in government regulation of the Internet, e-commerce, and email marketing could substantially harm our business and financial results.
Because most of our businesses depend primarily on the Internet for our sales, laws specifically governing the Internet, e-commerce, and email marketing may have a greater impact on our operations than other more traditional businesses. Existing and future laws, such as laws covering pricing, customs, privacy, consumer protection, or commercial email, may impede the growth of e-commerce and our ability to compete with traditional “bricks and mortar” retailers. Existing and future laws or unfavorable changes or interpretations of these laws could substantially harm our business and financial results.
If we were required to screen the content that our customers incorporate into our products, our costs could significantly increase, which would harm our results of operations.
Because of our focus on automation and high volumes, many of our sales do not involve any human-based review of content. Although our websites' terms of use specifically require customers to make representations about the legality and ownership of the content they upload for production, there is a risk that a customer may supply an image or other content for an order we produce that is the property of another party used without permission, that infringes the copyright or trademark of another party, or that would be considered to be defamatory, hateful, obscene, or otherwise objectionable or illegal under the laws of the jurisdiction(s) where that customer lives or where we operate. If the machine-learning tools we have developed to aid our content review fail to find instances of intellectual property infringement or objectionable or illegal content in customer orders, we could be required to increase the amount of manual screening we perform, which could significantly increase our costs, and we could be required to pay substantial penalties or monetary damages for any failure in our screening process.
Risks Related to Our Industry and Macroeconomic Conditions
Rising costs could negatively affect our business and financial results.
During the last two fiscal years, we have experienced material cost increases in a number of areas, including energy, product substrates like paper, production materials like aluminum plates, freight and shipping charges, and employee compensation due to a more competitive labor market. We cannot predict whether costs will further increase in the future or by how much. We have not been able to fully mitigate our cost increases through price increases. If our costs remain elevated or continue to increase, there could be further negative impacts to our financial results, and increasing our prices in response to increased costs could negatively affect demand for our products and services.
Supply chain disruptions could impair our ability to source raw materials.
A number of factors have impacted, and could in the future impact, the availability of materials we use in our business, including the residual effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, rising energy prices and other inflationary pressures, rationing measures, labor shortages, civil unrest and war, and climate change. Our inability to source sufficient materials for our business in a timely manner, or at all, would significantly impair our ability to fulfill customer orders and sell our products, which would reduce our revenue and harm our financial results.
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We need to hire, retain, develop, and motivate talented personnel in key roles in order to be successful, and we face intense competition for talent.
If we are unable to recruit, retain, develop, and motivate our employees in senior management and key roles such as technology, marketing, data science, and production, then we may not be able to execute on our strategy and grow our business as planned. We are seeing increased competition for talent that makes it more difficult for us to retain the employees we have and to recruit new employees, and our current management and employees may cease their employment with us at any time with minimal advance notice. This retention risk is particularly heightened with respect to the leaders of certain of our businesses who have in the past or may in the future receive substantial payouts from their redeemable non-controlling interests in those businesses, as it may be challenging to retain and motivate them to continue running their businesses. Although we believe our remote-first way of working, which allows team members to work remotely with no expectation that they will commute to a company facility, is a competitive advantage, it can be more challenging to engage, motivate, and develop team members in a remote work environment, and our success depends on an engaged and motivated workforce and on developing the skills and talents of our workforce.
We face intense competition, and our competition may continue to increase.
The markets for our products and services are intensely competitive, highly fragmented, and geographically dispersed. The competitive landscape for e-commerce companies and the mass customization market continues to change as new e-commerce businesses are introduced, established e-commerce businesses enter the mass customization and print markets, and traditional “brick and mortar” businesses establish an online presence. With Vista's increased focus on design services, we now also face competition from companies in the design space, some of which may be more established, experienced, or innovative than we are . Competition may result in price pressure, increased advertising expense, reduced profit margins, and loss of market share and brand recognition, any of which could substantially harm our business and financial results. Some of our current and potential competitors have advantages over us, including longer operating histories, greater brand recognition or loyalty, more focus on a given subset of our business, significantly greater financial, marketing, and other resources, or willingness to operate at a loss while building market share.
A major economic downturn could negatively affect our business and financial results.
It is possible that some or all of our markets could enter a recession or other sustained economic downturn, which could negatively impact demand for our products and services. Although the economic downturns we experienced in the past often precipitated increases in the number of small businesses, which in turn increased demand for our products, an inflation-fueled downturn and/or tightening credit conditions could result in potential customers not being able to afford our products and rely more on free social media channels to market themselves instead of the products and services we offer. If demand for our products and services decreases, our business and financial results could be harmed.
Meeting our ESG goals will be costly, and our ESG policies and positions could expose us to reputational harm.
We face risks arising from the increased focus by our customers, investors, and regulators on environmental, social, and governance criteria, including with respect to climate change, labor practices, the diversity of our management and directors, and the composition of our Board. Meeting the ESG goals we have set and publicly disclosed will require significant resources and expenditures, and we may face pressure to make commitments, establish additional goals, and take actions to meet them beyond our current plans. If customers and potential customers are dissatisfied with our ESG goals or our progress towards meeting them, then they may choose not to buy our products and services, which could lead to reduced revenue, and our reputation could be harmed. In addition, with anti-ESG sentiment gaining momentum in some of our markets, we could experience reduced revenue and reputational harm if we are targeted by groups or influential individuals who disagree with our public positions on social or environmental issues.
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Risks Related to Our Corporate and Capital Structures
Our credit facility and the indentures that govern our notes restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
Our senior secured credit facility that governs our Term Loan B and revolving credit and the indenture that governs our 7.0% Senior Notes due 2026, which we collectively refer to as our debt documents, contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit how we conduct our business, execute our strategy, compete effectively, or take advantage of new business opportunities, including restrictions on our ability to:
•incur additional indebtedness, guarantee indebtedness, and incur liens
•pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem capital stock
•prepay, redeem, or repurchase subordinated debt
•issue certain preferred stock or similar redeemable equity securities
•make loans and investments
•sell assets
•enter into transactions with affiliates
•alter the businesses we conduct
•enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends
•consolidate, merge, or sell all or substantially all of our assets
A default under any of our debt documents would have a material, adverse effect on our business.
Our failure to make scheduled payments on our debt or our breach of the covenants or restrictions under any of our debt documents could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default would have a material, adverse effect on our business and financial condition, including the following, among others:
•Our lenders could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable, and we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness.
•Our secured lenders could foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings.
•Our lenders under our revolving credit facility could terminate all commitments to extend further credit under that facility.
•We could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.
Our material indebtedness and interest expense could adversely affect our financial condition.
As of June 30, 2023, our total debt was $1,654.0 million. Our level of debt could have important consequences, including the following:
•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general corporate requirements
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•requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes
•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions
•exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as some of our borrowings, including borrowings under our credit facility, are at variable rates of interest
•placing us at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors
•increasing our cost of borrowing
Subject to the limits contained in our debt documents, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt from time to time, and if we do so, the risks related to our level of debt could intensify.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital, or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. Refinancing our debt may be particularly challenging in the current environment of capital market disruptions and rising interest rates. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and if we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under our credit facility are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk, and any interest rate swaps we enter into in order to reduce interest rate volatility may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk. If interest rates continue to increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will increase even if the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease. As of June 30, 2023, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in rates, inclusive of our outstanding interest rate swaps, would result in an increase of interest expense of approximately $8.7 million over the next 12 months, not including any yield from our cash and marketable securities.
Challenges by various tax authorities to our international structure could, if successful, increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our earnings.
We are an Irish public limited company that operates through various subsidiaries in a number of countries throughout the world. Consequently, we are subject to tax laws, treaties and regulations in the countries in which we operate, and these laws and treaties are subject to interpretation. From time to time, we are subject to tax audits, and the tax authorities in these countries could claim that a greater portion of the income of the Cimpress plc group should be subject to income or other tax in their respective jurisdictions, which could result in an increase to our effective tax rate and adversely affect our results of operations.
Changes in tax laws, regulations and treaties could affect our tax rate and our results of operations.
A change in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation, of any country in which we operate could have a materially adverse impact on us, including increasing our tax burden, increasing costs of our tax compliance, or otherwise adversely affecting our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. There are currently multiple initiatives for comprehensive tax reform underway in key jurisdictions where we have operations, and we cannot predict whether any other specific legislation will be enacted or the terms of any such legislation. In addition, the application of sales, value added, or other consumption taxes to e-commerce businesses, such as Cimpress is a complex and evolving issue. If a government entity claims that we should have been collecting such taxes on the sale of our products in a jurisdiction where we have not been doing so, then we could incur substantial tax liabilities for past sales.
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Our intercompany arrangements may be challenged, which could result in higher taxes or penalties and an adverse effect on our earnings.
We operate pursuant to written transfer pricing agreements among Cimpress plc and its subsidiaries, which establish transfer prices for various services performed by our subsidiaries for other Cimpress group companies. If two or more affiliated companies are located in different countries, the tax laws or regulations of each country generally will require that transfer prices be consistent with those between unrelated companies dealing at arm's length. With the exception of certain jurisdictions where we have obtained rulings or advance pricing agreements, our transfer pricing arrangements are not binding on applicable tax authorities. If tax authorities in any country were successful in challenging our transfer prices as not reflecting arm's length transactions, they could require us to adjust our transfer prices and thereby reallocate our income to reflect these revised transfer prices. A reallocation of taxable income from a lower tax jurisdiction to a higher tax jurisdiction would result in a higher tax liability to us. In addition, if the country from which the income is reallocated does not agree with the reallocation, both countries could tax the same income, resulting in double taxation.
Because of our corporate structure, our shareholders may find it difficult to enforce claims based on United States federal or state laws, including securities liabilities, against us or our management team.
We are incorporated under the laws of Ireland. There can be no assurance that the courts of Ireland would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers based on the civil liabilities provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws or that the courts of Ireland would hear actions against us or those persons based on those laws. There is currently no treaty between the U.S. and Ireland providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, and Irish common law rules govern the process by which a U.S. judgment will be enforced in Ireland. Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any U.S. federal or state court based on civil liability, whether or not based solely on U.S. federal or state securities laws, would not automatically or necessarily be enforceable in Ireland.
In addition, because most of our assets are located outside of the United States and some of our directors and management reside outside of the United States, it could be difficult for investors to place a lien on our assets or those of our directors and officers in connection with a claim of liability under U.S. laws. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to enforce U.S. court judgments or rights predicated upon U.S. laws against us or our management team outside of the United States.
Our hedging activity could negatively impact our results of operations, cash flows, or leverage.
We have entered into derivatives to manage our exposure to interest rate and currency movements. If we do not accurately forecast our results of operations, execute contracts that do not effectively mitigate our economic exposure to interest rates and currency rates, elect to not apply hedge accounting, or fail to comply with the complex accounting requirements for hedging, our results of operations and cash flows could be volatile, as well as negatively impacted. Also, our hedging objectives may be targeted at improving our non-GAAP financial metrics, which could result in increased volatility in our GAAP results. Since some of our hedging activity addresses long-term exposures, such as our net investment in our subsidiaries, the gains or losses on those hedges could be recognized before the offsetting exposure materializes to offset them, potentially causing volatility in our cash or debt balances, and therefore our leverage.
We may be treated as a passive foreign investment company for United States tax purposes, which may subject United States shareholders to adverse tax consequences.
If our passive income, or our assets that produce passive income, exceed levels provided by law for any taxable year, we may be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes. If we are treated as a PFIC, U.S. holders of our ordinary shares would be subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with respect to the distributions they receive and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their ordinary shares.
We believe that we were not a PFIC for the tax year ended June 30, 2023 and we expect that we will not become a PFIC in the foreseeable future. However, whether we are treated as a PFIC depends on questions of fact as to our assets and revenues that can only be determined at the end of each tax year. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will not be treated as a PFIC in future years.
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If a United States shareholder owns 10% or more of our ordinary shares, it may be subject to increased United States taxation under the "controlled foreign corporation" rules. Additionally, this may negatively impact the demand for our ordinary shares.
If a United States shareholder owns 10% or more of our ordinary shares, it may be subject to increased United States federal income taxation (and possibly state income taxation) under the "controlled foreign corporation" rules. In general, if a U.S. person owns (or is deemed to own) at least 10% of the voting power or value of a non-U.S. corporation, or "10% U.S. Shareholder," and if such non-U.S. corporation is a "controlled foreign corporation," or "CFC," then such 10% U.S. Shareholder who owns (or is deemed to own) shares in the CFC on the last day of the CFC's taxable year must include in its gross income for United States federal income tax (and possibly state income tax) purposes its pro rata share of the CFC's "subpart F income," even if the subpart F income is not distributed. In addition, a 10% U.S. Shareholder's pro rata share of other income of a CFC, even if not distributed, might also need to be included in a 10% U.S. Shareholder’s gross income for United States federal income tax (and possibly state income tax) purposes under the "global intangible low-taxed income," or "GILTI," provisions of the U.S. tax law. In general, a non-U.S. corporation is considered a CFC if one or more 10% U.S. Shareholders together own more than 50% of the voting power or value of the corporation on any day during the taxable year of the corporation. "Subpart F income" consists of, among other things, certain types of dividends, interest, rents, royalties, gains, and certain types of income from services, and personal property sales.
The rules for determining ownership for purposes of determining 10% U.S. Shareholder and CFC status are complicated, depend on the particular facts relating to each investor, and are not necessarily the same as the rules for determining beneficial ownership for SEC reporting purposes. For taxable years in which we are a CFC, each of our 10% U.S. Shareholders will be required to include in its gross income for United States federal income tax (and possibly state income tax) purposes its pro rata share of our "subpart F income," even if the subpart F income is not distributed by us, and might also be required to include its pro rata share of other income of ours, even if not distributed by us, under the GILTI provisions of the U.S. tax law. We currently do not believe we are a CFC. However, whether we are treated as a CFC can be affected by, among other things, facts as to our share ownership that may change. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will not be treated as a CFC in future years.
The risk of being subject to increased taxation as a CFC may deter our current shareholders from acquiring additional ordinary shares or new shareholders from establishing a position in our ordinary shares. Either of these scenarios could impact the demand for, and value of, our ordinary shares.
The ownership of our ordinary shares is highly concentrated, which could cause or exacerbate volatility in our share price.
More than 70% of our ordinary shares are held by our top 10 shareholders, and we may repurchase shares in the future (subject to the restrictions in our debt documents), which could further increase the concentration of our share ownership. Because of this reduced liquidity, the trading of relatively small quantities of shares by our shareholders could disproportionately influence the price of those shares in either direction. The price for our shares could, for example, decline precipitously if a large number of our ordinary shares were sold on the market without commensurate demand, as compared to a company with greater trading liquidity that could better absorb those sales without adverse impact on its share price.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 2. Properties
We own real property, including the following manufacturing operations that provide support across our businesses:
•A 582,000 square foot facility located near Windsor, Ontario, Canada that primarily services our Vista business.
•A 492,000 square foot facility located in Shelbyville, Tennessee, USA, that primarily services our National Pen business.
•A 362,000 square foot facility located in Venlo, the Netherlands that primarily services our Vista business.
•A 130,000 square foot facility located in Kisarazu, Japan that formerly serviced our Vista and National Pen businesses in the Japanese market.
◦As of June 30, 2023, this facility is classified as held for sale. Refer to Item 8 of Part II, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 18 - Restructuring Charges" for additional details.
•A 124,000 square foot facility located in Deer Park, Australia that primarily services our Vista business.
•A 97,000 square foot facility located near Montpellier, France that primarily services The Print Group businesses.
As of June 30, 2023, a summary of our currently occupied leased spaces is as follows:

Business Segment (1) |  | Square Feet |  | Type |  | Lease Expirations
Vista |  | 431,086 |  |  | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing, and administrative |  | July 2023 - May 2027
PrintBrothers |  | 320,020 |  |  | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing, and administrative |  | September 2023 - September 2031
The Print Group |  | 426,953 |  |  | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing, and administrative |  | November 2023 - March 2037
National Pen |  | 681,085 |  |  | Marketing, customer service, manufacturing, and administrative |  | July 2023 - December 2037
All Other Businesses |  | 586,917 |  |  | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing, and administrative |  | March 2024 - February 2030

___________________
(1) Many of our leased properties are utilized by multiple business segments, but each have been assigned to the segment that occupies the majority of our leased space.
We believe that the total space available to us in the facilities we own or lease, and space that is obtainable by us on commercially reasonable terms, will meet our needs for the foreseeable future.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 17 — Commitments and Contingencies,” in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Report.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The ordinary shares of Cimpress plc are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (the "NASDAQ") under the symbol “CMPR.” As of July 31, 2023, there were five holders of record of our ordinary shares, although there is a much larger number of beneficial owners.
Dividends and Repurchases
We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our ordinary shares, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We did not repurchase any of our ordinary shares during the year ended June 30, 2023.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return to shareholders of Cimpress plc ordinary shares relative to the cumulative total returns of the NASDAQ Composite index and the Research Data Group (RDG) Internet Composite index. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in our ordinary shares and in each of the indexes on June 30, 2018 and the relative performance of each investment is tracked through June 30, 2023.
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
Among Cimpress plc, the NASDAQ Composite Index
and the RDG Internet Composite Index

| 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
Cimpress plc | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 62.70 |  |  | $ | 52.66 |  |  | $ | 74.79 |  |  | $ | 26.83 |  |  | $ | 41.03 |
NASDAQ Composite | 100.00 |  |  | 107.78 |  |  | 136.82 |  |  | 198.71 |  |  | 152.16 |  |  | 191.93 |
RDG Internet Composite | 100.00 |  |  | 101.46 |  |  | 138.28 |  |  | 180.18 |  |  | 113.92 |  |  | 126.17 |

The share price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future share price performance.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Not applicable.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The statements contained in this Report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including but not limited to our statements about the anticipated growth and development of our businesses and financial results, including profitability, cash flows, liquidity, and net leverage; the expected effects of our cost reductions and recent restructuring, including future cost savings; our competitive position and the size of our market; sufficiency of our liquidity position; legal proceedings; and sufficiency of our tax reserves. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “may,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “designed,” “potential,” “continue,” “target,” “seek” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this Report are based on information available to us up to, and including the date of this document, and we disclaim any obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including but not limited to flaws in the assumptions and judgments upon which our forecasts and estimates are based; the development, severity, and duration of supply chain constraints, inflation, and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; our inability to make the investments in our business that we plan to make or the failure of those investments to achieve the results we expect; our failure to execute on the transformation of the Vista business; loss of key personnel or our inability to recruit talented personnel to drive performance of our businesses; costs and disruptions caused by acquisitions and minority investments; the failure of businesses we acquire or invest in to perform as expected; our failure to develop and deploy our mass customization platform or the failure of the platform to drive the efficiencies and competitive advantages we expect; unanticipated changes in our markets, customers, or businesses; changes in the laws and regulations, or in the interpretation of laws and regulations, that affect our businesses; our failure to manage the growth and complexity of our business and expand our operations; our failure to maintain compliance with the covenants in our debt documents or to pay our debts when due; competitive pressures; general economic conditions, including the possibility of an economic downturn in some or all of our markets; and other factors described in this Report and the documents that we periodically file with the SEC. The Business section of this Report also contains estimates and other statistical data from research we conducted in August 2022 with a third-party research firm, and this data involves a number of assumptions and limitations and contains projections and estimates of the sizes of the opportunities of our markets that are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and should not be given undue weight.
Executive Overview
Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than ten businesses that specialize in mass customization of printing and related products, via which we deliver large volumes of individually small-sized customized orders. Our products and services include a broad range of marketing materials, business cards, signage, promotional products, logo apparel, packaging, books and magazines, wall decor, photo merchandise, invitations and announcements, design and digital marketing services, and other categories. Mass customization is a core element of the business model of each Cimpress business and is a competitive strategy which seeks to produce goods and services to meet individual customer needs with near mass production efficiency. We discuss mass customization further in the Business section of this Report.
As of June 30, 2023, we have numerous operating segments under our management reporting structure that are reported in the following five reportable segments: Vista, PrintBrothers, The Print Group, National Pen, and All Other Businesses. Refer to Note 15 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information relating to our reportable segments and our segment financial measures.
We announced plans on March 23, 2023 to reduce costs within our Vista business and our central teams and implement organizational changes to support expanded profitability, reduced leverage and increased speed, focus, and accountability. These plans resulted in a restructuring charge of $30.2 million during fiscal year 2023. Excluding this restructuring charge, this restructuring action provided a cost savings benefit of approximately $24 million during the current fiscal year due to the timing of the action, and we expect this action to deliver approximately $100 million of annualized pre-tax cost savings in total.
Financial Summary
The primary financial metric by which we set quarterly and annual budgets both for individual businesses and Cimpress wide is our adjusted free cash flow before cash interest expense; however, in evaluating the financial condition and operating performance of our business, management considers a number of metrics including
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revenue growth, organic constant-currency revenue growth, operating income, adjusted EBITDA, cash flow from operations, and adjusted free cash flow. Reconciliations of our non-GAAP financial measures are included within the "Consolidated Results of Operations" and "Additional Non-GAAP Financial Measures" sections of Management's Discussion and Analysis. A summary of these key financial metrics for the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the year ended June 30, 2022 follows:
Fiscal Year 2023
•Revenue increased by 7% to $3,079.6 million.
•Constant-currency revenue increased 11% when excluding the revenue of acquired companies for the first twelve months after acquisition (a non-GAAP financial measure).
•Operating income increased by $10.0 million to $57.3 million.
•Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure) increased by $58.8 million to $339.8 million.
•Diluted net loss per share attributable to Cimpress plc increased to $7.08 from $2.08 in the prior fiscal year.
•Cash provided by operating activities decreased by $89.2 million to $130.3 million.
•Adjusted free cash flow (a non-GAAP financial measure) decreased by $81.5 million to $18.7 million.
For the year ended June 30, 2023, the increase in reported revenue was primarily due to growth across all businesses and markets through increased pricing and customer demand. Revenue growth in our Vista business was driven by increases in new customer count as well as new and repeat customer bookings across most major markets. Promotional products, apparel, and gifts (PPAG) was our fastest-growing product category, with business cards, marketing materials, packaging and labels, and signage all showing strong year-over-year growth; however, constant-currency revenue from consumer products has declined from the prior year. Pricing changes made during the past year across all reportable segments improved our revenue on a year-over-year basis, as these actions were one tool we used to mitigate inflationary cost pressures that have arisen from ongoing supply chain challenges. Currency exchange fluctuations had a negative effect on revenue growth during the current fiscal year.
The increase to operating income during the year ended June 30, 2023 was driven by gross profit growth as we benefited from higher volumes and the reduced net impact of cost inflation including through improved pricing. We also realized cost efficiencies in advertising spend during the current year. These items were partially offset by an increase in restructuring charges of $30.2 million, primarily related to actions taken in March 2023 to reduce costs in the Vista business and in our central teams. These restructuring charges were offset in part by a partial year of savings from the related actions.
Adjusted EBITDA increased for the year ended June 30, 2023, primarily driven by the gross profit growth described above, as well the $13.7 million net benefit of currency on consolidated adjusted EBITDA year over year. Adjusted EBITDA excludes restructuring charges, share-based compensation expense, certain impairments, and non-cash gains on the sale of assets, and includes the realized gains or losses on our currency derivatives intended to hedge adjusted EBITDA.
Diluted net loss per share attributable to Cimpress plc increased for the year ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to an increase in income tax expense of $95.6 million, driven by our conclusion that Swiss deferred tax assets' recognition was no longer supported, which caused the recognition of a valuation allowance against these assets during the second quarter of the current fiscal year; higher interest expense driven by an increased weighted-average interest rate; and the effects of lower unrealized currency gains caused by exchange rate volatility. Partially offsetting these items was the increase to operating income as described above, as well as a $6.8 million gain on the repurchase of a portion of our senior unsecured notes during the fourth quarter of the current fiscal year. Refer to Note 10 of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details.
During the year ended June 30, 2023, cash from operations decreased $89.2 million year over year due primarily to $113.3 million of lower working capital inflows, which was largely influenced by the timing impacts of payables. In addition, the decrease was also driven by higher restructuring payments of $36.9 million, due to actions taken to reduce costs over the past year, as well as higher net cash interest payments of $7.6 million.
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Adjusted free cash flow decreased year over year by $81.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, due to the operating cash flow decrease described above, partially offset by lower capitalized software and capitalized expenditures.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Consolidated Revenue
Our businesses generate revenue primarily from the sale and shipment of customized products. We also generate revenue, to a much lesser extent (and primarily in our Vista business), from digital services, graphic design services, website design and hosting, and email marketing services, as well as a small percentage of revenue from order referral fees and other third-party offerings. For additional discussion relating to segment revenue results, refer to the "Reportable Segment Results" section included below.
Total revenue and revenue growth by reportable segment for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 are shown in the following table:

