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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of the expected income tax expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes      
Income tax expense calculated at the statutory rate 20.00% 20.00% 20.00%
Tax on undistributed earnings 3.90% 4.20% 3.00%
Tax benefit resulting from setting aside legal reserve from prior year's income (0.80%) 0.00% 0.00%
Tax benefit resulting from actual investment from prior year's undistributed earnings (0.10%) 0.00% 0.00%
Increase in tax credits (5.60%) (3.30%) (12.10%)
Effect of change of unrecognized deductible temporary differences, tax losses carryforwards, and investment tax credits 1.70% 0.70% 8.70%
Net of non-taxable income and non-deductible expense 5.00% 2.00% (0.20%)
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits related to prior year tax positions, net of its impact to tax-exempted income 1.10% 0.50% (1.20%)
Foreign tax rate differential 0.50% 0.20% 1.50%
Variance from audits, amendments and examinations of prior years' income tax filings (0.10%) 0.00% (0.60%)
Others (0.70%) 0.00% 1.10%
Effective tax rate 14.90% 20.30% 20.60%
Profit (loss) before income taxes $ 276,565 $ 544,592 $ 56,872
Income tax expense calculated at the statutory rate 55,313 108,919 11,374
Tax on undistributed earnings 10,668 22,648 1,727
Tax benefit resulting from setting aside legal reserve from prior year's income (2,215) (267)  
Tax benefit resulting from actual investment from prior year's undistributed earnings (303) (161)  
Increase in tax credits (15,556) (17,934) (6,895)
Effect of change of unrecognized deductible temporary differences, tax losses carryforwards, and investment tax credits 4,706 3,668 4,954
Net of non-taxable income and non-deductible expense (13,728) (10,680) 129
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits related to prior year tax positions, net of its impact to tax-exempted income 3,003 2,763 (709)
Foreign tax rate differential 1,370 837 881
Variance from audits, amendments and examinations of prior years' income tax filings (205) 440 (363)
Others (1,955) 424 614
Income tax expense $ 41,098 $ 110,657 $ 11,712