EX-5.1 2 rzlv-ex5_1.htm EX-5.1

Exhibit 5.1

10 January 2025

Rezolve AI Limited

5 New Street Square London EC4A 3TW United Kingdom

Re: Rezolve AI Limited – Registration Statement on Form F-1

Dear Addressee

1.
Introduction
1.1
We have acted as English legal advisers to Rezolve AI Limited, a private limited company incorporated in England and Wales with company number 14573691 and with its registered office at 5 New Street Square, London, United Kingdom, EC4A 3TW (the “Company”), in connection with the registration statement (as amended through the date hereof, the “Registration Statement”) of the Company on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Rules”).
1.2
On 4 July 2024, a demerger pursuant to section 110 of the UK Insolvency Act 1986 was effected, pursuant to which substantially all the assets and liabilities of Rezolve Limited were transferred to the Company in exchange for the issue of shares of the same classes in the capital of the Company for distribution amongst the shareholders of Rezolve Limited in proportion to their holdings of shares of each class in Rezolve Limited (the "Demerger").
1.3
The Company closed on the transactions contemplated in the Business Combination Agreement (being the agreement dated as of 17 December 2021 (as subsequently amended) entered into by and among Armada Acquisition Corp. I ("Armada"), Rezolve Limited, the Company and certain other parties) on 15 August 2024 ("Closing").
1.4
The Company has filed the Registration Statement for the purposes of registering with the Commission under the Securities Act the potential issue, offer and sale or resale from time to time of up to 58,444,822 ordinary shares of £0.0001 each in the capital of the Company (the “Ordinary Shares”) comprised of:

(a)
up to 8,070,845 Ordinary Shares issued upon the conversion of certain Convertible Loan Notes (as defined herein) by certain selling holders and constituted under a loan note instrument ("CLN Instrument") originally made by Rezolve Limited and dated 16 December 2021, as amended and restated on 21 November 2022 and 23 May 2023 and as further amended on 18 December

2023, 29 December 2023 and 26 January 2024, and novated from Rezolve Limited to the Company by a deed of novation dated 4 July 2024 and subsequently amended (the "Convertible Loan Notes", and with such Ordinary Shares issuable upon the conversion of Convertible Loan Notes being the "CLN Shares");

(b)
up to 425,171 Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of certain convertible promissory notes issued to certain persons that entered into subscription agreements with Rezolve Limited and the Company on or around February 2024 and constituted under multiple convertible promissory note instruments dated on around February 2024 (such instruments being the "CPN Instruments") with such Ordinary Shares issuable upon the conversion of the convertible promissory notes constituted under the CPN Instruments being the "CPN Shares";

(c)
up to 1,413,946 Ordinary Shares issued upon conversion of a convertible promissory note (the "YA Note") with a total principal amount of $2.5 million which was originally issued to Yorkville (as hereinafter defined) in connection with the amendment and restatement of the SEPA (as hereinafter defined) on February 2, 2024 (such Ordinary Shares being the "YA Note Shares"); and
(d)
up to 48,534,860 Ordinary Shares issued or issuable in connection with the terms of the second amended and restated Standby Equity Purchase Agreement entered into between YA II PN, Ltd ("Yorkville"), Armada, Rezolve Limited and the Company dated 2 February 2024 as amended and restated on 6 September 2024 (the "SEPA") under which Yorkville may purchase up to US$250 million Ordinary Shares in accordance with the terms of the SEPA (such Ordinary Shares issuable to Yorkville under the SEPA being the "SEPA Shares").

1.5
For the purposes of this letter the CLN Shares, CPN Shares, YA Note Shares and SEPA Shares shall be collectively the "Relevant Shares".
2.
Purpose
2.1
This opinion letter is being furnished in connection with the Registration Statement on Form F-1 to be filed with the Commission on the date hereof under the Securities Act and the Rules. We have taken instruction in this regard solely from the Company.
2.2
The provision of this letter is not to be taken as implying that we owe any duty of care to anyone, including the Company, in relation to the content or the commercial and financial implications of the Registration Statement.
2.3
Nothing stated in this letter shall create the relationship of solicitor and client between us and anyone other than the Company.
2.4
For the purposes of issuing this opinion, we have received a draft copy of the Registration Statement and examined the following documents:
(a)
a copy of the CLN Instrument;
(b)
a copy of the YA Note;
(c)
a copy of the SEPA;
(d)
a copy of each of the CPN Instruments;
(e)
a copy of the certificate of incorporation of the Company dated 5 January 2023 (incorporated as Rezolve Group Limited);
(f)
a copy of the certificate of incorporation on change of name dated 6 June 2023 whereby the name of the Company was changed from Rezolve Group Limited to Rezolve AI Limited;
(g)
a copy of the current articles of association of the Company that were adopted effective from 15 August 2024 (the "Articles");