In thousands | Year Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Currency Impact: |  | Constant- Currency |  | Impact of Acquisitions/Divestitures: |  | Constant- Currency Revenue Growth
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | % Change |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Revenue Growth (1) |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Excluding Acquisitions/Divestitures (2)
Vista | $ | 1,613,887 |  |  | $ | 1,514,909 |  |  | 7% |  | 2% |  | 9% |  | —% |  | 9%
PrintBrothers | 578,431 |  |  | 526,952 |  |  | 10% |  | 8% |  | 18% |  | (1)% |  | 17%
The Print Group | 346,949 |  |  | 329,590 |  |  | 5% |  | 8% |  | 13% |  | —% |  | 13%
National Pen | 366,294 |  |  | 341,832 |  |  | 7% |  | 5% |  | 12% |  | —% |  | 12%
All Other Businesses | 213,455 |  |  | 205,862 |  |  | 4% |  | —% |  | 4% |  | —% |  | 4%
Inter-segment eliminations | (39,389) |  |  | (31,590) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 3,079,627 |  |  | $ | 2,887,555 |  |  | 7% |  | 4% |  | 11% |  | —% |  | 11%

In thousands | Year Ended June 30, |  |  |  | Currency Impact: |  | Constant- Currency |  | Impact of Acquisitions/Divestitures: |  | Constant- Currency Revenue Growth
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | % Change |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Revenue Growth (1) |  | (Favorable)/Unfavorable |  | Excluding Acquisitions/Divestitures (2)
Vista | $ | 1,514,909 |  |  | $ | 1,428,255 |  |  | 6% |  | 1% |  | 7% |  | (2)% |  | 5%
PrintBrothers | 526,952 |  |  | 421,766 |  |  | 25% |  | 8% |  | 33% |  | (1)% |  | 32%
The Print Group | 329,590 |  |  | 275,534 |  |  | 20% |  | 7% |  | 27% |  | —% |  | 27%
National Pen | 341,832 |  |  | 313,528 |  |  | 9% |  | 2% |  | 11% |  | —% |  | 11%
All Other Businesses | 205,862 |  |  | 192,038 |  |  | 7% |  | —% |  | 7% |  | (4)% |  | 3%
Inter-segment eliminations | (31,590) |  |  | (55,160) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 2,887,555 |  |  | $ | 2,575,961 |  |  | 12% |  | 3% |  | 15% |  | (2)% |  | 13%

_________________
(1) Constant-currency revenue growth, a non-GAAP financial measure, represents the change in total revenue between current and prior year periods at constant-currency exchange rates by translating all non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue generated in the current period using the prior year period’s average exchange rate for each currency to the U.S. dollar. Our reportable segments-related growth is inclusive of inter-segment revenues, which are eliminated in our consolidated results.
(2) Constant-currency revenue growth excluding acquisitions/divestitures, a non-GAAP financial measure, excludes revenue results for businesses in the period in which there is no comparable year-over-year revenue. Our reportable segments-related growth is inclusive of inter-segment revenues, which are eliminated in our consolidated results.
We have provided these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they provide meaningful information regarding our results on a consistent and comparable basis for the periods presented. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to evaluate our operating results. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered supplemental to and not a substitute for our reported financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
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Consolidated Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes materials used by our businesses to manufacture their products, payroll and related expenses for production and design services personnel, depreciation of assets used in the production process and in support of digital marketing service offerings, shipping, handling and processing costs, third-party production and design costs, costs of free products, and other related costs of products our businesses sell.

In thousands |  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,640,625 |  |  | $ | 1,492,726 |  |  | $ | 1,299,889 |
% of revenue |  |  |  |  | 53.3 | % |  | 51.7 | % |  | 50.5 | %

For the year ended June 30, 2023, cost of revenue increased by $147.9 million as compared to the prior year, primarily due to additional variable cost increases driven by the constant-currency revenue growth described above, as well as continued effects of global supply chain challenges that resulted in increased costs for product substrates like paper, production materials like aluminum plates, freight and shipping charges, and energy costs. Although input costs were higher year over year, we started to see some easing across many product substrates during the second half of the current fiscal year, and we began to pass the anniversary of input cost increases, so the year-over-year impact lessened.
Compensation costs were also higher due to the combination of a more competitive labor market and the inflationary environment in many jurisdictions where we operate. The compensation cost increases were partially offset by savings for a portion of the year that resulted from the March 2023 cost reduction actions.
Consolidated Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes our comparative operating expenses for the following periods:

In thousands |  |  |  | Year Ended June 30, |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
Technology and development expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 302,257 |  |  | $ | 292,845 |  |  | $ | 253,060 |  |  |
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.8 | % |  | 10.1 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  |
Marketing and selling expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 773,970 |  |  | $ | 789,241 |  |  | $ | 648,391 |  |  |
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25.1 | % |  | 27.3 | % |  | 25.2 | % |  |
General and administrative expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 209,246 |  |  | $ | 197,345 |  |  | $ | 195,652 |  |  |
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 6.8 | % |  | 7.6 | % |  |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,854 |  |  | $ | 54,497 |  |  | $ | 53,818 |  |  |
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | 1.9 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  |
Restructuring expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 43,757 |  |  | $ | 13,603 |  |  | $ | 1,641 |  |  |
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  |
Impairment of Goodwill (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,609 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  |

_____________________
(1) Refer to Note 8 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details relating to the amortization of acquired intangible assets.
(2) During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $5.6 million, which related to one of our small businesses that is a part of our All Other Businesses reportable segment. Refer to Note 8 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Technology and development expense
Technology and development expense consists primarily of payroll and related expenses for employees engaged in software and manufacturing engineering, information technology operations, and content development, as well as amortization of capitalized software and website development costs, including hosting of our websites, asset depreciation, patent amortization, and other technology infrastructure-related costs. Depreciation expense for information technology equipment that directly supports the delivery of our digital marketing services products is included in cost of revenue.
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Technology and development expenses increased by $9.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year. This increase is primarily driven by higher volume-related third-party technology costs due in part to increased customer demand. In addition, amortization expense from capitalized software increased $3.6 million, driven by the higher capitalized asset base, as well as other operating cost increases due to higher travel and training costs. These increases were partially offset by lower compensation costs year-over-year of $0.8 million, due to cost savings resulting from recent restructuring actions that reduced headcount, which more than offset increases from our inflation-adjusted annual merit cycle and market adjustments. We also benefited from lower building costs, driven by actions taken over the past year to further optimize our real estate footprint for many of our team members operating under a remote-first model.
Marketing and selling expense
Marketing and selling expense consists primarily of advertising and promotional costs; payroll and related expenses for our employees engaged in marketing, sales, customer support, and public relations activities; direct-mail advertising costs; and third-party payment processing fees. Our Vista, National Pen, and BuildASign businesses have higher marketing and selling costs as a percentage of revenue as compared to our PrintBrothers and The Print Group businesses due to differences in the customers that they serve.
For the year ended June 30, 2023, marketing and selling expenses decreased by $15.3 million as compared to the prior year. The decreased expense was due to lower compensation costs of $13.4 million due in part to recent cost reduction actions. Other cost decreases include lower third-party consulting spend, mainly in our Vista business, and less building costs driven by actions taken over the past year to further optimize our real estate footprint for many of our team members operating under a remote-first model. These cost decreases were partially offset by higher advertising spend of $9.3 million across Cimpress, including increases in mid- and upper-funnel spend, partially offset by lower performance advertising in Vista.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expense consists primarily of transaction costs, including third-party professional fees, insurance, and payroll and related expenses of employees involved in executive management, finance, legal, strategy, human resources, and procurement.
For the year ended June 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses increased by $11.9 million as compared to the prior year. Compensation costs increased year over year from higher headcount and the impacts of our inflation-adjusted annual merit cycle, partially offset by savings from recent cost reduction actions. Other cost increases included higher travel and training costs and consulting spend. We also recognized an additional $2.2 million of expense related to the termination of one of our leased office locations as we continue to optimize our office footprint with many of our team members operating under a remote-first model. This incremental expense was partially offset by lower building costs due to the termination. The increases were partially offset by lower share-based compensation expense due to forfeitures from our recent restructuring actions, as well as favorability due to different timing of expense from our granting of restricted share units, or RSUs, and share options for most employees during the current year, as compared to performance share units, or PSUs, in prior years.
Restructuring expense
Restructuring costs include employee termination benefits, acceleration of share-based compensation, write-off of assets, costs to exit loss-making operations, and other related costs including third-party professional and outplacement services. All restructuring costs are excluded from segment and adjusted EBITDA.
For the year ended June 30, 2023, restructuring expenses increased by $30.2 million as compared to the prior year. This increase is largely driven by $30.2 million of costs related to the previously described action taken in our Vista business and central teams during March 2023 that were intended to reduce costs and support expanded profitability, reduced leverage, and increased speed, focus, and accountability. The remaining increase relates to other actions announced in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022 to prioritize our investments and exit the Japanese and Chinese markets. Refer to Note 18 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Other Consolidated Results
Other income, net
Other income, net generally consists of gains and losses from currency exchange rate fluctuations on
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transactions or balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our subsidiaries, as well as the realized and unrealized gains and losses on some of our derivative instruments. In evaluating our currency hedging programs and ability to qualify for hedge accounting in light of our legal entity cash flows, we considered the benefits of hedge accounting relative to the additional economic cost of trade execution and administrative burden. Based on this analysis, we execute certain currency derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting.
The following table summarizes the components of other income (expense), net:

In thousands |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,311 |  |  | $ | 58,148 |  |  | $ | (20,728) |
Currency-related gains, net |  |  |  |  | 16,350 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 1,005 |
Other (losses) gains |  |  |  |  | (1,163) |  |  | 3,071 |  |  | 370 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,498 |  |  | $ | 61,463 |  |  | $ | (19,353) |

The decrease in other income (expense), net was primarily due to the currency exchange rate volatility impacting our derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments, of which our Euro and British Pound contracts are the most significant exposures that we economically hedge. We expect volatility to continue in future periods, as we do not apply hedge accounting for most of our derivative currency contracts.
We experienced currency-related net gains due to currency exchange rate volatility on our non-functional currency intercompany relationships, which we may alter from time to time. The impact of certain cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges is included in our currency-related gains, net, offsetting the impact of certain non-functional currency intercompany relationships.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net primarily consists of interest paid on outstanding debt balances, amortization of debt issuance costs, debt discounts, interest related to finance lease obligations, accretion adjustments related to our mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests, and realized gains (losses) on effective interest rate swap contracts and certain cross-currency swap contracts.
Interest expense, net increased by $13.4 million during the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year, primarily due to a higher weighted-average interest rate (net of interest rate swaps) and partially offset by an increase in interest income earned on our cash and marketable securities of $7.7 million. In addition, we recognized expense related to accretion adjustments of $2.3 million during the year ended June 30, 2023 for our mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests, which did not occur in the prior year.
Income tax expense

In thousands |  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 155,493 |  |  | $ | 59,901 |  |  | $ | 18,903 |
Effective tax rate |  |  |  |  | (514.5) | % |  | 642.0 | % |  | (29.7) | %

Income tax expense increased for the year ended June 30, 2023 versus the prior comparable period primarily due to recording a full valuation allowance during the year ended June 30, 2023 of $116.7 million on Swiss deferred tax assets related to Swiss Tax Reform benefits recognized in fiscal year 2020 and tax loss carryforwards, partially offset by a partial valuation allowance on Swiss deferred tax assets of $29.6 million recorded during the year ended June 30, 2022. Management concluded in the second quarter of this fiscal year that based on current period results at that time, that objective and verifiable negative evidence of recent losses in Switzerland outweighed more subjective positive evidence of anticipated future income.
We believe that our income tax reserves are adequately maintained by taking into consideration both the technical merits of our tax return positions and ongoing developments in our income tax audits. However, the final determination of our tax return positions, if audited, is uncertain, and therefore there is a possibility that final
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resolution of these matters could have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 13 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.
Reportable Segment Results
Our segment financial performance is measured based on segment EBITDA, which is defined as operating income plus depreciation and amortization; plus proceeds from insurance; plus share-based compensation expense related to investment consideration; plus earn-out related charges; plus certain impairments; plus restructuring related charges; less gain on purchase or sale of subsidiaries. The effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations impact segment EBITDA and we do not allocate to segment EBITDA any gains or losses that are realized by our currency hedging program.
Vista

In thousands |  |  |  |  | Year Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2023 vs. 2022 |  | 2022 vs. 2021
Reported Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,613,887 |  |  | $ | 1,514,909 |  |  | $ | 1,428,255 |  |  | 7% |  | 6%
Segment EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  | 224,081 |  |  | 195,321 |  |  | 318,684 |  |  | 15% |  | (39)%
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |

Segment Revenue
Vista's reported revenue growth for the year ended June 30, 2023 was negatively affected by a currency impact of 2%, and organic constant-currency revenue growth was 9%. Constant-currency revenue growth was driven by new customer count and new customer bookings growth across all major markets, as well as increased repeat customer bookings and higher average order values. From a product perspective, the strongest growth was in the promotional products, apparel, and gifts (PPAG) category, as well as business cards, marketing materials, packaging, and signage. Revenue from consumer oriented products that include holiday cards, invitations, and announcements declined, particularly in the U.S. market, which had a more pronounced impact during our seasonally significant second quarter. For the year ended June 30, 2023, revenue growth described above was partially offset by a decline in face mask sales of $10.3 million as well as lower revenue year over year of $7.2 million due to our exit from the Japanese market.
Segment Profitability
For the year ended June 30, 2023, segment EBITDA increased by $28.8 million, due in part to gross profit growth as a result of the revenue growth described above. Cost inflation had a negative impact on gross profit year over year, but the impacts were more pronounced during the first half of fiscal year 2023, as input costs have started to stabilize and further price increases have been implemented throughout the current fiscal year. Product mix weighed on Vista's gross margins during the current fiscal year, since the fastest growth was in product categories like PPAG that have lower gross margins despite higher average order values. Vista's advertising expense decreased by $1.1 million year over year, driven by reductions to performance advertising spend during the second half of the fiscal year, which were offset in part by higher mid- and upper funnel advertising spend, mainly during the first half of fiscal year 2023. Operating expenses also decreased $13.8 million, largely due to a partial year of cost savings of approximately $20.0 million that resulted from cost reduction actions implemented in March 2023. Changes in currency exchange rates had a negative impact year over year.
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PrintBrothers

In thousands |  |  |  |  | Year Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2023 vs. 2022 |  | 2022 vs. 2021
Reported Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 578,431 |  |  | $ | 526,952 |  |  | $ | 421,766 |  |  | 10% |  | 25%
Segment EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  | 70,866 |  |  | 66,774 |  |  | 43,144 |  |  | 6% |  | 55%
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 10 | % |  |  |  |

Segment Revenue
PrintBrothers' reported revenue growth for the year ended June 30, 2023 was negatively affected by currency impacts of 8%. When excluding the benefit from a small recent acquisition, organic constant-currency revenue growth was 17%. This strong performance was driven by growth in order volumes and price increases implemented to address inflationary cost increases.
Segment Profitability
Despite a challenging supply chain and inflationary environment, PrintBrothers' segment EBITDA for the year ended June 30, 2023 grew year over year, driven by the constant-currency revenue growth described above, as well as profit contribution from a business acquired in the last twelve months. Currency exchange fluctuations negatively impacted segment EBITDA year over year by $3.8 million. We continue to focus on key areas within these businesses to exploit scale advantages and improve their cost competitiveness. These businesses also continue to adopt technologies that are part of our mass customization platform, which we believe will further improve customer value and the efficiency of each business over the long term.
The Print Group

In thousands |  |  |  |  | Year Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2023 vs. 2022 |  | 2022 vs. 2021
Reported Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 346,949 |  |  | $ | 329,590 |  |  | $ | 275,534 |  |  | 5% |  | 20%
Segment EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60,089 |  |  | 58,664 |  |  | 43,126 |  |  | 2% |  | 36%
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 | % |  | 18 | % |  | 16 | % |  |  |  |

Segment Revenue
The Print Group's reported revenue for the year ended June 30, 2023 was negatively affected by a currency impact of 8%, resulting in an increase to revenue on a constant-currency basis of 13%. Constant-currency revenue growth was largely driven by price increases that have been implemented over the past year to address inflationary cost increases, as well as volume growth and increased order fulfillment for other Cimpress businesses.
Segment Profitability
The increase in The Print Group's segment EBITDA during the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year was largely due to the revenue growth described above, despite higher input costs that are impacted by supply chain disruptions and higher shipping and energy costs, which had a larger impact during the first half of fiscal year 2023. Currency exchange fluctuations negatively impacted segment EBITDA year over year by $3.9 million.
National Pen

In thousands |  |  |  |  | Year Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2023 vs. 2022 |  | 2022 vs. 2021
Reported Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 366,294 |  |  | $ | 341,832 |  |  | $ | 313,528 |  |  | 7% |  | 9%
Segment EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23,714 |  |  | 26,845 |  |  | 11,644 |  |  | (12)% |  | 131%
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 | % |  | 8 | % |  | 4 | % |  |  |  |

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Segment Revenue
For the year ended June 30, 2023, National Pen's revenue growth was negatively affected by currency impacts of 5%, resulting in constant-currency revenue growth of 12%. Constant-currency revenue growth was driven by price increases that have been implemented over the past year to address inflationary cost increases, as well as volume growth in new product categories that include bags and drinkware. Year-over-year revenue growth was negatively impacted by our exit from the Japanese market by approximately $11.7 million as well as the decline in face mask sales of approximately $9.2 million.
Segment Profitability
The decrease in National Pen's segment EBITDA for the year ended June 30, 2023 was driven by currency exchange fluctuations that negatively impacted segment EBITDA year over year by $8.1 million. Excluding the effect of currency, segment EBITDA grew, as a result of contribution profit growth that was due to the revenue growth described above. During the current fiscal year, duplicative costs from the migration of European manufacturing from Ireland to the Czech Republic lessened contribution profit growth versus the prior year. Additionally, operating expenses increased year over year due to higher tech spend and customer service costs driven by higher sales volumes, which partially offset the contribution profit growth described above.
All Other Businesses

In thousands |  |  |  |  | Year Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2023 vs. 2022 |  | 2022 vs. 2021
Reported Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 213,455 |  |  | $ | 205,862 |  |  | $ | 192,038 |  |  | 4% |  | 7%
Segment EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,215 |  |  | 23,227 |  |  | 31,707 |  |  | 9% |  | (27)%
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 17 | % |  |  |  |

This segment includes BuildASign, which is a larger and profitable business, and Printi, an early-stage business that we have managed at a relatively modest operating loss as previously described and planned. This segment also included results from our YSD business in China that was divested during the third quarter of fiscal year 2023.
Segment Revenue
All Other Businesses' constant-currency revenue growth was 4% during the year ended June 30, 2023. BuildASign generates the majority of revenue in this segment, and grew year over year with mixed performance by product line. Printi delivered strong revenue growth across product lines and channels supported by price increases implemented over the past year.
Segment Profitability
The increase in segment EBITDA for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the prior year, was primarily due to the recent divestiture of our small, loss making business in China (YSD), which we completed during the third quarter of fiscal year 2023. Segment EBITDA for our BuildASign business declined due to lower gross margins driven by higher input costs, including increased labor and marketing costs, which had a larger impact on BuildASign's home decor products.
Central and Corporate Costs
Central and corporate costs consist primarily of the team of software engineers that is building our mass customization platform; shared service organizations such as global procurement; technology services such as security; administrative costs of our Cimpress India offices where numerous Cimpress businesses have dedicated business-specific team members; and corporate functions including our tax, treasury, internal audit, legal, sustainability, corporate communications, remote first enablement, consolidated reporting and compliance, investor relations, and the functions of our CEO and CFO. These costs also include certain unallocated share-based compensation costs.
Central and corporate costs decreased by $10.4 million during the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year, driven by favorability from unallocated share-based compensation due to changes in the mix of
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equity instruments granted and forfeitures from recent cost reduction actions. In addition, compensation costs decreased due to savings from recent cost reduction actions, which more than offset the effect of our inflation-adjusted annual merit cycle and higher volume-related technology costs.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data

In thousands |  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  | $ | 130,289 |  |  | $ | 219,536 |  |  | $ | 265,221 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  |  |  | (103,725) |  |  | (3,997) |  |  | (354,316) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  |  |  | (177,106) |  |  | (106,572) |  |  | 224,128 |

The cash flows during the year ended June 30, 2023 related primarily to the following items:
Cash inflows:
•Adjustments for non-cash items of $353.9 million primarily related to adjustments for depreciation and amortization of $162.4 million, deferred taxes of $114.9 million, share-based compensation costs of $42.1 million, and unrealized currency-related losses of $22.4 million
•Proceeds from the maturity of held-to-maturity securities of $8.1 million, net of purchases
Cash outflows:
•Net loss of $185.7 million
•Exercise of PrintBrothers and BuildASign minority equity interest holders' put options for $95.6 million; refer to Note 14 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details
•Internal and external costs of $57.8 million for software and website development that we have capitalized
•Capital expenditures of $53.8 million, of which the majority related to the purchase of manufacturing and automation equipment for our production facilities
•Repurchases of a portion of our 7.0% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes") of $45.0 million. Refer to Note 10 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details.
•Total outflow from net working capital of $37.9 million, primarily due to timing impacts from unfavorable changes to accounts payable and accrued expenses.
•Repayments of debt, net of proceeds from borrowings, of $13.0 million
•Payments for finance lease arrangements of $8.3 million
•$6.9 million for the payment of purchase consideration included in the Depositphotos acquisition's fair value
•Payment of withholding taxes in connection with share awards of $4.4 million
•$3.7 million of distributions to noncontrolling interest holders
Additional Liquidity and Capital Resources Information. At June 30, 2023, we had $130.3 million of cash and cash equivalents, $43.0 million of marketable securities, and $1,654.0 million of debt, excluding debt issuance costs and debt premiums and discounts. During the year ended June 30, 2023, we financed our operations and strategic investments through internally generated cash flows from operations and cash on hand. We expect to finance our future operations through our cash, investments, operating cash flow, and borrowings under our debt arrangements.
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In light of our recently implemented cost savings measures and our expectation of continued profitability expansion and cash flow generation, we expect our liquidity to increase in fiscal year 2024. We have historically used excess cash and cash equivalents for organic investments, share repurchases, acquisitions and equity investments, and debt reduction. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, we allocated $45.0 million of capital toward the repurchase of a portion of our 2026 Notes. We expect to continue reducing our net leverage through fiscal year 2024. Beyond fiscal year 2024, we expect to have the flexibility to opportunistically deploy
capital that enhances our intrinsic value per share even while maintaining leverage similar to or below our pre-pandemic levels.
Indefinitely Reinvested Earnings. As of June 30, 2023, a portion of our cash and cash equivalents were held by our subsidiaries, and undistributed earnings of our subsidiaries that are considered to be indefinitely reinvested were $56.3 million. We do not intend to repatriate these funds as the cash and cash equivalent balances are generally used and available, without legal restrictions, to fund ordinary business operations and investments of the respective subsidiaries. If there is a change in the future, the repatriation of undistributed earnings from certain subsidiaries, in the form of dividends or otherwise, could have tax consequences that could result in material cash outflows.
Contractual Obligations
Contractual obligations at June 30, 2023 are as follows:

In thousands | Payments Due by Period
| Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | More than 5 years
Operating leases, net of subleases (1) | $ | 83,137 |  |  | $ | 22,907 |  |  | $ | 30,313 |  |  | $ | 12,927 |  |  | $ | 16,990 |
Purchase commitments | 222,860 |  |  | 140,527 |  |  | 56,375 |  |  | 14,958 |  |  | 11,000 |
2026 Notes and interest payments | 663,443 |  |  | 38,381 |  |  | 625,062 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Senior secured credit facility and interest payments (2) | 1,493,444 |  |  | 95,483 |  |  | 188,515 |  |  | 1,209,446 |  |  | — |
Other debt | 7,076 |  |  | 2,853 |  |  | 3,783 |  |  | 440 |  |  | — |
Finance leases, net of subleases (1) | 38,379 |  |  | 9,727 |  |  | 9,606 |  |  | 5,736 |  |  | 13,310 |
Total (3) | $ | 2,508,339 |  |  | $ | 309,878 |  |  | $ | 913,654 |  |  | $ | 1,243,507 |  |  | $ | 41,300 |

___________________
(1) Operating and finance lease payments above include only amounts which are fixed under lease agreements. Our leases may also incur variable expenses which are not reflected in the contractual obligations above.
(2) Senior secured credit facility and interest payments include the effects of interest rate swaps, whether they are expected to be payments or receipts of cash.
(3) We may be required to make cash outlays related to our uncertain tax positions. However, due to the uncertainty of the timing of future cash flows associated with our uncertain tax positions, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period of cash settlement, if any, with the respective taxing authorities. Accordingly, uncertain tax positions of $10.1 million as of June 30, 2023 have been excluded from the contractual obligations table above. See Note 13 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information on uncertain tax positions.
Operating Leases. We rent manufacturing facilities and office space under operating leases expiring on various dates through 2037. The terms of certain lease agreements require security deposits in the form of bank guarantees and letters of credit, with $1.5 million in the aggregate outstanding as of June 30, 2023.
Purchase Commitments. At June 30, 2023, we had unrecorded commitments under contract of $222.9 million. Purchase commitments consisted of third-party fulfillment and digital services of $100.3 million; third-party cloud services of $74.9 million; software of $13.7 million; advertising of $10.1 million; commitments for professional and consulting fees of $6.2 million; production and computer equipment purchases of $3.9 million, and other commitments of $13.8 million.
Senior Secured Credit Facility and Interest Payments. As of June 30, 2023, we have borrowings under our amended and restated senior secured credit agreement ("Restated Credit Agreement") of $1,098.6 million, consisting of the Term Loan B, which amortizes over the loan period, with a final maturity date of May 17, 2028. Our $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with a maturity date of May 17, 2026 (the “Revolving Credit Facility") under our Restated Credit Agreement has $244.2 million unused as of June 30, 2023. There are no drawn amounts on the Revolving Credit Facility, but our outstanding letters of credit reduce our unused balance. Our
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unused balance can be drawn at any time so long as we are in compliance with our debt covenants and if any loans made under the Revolving Credit Facility are outstanding on the last day of any fiscal quarter, then we are subject to a financial maintenance covenant that the First Lien Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Restated Credit Agreement) calculated as of the last day of such quarter shall not exceed 3.25 to 1.00. Any amounts drawn under the Revolving Credit Facility will be due on May 17, 2026. Interest payable included in the above table is based on the interest rate as of June 30, 2023 and assumes all LIBOR-based revolving loan amounts outstanding will not be paid until maturity but that the term loan amortization payments will be made according to our defined schedule. The LIBOR sunset occurred on June 30, 2023, and, under the terms of our Restated Credit Agreement, our benchmark rate transitioned to Term SOFR in July 2023.
2026 Notes and Interest Payments. Our $548.3 million 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 7.0% per annum and mature on June 15, 2026. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year.
Debt Covenants. The Restated Credit Agreement and the indenture that governs our 2026 Notes contain covenants that restrict or limit certain activities and transactions by Cimpress and our subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under our Restated Credit Agreement and the indenture governing our 2026 Notes. Refer to Note 10 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Other Debt. In addition, we have other debt which consists primarily of term loans acquired through our various acquisitions or used to fund certain capital investments. As of June 30, 2023, we had $7.1 million outstanding for those obligations that have repayments due on various dates through September 2027.
Finance Leases. We lease certain facilities, machinery, and plant equipment under finance lease agreements that expire at various dates through 2028. The aggregate carrying value of the leased equipment under finance leases included in property, plant and equipment, net in our consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2023 is $30.6 million, net of accumulated depreciation of $36.5 million. The present value of lease installments not yet due included in other current liabilities and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2023 amounts to $39.8 million.
Other Obligations. During fiscal year 2023, we made a $6.9 million deferred payment for our Depositphotos acquisition, and there were no outstanding acquisition-related deferred liabilities as of June 30, 2023.
Additional Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted free cash flow presented below, and constant-currency revenue growth and constant-currency revenue growth excluding acquisitions/divestitures presented in the consolidated results of operations section above, are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as GAAP operating income plus depreciation and amortization plus share-based compensation expense plus proceeds from insurance not already included in operating income plus earn-out related charges plus certain impairments plus restructuring related charges plus realized gains or losses on currency derivatives less the gain or loss on purchase or sale of subsidiaries as well as the disposal of assets.
Adjusted EBITDA is the primary profitability metric by which we measure our consolidated financial performance and is provided to enhance investors' understanding of our current operating results from the underlying and ongoing business for the same reasons it is used by management. For example, for acquisitions, we believe excluding the costs related to the purchase of a business (such as amortization of acquired intangible assets, contingent consideration, or impairment of goodwill) provides further insight into the performance of the underlying acquired business in addition to that provided by our GAAP operating income. As another example, as we do not apply hedge accounting for certain derivative contracts, we believe inclusion of realized gains and losses on these contracts that are intended to be matched against operational currency fluctuations provides further insight into our operating performance in addition to that provided by our GAAP operating income. We do not, nor do we suggest, that investors should consider such non-GAAP financial measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted free cash flow is the primary financial metric by which we set quarterly and annual budgets both for individual businesses and Cimpress-wide. Adjusted free cash flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property, plant and equipment, purchases of intangible assets not related to acquisitions,
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and capitalization of software and website development costs that are included in net cash used in investing activities, plus the payment of contingent consideration in excess of acquisition-date fair value and gains on proceeds from insurance that are included in net cash provided by operating activities, if any. We use this cash flow metric because we believe that this methodology can provide useful supplemental information to help investors better understand our ability to generate cash flow after considering certain investments required to maintain or grow our business, as well as eliminate the impact of certain cash flow items presented as operating cash flows that we do not believe reflect the cash flow generated by the underlying business.
Our adjusted free cash flow measure has limitations as it may omit certain components of the overall cash flow statement and does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. For example, adjusted free cash flow does not incorporate our cash payments to reduce the principal portion of our debt or cash payments for business acquisitions. Additionally, the mix of property, plant and equipment purchases that we choose to finance may change over time. We believe it is important to view our adjusted free cash flow measure only as a complement to our entire consolidated statement of cash flows.
The table below sets forth operating income and adjusted EBITDA for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

In thousands |  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
GAAP operating income |  |  |  |  | $ | 57,309 |  |  | $ | 47,298 |  |  | $ | 123,510 |
Exclude expense (benefit) impact of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 162,428 |  |  | 175,681 |  |  | 173,212 |
Proceeds from insurance |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 122 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 39,682 |  |  | 49,766 |  |  | 37,034 |
Certain impairments and other adjustments |  |  |  |  | 6,932 |  |  | (9,709) |  |  | 20,453 |
Restructuring-related charges |  |  |  |  | 43,757 |  |  | 13,603 |  |  | 1,641 |
Realized gains (losses) on currency derivatives not included in operating income (1) |  |  |  |  | 29,724 |  |  | 4,424 |  |  | (6,854) |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $ | 339,832 |  |  | $ | 281,063 |  |  | $ | 349,118 |

_________________
(1) These realized gains (losses) include only the impacts of certain currency derivative contracts that are intended to hedge our adjusted EBITDA exposure to foreign currencies for which we do not apply hedge accounting. See Note 4 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.
The table below sets forth net cash provided by operating activities and adjusted free cash flow for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

In thousands |  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  | $ | 130,289 |  |  | $ | 219,536 |  |  | $ | 265,221 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  | (53,772) |  |  | (54,040) |  |  | (38,524) |
Capitalization of software and website development costs |  |  |  |  | (57,787) |  |  | (65,297) |  |  | (60,937) |
Adjusted free cash flow |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,730 |  |  | $ | 100,199 |  |  | $ | 165,760 |

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). To apply these principles, we must make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In some instances, we reasonably could have used different accounting estimates and, in other instances, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable at the time under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We refer to accounting estimates and judgments of this type as critical accounting policies and estimates, which we discuss further below. This section should be read in conjunction with Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," of our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
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Revenue Recognition. We generate revenue primarily from the sale and shipment of customized manufactured products. To a much lesser extent (and only in our Vista business) we provide digital services, website design and hosting, and email marketing services, as well as a small percentage from order referral fees and other third-party offerings. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services.
Under the terms of most of our arrangements with our customers we provide satisfaction guarantees, which give our customers an option for a refund or reprint over a specified period of time if the customer is not fully satisfied. As such, we record a reserve for estimated sales returns and allowances as a reduction of revenue, based on historical experience or the specific identification of an event necessitating a reserve. Actual sales returns have historically not been significant.
We have elected to recognize shipping and handling activities that occur after transfer of control of the products as fulfillment activities and not as a separate performance obligation. Accordingly, we recognize revenue for our single performance obligation upon the transfer of control of the fulfilled orders, which generally occurs upon delivery to the shipping carrier. If revenue is recognized prior to completion of the shipping and handling activities, we accrue the costs of those activities. We do have some arrangements whereby the transfer of control, and thus revenue recognition, occurs upon delivery to the customer. If multiple products are ordered together, each product is considered a separate performance obligation, and the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of each performance obligation. We generally determine the standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to our customers.
Our products are customized for each individual customer with no alternative use except to be delivered to that specific customer; however, we do not have an enforceable right to payment prior to delivering the items to the customer based on the terms and conditions of our arrangements with customers, and therefore we recognize revenue at a point in time.
We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of our satisfaction of the related performance obligation. The satisfaction of performance obligations generally occur shortly after cash payment and we expect to recognize the majority of our deferred revenue balance as revenue within three months subsequent to June 30, 2023.
We periodically provide marketing materials and promotional offers to new customers and existing customers that are intended to improve customer retention. These incentive offers are generally available to all customers, and therefore do not represent a performance obligation as customers are not required to enter into a contractual commitment to receive the offer. These discounts are recognized as a reduction to the transaction price when used by the customer. Costs related to free products are included within cost of revenue and sample products are included within marketing and selling expense.
We have elected to apply the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense incremental direct costs as incurred, which primarily includes sales commissions, since our contract periods generally are less than one year and the related performance obligations are satisfied within a short period of time.
Share-Based Compensation. We measure share-based compensation costs at fair value, and recognize the expense over the period that the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. We recognize the impact of forfeitures as they occur.
Our performance share units, or PSUs, are estimated at fair value on the date of grant, which is fixed throughout the vesting period. The fair value is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. As the PSUs include both a service and market condition, the related expense is recognized using the accelerated expense attribution method over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. For PSUs that meet the service vesting condition, the expense recognized over the requisite service period will not be reversed if the market condition is not achieved. The compensation expense for these awards is estimated at fair value using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model and compensation costs are recorded only if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.
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Income Taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we calculate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our current tax expense, including assessing the risks associated with tax positions, together with assessing temporary and permanent differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and financial reporting purposes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when we expect temporary differences to reverse. We assess the ability to realize our deferred tax assets based upon the weight of available evidence both positive and negative. To the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, we establish a valuation allowance. Our estimates can vary due to the profitability mix of jurisdictions, foreign exchange movements, changes in tax law, regulations or accounting principles, as well as certain discrete items. In the event that actual results differ from our estimates or we adjust our estimates in the future, we may need to increase or decrease income tax expense, which could have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.
We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are in accordance with applicable tax laws. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit, new tax legislation, or the change of an estimate based on new information. To the extent that the final outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. Interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in the provision for income taxes.
Software and Website Development Costs. We capitalize eligible salaries and payroll-related costs of employees and third-party consultants who devote time to the development of our websites and internal-use computer software. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which is three years. Our judgment is required in evaluating whether a project provides new or additional functionality, determining the point at which various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, assessing the ongoing value and impairment of the capitalized costs, and determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. Historically we have not had any significant impairments of our capitalized software and website development costs.
Business Combinations. We recognize the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed cash flow valuations that use information and assumptions provided by management. The valuations are dependent upon a myriad of factors including historical financial results, forecasted revenue growth rates, estimated customer renewal rates, projected operating margins, royalty rates, and discount rates. We estimate the fair value of any contingent consideration at the time of the acquisition using all pertinent information known to us at the time to assess the probability of payment of contingent amounts or through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation model. We allocate any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill. The assumptions used in the valuations for our acquisitions may differ materially from actual results depending on performance of the acquired businesses and other factors. While we believe the assumptions used were appropriate, different assumptions in the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed could have a material impact on the timing and extent of impact on our statements of operations.
Goodwill is assigned to reporting units as of the date of the related acquisition. If goodwill is assigned to more than one reporting unit, we utilize a method that is consistent with the manner in which the amount of goodwill in a business combination is determined. Costs related to the acquisition of a business are expensed as incurred.
Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, and Other Definite Lived Long-Lived Assets. We evaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. We consider the timing of our most recent fair value assessment and associated headroom, the actual operating results as compared to the cash flow forecasts used in those fair value assessments, the current long-term forecasts for each reporting unit, and the general market and economic environment of each reporting unit. In addition to the specific factors mentioned above, we assess the following individual factors on an ongoing basis such as:
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• A significant adverse change in legal factors or the business climate;
• An adverse action or assessment by a regulator;
• Unanticipated competition;
• A loss of key personnel; and
• A more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of.
If the results of the qualitative analysis were to indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the quantitative test is required. Under the quantitative approach, we estimate the fair values of our reporting units using a discounted cash flow methodology and in certain circumstances a market-based approach. This analysis requires significant judgment and is based on our strategic plans and estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts. Our annual analysis also requires significant judgment including the identification and aggregation of reporting units, as well as the determination of our discount rate and perpetual growth rate assumptions. We are required to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. For the year ended June 30, 2023, we recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $5,609. The charge is a partial impairment of the goodwill for one of our small reporting units within our All Other Businesses reportable segment. There were no impairments identified for any other reporting units.
We are required to evaluate the estimated useful lives and recoverability of definite lived long-lived assets (for example, customer relationships, developed technology, property, and equipment) on an ongoing basis when indicators of impairment are present. For purposes of the recoverability test, long-lived assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The test for recoverability compares the undiscounted future cash flows of the long-lived asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying values of the long-lived asset group exceed the undiscounted future cash flows, the assets are considered to be potentially impaired. The next step in the impairment measurement process is to determine the fair value of the individual net assets within the long-lived asset group. If the aggregate fair values of the individual net assets of the group are less than the carrying values, an impairment charge is recorded equal to the excess of the aggregate carrying value of the group over the aggregate fair value. The loss is allocated to each long-lived asset within the group based on their relative carrying values, with no asset reduced below its fair value. The identification and evaluation of a potential impairment requires judgment and is subject to change if events or circumstances pertaining to our business change. We evaluated our long-lived assets for impairment during the year ended June 30, 2023, and we recognized no impairments.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements."
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our cash, cash equivalents, and debt.
As of June 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents consisted of standard depository accounts, which are held for working capital purposes, money market funds, and marketable securities with an original maturity of less than 90 days. We do not believe we have a material exposure to interest rate fluctuations related to our cash and cash equivalents.
As of June 30, 2023, we had $1,098.6 million of variable-rate debt. As a result, we have exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates related to these obligations. In order to mitigate our exposure to interest rate changes related to our variable-rate debt, we execute interest rate swap contracts to fix the interest rate on a portion
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of our outstanding or forecasted long-term debt with varying maturities. As of June 30, 2023, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in rates, inclusive of the impact of our outstanding interest rate swaps that are accruing interest as of June 30, 2023, would result in a $8.7 million impact to interest expense over the next 12 months. This does not include any yield from cash and marketable securities.
Currency Exchange Rate Risk. We conduct business in multiple currencies through our worldwide operations but report our financial results in U.S. dollars. We manage these currency risks through normal operating activities and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. We have policies governing the use of derivative instruments and do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The use of derivatives is intended to reduce, but does not entirely eliminate, the impact of adverse currency exchange rate movements. A summary of our currency risk is as follows:
•Translation of our non-U.S. dollar revenues and expenses: Revenue and related expenses generated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar could result in higher or lower net loss when, upon consolidation, those transactions are translated to U.S. dollars. When the value or timing of revenue and expenses in a given currency are materially different, we may be exposed to significant impacts on our net loss and non-GAAP financial metrics, such as adjusted EBITDA.
Our currency hedging objectives are targeted at reducing volatility in our forecasted U.S. dollar-equivalent adjusted EBITDA in order to maintain stability on our incurrence-based debt covenants. Since adjusted EBITDA excludes non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization that are included in net loss, we may experience increased, not decreased, volatility in our GAAP results due to our hedging approach. Our most significant net currency exposures by volume are in the Euro and British Pound.
In addition, we elect to execute currency derivatives contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting. As a result, we may experience volatility in our consolidated statements of operations due to (i) the impact of unrealized gains and losses reported in other income (expense), net, on the mark-to-market of outstanding contracts and (ii) realized gains and losses recognized in other income (expense), net, whereas the offsetting economic gains and losses are reported in the line item of the underlying activity, for example, revenue.
•Translation of our non-U.S. dollar assets and liabilities: Each of our subsidiaries translates its assets and liabilities to U.S. dollars at current rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting gains and losses from translation are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheet. Fluctuations in exchange rates can materially impact the carrying value of our assets and liabilities. We have currency exposure arising from our net investments in foreign operations. We enter into currency derivatives to mitigate the impact of currency rate changes on certain net investments.
•Remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities: Transaction gains and losses generated from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are included in other income (expense), net, on the consolidated statements of operations. Certain of our subsidiaries hold intercompany loans denominated in a currency other than their functional currency. Due to the significance of these balances, the revaluation of intercompany loans can have a material impact on other income (expense), net. We expect these impacts may be volatile in the future, although our largest intercompany loans do not have a U.S. dollar cash impact for the consolidated group because they are either: 1) U.S. dollar loans or 2) we elect to hedge certain non-U.S. dollar loans with cross-currency swaps and forward contracts. A hypothetical 10% change in currency exchange rates was applied to total net monetary assets denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies at the balance sheet dates to compute the impact these changes would have had on our (loss) income before income taxes in the near term. The balances are inclusive of the notional value of any cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges. A hypothetical decrease in exchange rates of 10% against the functional currency of our subsidiaries would have resulted in a change of $8.4 million on our (loss) income before income taxes for the year ended June 30, 2023.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
CIMPRESS PLC
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 238) |  | 45
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 47
Consolidated Statements of Operations |  | 48
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss |  | 49
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit |  | 50
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 53
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 55

44

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Cimpress plc
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cimpress plc and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive loss, of shareholders' deficit and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that
45

controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Goodwill - Quantitative Impairment Assessment of the Exaprint Reporting Unit
As described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s goodwill balance was $782 million as of June 30, 2023, of which a portion relates to the Exaprint reporting unit ("the reporting unit"). Management performed a quantitative impairment assessment of the reporting unit as of the annual goodwill impairment test date of May 31. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the related carrying value and management concluded that no impairment existed. Management used the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow method, to derive the fair value of the reporting unit. This approach calculates fair value by estimating the after-tax cash flows attributable to the reporting unit and then discounting the after-tax cash flows to present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. The cash flow projections in the fair value analysis are considered Level 3 inputs, and consist of management's estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration historical results, as well as industry and market conditions. The discount rate used in the fair value analysis is based on a weighted average cost of capital.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill quantitative impairment assessment of the Exaprint reporting unit is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to the revenue growth rates, operating margins, and discount rate; and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for developing the fair value estimate of the reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow method; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the discounted cash flow method; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by management related to the revenue growth rates, operating margins, and discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to the revenue growth rates and operating margins involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the current and past performance of the reporting unit, the consistency with external market and industry data, and whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of (i) the appropriateness of the Company’s discounted cash flow method and (ii) the reasonableness of the discount rate significant assumption.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
August 4, 2023
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
46

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 130,313 |  |  | $ | 277,053 |
Marketable securities | 38,540 |  |  | 49,952 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $6,630 and $6,140, respectively | 67,353 |  |  | 63,885 |
Inventory | 107,835 |  |  | 126,728 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 96,986 |  |  | 108,697 |
Total current assets | 441,027 |  |  | 626,315 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 287,574 |  |  | 286,826 |
Operating lease assets, net | 76,776 |  |  | 80,694 |
Software and website development costs, net | 95,315 |  |  | 90,474 |
Deferred tax assets | 12,740 |  |  | 113,088 |
Goodwill | 781,541 |  |  | 766,600 |
Intangible assets, net | 109,196 |  |  | 154,730 |
Marketable securities, non-current | 4,497 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 46,193 |  |  | 48,945 |
Total assets | $ | 1,854,859 |  |  | $ | 2,167,672 |
Liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ deficit |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 285,784 |  |  | $ | 313,710 |
Accrued expenses | 257,109 |  |  | 253,841 |
Deferred revenue | 44,698 |  |  | 58,861 |
Short-term debt | 10,713 |  |  | 10,386 |
Operating lease liabilities, current | 22,559 |  |  | 27,706 |
Other current liabilities | 24,469 |  |  | 28,035 |
Total current liabilities | 645,332 |  |  | 692,539 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 47,351 |  |  | 41,142 |
Long-term debt | 1,627,243 |  |  | 1,675,562 |
Operating lease liabilities, non-current | 56,668 |  |  | 57,474 |
Other liabilities | 90,058 |  |  | 64,394 |
Total liabilities | 2,466,652 |  |  | 2,531,111 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17) |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 10,893 |  |  | 131,483 |
Shareholders’ deficit: |  |  |
Preferred shares, nominal value €0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Ordinary shares, nominal value €0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 44,315,855 and 44,083,569 shares issued, respectively; 26,344,608 and 26,112,322 shares outstanding, respectively | 615 |  |  | 615 |
Treasury shares, at cost, 17,971,247 shares for both periods presented | (1,363,550) |  |  | (1,363,550) |
Additional paid-in capital | 539,454 |  |  | 501,003 |
Retained earnings | 235,396 |  |  | 414,138 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (35,060) |  |  | (47,128) |
Total shareholders’ deficit attributable to Cimpress plc | (623,145) |  |  | (494,922) |
Noncontrolling interests (Note 14) | 459 |  |  | — |
Total shareholders' deficit | (622,686) |  |  | (494,922) |
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ deficit | $ | 1,854,859 |  |  | $ | 2,167,672 |