(h)
a copy of the minutes of the meeting of the board of directors of the Company ("Board") passed:

(i)
on 3 July 2024 regarding, inter alia, the approval and/or acknowledgment (as applicable) of:
(A)
the novation of the Convertible Loan Notes from Rezolve Limited to the Company upon Demerger;
(B)
the novation of the Convertible Promissory Notes (in issue at that time) from Rezolve Limited to the Company upon Demerger; and
(C)
the novation of the SEPA from Rezolve Limited to the Company upon Demerger;

(ii)
on 6 September 2024 regarding, inter alia, the approval and ratification of:
(A)
the further amendment and restatement of the SEPA;
(B)
the issue of up to $7.5m original face value convertible promissory notes to Yorkville as a prepaid advance arrangement under the SEPA; and
(C)
the issue and allotment of CPN Shares upon conversion of the Convertible Promissory Notes;
(iii)
passed on or about (or to be passed on or about) the date of this opinion (the "January 2025 Board Resolution") regarding, inter alia, the approval and/or ratification of:
(A)
The conversion of the YA Note into the YA Note Shares;
(B)
The allotment and issue of CPN Shares; and
(C)
The redemption of convertible promissory notes issued to Yorkville through drawdown under the SEPA and the allotment of 3,948,189 Ordinary Shares and the allotment of 362,019 shares on account of a fee payable to Yorkville,

("Board Resolutions") and for the purpose of this opinion we assume that all the Board Resolutions including the January 2025 Board Resolution have been duly and validly passed;

(i)
a copy of the written resolutions of the Company dated:
(i)
3 July 2024 approving, inter alia, the authorization for the directors of the Company to allot Ordinary Shares (or to grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into Ordinary Shares), and the disapplication of pre-emptive rights for such allotment, in relation to:

(A)
the new shares issued upon completion of the Demerger;
(B)
the CLN Shares;
(C)
the SEPA Shares; and
(D)
the CPN Shares (that may be converted pursuant to Convertible Promissory Notes in issue at such time); and

(ii)
28 July 2024 approving, inter alia, the (i) the adoption of the Articles with effect from Closing and (ii) authorisation for the directors of the Company to allot Ordinary Shares (or to grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into Ordinary Shares), and the disapplication of pre-emptive rights for such allotment, in relation inter alia to:
(A)
Ordinary Shares having an aggregate nominal amount of up to £712.72 pursuant to the terms of the plan of merger between the Company, Rezolve Merger Sub, Inc. and Armada; and
(B)
additional shares having an aggregate nominal amount of up to

£30,000;

("Shareholder Resolutions");

(the Shareholder Resolutions, together with the Board Resolutions, being the "Corporate Approvals").

2.5
We have also made:
(a)
an online search of the information available on file at Companies House in respect of the Company conducted on 9 January 2025 at 11:39 a.m. (London time); and
(b)
a telephone enquiry of the Central Registry of Winding Up and Administration Petitions on 9 January 2025 at 11:38 a.m. which revealed that as at that date no petition has been lodged for the winding-up of the Company.

We assume that the information obtained in that search and enquiry was accurate, did not fail to disclose any relevant matter and that a further search or enquiry would not reveal any change or new matter which would affect this opinion.

2.6
In relation to insolvency proceedings, the search and enquiry referred to in paragraph

2.5 relate only to insolvency proceedings begun in England and are not conclusively capable of disclosing whether an interim or final administration order or winding up order has been made or resolution passed for the winding up of a company, whether a moratorium is in force for the company or whether a receiver, administrative receiver, administrator or liquidator has been appointed (or petition made for the winding up) of a company.

2.7
In particular, notice of these matters may not yet have been filed with the Registrar of Companies (or if filed, may not yet be publicly available) and notice of a petition for winding up is not required to be filed with the Registrar. In addition, details of a petition for winding up may not be entered on the Central Registry of Winding Up and Administration Petitions immediately (or in the case of a petition presented to a County Court, may not have been notified for entry on the Central Registry at all) and any response to an enquiry would only relate to the last six months before the enquiry.

3.
Basis of opinion, assumptions and qualifications
3.1
The opinion set out in paragraph 4 relates solely to English law at the date of this letter as it appears from published legislation and fully reported cases before that date.
3.2
We have not investigated the laws of any country other than England and we assume that no foreign law affects any of the opinions stated in this letter.

3.3
This letter does not relate to English conflict of laws rules.
3.4
We do not undertake or accept any obligation to update this letter and/or the opinions

given in it to reflect subsequent changes in English law or factual matters.