See accompanying notes.
47

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,079,627 |  |  | $ | 2,887,555 |  |  | $ | 2,575,961 |
Cost of revenue (1) |  |  |  |  | 1,640,625 |  |  | 1,492,726 |  |  | 1,299,889 |
Technology and development expense (1) |  |  |  |  | 302,257 |  |  | 292,845 |  |  | 253,060 |
Marketing and selling expense (1) |  |  |  |  | 773,970 |  |  | 789,241 |  |  | 648,391 |
General and administrative expense (1) |  |  |  |  | 209,246 |  |  | 197,345 |  |  | 195,652 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 46,854 |  |  | 54,497 |  |  | 53,818 |
Restructuring expense (1) |  |  |  |  | 43,757 |  |  | 13,603 |  |  | 1,641 |
Impairment of goodwill |  |  |  |  | 5,609 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  | 57,309 |  |  | 47,298 |  |  | 123,510 |
Other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  | 18,498 |  |  | 61,463 |  |  | (19,353) |
Interest expense, net |  |  |  |  | (112,793) |  |  | (99,430) |  |  | (119,368) |
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  | 6,764 |  |  | — |  |  | (48,343) |
(Loss) income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | (30,222) |  |  | 9,331 |  |  | (63,554) |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  | 155,493 |  |  | 59,901 |  |  | 18,903 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | (185,715) |  |  | (50,570) |  |  | (82,457) |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  | (263) |  |  | (3,761) |  |  | (2,772) |
Net loss attributable to Cimpress plc |  |  |  |  | $ | (185,978) |  |  | $ | (54,331) |  |  | $ | (85,229) |
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to Cimpress plc |  |  |  |  | $ | (7.08) |  |  | $ | (2.08) |  |  | $ | (3.28) |
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic and diluted |  |  |  |  | 26,252,860 |  |  | 26,094,842 |  |  | 25,996,572 |

____________________________________________
(1) Share-based compensation expense is allocated as follows:

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 538 |  |  | $ | 387 |
Technology and development expense |  |  |  |  | 13,002 |  |  | 13,582 |  |  | 9,063 |
Marketing and selling expense |  |  |  |  | 5,693 |  |  | 11,382 |  |  | 6,947 |
General and administrative expense |  |  |  |  | 20,513 |  |  | 24,264 |  |  | 20,637 |
Restructuring expense |  |  |  |  | 2,440 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

See accompanying notes.
48

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (185,715) |  |  | $ | (50,570) |  |  | $ | (82,457) |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gains (losses), net of hedges |  |  |  |  | 498 |  |  | (9,990) |  |  | 12,915 |
Net unrealized gains on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  | 9,991 |  |  | 2,813 |  |  | 10,336 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss for derivative instruments |  |  |  |  | (2,873) |  |  | 26,197 |  |  | (4,089) |
(Loss) gain on pension benefit obligation, net |  |  |  |  | (270) |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | (336) |
Comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  | (178,369) |  |  | (29,901) |  |  | (63,631) |
Add: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  | 4,459 |  |  | (76) |  |  | (4,404) |
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Cimpress plc |  |  |  |  | $ | (173,910) |  |  | $ | (29,977) |  |  | $ | (68,035) |

See accompanying notes.
49

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
(in thousands)

| Ordinary Shares |  | Deferred Ordinary Shares |  | Treasury Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Deficit
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 25 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | (18,195) |  |  | $ | (1,376,496) |  |  | $ | 438,616 |  |  | $ | 618,437 |  |  | $ | (88,676) |  |  | $ | (407,476) |
Issuance of ordinary shares due to share option exercises, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2,283) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,280) |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | 7,898 |  |  | (13,655) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,757) |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,226 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,226 |
Net loss attributable to Cimpress plc | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (85,229) |  |  | — |  |  | (85,229) |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest accretion to redemption value | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,049) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,049) |
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,247 |  |  | 6,247 |
Foreign currency translation, net of hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,283 |  |  | 11,283 |
Unrealized loss on pension benefit obligation, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (336) |  |  | (336) |
Balance at June 30, 2021 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 25 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | (18,045) |  |  | $ | (1,368,595) |  |  | $ | 459,904 |  |  | $ | 530,159 |  |  | $ | (71,482) |  |  | $ | (449,371) |

See accompanying notes.
50

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT (CONTINUED)
(in thousands)

| Ordinary Shares |  | Deferred Ordinary Shares |  | Treasury Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Deficit
Balance at June 30, 2021 | 44,080 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 25 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | (18,045) |  |  | $ | (1,368,595) |  |  | $ | 459,904 |  |  | $ | 530,159 |  |  | $ | (71,482) |  |  | $ | (449,371) |
Purchase and cancellation of deferred ordinary shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | (28) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28) |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | 5,045 |  |  | (8,315) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,270) |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,686 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,686 |
Net loss attributable to Cimpress plc | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (54,331) |  |  | — |  |  | (54,331) |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest accretion to redemption value | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (61,690) |  |  | — |  |  | (61,690) |
Decrease in noncontrolling interest due to share purchase | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (272) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (272) |
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,010 |  |  | 29,010 |
Foreign currency translation, net of hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,305) |  |  | (6,305) |
Unrealized gain on pension benefit obligation, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | 1,649 |
Balance at June 30, 2022 | 44,084 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (17,971) |  |  | $ | (1,363,550) |  |  | $ | 501,003 |  |  | $ | 414,138 |  |  | $ | (47,128) |  |  | $ | (494,922) |

See accompanying notes.
51

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT (CONTINUED)
(in thousands)

| Ordinary Shares |  | Deferred Ordinary Shares |  | Treasury Shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares Issued |  | Amount |  | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Shareholders’ Deficit
Balance at June 30, 2022 | 44,084 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (17,971) |  |  | $ | (1,363,550) |  |  | $ | 501,003 |  |  | $ | 414,138 |  |  | $ | (47,128) |  |  | $ | (494,922) |
Issuance of ordinary shares due to share option exercises, net of shares withheld for taxes | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 275 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 275 |
Restricted share units vested, net of shares withheld for taxes | 225 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,777) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,777) |
Share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,953 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,953 |
Net loss attributable to Cimpress plc | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (185,978) |  |  | — |  |  | (185,978) |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest accretion to redemption value | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,236 |
Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,118 |  |  | 7,118 |
Foreign currency translation, net of hedges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,220 |  |  | 5,220 |
Unrealized loss on pension benefit obligation, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (270) |  |  | (270) |
Balance at June 30, 2023 | 44,316 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | (17,971) |  |  | $ | (1,363,550) |  |  | $ | 539,454 |  |  | $ | 235,396 |  |  | $ | (35,060) |  |  | $ | (623,145) |

S ee accompanying notes.
52

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (185,715) |  |  | $ | (50,570) |  |  | $ | (82,457) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 162,428 |  |  | 175,681 |  |  | 173,212 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | 42,122 |  |  | 49,766 |  |  | 37,034 |
Impairment of goodwill |  |  |  |  | 5,609 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impairment of long-lived assets |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,882 |
Deferred taxes |  |  |  |  | 114,912 |  |  | 22,879 |  |  | (10,284) |
(Gain) loss on early extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  | (6,764) |  |  | — |  |  | 48,343 |
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in net loss |  |  |  |  | 34,393 |  |  | (40,408) |  |  | 17,323 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currency |  |  |  |  | (11,988) |  |  | 537 |  |  | 240 |
Other non-cash items |  |  |  |  | 13,235 |  |  | (13,704) |  |  | 7,041 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of businesses acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  |  |  | (4,243) |  |  | (18,119) |  |  | (11,474) |
Inventory |  |  |  |  | 11,352 |  |  | (44,089) |  |  | 16,382 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  |  |  | 1,768 |  |  | (5,989) |  |  | (2,606) |
Accounts payable |  |  |  |  | (28,872) |  |  | 109,977 |  |  | 29,367 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  |  |  | (17,948) |  |  | 33,575 |  |  | 23,218 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |  |  | 130,289 |  |  | 219,536 |  |  | 265,221 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  | (53,772) |  |  | (54,040) |  |  | (38,524) |
Proceeds from the sale of subsidiaries, net of transaction costs and cash divested |  |  |  |  | (4,130) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  |  |  |  | (498) |  |  | (75,258) |  |  | (53,410) |
Capitalization of software and website development costs |  |  |  |  | (57,787) |  |  | (65,297) |  |  | (60,937) |
Proceeds from the sale of assets |  |  |  |  | 4,659 |  |  | 37,771 |  |  | 5,696 |
Purchases of marketable securities |  |  |  |  | (84,030) |  |  | — |  |  | (203,581) |
Proceeds from maturity of held-to-maturity investments |  |  |  |  | 92,110 |  |  | 151,200 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from (payments for) the settlement of derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,244 |  |  | (3,291) |
Other investing activities |  |  |  |  | (277) |  |  | (617) |  |  | (269) |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  |  |  | (103,725) |  |  | (3,997) |  |  | (354,316) |
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings of debt |  |  |  |  | 48,264 |  |  | — |  |  | 665,682 |
Proceeds from Term Loan B |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,149,751 |
Payments of debt |  |  |  |  | (61,310) |  |  | (14,510) |  |  | (1,242,606) |
Payments for early redemption of 7% Senior Notes due 2026 |  |  |  |  | (44,994) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments for early redemption of 12% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (309,000) |
Payments of debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  | (51) |  |  | (1,444) |  |  | (11,963) |
Payments of purchase consideration included in acquisition-date fair value |  |  |  |  | (7,100) |  |  | (43,647) |  |  | (1,205) |
Payments of withholding taxes in connection with equity awards |  |  |  |  | (4,448) |  |  | (3,219) |  |  | (5,757) |
Payments of finance lease obligations |  |  |  |  | (8,290) |  |  | (37,512) |  |  | (8,000) |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  | (95,567) |  |  | (2,165) |  |  | (5,063) |
Proceeds (payments) from issuance of ordinary shares |  |  |  |  | 327 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,280) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  | (3,652) |  |  | (3,963) |  |  | (4,747) |
Other financing activities |  |  |  |  | (285) |  |  | (112) |  |  | (684) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  |  |  | (177,106) |  |  | (106,572) |  |  | 224,128 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  |  |  | 3,802 |  |  | (14,937) |  |  | 2,969 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  | (146,740) |  |  | 94,030 |  |  | 138,002 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  |  |  | 277,053 |  |  | 183,023 |  |  | 45,021 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  |  |  |  | $ | 130,313 |  |  | $ | 277,053 |  |  | $ | 183,023 |

See accompanying notes.
53

CIMPRESS PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(in thousands)

|  |  |  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  |  |  |  | $ | 113,952 |  |  | $ | 98,099 |  |  | $ | 116,977 |
Income taxes |  |  |  |  | 31,184 |  |  | 32,987 |  |  | 27,870 |
Cash received during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  |  |  |  | 11,451 |  |  | 3,230 |  |  | 1,940 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment acquired under finance leases |  |  |  |  | 20,303 |  |  | 7,033 |  |  | 6,996 |
Amounts accrued related to property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  | 9,403 |  |  | 12,810 |  |  | 4,462 |
Amounts accrued related to capitalized software development costs |  |  |  |  | 185 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 2,830 |
Amounts accrued related to business acquisitions |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 8,425 |  |  | 45,025 |

See accompanying notes.
54

CIMPRESS PLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
1. Description of the Business
Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than a dozen businesses that specialize in mass customization of printing and related products, via which we deliver large volumes of individually small-sized customized orders. Our products and services include a broad range of marketing materials, business cards, signage, promotional products, logo apparel, packaging, books and magazines, wall decor, photo merchandise, invitations and announcements, design and digital marketing services, and other categories. Mass customization is a core element of the business model of each Cimpress business and is a competitive strategy which seeks to produce goods and services to meet individual customer needs with near mass production efficiency.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cimpress plc, its wholly owned subsidiaries, entities in which we maintain a controlling financial interest, and those entities in which we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in entities in which we cannot exercise significant influence, and for which the related equity securities do not have a readily determinable fair value, are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets; otherwise the investments are recognized by applying equity method accounting. Our equity method investments are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We believe our most significant estimates are associated with the ongoing evaluation of the recoverability of our long-lived assets and goodwill, estimated useful lives of assets, share-based compensation, accounting for business combinations, and income taxes and related valuation allowances, among others. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be the equivalent of cash for the purpose of balance sheet and statement of cash flows presentation. Cash equivalents consist of depository accounts and money market funds. Cash and cash equivalents restricted for use were $558 and $537 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
For bank accounts that are overdrawn at the end of a reporting period, including any net negative balance in our notional cash pool, we reclassify these overdrafts to short-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. Book overdrafts that result from outstanding checks in excess of our bank balance are reclassified to other current liabilities. We did not have a bank or book overdraft for any of the periods presented.
Marketable Securities
We hold certain investments that are classified as held-to-maturity as we have the intent and ability to hold them to their maturity dates. Our policy is to invest in the following permitted classes of assets: overnight money market funds invested in U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. government agency securities, U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, bank time deposits, commercial paper, corporate notes and bonds, and medium term notes. We invest in securities with a remaining maturity of two years or less. As the investments are classified as held-to-maturity, they are recorded at amortized cost and interest income is recorded as it is earned within interest expense, net.
55

We will continue to assess our securities for impairment when the fair value is less than amortized cost to determine if any risk of credit loss exists. As our intent is to hold the securities to maturity, we must assess whether any credit losses related to our investments are recoverable and determine if it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. We did not record an allowance for credit losses and we recognized no impairments for these marketable securities during the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
The following is a summary of the net carrying amount, unrealized gains, unrealized losses, and fair value of held-to-maturity securities by type and contractual maturity as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

| June 30, 2023
| Amortized cost |  |  |  | Unrealized losses |  | Fair value
Due within one year or less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper | $ | 15,982 |  |  |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | 15,972 |
Corporate debt securities | 16,298 |  |  |  |  | (190) |  |  | 16,108 |
U.S. government securities | 6,260 |  |  |  |  | (69) |  |  | 6,191 |
Total due within one year or less | 38,540 |  |  |  |  | (269) |  |  | 38,271 |
Due between one and two years: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 1,498 |  |  |  |  | (35) |  |  | 1,463 |
U.S. government securities | 2,999 |  |  |  |  | (66) |  |  | 2,933 |
Total due between one and two years | 4,497 |  |  |  |  | (101) |  |  | 4,396 |
Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 43,037 |  |  |  |  | $ | (370) |  |  | $ | 42,667 |

| June 30, 2022
| Amortized cost |  | Unrealized losses |  |  |  | Fair value
Due within one year or less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | $ | 49,952 |  |  | $ | (546) |  |  |  |  | $ | 49,406 |
Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 49,952 |  |  | $ | (546) |  |  |  |  | $ | 49,406 |

Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable includes amounts due from customers. We offset gross trade accounts receivable with an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when the potential for recovery is no longer reasonably assured.
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of raw materials and are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method. Costs to produce products are included in cost of revenues as incurred.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions and improvements that substantially extend the useful life of a particular asset are capitalized while repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Assets that qualify for the capitalization of interest cost during their construction period are evaluated on a per project basis and, if material, the costs are capitalized. No interest costs associated with our construction projects were capitalized in any of the years presented as the amounts were not material. Depreciation of plant and equipment is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
Software and Website Development Costs
We capitalize eligible salaries and payroll-related costs of employees and third-party consultants who devote time to the development of websites and internal-use computer software. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the
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funding of the software project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally over a three year period. Costs associated with preliminary stage software development, repair, maintenance, or the development of website content are expensed as incurred.
Amortization of previously capitalized amounts in the years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $57,086, $54,646, and $47,560, respectively, resulting in accumulated amortization of $279,490, $273,629, and $231,482 at June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Intangible Assets
We capitalize the costs of purchasing patents from unrelated third parties and amortize these costs over the estimated useful life of the patent. The costs related to patent applications, pursuing others who we believe infringe on our patents, and defending against patent-infringement claims are expensed as incurred.
We record acquired intangible assets at fair value on the date of acquisition using the income approach to value the trade names, customer relationships, and customer network and a replacement cost approach to value developed technology and our print network. The income approach calculates fair value by discounting the forecasted after-tax cash flows back to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. The baseline data for this analysis is the cash flow estimates used to price the transaction. We amortize such assets using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the asset, unless another amortization method is deemed to be more appropriate. In estimating the useful life of the acquired assets, we reviewed the expected use of the assets acquired, factors that may limit the useful life of an acquired asset or may enable the extension of the useful life of an acquired asset without substantial cost, the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors, and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.
We evaluate the remaining useful life of intangible assets on a periodic basis to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining useful life. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, we amortize the remaining carrying value of the intangible asset prospectively over the revised remaining useful life.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets with a finite life are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable.
Business Combinations
We recognize the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. We assess the fair value of assets, including intangible assets, using a variety of methods and each asset is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant. The method used to estimate the fair values of intangible assets incorporates significant assumptions regarding the estimates a market participant would make in order to evaluate an asset, including a market participant’s use of the asset and the appropriate discount rates. Assets acquired that are determined to not have economic use for us are expensed immediately. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. Transaction costs and restructuring costs associated with a business combination are expensed as incurred.
The consideration for our acquisitions often includes future payments that are contingent upon the occurrence of a particular event. For acquisitions that qualify as business combinations, we record an obligation for such contingent payments at fair value on the acquisition date.
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Goodwill
The evaluation of goodwill for impairment is performed at a level referred to as a reporting unit. A reporting unit is either the “operating segment level” or one level below, which is referred to as a “component.” The level at which the impairment test is performed requires an assessment as to whether the operations below the operating segment should be aggregated as one reporting unit due to their similarity or reviewed individually. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is considered to be impaired when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value.
We have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the results of this analysis indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the quantitative impairment test is required; otherwise, no further assessment is necessary. To perform the quantitative approach, we estimate the fair value of our reporting units using a discounted cash flow methodology. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then we record an impairment loss equal to the difference.
For the year ended June 30, 2023, we recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $5,609. The charge is a partial impairment of the goodwill for one of our small reporting units within our All Other Businesses reportable segment. There were no impairments identified for any other reporting units. We recognized no goodwill impairment charges during the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Refer to Note 8 for additional details regarding the annual goodwill impairment test.
Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests held by third parties in consolidated subsidiaries are considered mandatorily redeemable when they are subject to an unconditional obligation to be redeemed by both parties. The redeemable noncontrolling interest must be required to be repurchased on a specified date or on the occurrence of a specified event that is certain to occur and is to be redeemed via the transfer of assets. Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests are presented as liability-based financial instruments and are re-measured on a recurring basis to the expected redemption value.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, the exercise of put options by the minority shareholders of three PrintBrothers businesses to redeem a portion of their equity interests triggered a mandatory redemption feature for the remaining minority interests after exercise. As such, we reclassified the remaining minority equity interests from redeemable noncontrolling interest to mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest, which is presented as part of other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 14 for additional details.
Debt Issuance Costs
Costs associated with the issuance of debt instruments are capitalized and amortized over the term of the respective financing arrangement on a straight-line basis through the maturity date of the related debt instrument. We evaluate all changes to our debt arrangements to determine whether the changes represent a modification or extinguishment to the old debt arrangement. If a debt instrument is deemed to be modified, we capitalize all new lender fees and expense all third-party fees. If we determine that an extinguishment of one of our debt instruments has occurred, the unamortized financing fees associated with the extinguished instrument are expensed. For the revolving loans associated with our senior secured credit facility, all lender and third-party fees are capitalized, and in the event an amendment reduces the committed capacity under the revolving loans, we expense a portion of any unamortized fees on a pro-rata basis in proportion to the decrease in the committed capacity.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We record all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. We apply hedge accounting to arrangements that qualify and are designated for hedge accounting treatment, which includes cash flow and net investment hedges. Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively if the hedging relationship ceases to be effective or the hedging or hedged items cease to exist as a result of maturity, sale, termination, or cancellation.
Derivatives designated and qualifying as hedges of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges, which could include interest rate swap
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contracts and cross-currency swap contracts. In a cash flow hedging relationship, the effective and ineffective portion of the change in the fair value of the hedging derivative is initially recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The portion of gain or loss on the derivative instrument previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss remains in accumulated other comprehensive loss until the forecasted transaction is recognized in earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, we present the settlement amount of these contracts within cash from operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows, if the hedged item continues after contract settlement.
Derivatives designated and qualifying as hedges of currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation are considered net investment hedges, which could include cross-currency swap and currency forward contracts as well as intercompany loans. In hedging the currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation, the effective and ineffective portion of gains and losses on the hedging instruments is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss as part of currency translation adjustment. The portion of gain or loss on the derivative instrument previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income remains in accumulated other comprehensive loss until we reduce our investment in the hedged foreign operation through a sale or substantial liquidation.
We also enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of our risks, even though we may not elect to apply hedge accounting or the instrument may not qualify for hedge accounting. When hedge accounting is not applied, the changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recorded directly in earnings as a component of other (expense) income, net.
In accordance with the fair value measurement guidance, our accounting policy is to measure the credit risk of our derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. We execute our derivative instruments with financial institutions that we judge to be credit-worthy, defined as institutions that hold an investment grade credit rating.
Shareholders' Deficit
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss is composed of net loss, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives, unrealized gains and losses on pension benefit obligation, and cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, which are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.
Treasury Shares
Treasury shares are accounted for using the cost method and are included as a component of shareholders' equity. Prior to June 2022, we reissued treasury shares as part of our share-based compensation programs and as consideration for some of our acquisition transactions. Upon issuance of treasury shares we determined the cost using the average cost method.
Warrants
We bifurcate and separately account for a detachable warrant as a separate equity instrument. The value assigned to the warrants was determined based on a relative fair value allocation between the warrants and related debt. The fair value of the warrants was determined using a Monte Carlo valuation and applying a discount for the lack of marketability for the warrants. We present the allocated value for the warrants within additional paid-in capital in our consolidated balance sheet. Refer to Note 11 for additional details.
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Revenue Recognition
We generate revenue primarily from the sale and shipment of customized manufactured products. We also generate revenue, to a much lesser extent (and primarily in our Vista business) from digital services, website design and hosting, professional design services, and email marketing services, as well as a small percentage from order referral fees and other third-party offerings. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services. Shipping revenues are recognized when control of the related products is transferred to the customer. For design service arrangements, we recognize revenue when the services are complete. A portion of this revenue relates to design contests in which we have determined that we are the principal in the arrangement as we satisfy our contractual performance obligation to provide the customer with the benefit of our platform and network of designers.
Under the terms of most of our arrangements with our customers we provide satisfaction guarantees, which give our customers an option for a refund or reprint over a specified period of time if the customer is not fully satisfied. As such, we record a reserve for estimated sales returns and allowances as a reduction of revenue, based on historical experience or the specific identification of an event necessitating a reserve. Actual sales returns have historically not been significant.
We have elected to recognize shipping and handling activities that occur after transfer of control of the products as fulfillment activities and not as a separate performance obligation. Accordingly, we recognize revenue for our single performance obligation upon the transfer of control of the fulfilled orders, which generally occurs upon delivery to the shipping carrier. If revenue is recognized prior to completion of the shipping and handling activities, we accrue the costs of those activities. We do have some arrangements whereby the transfer of control, and thus revenue recognition, occurs upon delivery to the customer. If multiple products are ordered together, each product is considered a separate performance obligation, and the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of each performance obligation. We generally determine the standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to our customers.
Our products are customized for each individual customer with no alternative use except to be delivered to that specific customer; however, we do not have an enforceable right to payment prior to delivering the items to the customer based on the terms and conditions of our arrangements with customers, and therefore we recognize revenue at a point in time.
We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of our satisfaction of the related performance obligation. The satisfaction of performance obligations generally occurs shortly after cash payment and we expect to recognize the majority of our deferred revenue balance as revenue within three months subsequent to June 30, 2023.
We periodically provide marketing materials and promotional offers to new customers and existing customers that are intended to improve customer retention. These incentive offers are generally available to all customers, and therefore do not represent a performance obligation as customers are not required to enter into a contractual commitment to receive the offer. These discounts are recognized as a reduction to the transaction price when used by the customer. Costs related to free products are included within cost of revenue and sample products are included within marketing and selling expense.
We have elected to expense incremental direct costs as incurred, which primarily includes sales commissions, since our contract periods generally are less than one year and the related performance obligations are satisfied within a short period of time.
Restructuring
Restructuring costs are recorded in connection with initiatives designed to improve efficiency or enhance competitiveness. Restructuring initiatives require us to make estimates in several areas, including expenses for severance and other employee separation costs and our ability to generate sublease income to enable us to terminate lease obligations at the estimated amounts.
For jurisdictions in which there are statutorily required minimum benefits for involuntary terminations, severance benefits are documented in an employee manual or labor contract, or are consistent with prior
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restructuring plan benefits, we evaluate these benefits as ongoing benefit arrangements. We recognize the liability for these arrangements when it is probable that the employee would be entitled to the benefits and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The expense timing generally occurs when management has committed to and approved the restructuring plan.
Involuntary termination benefits that are in excess of statutory minimum requirements and prior restructuring plan benefits are recognized as termination benefits and expensed at the date we notify the employee, unless the employee must provide future service beyond the statutory minimum retention period, in which case the benefits are expensed ratably over the future service period. Liabilities for costs associated with a facility exit or disposal activity are recognized when the liability is incurred, as opposed to when management commits to an exit plan, and are measured at fair value. Restructuring costs are presented as a separate financial statement line within our consolidated statement of operations.
Advertising Expense
Our advertising costs are primarily expensed as incurred and included in marketing and selling expense. Advertising expense for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $417,886, $408,566, and $333,665, respectively, which consisted of external costs related to customer acquisition and retention marketing campaigns.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and included in technology and development expense. Research and development expense for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $58,819, $56,996, and $49,254, respectively, which consisted of costs related to enhancing our manufacturing engineering and technology capabilities.
Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we calculate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our current tax expense and deferred tax expense based on assessing temporary and permanent differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and financial reporting purposes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when we expect temporary differences to reverse. We assess the ability to realize our deferred tax assets based upon the weight of available evidence both positive and negative. To the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, we establish a valuation allowance. In the event that actual results differ from our estimates or we adjust our estimates in the future, we may need to increase or decrease income tax expense, which could have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.
We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the tax position. The tax benefits recognized in our financial statements from such positions are measured as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The unrecognized tax benefits may reduce our effective tax rate if recognized. Interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in the provision for income taxes. Stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss are released on an item-by-item basis based on when the applicable derivative is recognized in earnings.
Foreign Currency Translation
Our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries translate their assets and liabilities denominated in their functional currency to U.S. dollars at current rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing throughout the period. The resulting gains and losses from translation are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Transaction gains and losses and remeasurement of assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency are included in other income (expense), net in our consolidated statements of operations.
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Other Income (Expense), Net
The following table summarizes the components of other income (expense), net:

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,311 |  |  | $ | 58,148 |  |  | $ | (20,728) |
Currency-related gains, net (2) |  |  |  |  | 16,350 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 1,005 |
Other (losses) gains |  |  |  |  | (1,163) |  |  | 3,071 |  |  | 370 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,498 |  |  | $ | 61,463 |  |  | $ | (19,353) |

_____________________
(1) Includes realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative currency forward and option contracts not designated as hedging instruments, as well as the ineffective portion of certain interest rate swap contracts that have been de-designated from hedge accounting. For contracts not designated as hedging instruments, we realized gains of $39,133 and $9,955, respectively, for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and losses of $6,854 for the year ended June 30, 2021. Refer to Note 4 for additional details relating to our derivative contracts.
(2) Currency-related gains, net primarily relates to significant non-functional currency intercompany financing relationships that we may change at times and are subject to currency exchange rate volatility. In addition, we have certain cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges, which hedge the remeasurement of certain intercompany loans; refer to Note 4 for additional details relating to these cash flow hedges.
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Cimpress plc
Basic net loss per share attributable to Cimpress plc is computed by dividing net loss attributable to Cimpress plc by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the respective period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to Cimpress plc gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities, including share options, restricted share units (“RSUs”), warrants, and performance share units ("PSUs"), if the effect of the securities is dilutive using the treasury stock method. Awards with performance or market conditions are included using the treasury stock method only if the conditions would have been met as of the end of the reporting period and their effect is dilutive.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the weighted-average number of ordinary shares:

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  |  |  | 26,252,860 |  |  | 26,094,842 |  |  | 25,996,572 |
Weighted average anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted net loss per share attributable to Cimpress plc (1)(2) |  |  |  |  | 2,834,351 |  |  | 762,086 |  |  | 494,329 |

___________________
(1) In the periods in which a net loss is recognized, the impact of share options, RSUs, restricted share awards, and warrants are anti-dilutive. For the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the weighted average dilutive shares for these securities, in the aggregate, would have been 83,275, 233,244, and 465,869, respectively, had we not recognized a net loss.
(2) On May 1, 2020, we entered into a financing arrangement with Apollo Global Management, Inc., which included 7-year warrants to purchase 1,055,377 of our ordinary shares with a strike price of $60 that have a potentially dilutive impact on our weighted average shares outstanding. For the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the average market price was higher than the strike price for at least a portion of the year, as such the weighted average dilutive effect of the warrants that were included in the anti-dilutive share count due to the net loss in each period was 138,088, and 368,933 shares, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2023, the average share price was below the strike price for the full fiscal year; therefore, the total outstanding warrants were considered anti-dilutive.
Share-based Compensation
Compensation expense for all share-based awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized over the requisite service period. We recognize the impact of forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of share options is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, or lattice model for share options with a market condition or subsidiary share options. The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the quoted price of our ordinary shares on the date of the grant. Such value is recognized ratably as expense over the requisite service period, or on an accelerated method for awards with a performance or market condition. For awards that are ultimately settleable in cash, we treat them as liability awards and mark the award to market each reporting period recognizing any gain or loss in our statements of operations. For awards with a performance condition vesting feature, compensation cost is recorded if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.
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We have issued PSUs, and we calculate the fair value at grant, which is fixed throughout the vesting period. The fair value is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. As the PSUs include both a service and market condition the related expense is recognized using the accelerated expense attribution method over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. For PSUs that meet the service vesting condition, the expense recognized over the requisite service period will not be reversed if the market condition is not achieved.
Sabbatical Leave
Compensation expense associated with a sabbatical leave, or other similar benefit arrangements, is accrued over the requisite service period during which an employee earns the benefit, net of estimated forfeitures, and is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
We monitor the creditworthiness of our customers to which we grant credit terms in the normal course of business. We do not have any customers that accounted for greater than 10% of our accounts receivable as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. We do not have any customers that accounted for greater than 10% of our revenue for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for potential credit losses based upon specific customer accounts and historical trends, and such losses to date in the aggregate have not materially exceeded our expectations.
Lease Accounting
We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at contract inception. We consider an arrangement to be a lease if it conveys the right to control an identifiable asset for a period of time. Costs for operating leases that include incentives such as payment escalations or rent abatement are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Additionally, inducements received are treated as a reduction of our costs over the term of the agreement. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the shorter of their expected useful life or the lease term, excluding renewal periods.
Lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and liabilities for operating and finance leases are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at lease commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. Our incremental borrowing rate approximates the interest rate on a collateralized basis for the economic environments where our leased assets are located, and is established by considering the credit spread associated with our existing debt arrangements, as well as observed market rates for instruments with a similar term to that of the lease payments. ROU assets also include any lease payments made at or before the lease commencement, as well as any initial direct costs incurred. Lease incentives received from the lessor are recognized as a reduction to the ROU asset.
Our initial determination of the lease term is based on the facts and circumstances that exist at lease commencement. The lease term may include the effect of options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that those options will be exercised. We consider these options reasonably certain to be exercised based on our assessment of economic incentives, including the fair market rent for equivalent properties under similar terms and conditions, costs of relocating, availability of comparable replacement assets, and any related disruption to operations that would be experienced by not renewing the lease.
Finance leases are accounted for as an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation. Assets held under finance leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased asset at the inception of the lease, and amortized over the useful life of the asset. The corresponding finance lease obligation is recorded at the present value of the minimum lease payments at inception of the lease.
Operating leases are included in operating lease assets and current and non-current operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Finance lease assets are included in property, plant, and equipment, net, and the related liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
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Variable lease payments are excluded from the operating lease assets and liabilities and are recognized as expense in the period in which the obligation is incurred. Variable lease payments primarily include index-based rent escalation associated with some of our real estate leases, as well as property taxes and common area maintenance payments for most real estate leases, which are determined based on the costs incurred by the lessor. We also make variable lease payments for certain print equipment leases that are determined based on production volumes.
We have subleased a small amount of our equipment and real estate lease portfolio to third parties, making us the lessor. Most of these subleases meet the criteria for operating lease classification and the related sublease income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term within the consolidated statement of operations. To a lesser extent, we have leases in which we are the lessees and we classify the leases as finance leases which have been subleased under similar terms, resulting in the sublease classification as direct financing leases. For direct financing leases, we recognize a sublease receivable within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Adopted Accounting Standards
In May 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2021-04 "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)" (ASU 2021-04), which provides authoritative guidance for the prospective treatment of modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that are not in the scope of another Topic. The standard is effective for us in fiscal year 2023. There were no such transactions in the year of adoption; therefore, ASU 2021-04 had no effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-06 "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)" (ASU 2020-06), which provides authoritative guidance for the accounting treatment of contracts in an entity's own equity when calculating earnings per share. We adopted this standard in fiscal year 2023 and it had no impact on our consolidated financial statements as our free-standing warrants are equity classified.
The FASB issued Accounting Standards Updates related to reference rate reform that include No. 2020-04 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting" (ASU 2020-04), No. 2021-01 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope", and No. 2022-06 "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 (ASU 2022-06). If certain criteria are met, ASU 848 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP on contract modifications, hedge accounting, and other transactions which reference LIBOR or another rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. We have elected the optional expedients for certain existing and new interest rate swaps that are designated as cash flow hedges, for which we have modified the critical terms and there is a variable rate mismatch between the hedging instrument and hedged item. The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Issued Accounting Standards to be Adopted
In September 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2022-04, "Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations". This guidance requires annual and interim disclosures for entities that use supplier finance programs in connection with the purchase of goods and services. All interim period disclosure requirements will be effective starting with the quarter ending September 30, 2023, followed by annual requirements that include the rollforward of program activity, which will be effective for our fiscal year ending June 30, 2025. As the standard updates disclosure information only, we do not expect its adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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3. Fair Value Measurements
We use a three-level valuation hierarchy for measuring fair value and include detailed financial statement disclosures about fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
•Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
•Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables summarize our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy:

| June 30, 2023
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 19,218 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,218 |  |  | $ | — |
Currency forward contracts | 2,301 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,301 |  |  | — |
Currency option contracts | 990 |  |  | — |  |  | 990 |  |  | — |
Total assets recorded at fair value | $ | 22,509 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,509 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swap contracts | $ | (1,777) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,777) |  |  | $ | — |
Currency forward contracts | (4,485) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,485) |  |  | — |
Currency option contracts | (3,055) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,055) |  |  | — |
Total liabilities recorded at fair value | $ | (9,317) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9,317) |  |  | $ | — |

| June 30, 2022
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 14,336 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,336 |  |  | $ | — |
Currency forward contracts | 20,638 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,638 |  |  | — |
Currency option contracts | 10,611 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,611 |  |  | — |
Total assets recorded at fair value | $ | 45,585 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,585 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cross-currency swap contracts | $ | (446) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (446) |  |  | $ | — |
Currency forward contracts | (505) |  |  | — |  |  | (505) |  |  | — |
Currency option contracts | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |
Total liabilities recorded at fair value | $ | (960) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (960) |  |  | $ | — |

During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no significant transfers in or out of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 classifications.
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The valuations of the derivatives intended to mitigate our interest rate and currency risk are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument. This analysis utilizes observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, interest rate volatility, or spot and forward exchange rates, and reflects the contractual terms of these instruments, including the period to maturity. We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparties' nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements.
Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparties' nonperformance risk in the fair value measurement. However, as of June 30, 2023, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined that our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current liabilities approximated their estimated fair values. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of our debt, excluding debt issuance costs and debt premiums and discounts, was $1,653,989 and $1,705,365, respectively, and the fair value was $1,604,190 and $1,600,627, respectively. Our debt at June 30, 2023 includes variable-rate debt instruments indexed to LIBOR and Euribor that resets periodically, as well as fixed-rate debt instruments. The estimated fair value of our debt was determined using available market information based on recent trades or activity of debt instruments with substantially similar risks, terms and maturities, which fall within Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.
As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, our held-to-maturity marketable securities were held at an amortized cost of $43,037 and $49,952, respectively, while the fair value was $42,667 and $49,406, respectively. The securities were valued using quoted prices for identical assets in active markets, which fall into Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy.
The estimated fair value of assets and liabilities disclosed above may not be representative of actual values that could have been or will be realized in the future.
4. Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swap contracts, cross-currency swap contracts, and currency forward and option contracts, to manage interest rate and foreign currency exposures. Derivatives are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge or net investment hedge, then the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. We have designated one intercompany loan as a net investment hedge, and any unrealized currency gains and losses on the loan are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Additionally, any ineffectiveness associated with an effective and designated hedge is recognized within accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The change in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges is recognized directly in earnings as a component of other income (expense), net.
Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
We enter into interest rate swap contracts to manage variability in the amount of our known or expected cash payments related to a portion of our debt. Our objective in using interest rate swaps is to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. We designate our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the contract agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Realized gains or losses from interest rate swaps are recorded in earnings as a component of interest expense, net. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss
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related to interest rate swap contracts will be reclassified to interest expense, net as interest payments are accrued or made on our variable-rate debt.
As of June 30, 2023, we estimate that $7,279 of income will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense, net during the twelve months ending June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2023, we had eleven effective outstanding interest rate swap contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $475,000, $140,000, and $60,000 that were indexed to USD LIBOR, Term SOFR, and Daily SOFR, respectively. The transition relief guidance from ASC 848 was applied to designate the SOFR swap contracts for hedge accounting despite the benchmark rate mismatch. After USD LIBOR sunsets on June 30, 2023, all contracts indexed to USD LIBOR will convert to either Term or Daily SOFR with effective dates in July 2023.
Our interest rate swap contracts have varying start and maturity dates through April 2028.

Interest rate swap contracts outstanding: |  | Notional Amounts
Contracts accruing interest as of June 30, 2023 (1) |  | $ | 245,000 |
Contracts with a future start date |  | 430,000 |
Total |  | $ | 675,000 |

________________________
(1) Based on contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2023, the notional value of our contracted interest rate swaps accruing interest will fluctuate between $215,000 and $380,000 through April 2028 based on layered start dates and maturities.
Hedges of Currency Risk
Cross-Currency Swap Contracts
We execute cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges or net investment hedges. Cross-currency swaps involve an initial receipt of the notional amount in the hedged currency in exchange for our reporting currency based on a contracted exchange rate. Subsequently, we receive fixed rate payments in our reporting currency in exchange for fixed rate payments in the hedged currency over the life of the contract. At maturity, the final exchange involves the receipt of our reporting currency in exchange for the notional amount in the hedged currency.
Cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges are executed to mitigate our currency exposure to the interest receipts as well as the principal remeasurement and repayment associated with certain intercompany loans denominated in a currency other than our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. As of June 30, 2023, we had one outstanding cross-currency swap contract designated as a cash flow hedge with a total notional amount of $58,478, maturing during June 2024. We entered into the cross-currency swap contract to hedge the risk of changes in one Euro-denominated intercompany loan entered into with one of our consolidated subsidiaries that has the Euro as its functional currency.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to other income (expense), net as interest payments are accrued or paid, and upon remeasuring the intercompany loan. As of June 30, 2023, we estimate that $839 of income will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense, net during the twelve months ending June 30, 2024.
Other Currency Hedges
We execute currency forward and option contracts in order to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in various currencies against our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. These contracts or intercompany loans may be designated as hedges to mitigate the risk of changes in the U.S. dollar equivalent value of a portion of our net investment in consolidated subsidiaries that have the Euro as their functional currency. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss are recognized as a component of our cumulative translation adjustment.
As of June 30, 2023, we have one intercompany loan designated as a net investment hedge with a total notional amount of $319,513 that matures in May 2028.
We have elected to not apply hedge accounting for all other currency forward and option contracts. During the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we experienced volatility within other income (expense), net, in our consolidated statements of operations from unrealized gains and losses on the mark-to-market of outstanding
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currency forward and option contracts. We expect this volatility to continue in future periods for contracts for which we do not apply hedge accounting. Additionally, since our hedging objectives may be targeted at non-GAAP financial metrics that exclude non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, we may experience increased, not decreased, volatility in our GAAP results as a result of our currency hedging program.
In most cases, we enter into these currency derivative contracts, which do not apply hedge accounting, in order to address the risk for certain currencies where we have a net exposure to adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial metric. Adjusted EBITDA exposures are our focus for the majority of our mark-to-market currency forward and option contracts because a similar metric is referenced within the debt covenants of our amended and restated senior secured credit agreement (refer to Note 10 for additional information about this agreement). Our most significant net currency exposures by volume are the Euro and the British Pound (GBP). Our adjusted EBITDA hedging approach results in addressing nearly all of our forecasted Euro and GBP net exposures for the upcoming twelve months, with a declining hedged percentage out to twenty-four months. For certain other currencies with a smaller net impact, we hedge nearly all of our forecasted net exposures for the upcoming six months, with a declining hedge percentage out to fifteen months.
As of June 30, 2023, we had the following outstanding currency derivative contracts that were not designated for hedge accounting and were primarily used to hedge fluctuations in the U.S. dollar value of forecasted transactions or balances denominated in Australian Dollar, GBP, Canadian Dollar, Czech Koruna, Danish Krone, Euro, Indian Rupee, Mexican Peso, New Zealand Dollar, Norwegian Krone, Philippine Peso, Swiss Franc and Swedish Krona:

Notional Amount |  | Effective Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Number of Instruments |  | Index
$658,341 |  | September 2021 through June 2023 |  | Various dates through June 2025 |  | 588 |  | Various

Financial Instrument Presentation
The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the balance sheet as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022. Our derivative asset and liability balances fluctuate with interest rate and currency exchange rate volatility.
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| June 30, 2023
| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount |  | Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | Other assets |  | $ | 19,341 |  |  | $ | (123) |  |  | $ | 19,218 |  |  | Other liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cross-currency swaps | Other assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Other current liabilities |  | (1,777) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,777) |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 19,341 |  |  | $ | (123) |  |  | $ | 19,218 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,777) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,777) |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | $ | 2,873 |  |  | $ | (572) |  |  | $ | 2,301 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | $ | (6,074) |  |  | $ | 1,589 |  |  | $ | (4,485) |
Currency option contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | 990 |  |  | — |  |  | 990 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | (3,055) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,055) |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 3,863 |  |  | $ | (572) |  |  | $ | 3,291 |  |  |  |  | $ | (9,129) |  |  | $ | 1,589 |  |  | $ | (7,540) |

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| June 30, 2022
| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount |  | Balance Sheet line item |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amount offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Net amount
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | Other current assets / other assets |  | $ | 14,336 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,336 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Cross-currency swaps | Other assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Other liabilities |  | (446) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (446) |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 14,336 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,336 |  |  |  |  | $ | (446) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (446) |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency forward contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | $ | 24,440 |  |  | $ | (3,802) |  |  | $ | 20,638 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | $ | (505) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (505) |
Currency option contracts | Other current assets / other assets |  | 10,612 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 10,611 |  |  | Other current liabilities / other liabilities |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  | $ | 35,052 |  |  | $ | (3,803) |  |  | $ | 31,249 |  |  |  |  | $ | (514) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (514) |

The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments and their classification within comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,151 |  |  | $ | 25,511 |  |  | $ | 3,340 |
Cross-currency swaps |  |  |  |  | (1,160) |  |  | (22,698) |  |  | 6,996 |
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intercompany loan |  |  |  |  | (8,384) |  |  | 49,225 |  |  | 7,518 |
Currency forward contracts |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 13,622 |  |  | (19,052) |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,607 |  |  | $ | 65,660 |  |  | $ | (1,198) |

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The following table presents reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

|  |  |  |  | Amount of Net Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Income | Affected line item in the Statement of Operations
|  |  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  | $ | (4,851) |  |  | $ | 9,998 |  |  | $ | 6,967 |  | Interest expense, net
Cross-currency swaps |  |  |  |  | 903 |  |  | 18,286 |  |  | (10,950) |  | Other income (expense), net
Total before income tax |  |  |  |  | (3,948) |  |  | 28,284 |  |  | (3,983) |  | (Loss) income before income taxes
Income tax |  |  |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | (2,087) |  |  | (106) |  | Income tax expense
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | (2,873) |  |  | $ | 26,197 |  |  | $ | (4,089) |  |

The following table presents the adjustment to fair value recorded within the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 for derivative instruments for which we did not elect hedge accounting and de-designated derivative financial instruments that did not qualify as hedging instruments.

|  |  |  |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Net Loss | Affected line item in the Statement of Operations
|  |  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |
Currency contracts |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,311 |  |  | $ | 51,784 |  |  | $ | (24,235) |  | Other income (expense), net
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6,364 |  |  | 3,507 |  | Other income (expense), net
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,311 |  |  | $ | 58,148 |  |  | $ | (20,728) |  |

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5. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table presents a roll forward of amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax of $4,013, $16,722, and $764 for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021:

| (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges (1) |  |  |  | (Losses) gains on pension benefit obligation |  | Translation adjustments, net of hedges (2) |  | Total
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | (30,078) |  |  |  |  | $ | (1,399) |  |  | $ | (57,199) |  |  | $ | (88,676) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 10,336 |  |  |  |  | (336) |  |  | 11,283 |  |  | 21,283 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss | (4,089) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,089) |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 6,247 |  |  |  |  | (336) |  |  | 11,283 |  |  | 17,194 |
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | (23,831) |  |  |  |  | (1,735) |  |  | (45,916) |  |  | (71,482) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 2,813 |  |  |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | (6,305) |  |  | (1,843) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss | 26,197 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,197 |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 29,010 |  |  |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | (6,305) |  |  | 24,354 |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 5,179 |  |  |  |  | (86) |  |  | (52,221) |  |  | (47,128) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 9,991 |  |  |  |  | (106) |  |  | 5,220 |  |  | 15,105 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss | (2,873) |  |  |  |  | (164) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,037) |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 7,118 |  |  |  |  | (270) |  |  | 5,220 |  |  | 12,068 |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 12,297 |  |  |  |  | $ | (356) |  |  | $ | (47,001) |  |  | $ | (35,060) |

________________________
(1) (Losses) gains on cash flow hedges include our interest rate swap and cross-currency swap contracts designated in cash flow hedging relationships.
(2) As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the translation adjustment is inclusive of both realized and unrealized effects of our net investment hedges. Gains on currency forward and swap contracts, net of tax, of $15,079 have been included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2023 and 2022. Intercompany loan hedge gains of $44,229 and $56,743, net of tax, have been included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
6. Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net
Property, plant, and equipment, net consists of the following:

|  |  | June 30,
| Estimated useful lives |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Land improvements | 10 years |  | $ | 4,903 |  |  | $ | 4,899 |
Building and building improvements | 10 - 30 years |  | 175,393 |  |  | 180,295 |
Machinery and production equipment | 4 - 10 years |  | 389,523 |  |  | 366,647 |
Machinery and production equipment under finance lease | 4 - 10 years |  | 67,131 |  |  | 57,669 |
Computer software and equipment | 3 - 5 years |  | 95,586 |  |  | 105,778 |
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment | 5 - 7 years |  | 36,046 |  |  | 35,681 |
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of lease term or expected life of the asset |  | 52,092 |  |  | 52,671 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 14,988 |  |  | 13,117 |
|  |  | 835,662 |  |  | 816,757 |
Less accumulated depreciation, inclusive of assets under finance lease |  |  | (573,281) |  |  | (557,981) |
|  |  | 262,381 |  |  | 258,776 |
Land |  |  | 25,193 |  |  | 28,050 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  |  | $ | 287,574 |  |  | $ | 286,826 |

Depreciation expense, inclusive of assets under finance leases, totaled $59,841, $67,513, and $71,057 for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
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7. Business Combinations
Fiscal Year 2023 Acquisitions
On December 12, 2022, we completed an investment in a European company that is intended to support certain strategic initiatives within our PrintBrothers reportable segment. After giving effect to this investment, we have acquired approximately 58% of the company's shares for total cash consideration of $498. The purchase consideration also includes the effective settlement of the company's existing liabilities to a Cimpress business. We recognized the assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interest on the basis of their fair values at the date of the acquisition, resulting in goodwill of $4,724, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The net assets recognized upon acquisition, as well as the revenue and earnings included in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2023, are not material. We utilized our available cash to fund the acquisition.
Fiscal Year 2022 Acquisitions
Acquisition of Depositphotos Inc.
On October 1, 2021, we acquired Depositphotos Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Depositphotos"), a global creative platform for digital design. We acquired all outstanding shares of the company for a purchase price of $84,900, which included a post-closing adjustment based on acquired cash, debt, and working capital as of the closing date. We paid $76,119 in cash at closing, and the remaining purchase consideration, including the post-closing adjustment but net of any indemnifiable losses recoverable against the deferred amount. The deferred payments were made in two installment, including the payment of $609 during fiscal year 2022 and a final deferred payment of $6,875 that was made during fiscal year 2023.
Depositphotos is managed within our Vista business and includes VistaCreate (formerly Crello), a rapidly growing leader in do-it-yourself (DIY) digital design, and the separately branded Depositphotos business, a platform for creators that includes images, videos, and music that are developed by a large group of content contributors. We expect synergies to provide significant benefits to our Vista business as this represents another integral step toward providing a compelling, full-spectrum design offering to our customers, and also provides another vehicle for the acquisition of new customers, to whom we plan to cross-sell our other products and services.
The table below details the consideration transferred to acquire Depositphotos:

Cash consideration (paid at closing) | $ | 76,119 |
Deferred payment | 8,781 |
Total purchase price | $ | 84,900 |

We recognized the assets and liabilities on the basis of their fair values at the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets recorded as goodwill, which is primarily attributable to the synergies that we expect to achieve through the acquisition. The goodwill balance has been attributed to the Vista reporting unit and none of the goodwill balance is deductible for tax purposes. Additionally, we identified and valued Depositphotos intangible assets, which include its trade name, customer relationships,
owned content, and developed technology.
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The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was:

|  | Amount |  | Weighted Average Useful Life in Years
Tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 7,173 |  |  | n/a
Accounts receivable, net |  | 329 |  |  | n/a
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 448 |  |  | n/a
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 611 |  |  | n/a
Operating lease assets, net |  | 383 |  |  | n/a
Other assets |  | 324 |  |  | n/a
Accounts payable |  | (843) |  |  | n/a
Accrued expenses |  | (5,009) |  |  | n/a
Deferred revenue |  | (10,999) |  |  | n/a
Operating lease liabilities, current |  | (152) |  |  | n/a
Deferred tax liabilities |  | (4,402) |  |  | n/a
Operating lease liabilities, non-current |  | (231) |  |  | n/a
Identifiable intangible assets: |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | 11,600 |  |  | 4 years
Trade name |  | 2,500 |  |  | 10 years
Developed technology |  | 2,300 |  |  | 2 years
Owned content |  | 7,700 |  |  | 10 years
Goodwill |  | 73,168 |  |  | n/a
Total purchase price |  | $ | 84,900 |  |  | n/a

Depositphotos has been included in our consolidated financial statements starting on its acquisition date. The revenue and earnings of Depositphotos included in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2022 are not material, and therefore no proforma financial information is presented. We used our cash on hand to fund the acquisition. In connection with the acquisition, we incurred $887 in general and administrative expenses, as part of our central and corporate costs during the year ended June 30, 2022, primarily related to legal, financial, and other professional services.
Other Acquisition
On January 21, 2022, we completed an investment in a European company that is intended to support certain strategic initiatives within our PrintBrothers reportable segment. After giving effect to this investment, we have acquired approximately 75% of the company's shares for total cash and noncash consideration of $11,218. We recognized the assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest on the basis of their fair values at the date of the acquisition, resulting in goodwill of $10,484, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The net assets recognized largely consist of the cash and deferred tax liability balances acquired. The revenue and earnings included in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2022 are not material. We utilized our available cash balance to finance the acquisition.
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Fiscal Year 2021 Acquisitions
Acquisition of 99designs, Inc.
On October 1, 2020, we acquired 99designs, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("99designs"), a global creative platform for graphic design. We acquired all outstanding shares of the company for a purchase price of $90,000, subject to a post-closing adjustment based on acquired cash, debt, and working capital as of the closing date. We paid $45,000 in cash at closing and paid the remaining purchase consideration, including the post-closing adjustment, on February 15, 2022. The acquisition is managed within our Vista business and provides a global platform that connects designers and clients, making it easier for small businesses to access both professional design services and marketing products in one place. We expect the synergies achieved through integration with the 99designs designer network to provide significant benefits to our Vista business.
The table below details the consideration transferred to acquire 99designs:

Cash consideration (paid at closing) | $ | 45,000 |
Fair value of deferred payment | 43,381 |
Final post closing adjustment | 310 |
Total purchase price | $ | 88,691 |

We recognized the assets and liabilities on the basis of their fair values at the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets recorded as goodwill, which is primarily attributable to the synergies that we expect to achieve through the acquisition. The goodwill balance has been attributed to the Vista reporting unit and a portion of such goodwill balance is deductible for tax purposes. Additionally, we identified and valued 99designs intangible assets, which include their trade name, designer network, and developed technology.
The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed was:

|  | Amount |  | Weighted Average Useful Life in Years
Tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 8,603 |  |  | n/a
Accounts receivable, net |  | 494 |  |  | n/a
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 787 |  |  | n/a
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 73 |  |  | n/a
Other assets |  | 142 |  |  | n/a
Accounts payable |  | (220) |  |  | n/a
Accrued expenses |  | (6,299) |  |  | n/a
Deferred revenue |  | (5,806) |  |  | n/a
Other liabilities |  | (625) |  |  | n/a
Identifiable intangible assets: |  |  |  |
Trade name |  | 1,550 |  |  | 2 years
Developed technology |  | 13,400 |  |  | 3 years
Designer network |  | 5,800 |  |  | 7 years
Goodwill |  | 70,792 |  |  | n/a
Total purchase price |  | $ | 88,691 |  |  | n/a

We used our senior secured credit facility to finance the acquisition. In connection with the acquisition, we incurred $1,183 in general and administrative expenses during the year ended June 30, 2021, primarily related to legal, financial, and other professional services.
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Other Acquisition
On April 23, 2021 we completed an acquisition of a company with an attractive product capability as part of our BuildASign business, acquiring approximately 81% of the company's shares for total consideration of $18,535. We recognized the assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest on the basis of their fair values at the date of the acquisition, resulting in goodwill of $14,208, which is not deductible for tax purposes. This acquisition is presented within our All Other Businesses segment. We utilized proceeds from our senior secured credit facility to finance the acquisition.
8. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:

| Vista |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | All Other Businesses |  | Total
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | 225,147 |  |  | $ | 137,307 |  |  | $ | 164,220 |  |  | $ | 200,305 |  |  | $ | 726,979 |
Acquisitions (1) | 73,168 |  |  | 10,484 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83,652 |
Adjustments | (821) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (821) |
Effect of currency translation adjustments (2) | (5,996) |  |  | (16,963) |  |  | (20,251) |  |  | — |  |  | (43,210) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 291,498 |  |  | 130,828 |  |  | 143,969 |  |  | 200,305 |  |  | 766,600 |
Acquisitions (1) | — |  |  | 4,724 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,724 |
Impairment (3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,609) |  |  | (5,609) |
Adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 225 |  |  | 225 |
Effect of currency translation adjustments (2) | 4,233 |  |  | 5,540 |  |  | 5,828 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,601 |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 295,731 |  |  | $ | 141,092 |  |  | $ | 149,797 |  |  | $ | 194,921 |  |  | $ | 781,541 |

________________________
(1) In fiscal year 2023, we acquired a small business that is included in our PrintBrothers reportable segment, which included cash consideration of $498 and the recognition of goodwill of $4,724. The consideration for this purchase included the effective settlement of the company's existing liabilities to a Cimpress business.
In fiscal year 2022, we acquired Depositphotos Inc., which is included in our Vista reportable segment and recognized goodwill related to an immaterial acquisition within our PrintBrothers reportable segment. In fiscal year 2021, we acquired 99designs, which is included in our Vista reportable segment, and a small business included within our All Other Businesses reportable segment. Refer to Note 7 for additional details.
(2) Related to goodwill held by subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.
(3) During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, we recorded an impairment charge of $5,609, related to one of our small reporting units acquired in fiscal year 2021 that is part of our All Other Businesses reportable segment. See below for additional details.
Annual Impairment Review
Our goodwill accounting policy establishes an annual goodwill impairment test date of May 31. We identified ten reporting units with goodwill individually. We considered the timing of our most recent fiscal year 2022 fair value assessments, associated headroom, actual operating results as compared to the forecasts used to assess fair value, the current long-term forecasts for each reporting unit, and the general economic environment of each reporting unit. After performing this qualitative assessment, we determined that there was no indication the carrying values for seven of these reporting units exceeded their respective fair values.
For each of the three remaining reporting units, we performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test that compared the estimated fair value to carrying value. We used the income approach, specifically the discounted cash flow method, to derive the fair value. This approach calculates fair value by estimating the after-tax cash flows attributable to a reporting unit and then discounting the after-tax cash flows to a present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate. We selected this method as being the most meaningful in preparing our goodwill assessment as we believe the income approach most appropriately measures our income-producing assets. We considered using the market approach, but concluded it was not appropriate in valuing these particular reporting units given the lack of relevant market comparisons available. The cash flow projections in the fair value analysis are considered Level 3 inputs, and consist of management's estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration historical results, as well as industry and market conditions. The discount rate used in the fair value analysis is based on a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), which represents the average rate a business must pay its providers of debt and equity, plus a risk premium. As required, prior to performing the quantitative goodwill impairment test for the three reporting units mentioned above, we first evaluated the recoverability of long-lived assets and concluded that no impairment of long-lived assets existed.
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The quantitative tests were performed for Exaprint, which is part of The Print Group reportable segment, one small reporting unit that is part of our The Print Group reportable segment, as well as a small reporting unit that was acquired by our BuildASign business and included in the All Other Businesses reportable segment. For the Exaprint reporting unit and the small reporting unit that is part of The Print Group reportable segment, we concluded that substantial headroom between the estimated fair value and carrying value existed and that no goodwill impairment was identified. For the one remaining reporting unit, which is a small reporting unit included in our All Other Businesses reportable segment, we concluded that an impairment existed, driven in part by recent declines in revenue growth rates and lower near-term cash flow forecasts. We recognized an impairment charge of $5,609, using a WACC of 17.0%, resulting in a post-impairment goodwill balance of $8,824 at June 30, 2023.
Acquired Intangible Assets

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Trade name | $ | 147,096 |  |  | $ | (77,501) |  |  | $ | 69,595 |  |  | $ | 144,916 |  |  | $ | (65,203) |  |  | $ | 79,713 |
Developed technology | 97,316 |  |  | (87,872) |  |  | 9,444 |  |  | 96,120 |  |  | (75,585) |  |  | 20,535 |
Customer relationships | 199,932 |  |  | (183,879) |  |  | 16,053 |  |  | 195,766 |  |  | (160,247) |  |  | 35,519 |
Customer network and other | 24,368 |  |  | (14,470) |  |  | 9,898 |  |  | 23,946 |  |  | (11,580) |  |  | 12,366 |
Print network | 23,909 |  |  | (19,703) |  |  | 4,206 |  |  | 22,982 |  |  | (16,385) |  |  | 6,597 |
Total intangible assets | $ | 492,621 |  |  | $ | (383,425) |  |  | $ | 109,196 |  |  | $ | 483,730 |  |  | $ | (329,000) |  |  | $ | 154,730 |

Acquired intangible assets amortization expense for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $46,854, $54,497, and $53,818 respectively. Estimated intangible assets amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:

2024 | $ | 32,424 |
2025 | 19,049 |
2026 | 12,333 |
2027 | 10,842 |
2028 | 8,721 |
Thereafter | 25,827 |
| $ | 109,196 |

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9. Other Balance Sheet Components
Accrued expenses included the following:

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Compensation costs | $ | 74,879 |  |  | $ | 78,521 |
Income and indirect taxes | 53,266 |  |  | 41,886 |
Advertising costs | 16,548 |  |  | 25,925 |
Third party manufacturing and digital content costs | 17,380 |  |  | 15,790 |
Shipping costs | 11,146 |  |  | 10,228 |
Variable compensation incentives (1) | 9,413 |  |  | — |
Restructuring costs | 7,567 |  |  | 13,449 |
Sales returns | 6,441 |  |  | 6,286 |
Interest payable | 2,847 |  |  | 2,477 |
Professional fees | 2,743 |  |  | 2,394 |
Other | 54,879 |  |  | 56,885 |
Total accrued expenses | $ | 257,109 |  |  | $ | 253,841 |

______________________
(1) Includes cash-based employee long-term incentives, which are variable based on the performance of individual businesses and vest over four years. As the first payout will occur during the first half of fiscal year 2024, a portion of the balance is now classified as a current liability within accrued expenses.
Other current liabilities included the following:

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Current portion of finance lease obligations | $ | 9,938 |  |  | $ | 6,684 |
Short-term derivative liabilities | 9,865 |  |  | 4,299 |
Other (1) | 4,666 |  |  | 17,052 |
Total other current liabilities | $ | 24,469 |  |  | $ | 28,035 |

______________________
(1) The decrease is due in part to the payment of an acquisition-related liability associated with our Depositphotos acquisition of $6,875 that occurred during the third quarter of fiscal year 2023.
Other liabilities included the following:

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Long-term finance lease obligations (1) | $ | 29,822 |  |  | $ | 14,699 |
Long-term compensation incentives | 22,286 |  |  | 19,934 |
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (2) | 12,018 |  |  | — |
Long-term derivative liabilities | 1,737 |  |  | 463 |
Other | 24,195 |  |  | 29,298 |
Total other liabilities | $ | 90,058 |  |  | $ | 64,394 |

______________________
(1) The increase in long-term finance lease obligations compared to the prior year was largely due to the extension of various lease contracts across our reportable segments as well as the inclusion of finance lease obligations from the acquisition of a small business within our PrintBrothers reportable segment during fiscal year 2023.
(2) During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, we reclassified the noncontrolling interest for three businesses in the PrintBrothers reportable segment to other liabilities, due to the exercise of a put option for a portion of the minority equity interests, which triggered a mandatory redemption feature for the remaining minority equity interest. Refer to Note 14 for additional details.
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10. Debt

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
7.0% Senior Notes due 2026 (1) | $ | 548,300 |  |  | $ | 600,000 |
Senior secured credit facility | 1,098,613 |  |  | 1,097,302 |
Other | 7,076 |  |  | 8,063 |
Debt issuance costs and debt premiums (discounts) | (16,033) |  |  | (19,417) |
Total debt outstanding, net | 1,637,956 |  |  | 1,685,948 |
Less: short-term debt (2) | 10,713 |  |  | 10,386 |
Long-term debt | $ | 1,627,243 |  |  | $ | 1,675,562 |

_____________________
(1) During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we repurchased an aggregate principal amount of $51,700 of our 7.0% Senior Notes due 2026. Refer below for additional details.
(2) Balances as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 are inclusive of short-term debt issuance costs, debt premiums and discounts of $3,526 and $3,498, respectively.
Our various debt arrangements described below contain customary representations, warranties, and events of default. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants in our debt contracts, including those under our amended and restated senior secured credit agreement ("Restated Credit Agreement") and the indenture governing our 2026 Notes.
Senior Secured Credit Facility
On May 17, 2021, we entered into a Restated Credit Agreement consisting of the following:
•A senior secured Term Loan B with a maturity date of May 17, 2028 (the “Term Loan B”), consisting of:
◦a $795,000 tranche that bears interest at LIBOR (with a LIBOR floor of 0.50%) plus 3.50%, and
◦a €300,000 tranche that bears interest at EURIBOR (with a EURIBOR floor of 0%) plus 3.50%; and
•A $250,000 senior secured revolving credit facility with a maturity date of May 17, 2026 (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR (with a LIBOR floor of 0%) plus 2.50% to 3.00% depending on the Company’s First Lien Leverage Ratio, a net leverage calculation, as defined in the Restated Credit Agreement.
The LIBOR sunset occurred on June 30, 2023, and under the terms of our Restated Credit Agreement, our benchmark rate transitioned to Term SOFR in July 2023.
The Restated Credit Agreement contains covenants that restrict or limit certain activities and transactions by Cimpress and our subsidiaries, including, but not limited to, the incurrence of additional indebtedness and liens; certain fundamental organizational changes; asset sales; certain intercompany activities; and certain investments and restricted payments, including purchases of Cimpress plc’s ordinary shares and payment of dividends. In addition, if any loans made under the Revolving Credit Facility are outstanding on the last day of any fiscal quarter, then we are subject to a financial maintenance covenant that the First Lien Leverage Ratio calculated as of the last day of such quarter does not exceed 3.25 to 1.00.
As of June 30, 2023, we have borrowings under the Restated Credit Agreement of $1,098,613 consisting of the Term Loan B, which amortizes over the loan period, with a final maturity date of May 17, 2028. We have no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility as of June 30, 2023.
As of June 30, 2023, the weighted-average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the Restated Credit Agreement was 7.69%, inclusive of interest rate swap rates. We are also required to pay a commitment fee for our Revolving Credit Facility on unused balances of 0.35% to 0.45% depending on our First Lien Leverage Ratio. We have pledged the assets and/or share capital of a number of our subsidiaries as collateral for our debt as of June 30, 2023.
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Senior Unsecured Notes
As of June 30, 2023, we have $548,300 in aggregate principal outstanding of our 2026 Notes, which are unsecured. We can redeem some or all of the 2026 Notes at the redemption prices specified in the indenture that governs the 2026 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, we repurchased an aggregate principal amount of $51,700, for a repurchase price of $44,994, as well as the related settlement of unpaid interest. We recognized a gain on the extinguishment of debt of $6,764, which included an immaterial write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and debt premiums.
Other Debt
Other debt consists primarily of term loans acquired through our various acquisitions or used to fund certain capital investments. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had $7,076 and $8,063, respectively, outstanding for those obligations that are payable through September 2027.
11. Shareholders' Deficit
Warrants
In conjunction with our issuance of our 12% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 in fiscal year 2020, which we subsequently redeemed in fiscal year 2021, we also issued 7-year warrants to purchase 1,055,377 ordinary shares of Cimpress, representing approximately 3.875% of our outstanding diluted ordinary shares at the time of issuance. The warrants, which currently remain outstanding, are accounted for as equity, as they are redeemable only in our own shares, with an exercise price of $60 per share. The warrants may be exercised by cash payment or through cashless exercise by the surrender of warrant shares having a value equal to the exercise price of the portion of the warrant being exercised.
The fair value used for the warrants in this allocation was calculated using the Monte Carlo valuation model. The valuation of the notes and warrants resulted in a carrying value allocated to the warrants of $22,432, which, in addition to be being accounted for as an equity instrument recorded in additional paid in capital, was included as a discount to the 12% Senior Secured Notes.
Share-based awards
On November 25, 2020, our shareholders approved our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2020 Plan. Upon approval, we ceased granting any new awards under any of our prior equity plans that had shares available for future grant, consisting of our 2016 Performance Equity Plan, 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, and 2005 Non-Employee Directors' Share Option Plan, and we now grant all equity awards under the 2020 Plan. The maximum number of ordinary shares to be issued under the 2020 Plan is 5,500,000 plus an additional number of ordinary shares equal to the number of PSUs currently outstanding under the 2016 Performance Equity Plan that expire, terminate or are otherwise surrendered, canceled, or forfeited. The 2020 Plan allows us to grant share options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, other share-based awards, and dividend equivalent rights to our employees, officers, non-employee directors, consultants, and advisors.
Our 2016 Performance Equity Plan previously allowed us to grant PSUs to our employees, officers, non-employee directors, consultants, and advisors. The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan previously allowed us to grant share options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units and other awards based on our ordinary shares to our employees, officers, non-employee directors, consultants, and advisors. Our 2005 Non-Employee Directors’ Share Option Plan previously allowed us to grant share options to our non-employee directors upon initial appointment as a director and annually thereafter in connection with our annual general meeting of shareholders if they continued to serve as a director at such time.
As of June 30, 2023, 2,201,615 ordinary shares were available for future awards under our 2020 Plan. For PSUs, we assumed that we would issue ordinary shares equal to 250% of the outstanding PSUs, which is the maximum potential share issuance. Treasury shares and newly issued shares have both historically been used in fulfillment of our share-based awards.
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Performance share units
PSU awards entitle the recipient to receive Cimpress ordinary shares between 0% and 250% of the number of units, based upon continued service to Cimpress and the achievement of a compounded annual growth rate target based on Cimpress' three-year moving average share price. Awards with a grant date prior to fiscal year 2020 and all awards granted to our Chief Executive Officer and Board of Directors will be assessed annually in years 6 - 10 following the grant date and awards with a grant date in or after fiscal year 2020 (other than to the CEO and Board) will be assessed annually in years 4 - 8 following the grant date. The fair value of the PSUs is based on a Monte Carlo simulation, and the resulting expense is recognized on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period.
A summary of our PSU activity and related information for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 is as follows:

| PSUs |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the beginning of the period | 1,359,242 |  |  | $130.61 |  |
Granted | 75,000 |  |  | 17.61 |  |
Vested and distributed | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Forfeited | (32,498) |  |  | 134.95 |  |
Outstanding at the end of the period | 1,401,744 |  |  | $124.46 |  | $ | 83,376 |

The weighted average fair value of PSUs granted during the fiscal years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $17.61, $110.28, and $129.25, respectively. The total intrinsic value of PSUs outstanding as of June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $83,376, $52,875, and $125,616, respectively. The total intrinsic value of PSUs assumes that the performance condition is met; however, it is possible that a portion or all of these PSUs will not achieve the associated performance condition. As of June 30, 2023, the number of shares subject to PSUs included in the table above assumes the issuance of one share for each PSU, but based on actual performance that amount delivered can range from zero shares to a maximum of 3,504,360 shares.
Restricted share units
The fair value of an RSU award is equal to the fair market value of our ordinary shares on the date of grant and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. RSUs generally vest over 4 years.
A summary of our RSU activity and related information for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 is as follows:

| RSUs |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Unvested at the beginning of the period | 1,038,234 |  |  | $ | 83.66 |  |  |
Granted | 1,120,951 |  |  | 44.25 |  |  |
Vested and distributed | (334,971) |  |  | 79.94 |  |  |
Forfeited | (353,921) |  |  | 63.69 |  |  |
Unvested at the end of the period | 1,470,293 |  |  | $ | 59.27 |  |  | $ | 87,453 |

The weighted average fair value of RSUs granted during the fiscal years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $44.25, $80.26, and $93.64, respectively. The total intrinsic value of RSUs vested during the fiscal years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $13,544, $10,123, and $17,231, respectively.
Share options
We have granted options to purchase ordinary shares at prices that are at least equal to the fair market value of the shares on the date the option is granted and that generally vest over 4 years with a contractual term of ten years.
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The fair value of each option award subject only to service period vesting is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Use of a valuation model requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to inputs. The expected volatility assumption is based upon historical volatility of our share price. The expected term assumption is based on the contractual and vesting term of the option and historical experience. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve with a maturity equal to the expected life assumed at the grant date. We value share options with a market condition using a lattice model with compensation expense recorded on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period.
We did not grant any share options in fiscal years 2022 or 2021. Weighted-average values used for option awards in fiscal year 2023 were as follows:

|  | Year Ended June 30,
|  | 2023
Risk-free interest rate |  | 3.06 | %
Expected dividend yield |  | — | %
Expected term (years) |  | 4.01
Expected volatility |  | 61.99 | %
Weighted average fair value of options granted |  | $ | 22.83 |

A summary of our share option activity and related information for the year ended June 30, 2023 is as follows:

| Shares Pursuant to Options |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at the beginning of the period | 5,298 |  |  | $ | 80.01 |  |  | 2.8 |  |
Granted | 436,211 |  |  | 45.94 |  |  |  |
Exercised | (7,073) |  |  | 46.20 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/expired | (46,989) |  |  | 46.20 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at the end of the period | 387,447 |  |  | 46.37 |  |  | 9.0 |  | $ | 5,189 |
Exercisable at the end of the period | 98,591 |  |  | $ | 48.02 |  |  | 8.6 |  | $ | 1,239 |

The intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax amount, net of exercise price, which would have been received if all option holders exercised in-the-money options on June 30, 2023. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2021 was $41 and $5,460, respectively, while no options were exercised during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022.
Share-based compensation
Total share-based compensation costs were $42,122, $49,766, and $37,034 for the years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and we recognize the impact of forfeitures as they occur. Share-based compensation costs capitalized as part of software and website development costs were $1,879, $1,221, and $1,338 for the years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, there was $77,410 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested, share-based compensation arrangements. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years.
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12. Employees' Savings Plans
Defined contribution plans
We maintain certain government-mandated and defined contribution plans throughout the world. Our most significant defined contribution retirement plans are in the U.S. and comply with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. We offer eligible employees in the U.S. the opportunity to participate in one of these plans and match most employees' eligible contributions at various rates subject to service vesting as specified in each of the related plan documents. As part of the cost reduction measures taken in response to the pandemic, the matching program was temporarily suspended from March 2020 through December 31, 2020 and was reinstated on January 1, 2021.
We expensed $16,061, $16,157, and $12,228 for our government-mandated and defined contribution plans in the years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Defined benefit plan
We currently have a defined benefit plan that covers substantially all of our employees in Switzerland. Our Swiss plan is a government-mandated retirement fund with benefits generally earned based on years of service and compensation during active employment; however, the level of benefits varies within the plan. Eligibility is determined in accordance with local statutory requirements. Under this plan, both we and certain employees with annual earnings in excess of government determined amounts are required to make contributions into a fund managed by an independent investment fiduciary. Employer contributions must be in an amount at least equal to the employee’s contribution. Minimum employee contributions are based on the respective employee’s age, salary, and gender. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the plan had an unfunded net pension obligation of approximately $1,134 and $1,173, respectively, and plan assets, which totaled approximately $5,497 and $4,754, respectively. For the years ended June 30 2023, 2022, and 2021 we recognized expense totaling $282, $537, and $667, respectively, related to our Swiss plan.
13. Income Taxes
The following is a summary of our (loss) income before income taxes by geography:

| Year Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
U.S. | $ | (35,508) |  |  | $ | (7,299) |  |  | $ | 2,689 |
Non-U.S. | 5,286 |  |  | 16,630 |  |  | (66,243) |
Total | $ | (30,222) |  |  | $ | 9,331 |  |  | $ | (63,554) |

The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows:

| Year Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Federal | $ | 1,634 |  |  | $ | 526 |  |  | $ | (93) |
U.S. State | 769 |  |  | 568 |  |  | 546 |
Non-U.S. | 39,792 |  |  | 36,932 |  |  | 28,205 |
Total current | 42,195 |  |  | 38,026 |  |  | 28,658 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Federal | 3,522 |  |  | (3,566) |  |  | (1,573) |
U.S. State | 465 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (31) |
Non-U.S. | 109,311 |  |  | 25,429 |  |  | (8,151) |
Total deferred | 113,298 |  |  | 21,875 |  |  | (9,755) |
Total | $ | 155,493 |  |  | $ | 59,901 |  |  | $ | 18,903 |

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The following is a reconciliation of the standard U.S. federal statutory tax rate and our effective tax rate:

| Year Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
State taxes, net of federal effect | 3.7 |  |  | (11.1) |  |  | 3.1 |
Tax rate differential on non-U.S. earnings | (52.5) |  |  | 97.1 |  |  | (20.3) |
Change in valuation allowance | (457.2) |  |  | 363.7 |  |  | (27.2) |
Nondeductible interest expense | (30.2) |  |  | 52.7 |  |  | (18.6) |
Change in entity status | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Compensation related items | (13.7) |  |  | 21.9 |  |  | 0.2 |
Goodwill impairment | (4.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Irish foreign tax credit | 21.4 |  |  | (46.8) |  |  | 8.8 |
Tax on repatriated earnings | (15.0) |  |  | 39.2 |  |  | (3.9) |
Gain on the extinguishment of debt | 2.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Notional interest deduction (Italy) | 2.6 |  |  | (8.8) |  |  | 1.4 |
Patent box (Italy) | (1.5) |  |  | (12.0) |  |  | — |
Tax credits and incentives | 24.1 |  |  | (23.7) |  |  | 4.2 |
Non-U.S. tax rate changes | (1.1) |  |  | 57.6 |  |  | 1.2 |
Irish tax restructuring | — |  |  | (13.4) |  |  | — |
U.S. global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) | — |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | (0.3) |
U.S. foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) | 2.7 |  |  | (6.8) |  |  | — |
U.S. base erosion and anti-abuse tax (BEAT) | (2.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net tax benefit on intellectual property transfer | 1.0 |  |  | (10.4) |  |  | — |
Tax loss carryforward expirations | (5.1) |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | (0.5) |
Business and withholding taxes | (1.2) |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | (0.4) |
Uncertain tax positions | (10.5) |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | (1.0) |
Other non-deductible expenses | (6.0) |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 0.5 |
Tax on unremitted earnings | (1.6) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.9) |
Changes to derivative instruments | 3.1 |  |  | 73.5 |  |  | 0.1 |
Other | 0.9 |  |  | (14.9) |  |  | 2.9 |
Effective income tax rate | (514.5) | % |  | 642.0 | % |  | (29.7) | %

For the year ended June 30, 2023, our effective tax rate was below our U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily due to establishing a full valuation allowance on Swiss deferred tax assets of $116,694 related to Swiss tax reform benefits recognized in fiscal year 2020 and Swiss tax loss carryforwards. Management concluded in the second quarter of this fiscal year that based on current period results at that time, objective and verifiable negative evidence of recent losses in Switzerland outweighed more subjective positive evidence of anticipated future income. In addition, we had non-deductible interest expense and losses in certain jurisdictions for which we cannot recognize a tax benefit. The jurisdictions that have the most significant impact to our non-U.S. tax provision include Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland. The applicable tax rates in these jurisdictions range from 11% to 30%. The total tax rate impact from operating in non-U.S. jurisdictions is included in the line “Tax rate differential on non-U.S. earnings” in the above tax rate reconciliation table.
For the year ended June 30, 2023, our effective tax rate was (514.5)% as compared to the prior year effective tax rate of 642.0%. The decrease in our effective tax rate as compared to the prior year is primarily due a pre-tax loss for the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to pre-tax income in the year ended June 30, 2022. During the year ended June 30, 2023 we recognized tax expense of $116,694 to establish a full valuation allowance in Switzerland as compared to tax expense of $29,600 in the year ended June 30, 2022 to establish a partial valuation allowance in Switzerland. Our fiscal year 2022 effective tax rate was higher than fiscal year 2021 primarily due to establishing a partial valuation allowance in Switzerland.
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As of June 30, 2023, we recorded a deferred tax asset of $131,472 related to Swiss tax-amortizable goodwill, which we can benefit from during fiscal year 2025 through fiscal year 2030 under our Swiss tax ruling. During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Swiss tax-amortizable goodwill deferred tax asset increased $7,579 due to currency exchange rate changes.
Significant components of our deferred income tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and 2022:

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Swiss tax-amortizable goodwill | $ | 131,472 |  |  | $ | 123,893 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | 75,643 |  |  | 71,820 |
Leases | 30,364 |  |  | 24,952 |
Depreciation and amortization | 8,289 |  |  | 3,736 |
Accrued expenses | 15,335 |  |  | 12,244 |
Share-based compensation | 16,920 |  |  | 16,090 |
Credit and other carryforwards | 58,790 |  |  | 47,405 |
Other | 4,469 |  |  | 1,120 |
Subtotal | 341,282 |  |  | 301,260 |
Valuation allowance | (277,976) |  |  | (134,660) |
Total deferred tax assets | 63,306 |  |  | 166,600 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | (37,572) |  |  | (32,595) |
Leases | (27,392) |  |  | (21,049) |
Investment in flow-through entity | — |  |  | (7,031) |
Tax on unremitted earnings | (7,221) |  |  | (6,692) |
Derivative financial instruments | (17,091) |  |  | (19,703) |
Other | (8,641) |  |  | (7,584) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (97,917) |  |  | (94,654) |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | (34,611) |  |  | $ | 71,946 |

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The increase in the valuation allowance from the prior year relates primarily to the Swiss full valuation allowance and losses in certain jurisdictions (mainly Brazil, Japan, the Netherlands, Ireland, and the United Kingdom) for which management has determined we cannot recognize the related deferred tax assets. Also, we generated $4,202 of Irish foreign tax credit carryforwards and increased tax effected interest limitation carryforwards of $7,365 in various jurisdictions, neither of which expire, but for which management has determined it is more likely than not that these will not be utilized. The increase in valuation allowance was offset by the release of valuation allowances related to the exit of our YSD business of $3,224.
We have recorded a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of $22,583 and $131,472 related to Swiss tax losses and the Swiss tax-amortizable goodwill, respectively. In addition, we have recorded valuation allowances of $28,744, $5,123, and $14,768 against deferred tax assets related to U.S. research and development credits, U.S. capital loss carryforwards, and U.S. share-based compensation, respectively, for which management has determined that it is more likely than not that these will not be realized.
Based on the weight of available evidence at June 30, 2023, management believes that it is more likely than not that all other net deferred tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future. We will continue to assess the realization of the deferred tax assets based on operating results on a quarterly basis.
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A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the valuation allowance for the year ended June 30, 2023 is as follows:

Balance at June 30, 2022 | $ | 134,660 |
Charges to earnings (1) | 138,143 |
Charges to other accounts (2) | 5,173 |
Balance at June 30, 2023 | $ | 277,976 |

_________________
(1) Amount is primarily related to full Swiss valuation allowance, increased non-U.S. net operating losses, increased Irish foreign tax credits, and increased interest limitation carryforwards.
(2) Amount is primarily related to increased Swiss tax-amortizable goodwill deferred tax asset and deferred tax assets on non-U.S. net operating losses due to currency exchange rate changes offset by unrealized gains on derivative financial instruments included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
As of June 30, 2023, we had gross U.S. federal and apportioned state net operating losses of $2,348 and $30,281, respectively, that expire on various dates from fiscal year 2024 through fiscal year 2043 or with unlimited carryforward. We also had gross non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of $564,818, a significant amount of which begin to expire in fiscal year 2024, with the remaining amounts expiring on various dates from fiscal year 2024 through fiscal year 2032 or having unlimited carryforward. In addition, we had $33,854 of tax credit carryforwards primarily related to U.S. federal and state research and development credits, which expire on various dates beginning in fiscal year 2030 or having unlimited carryforward. We also had $22,778, $6,130, and $1,048 of U.S. federal, apportioned U.S. state, and non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards, respectively. The U.S. capital losses expire in fiscal years 2025 through 2027 and the non-U.S. capital losses have unlimited carryforward. Lastly, we had $12,535 of Irish foreign tax credits with unlimited carryforward. The benefits of these carryforwards are dependent upon the generation of taxable income in the jurisdictions in which they arose.
We consider the following factors, among others, in evaluating our plans for indefinite reinvestment of our subsidiaries’ earnings: (i) the forecasts, budgets, and financial requirements of both our parent company and its subsidiaries, both for the long term and for the short term; (ii) the ability of Cimpress plc to fund its operations and obligations with earnings from other businesses within the global group without incurring substantial tax costs; and (iii) the tax consequences of any decision to reinvest earnings of any subsidiary. As of June 30, 2023, no tax provision has been made for $56,294 of undistributed earnings of certain of our subsidiaries as these earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested. If, in the future, we decide to repatriate the undistributed earnings from these subsidiaries in the form of dividends or otherwise, we could be subject to withholding taxes payable in the range of $13,000 to $14,000 at that time. A cumulative deferred tax liability of $7,221 has been recorded attributable to undistributed earnings that we have deemed are not indefinitely reinvested. The remaining undistributed earnings of our subsidiaries are not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested and can be repatriated with no tax cost. Accordingly, there has been no provision for income or withholding taxes on these earnings.
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A reconciliation of the gross beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance June 30, 2020 | $ | 5,847 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current tax year | 448 |
Additions based on tax positions related to prior tax years | 7,448 |
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior tax years | (51) |
Reductions due to audit settlements | (83) |
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (229) |
Cumulative translation adjustment | 19 |
Balance June 30, 2021 | 13,399 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current tax year | 448 |
Additions based on tax positions related to prior tax years | 2,958 |
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior tax years | (23) |
Reductions due to audit settlements | (2,958) |
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (799) |
Cumulative translation adjustment | (29) |
Balance June 30, 2022 | 12,996 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current tax year | 2,167 |
Additions based on tax positions related to prior tax years | 770 |
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior tax years | (62) |
Reductions due to audit settlements | — |
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations | (225) |
Cumulative translation adjustment | (22) |
Balance June 30, 2023 | $ | 15,624 |

For the year ended June 30, 2023, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits (exclusive of interest) that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate is $8,518. We recognize interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The interest and penalties recognized as of years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were $1,924, $1,383, and $1,014, respectively. It is reasonably possible that a further change in unrecognized tax benefits in the range of $910 to $960 may occur within the next twelve months related to the settlement of one or more audits or the lapse of applicable statutes of limitations. We believe we have appropriately provided for all tax uncertainties.
We conduct business in a number of tax jurisdictions and, as such, are required to file income tax returns in multiple jurisdictions globally. The years 2016 through 2023 remain open for examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and the years 2015 through 2023 remain open for examination in the various states and non-U.S. tax jurisdictions in which we file tax returns.
We are currently under income tax audit in certain jurisdictions globally. We believe that our income tax reserves are adequately maintained taking into consideration both the technical merits of our tax return positions and ongoing developments in our income tax audits. However, the final determination of our tax return positions, if audited, is uncertain, and therefore there is a possibility that final resolution of these matters could have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.
14. Noncontrolling Interests
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
For some of our subsidiaries, we own a controlling equity stake, and a third party or key members of the business management team own a minority portion of the equity. The put options for several of our noncontrolling interests were exercised during the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 as summarized below. In addition to the noncontrolling interests described below, we also have several less significant minority interests that span multiple businesses and reportable segments.
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PrintBrothers
Members of the PrintBrothers management team hold minority equity interests in several businesses within the reportable segment. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, put options were exercised by the minority interest holders for a portion of their equity interests that required us to purchase 10% to 11% in three of the respective businesses for a total of $90,841. The exercise of the put options triggered a mandatory redemption feature for the remaining minority equity interests, which requires the purchase of the remaining 1% equity interests on the third anniversary of the put option exercise, absent the earlier exercise of a call option on the first or second anniversaries by Cimpress. The remaining noncontrolling interests are mandatorily redeemable, which required the reclassification of the remaining equity interests to a liability, which has been presented in other liabilities within our consolidated balance sheet.
The following table presents the reconciliation of changes in our noncontrolling interests:

| Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest | Noncontrolling Interest
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | 71,120 |  | $ | — |
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest (1) | 4,453 |  | — |
Accretion to redemption value (2) | 61,962 |  | — |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 3,761 |  | — |
Distribution to noncontrolling interests (3) | (3,963) |  | — |
Purchase of noncontrolling interest (4) | (2,165) |  | — |
Foreign currency translation | (3,685) |  | — |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 131,483 |  | — |
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest (1) | — |  | 365 |
Accretion to redemption value (2) | (7,236) |  | — |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 180 |  | 83 |
Distribution to noncontrolling interests (3) | (3,652) |  | — |
Purchase of noncontrolling interest (4) | (95,567) |  | — |
Reclassification to mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (5) | (9,582) |  | — |
Foreign currency translation | (4,733) |  | 11 |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 10,893 |  | $ | 459 |

_________________
(1) During fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we acquired the majority equity interests in two separate immaterial businesses within our PrintBrothers reportable segment.
(2) Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests to redemption value recognized in retained earnings is the result of changes in the estimated redemption amount to the extent increases do not exceed the estimated fair value.
(3) Distributions to noncontrolling interests include contractually required profit sharing payments made annually to the minority interest holders in one of the PrintBrothers businesses.
(4) As discussed above, we purchased an additional 10% to 11% of the equity interests in three PrintBrothers businesses during the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, as well as the 1% minority interest in our BuildASign business. In fiscal year 2022, we paid the final redemption amount to one minority equity interest holder in our PrintBrothers businesses, which we agreed to purchase in fiscal year 2021.
(5) During the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, the minority equity interest holders of three PrintBrothers businesses exercised a put option that triggered a mandatory redemption feature for the remaining minority equity interests. The remaining minority equity interests were reclassified to mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests, as part of other liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets. Refer above for additional information regarding the transaction and Note 9 for additional details about the reclassified liability balance.
15. Segment Information
Our operating segments are based upon the manner in which our operations are managed and the availability of separate financial information reported internally to the Chief Executive Officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) for purposes of making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance.
As of June 30, 2023, we have numerous operating segments under our management reporting structure, which are reported in the following five reportable segments:
•Vista - Vista is the parent brand of multiple offerings including VistaPrint, VistaCreate, Depositphotos, 99designs by Vista, and Vista Corporate Solutions, which together represent a full-service design, digital and print solution, elevating small businesses’ presence in physical and digital spaces and empowering them to achieve success.
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•PrintBrothers - Consists of three of our Upload & Print businesses, which includes druck.at, Printdeal, and WIRmachenDRUCK that primarily serve customers in Austria, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
•The Print Group - Includes our Easyflyer, Exaprint, Pixartprinting, and Tradeprint businesses, which are Upload & Print businesses that primarily serve customers in France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
•National Pen - Includes the global operations of our National Pen business, which manufactures and markets custom writing instruments and promotional products, apparel, and gifts.
•All Other Businesses - Includes a collection of businesses grouped together based on materiality. In addition to BuildASign, which is a larger and profitable business, the All Other Businesses reportable segment includes one smaller business that we continue to manage at a relatively modest operating loss and a recently acquired company that provides production expertise and sells into a growing product category.
◦BuildASign is an internet-based provider of canvas-print wall décor, business signage, and other large-format printed products, based in Austin, Texas.
◦Printi is an online printing leader in Brazil, which offers a superior customer experience with transparent and attractive pricing, reliable service and quality.
◦We exited our YSD business, which was included in this reportable segment, during fiscal year 2023.
Central and corporate costs consist primarily of the team of software engineers that is building our mass customization platform; shared service organizations such as global procurement; technology services such as hosting and security; administrative costs of our Cimpress India offices where numerous Cimpress businesses have dedicated business-specific team members; and corporate functions including our tax, treasury, internal audit, legal, sustainability, corporate communications, remote first enablement, consolidated reporting and compliance, investor relations, capital allocation, and the functions of our CEO and CFO. These costs also include certain unallocated share-based compensation costs.
The expense value of our PSU awards is based on a Monte Carlo fair value analysis and is required to be expensed on an accelerated basis. In order to ensure comparability in measuring our businesses' results, we allocate the straight-line portion of the fixed grant value to our businesses. Any expense in excess of the amount as a result of the fair value measurement of the PSUs and the accelerated expense profile of the awards is recognized within central and corporate costs.
Our definition of segment EBITDA is GAAP operating income excluding certain items, such as depreciation and amortization, expense recognized for contingent earn-out related charges including the changes in fair value of contingent consideration and compensation expense related to cash-based earn-out mechanisms dependent upon continued employment, share-based compensation related to investment consideration, certain impairment expense, and restructuring charges. We include insurance proceeds that are not recognized within operating income. We do not allocate non-operating income, including realized gains and losses on currency hedges, to our segment results.
Our balance sheet information is not presented to the CODM on an allocated basis, and therefore we do not present asset information by segment. We do present other segment information to the CODM, which includes purchases of property, plant and equipment and capitalization of software and website development costs, and therefore include that information in the tables below.
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Revenue by segment is based on the business-specific websites or sales channel through which the customer’s order was transacted. The following tables set forth revenue by reportable segment, as well as disaggregation of revenue by major geographic region and reportable segment.

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vista |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,613,887 |  |  | $ | 1,514,909 |  |  | $ | 1,428,255 |
PrintBrothers |  |  |  |  | 578,431 |  |  | 526,952 |  |  | 421,766 |
The Print Group |  |  |  |  | 346,949 |  |  | 329,590 |  |  | 275,534 |
National Pen |  |  |  |  | 366,294 |  |  | 341,832 |  |  | 313,528 |
All Other Businesses |  |  |  |  | 213,455 |  |  | 205,862 |  |  | 192,038 |
Total segment revenue |  |  |  |  | 3,119,016 |  |  | 2,919,145 |  |  | 2,631,121 |
Inter-segment eliminations (1) |  |  |  |  | (39,389) |  |  | (31,590) |  |  | (55,160) |
Total consolidated revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,079,627 |  |  | $ | 2,887,555 |  |  | $ | 2,575,961 |

_____________________
(1) Refer to the "Revenue by Geographic Region" tables below for detail of the inter-segment revenue within each respective segment. The decrease of inter-segment eliminations is the result of significant cross-business transactions during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 associated with the fulfillment of masks in response to the pandemic. Demand for this product was far lower in the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

| Year Ended June 30, 2023
| Vista |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 1,155,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 216,690 |  |  | $ | 181,145 |  |  | $ | 1,552,835 |
Europe | 366,244 |  |  | 576,719 |  |  | 337,012 |  |  | 122,007 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,401,982 |
Other | 91,066 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,772 |  |  | 25,972 |  |  | 124,810 |
Inter-segment | 1,577 |  |  | 1,712 |  |  | 9,937 |  |  | 19,825 |  |  | 6,338 |  |  | 39,389 |
Total segment revenue | 1,613,887 |  |  | 578,431 |  |  | 346,949 |  |  | 366,294 |  |  | 213,455 |  |  | 3,119,016 |
Less: inter-segment elimination | (1,577) |  |  | (1,712) |  |  | (9,937) |  |  | (19,825) |  |  | (6,338) |  |  | (39,389) |
Total external revenue | $ | 1,612,310 |  |  | $ | 576,719 |  |  | $ | 337,012 |  |  | $ | 346,469 |  |  | $ | 207,117 |  |  | $ | 3,079,627 |

| Year Ended June 30, 2022
| Vista (1) |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 1,063,390 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 193,056 |  |  | $ | 177,868 |  |  | $ | 1,402,222 |
Europe | 353,275 |  |  | 525,224 |  |  | 322,315 |  |  | 113,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,304,175 |
Other | 94,874 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,058 |  |  | 23,675 |  |  | 181,158 |
Inter-segment | 3,370 |  |  | 1,728 |  |  | 7,275 |  |  | 14,898 |  |  | 4,319 |  |  | 31,590 |
Total segment revenue | 1,514,909 |  |  | 526,952 |  |  | 329,590 |  |  | 341,832 |  |  | 205,862 |  |  | 2,919,145 |
Less: inter-segment elimination | (3,370) |  |  | (1,728) |  |  | (7,275) |  |  | (14,898) |  |  | (4,319) |  |  | (31,590) |
Total external revenue | $ | 1,511,539 |  |  | $ | 525,224 |  |  | $ | 322,315 |  |  | $ | 326,934 |  |  | $ | 201,543 |  |  | $ | 2,887,555 |

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| Year Ended June 30, 2021
| Vista (1) |  | PrintBrothers |  | The Print Group |  | National Pen |  | All Other |  | Total
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America | $ | 984,910 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 154,857 |  |  | $ | 171,398 |  |  | $ | 1,281,535 |
Europe | 354,546 |  |  | 420,946 |  |  | 258,230 |  |  | 106,004 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,135,450 |
Other | 86,461 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,762 |  |  | 17,847 |  |  | 158,976 |
Inter-segment | 2,338 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 17,304 |  |  | 31,905 |  |  | 2,793 |  |  | 55,160 |
Total segment revenue | 1,428,255 |  |  | 421,766 |  |  | 275,534 |  |  | 313,528 |  |  | 192,038 |  |  | 2,631,121 |
Less: inter-segment elimination | (2,338) |  |  | (820) |  |  | (17,304) |  |  | (31,905) |  |  | (2,793) |  |  | (55,160) |
Total external revenue | $ | 1,425,917 |  |  | $ | 420,946 |  |  | $ | 258,230 |  |  | $ | 281,623 |  |  | $ | 189,245 |  |  | $ | 2,575,961 |

__________________
(1) During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, we identified an immaterial error in our previously disclosed revenue by geographic area for our Vista reportable segment for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, which understated revenue in North America and Europe, with an offsetting overstatement in the Other geographies. We have corrected the disclosed figures as included herein.
The following table includes segment EBITDA by reportable segment, total income from operations, and total (loss) income before income taxes:

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Segment EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vista |  |  |  |  | $ | 224,081 |  |  | $ | 195,321 |  |  | $ | 318,684 |
PrintBrothers |  |  |  |  | 70,866 |  |  | 66,774 |  |  | 43,144 |
The Print Group |  |  |  |  | 60,089 |  |  | 58,664 |  |  | 43,126 |
National Pen |  |  |  |  | 23,714 |  |  | 26,845 |  |  | 11,644 |
All Other Businesses |  |  |  |  | 25,215 |  |  | 23,227 |  |  | 31,707 |
Total segment EBITDA |  |  |  |  | 403,965 |  |  | 370,831 |  |  | 448,305 |
Central and corporate costs |  |  |  |  | (133,539) |  |  | (143,958) |  |  | (129,367) |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | (162,428) |  |  | (175,681) |  |  | (173,212) |
Proceeds from insurance |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (122) |
Certain impairments and other adjustments |  |  |  |  | (6,932) |  |  | 9,709 |  |  | (20,453) |
Restructuring-related charges |  |  |  |  | (43,757) |  |  | (13,603) |  |  | (1,641) |
Total income from operations |  |  |  |  | 57,309 |  |  | 47,298 |  |  | 123,510 |
Other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  | 18,498 |  |  | 61,463 |  |  | (19,353) |
Interest expense, net |  |  |  |  | (112,793) |  |  | (99,430) |  |  | (119,368) |
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  | 6,764 |  |  | — |  |  | (48,343) |
(Loss) income before income taxes |  |  |  |  | $ | (30,222) |  |  | $ | 9,331 |  |  | $ | (63,554) |

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vista |  |  |  |  | $ | 58,464 |  |  | $ | 65,489 |  |  | $ | 58,513 |
PrintBrothers |  |  |  |  | 18,135 |  |  | 20,790 |  |  | 22,089 |
The Print Group |  |  |  |  | 22,810 |  |  | 25,657 |  |  | 27,066 |
National Pen |  |  |  |  | 21,366 |  |  | 24,261 |  |  | 25,123 |
All Other Businesses |  |  |  |  | 17,694 |  |  | 18,536 |  |  | 19,811 |
Central and corporate costs |  |  |  |  | 23,959 |  |  | 20,948 |  |  | 20,610 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | $ | 162,428 |  |  | $ | 175,681 |  |  | $ | 173,212 |

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|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vista |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,604 |  |  | $ | 17,198 |  |  | $ | 12,332 |
PrintBrothers |  |  |  |  | 4,422 |  |  | 3,788 |  |  | 3,609 |
The Print Group |  |  |  |  | 19,683 |  |  | 19,877 |  |  | 11,847 |
National Pen |  |  |  |  | 6,003 |  |  | 4,332 |  |  | 3,603 |
All Other Businesses |  |  |  |  | 4,793 |  |  | 7,027 |  |  | 5,466 |
Central and corporate costs |  |  |  |  | 1,267 |  |  | 1,818 |  |  | 1,667 |
Total purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  | $ | 53,772 |  |  | $ | 54,040 |  |  | $ | 38,524 |

|  |  | Year Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Capitalization of software and website development costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vista |  |  |  |  | $ | 22,559 |  |  | $ | 30,994 |  |  | $ | 28,297 |
PrintBrothers |  |  |  |  | 2,010 |  |  | 1,139 |  |  | 1,465 |
The Print Group |  |  |  |  | 2,997 |  |  | 2,419 |  |  | 1,603 |
National Pen |  |  |  |  | 2,913 |  |  | 3,390 |  |  | 3,115 |
All Other Businesses |  |  |  |  | 4,299 |  |  | 4,097 |  |  | 3,746 |
Central and corporate costs |  |  |  |  | 23,009 |  |  | 23,258 |  |  | 22,711 |
Total capitalization of software and website development costs |  |  |  |  | $ | 57,787 |  |  | $ | 65,297 |  |  | $ | 60,937 |

Enterprise Wide Disclosures:
The following table sets forth revenues by significant geographic area:

| Year Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 (1) |  | 2021 (1)
United States | $ | 1,407,691 |  |  | $ | 1,320,347 |  |  | $ | 1,226,606 |
Germany | 460,516 |  |  | 420,041 |  |  | 353,253 |
Other (2) | 1,211,420 |  |  | 1,147,167 |  |  | 996,102 |
Total revenue | $ | 3,079,627 |  |  | $ | 2,887,555 |  |  | $ | 2,575,961 |

__________________
(1) During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023, we identified an immaterial error in our previously disclosed revenue by geographic area for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, which understated revenue in the United States and Germany, with an offsetting overstatement in the Other geographies. We have corrected the disclosed figures as included herein.
(2) Our other revenue includes Ireland, our country of domicile.
The following table sets forth revenues by groups of similar products and services:

| Year Ended June 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Physical printed products and other (1) | $ | 2,990,041 |  |  | $ | 2,789,600 |  |  | $ | 2,477,158 |
Digital products and services | 89,586 |  |  | 97,955 |  |  | 98,803 |
Total revenue | $ | 3,079,627 |  |  | $ | 2,887,555 |  |  | $ | 2,575,961 |

__________________
(1) Other revenue includes miscellaneous items, which account for less than 1% of revenue.
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The following table sets forth long-lived assets by geographic area:

| June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Long-lived assets (1): |  |  |
United States (2) | $ | 83,956 |  |  | $ | 95,589 |
Netherlands | 65,547 |  |  | 67,240 |
Canada | 57,328 |  |  | 58,498 |
Switzerland | 73,857 |  |  | 72,394 |
Italy | 42,377 |  |  | 48,262 |
France | 29,302 |  |  | 25,383 |
Jamaica | 17,834 |  |  | 18,744 |
Australia | 19,664 |  |  | 17,751 |
Japan (3) | — |  |  | 11,392 |
Other | 114,503 |  |  | 90,677 |
Total | $ | 504,368 |  |  | $ | 505,930 |

___________________
(1) Excludes goodwill of $781,541 and $766,600, intangible assets, net of $109,196 and $154,730, deferred tax assets of $12,740 and $113,088, and marketable securities, non-current of $4,497 and zero as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.
(2) The decrease of the United States long-lived assets is primarily driven by the termination of our Waltham, MA lease in August 2022 that resulted in a reduction to the operating lease asset and related leasehold improvements.
(3) The decrease in Japan's long-lived assets is due to the planned sale of the land and building, which resulted in the classification of the carrying value as prepaid expenses and other current assets because it meets held-for-sale criteria as of June 30, 2023. Refer to Note 18 for additional details.
16. Leases
We lease certain machinery and plant equipment, office space, and production and warehouse facilities under non-cancelable operating leases that expire on various dates through 2037. Our finance leases primarily relate to machinery and plant equipment. Over the past three years, we continually assessed our leased real estate footprint as a facet of our evolving remote-first operating model for many of our employees, which resulted in a decrease to our leased real estate portfolio over this period of time.
The following table presents the classification of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

Leases |  | Consolidated Balance Sheet Classification |  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating right-of-use assets |  | Operating lease assets, net |  | $ | 76,776 |  |  | $ | 80,694 |
Finance right-of-use assets |  | Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | 30,616 |  |  | 19,181 |
Total lease assets |  |  |  | $ | 107,392 |  |  | $ | 99,875 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities |  | Operating lease liabilities, current |  | $ | 22,559 |  |  | $ | 27,706 |
Finance lease liabilities |  | Other current liabilities |  | 9,938 |  |  | 6,684 |
Non-current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities |  | Operating lease liabilities, non-current |  | 56,668 |  |  | 57,474 |
Finance lease liabilities |  | Other liabilities |  | 29,822 |  |  | 14,699 |
Total lease liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 118,987 |  |  | $ | 106,563 |

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The following table represents the lease expenses for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

|  | Year Ended
|  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Operating lease expense |  | $ | 30,240 |  |  | $ | 26,975 |
Finance lease expense: |  |  |  |
Amortization of finance lease assets |  | 4,565 |  |  | 5,892 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 205 |  |  | 305 |
Variable lease expense |  | 6,821 |  |  | 7,550 |
Less: sublease income |  | (833) |  |  | (86) |
Net operating and finance lease cost |  | $ | 40,998 |  |  | $ | 40,636 |

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable leases as of June 30, 2023 were as follows:

Payments Due by Period | Operating lease obligations |  | Finance lease obligations |  | Total lease obligations
Less than 1 year | $ | 24,159 |  |  | $ | 10,904 |  |  | $ | 35,063 |
2 years | 19,464 |  |  | 6,080 |  |  | 25,544 |
3 years | 13,466 |  |  | 6,072 |  |  | 19,538 |
4 years | 8,998 |  |  | 4,364 |  |  | 13,362 |
5 years | 5,991 |  |  | 2,482 |  |  | 8,473 |
Thereafter | 16,990 |  |  | 13,310 |  |  | 30,300 |
Total | 89,068 |  |  | 43,212 |  |  | 132,280 |
Less: present value discount | (9,841) |  |  | (3,452) |  |  | (13,293) |
Lease liability | $ | 79,227 |  |  | $ | 39,760 |  |  | $ | 118,987 |

Other information about leases is as follows:

Lease Term and Discount Rate |  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years): |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | 5.74 |  | 4.32
Finance leases |  | 8.69 |  | 3.89
Weighted-average discount rate: |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | 5.20 | % |  | 3.71 | %
Finance leases |  | 6.23 | % |  | 2.79 | %

Our leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 15 years, inclusive of renewal or termination options that we are reasonably certain to exercise.

|  | Year Ended
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |  | June 30, 2023 |  | June 30, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 31,161 |  |  | $ | 26,641 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  | 205 |  |  | 305 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases (1) |  | 8,290 |  |  | 37,512 |

__________________
(1) The decrease in financing cash flows from finance leases is driven by the non-recurring purchase option exercise for a leased facility in fiscal year 2022, with the purchased facility being subsequently sold. Refer to additional details below.
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Purchase and Sale of a Leased Facility
During fiscal year 2022, we paid $27,885 to exercise the purchase option available for one of our leased facilities, immediately sold the facility to a separate third party for $23,226, and recognized a $3,324 gain on the sale within general and administrative expense on our consolidated statement of operations. The purchase option exercise was presented as a financing activity on our consolidated statement of cash flows while the sale of the facility was presented as an investing activity. Prior to the purchase and sale, as required under our long-lived asset policy, we identified a triggering event in fiscal year 2021 for this leased facility and abandoned equipment, which resulted in impairment charges of $7,420 and $1,680, respectively, that were recognized in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations.
Waltham Lease Modification
During fiscal year 2021, we modified the lease agreement for our Waltham, Massachusetts office location, which resulted in us retaining a small portion of the previously leased office space in exchange for a reduction to our monthly rent payments for the space we no longer lease and the payment of an early termination fee of $8,761. Due to the partial termination of the lease, we recognized a gain of $1,156 in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2021. As required under our long-lived asset policy, we identified a triggering event with regards to the modified right-of-use asset and abandoned property, plant and equipment related to the vacated space, which resulted in impairments of $7,489 and $4,483, respectively, which were recognized in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2021.
17. Commitments and Contingencies
Debt
The required principal payments due during the next five fiscal years and thereafter under our outstanding long-term debt obligations at June 30, 2023 are as follows:

2024 | $ | 14,063 |
2025 | 14,187 |
2026 | 560,317 |
2027 | 11,613 |
2028 | 1,053,809 |
Total | $ | 1,653,989 |

Purchase Obligations
At June 30, 2023, we had unrecorded commitments under contract of $222,860. These commitments consist of inventory, third-party fulfillment, and digital services of $100,327; third-party cloud services of $74,912; software of $13,678; advertising of $10,070; professional and consulting fees of $6,245; production and computer equipment purchases of $3,853; and other commitments of $13,775.
Lease Arrangements
We lease certain assets, including manufacturing facilities, machinery and plant equipment, and office space under lease agreements. Refer to Note 16 for additional details.
Other Obligations
In February 2023, we made a $6,875 deferred payment for our Depositphotos acquisition, resulting in no outstanding acquisition-related deferred liabilities as of June 30, 2023.
Legal Proceedings
We are not currently party to any material legal proceedings. Although we cannot predict with certainty the results of litigation and claims to which we may be subject from time to time, we do not expect the resolution of any
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of our current matters to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position. For all legal matters, at each reporting period, we evaluate whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. We expense the costs relating to our legal proceedings as those costs are incurred.
18. Restructuring Charges
Restructuring costs include employee termination benefits, acceleration of share-based compensation, write-off of assets, costs to exit loss-making operations, and other related costs, including third-party professional and outplacement services. All restructuring costs are excluded from segment and adjusted EBITDA. During the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we recognized restructuring charges of $43,757, $13,603, and $1,641, respectively.
Fiscal Year 2023
During the year ended June 30, 2023, we recognized restructuring charges of $43,757. The majority of these costs related to actions taken in our Vista business and central teams during March 2023 that were intended to reduce costs and support expanded profitability, reduced leverage, and increased speed, focus, and accountability. For the year ended June 30, 2023, we recognized restructuring charges of $28,840 and $9,645 in our Vista business and central and corporate costs, respectively, which collectively included $30,175 from the March action described above. The remaining restructuring charges relate to prior actions taken to prioritize our investments, including our exit from the Japanese market. Most of these costs related to employee termination benefits, and, to a lesser extent, share-based compensation expense for the accelerated vesting of equity awards as well as third-party consulting costs. A portion of the restructuring charge in our Vista business included the impairment of assets from our exit of the Japanese market of $5,397.
We also recognized restructuring charges of $1,715 in our National Pen business for the year ended June 30, 2023, which included employee termination benefits for previously announced actions to exit the Japanese market and to migrate our European production operations from Ireland to the Czech Republic. Additionally, we recognized restructuring costs of $3,556 for the year ended June 30, 2023 in our All Other Businesses reportable segment for our previously announced exit from the Chinese market, which included employee termination benefits and the write-off of certain assets.
We do not expect any additional material charges for these restructuring actions.
Fiscal Year 2022
During the year ended June 30, 2022, we recognized restructuring charges of $13,603, primarily due to decisions to reduce costs in certain areas including exiting operations in Japan and China, while also taking additional headcount actions in our Vista business and in our central technology team. During the year ended June 30, 2022, we recognized restructuring expense related to these actions of $7,492 in our Vista reportable segment, $1,093 in our All Other Businesses reportable segment, and $854 in our central and corporate costs. Additionally, our National Pen business recognized restructuring expense of $4,178 during the year ended June 30, 2022, incurred for both the decision to move its European production operations from Ireland to the Czech Republic and the decision to exit the Japan market.
Fiscal Year 2021
During the year ended June 30, 2021, we recognized restructuring charges of $1,641, primarily due to organizational changes within The Print Group segment totaling $1,966 intended to streamline certain activities. This was partially offset by changes in estimate related to prior period actions of $325. These actions were completed during fiscal year 2021.
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The following table summarizes the restructuring activity during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

| Severance and Related Benefits |  | Other Restructuring Costs |  | Accrued restructuring liability
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | 402 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 402 |
Restructuring charges | 13,312 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 13,603 |
Cash payments | (265) |  |  | — |  |  | (265) |
Non-cash charges | — |  |  | (291) |  |  | (291) |
Balance as of June 30, 2022 | 13,449 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,449 |
Restructuring charges | 33,694 |  |  | 10,063 |  |  | 43,757 |
Cash payments | (37,147) |  |  | — |  |  | (37,147) |
Non-cash charges (1) | (2,429) |  |  | (10,063) |  |  | (12,492) |
Balance as of June 30, 2023 | $ | 7,567 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,567 |

________________
(1) During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, non-cash restructuring charges primarily includes the loss recorded on assets for our Japan and China exits, and share-based compensation expense upon modification to accelerate the vesting of share-based compensation awards for the actions described above.
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreement with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2023, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended June 30, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the company. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
•Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and
•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth in the Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment, management concluded that, as of June 30, 2023, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on criteria in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
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PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, as stated in their report included on page 45.
Item 9B. Other Information
On May 12, 2023, Sean Quinn, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, adopted a plan for the sale of Cimpress ordinary shares that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1(c). The plan provides for the sales, on the dates and at the prices set forth in the plan, of up to 22,185 ordinary shares held by Mr. Quinn as of the date of the plan adoption plus additional shares Mr. Quinn receives upon the vesting of his RSU awards. The plan expires on May 4, 2024.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information in the sections captioned “Information about our Directors and Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance,” "Insider Trading Policy," and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” contained in our definitive proxy statement for our 2023 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, which we refer to as our 2023 Proxy Statement.
We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, and is available on our website at www.cimpress.com. We did not waive any provisions of this code during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. If we amend, or grant a waiver under, our code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our principal executive, financial or accounting officers, or persons performing similar functions, we will post information about such amendment or waiver on our website at www.cimpress.com.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned “Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Summary Compensation Tables," “Compensation of our Board of Directors," and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation.”
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder
Matters
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans.”
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the sections of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Corporate Governance.”
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information contained in the section of our 2023 Proxy Statement captioned “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Other Matters.”
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Exhibit No. |  | Description
3.1 |  | Constitution of Cimpress plc is incorporated by reference to Annex B to our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on September 27, 2019
4.1 |  | Senior Notes Indenture (including form of 7.0% senior notes due 2026), dated as of June 15, 2018, between Cimpress plc (as successor to Cimpress N.V.), certain subsidiaries of Cimpress plc as guarantors thereto, and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor trustee, is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 18, 2018
4.2 |  | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 3, 2019, with respect to the 7.0% senior notes due 2026, between Cimpress plc, certain subsidiaries of Cimpress plc as guarantors thereto, and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor trustee, is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2019
4.3 |  | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 13, 2020, with respect to the 7.0% senior notes due 2026, between Cimpress plc, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor trustee is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020
4.4 |  | Form of Warrant is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 4, 2020
4.5 |  | Description of registered securities of Cimpress plc
10.1* |  | 2005 Non-Employee Directors' Share Option Plan is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2019
10.2* |  | Form of Nonqualified Share Option Agreement under our 2005 Non-Employee Directors’ Share Option Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2009
10.3* |  | 2011 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2019
10.4* |  | Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement under our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020
10.5* |  | 2016 Performance Equity Plan is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 3, 2019
10.6* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for employees and executives under our 2016 Performance Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2019
10.7* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for our Chief Executive Officer under our 2016 Performance Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2019
10.8* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for members of our Board of Directors under our 2016 Performance Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2019
10.9* |  | 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 17, 2022
10.10* |  | Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020
10.11* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for employees and executives under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020
10.12* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for our Chief Executive Officer under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020
10.13* |  | Form of Performance Share Unit Agreement for our Board of Directors under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2020
10.14* |  | Form of Deed of Indemnification between Cimpress plc and each of its directors is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2020
10.15* |  | Form of Deed of Indemnification between Cimpress plc and each executive officer is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2020
10.16* |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement between Cimpress USA Incorporated and each director of Cimpress plc is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2020
10.17* |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement between Cimpress USA Incorporated and each executive officer is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2020
10.18* |  | Second Amended and Restated Executive Retention Agreement dated as of February 20, 2023 between Cimpress plc and Robert Keane is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023
10.19* |  | Form of Amended and Restated Executive Retention Agreement between Cimpress plc and each of Sean Quinn and Maarten Wensveen is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023

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10.20* |  | Executive Retention Agreement between Cimpress plc and Florian Baumgartner dated February 1, 2023 is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 23, 2023
10.21* |  | Memorandum clarifying relative precedence of agreements dated May 6, 2010 between Cimpress plc (as successor to Cimpress N.V.) and Robert Keane is incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010
10.22* |  | Agreement Limiting PSU Awards dated May 13, 2016 between Cimpress plc (as successor to Cimpress N.V.) and Robert Keane is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2016
10.23* |  | Amendment to Agreement Limiting PSU Awards dated September 28, 2020 between Cimpress plc and Robert Keane is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 30, 2020
10.24* |  | Employment Agreement between Cimpress Deutschland GmbH and Florian Baumgartner dated July 10, 2019 is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023
10.25* |  | Amendment to Employment Agreement between Cimpress Deutschland GmbH and Florian Baumgartner dated January 1, 2021 is incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023
10.26* |  | Form of Invention and Non-Disclosure Agreement between Cimpress and each of Robert Keane, Sean Quinn, and Maarten Wensveen is incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended
10.27* |  | Form of Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation Agreement between Cimpress and each of Robert Keane, Sean Quinn, and Maarten Wensveen is incorporated by reference to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended
10.28 |  | Amendment and Restatement Agreement dated as of May 17, 2021 among Cimpress plc, Vistaprint Limited, Cimpress Schweiz GmbH, Vistaprint B.V., Vistaprint Netherlands B.V., and Cimpress USA Incorporated, as borrowers (the “Borrowers”); the lenders named therein as lenders; and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders (the “Administrative Agent”), which amends and restates the Credit Agreement dated as of October 21, 2011, as amended and restated as of February 8, 2013, and as further amended and restated as of July 13, 2017 (as amended and restated by the Amendment and Restatement Agreement, the "Credit Agreement"), is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 19, 2021
10.29 |  | Amendment No. 1 (LIBOR Hardwire Transition Amendment) dated as of June 13, 2023 to the Credit Agreement
10.30 |  | Second Amended and Restated Guaranty dated as of July 13, 2017 between Cimpress' subsidiary guarantors named therein as guarantors (the "Subsidiary Guarantors") and the Administrative Agent, which amends and restates the Amended and Restated Guaranty dated as of February 8, 2013, is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 14, 2017
10.31 |  | Amended and Restated Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of July 13, 2017 between certain Borrowers and Subsidiary Guarantors, on one hand, and the Administrative Agent, on the other hand, which amends and restates the Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of February 8, 2013, is incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 14, 2017
19.1 |  | Insider Trading Policy
21.1 |  | Subsidiaries of Cimpress plc
23.1 |  | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)
31.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), by Chief Executive Officer
31.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), by Chief Financial Officer
32.1 |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
97.1 |  | Compensation Recovery Policy
101 |  | The following materials from this Annual Report on Form 10-K, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Statements of Shareholder's Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

__________________
*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
August 4, 2023 Cimpress plc

| By: | /s/ Robert S. Keane
|  | Robert S. Keane
|  | Founder and Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Title |  | Date
/s/ Robert S. Keane |  | Founder and Chief Executive Officer |  | August 4, 2023
Robert S. Keane |  | (Principal executive officer) |  |
/s/ Sean E. Quinn |  | Chief Financial Officer |  | August 4, 2023
Sean E. Quinn |  | (Principal financial and accounting officer) |  |
/s/ Sophie A. Gasperment |  | Director |  | August 4, 2023
Sophie A. Gasperment |  |  |  |
/s/ Zachary S. Sternberg |  | Director |  | August 4, 2023
Zachary S. Sternberg |  |  |  |
/s/ Dessislava Temperley |  | Director |  | August 4, 2023
Dessislava Temperley |  |  |  |
/s/ Scott Vassalluzzo |  | Director |  | August 4, 2023
Scott Vassalluzzo |  |  |  |

102