3.5
We express no opinion on the impact of any rules, regulations or requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC or the rules and regulations adopted by the SEC.
3.6
We express no opinion in this letter on the laws of any jurisdiction other than England. It is assumed that no foreign law which may apply to the matters contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Company, any document or any other matter contemplated by any document would or might affect this letter and/or the opinions given in it.

3.7
For the purposes of this opinion, we have not examined:
(a)
any contract, other than those set out in paragraph 2.4 which may affect the validity or enforceability of the contracts set out in paragraph 2.4; or
(b)
any of the corporate or other records of the Company (apart from those set out in paragraph 2.4 or revealed by the searches mentioned in paragraph 2.5),

nor (apart from those mentioned in paragraph 2.5) have we made any other search or enquiry concerning the Company.

3.8
For the purposes of our opinion we have also assumed:
(a)
the Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented, becoming effective under the Securities Act and continuing to be effective;
(b)
the number of Relevant Shares allotted and issued together with those to be allotted and issued as contemplated by the Registration Statement not being greater than the aggregate nominal value specified in the Corporate Approvals;
(c)
the allotment and issue of Relevant Shares to either GTU Ops Inc (or another depositary nominee of Computershare Trust Company. N.A.) or Cede & Co. (or another nominee of The Depositary Trust Company) for the ultimate benefit of a party shall constitute due satisfaction of the Company's obligations to issue and allot Ordinary Shares to such party under the applicable documents set out in paragraph 2.4;

(d)
the receipt in full of payment for the Relevant Shares in an amount of “cash consideration” (as defined in section 583(3) of the Companies Act) of not less than the aggregate nominal value plus the applicable premium for such Relevant Shares;
(e)
that the Corporate Approvals and any additional board and shareholder resolutions required pursuant to the terms of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Companies Act”) and the articles (as in force from time to time) were or will be (as appropriate) each duly passed by written resolution or at a meeting which was or will be duly convened and held in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations; that in particular, but without limitation, a duly qualified quorum of directors or, as the case may be, shareholders was or will be present in each case throughout the meeting and voted or vote in favour of the resolutions; and that in relation to each meeting of the Board, each provision contained in the Companies Act or the articles (as in force from time to time) relating to the declaration of the directors’ interests or the power of the interested directors to vote and to count in the quorum was or will be duly observed;
(f)
valid entries having been made in relation to the allotment and issue of the Relevant Shares in the books and registers of the Company;
(g)
where a document submitted to us is not fully executed or dated, we have assumed that the Company holds a fully executed and dated version of the

document (or alternatively the Company holds all counterpart execution versions of the document);
(h)
the genuineness of all signatures on, and the authenticity and completeness of, all documents submitted to us;
(i)
that for all documents submitted to us, to the extent only Rezolve Limited is a party (and not also the Company), that the obligations of the Company under such document have been validly novated from Rezolve Limited to the Company at time of the Demerger or otherwise prior to the issue and allotment of any Ordinary Shares pursuant to such document;
(j)
the Articles remain in full force and effect, and no alteration has been made or will be made to such articles of association except for amendments required to convert the Company into a public company limited by shares, in each case prior to each date of allotment and issue of the Relevant Shares (each an “Allotment Date”);
(k)
on each Allotment Date, the Company will comply or has complied with all applicable laws as to any offering of and as to the allotment and issue of the Relevant Shares and the Company has received (or for Ordinary Shares to be issued will receive) such amounts as are necessary to fully pay the nominal value of the Relevant Shares and any applicable share premium;
(l)
the Board Resolutions provided to us in connection with the giving of the opinions in this letter reflect a true record of the proceedings described in them in duly convened, constituted and quorate meetings in which all constitutional, statutory and other formalities were or will be duly observed, and the resolutions set out in the minutes were or will be validly passed and have not been and will not be revoked or varied and remain in full force and effect and will remain so as at each Allotment Date;
(m)
in respect of the Board Resolutions (i) in passing such resolutions the directors of the Company were or will be acting in good faith, (ii) the transactions and other matters referred to in the Board Resolutions were or are to be entered into and effected by the Company for the purpose of carrying on its business, (iii) at the time such transactions or matters were or (as the case may be) are to be entered into or effected the Board had or (as the case may be) will have reasonable grounds for believing that the transactions or matters would or (as the case may be) will promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole, and (iv) the Board exercised or exercises their powers in connection with the transactions or matters in accordance with all applicable laws;

(n)
the resolutions set out in the Corporate Approvals and/or such other board or shareholder resolutions that are otherwise obtained and/or required by the Company at a later date to, inter alia, validly authorise the issuance of all Relevant Shares were or will be validly passed and have not been and will not be revoked or varied and remain in full force and effect and will remain so as at each Allotment Date;
(o)
as at each Allotment Date, the directors of the Company had or shall have sufficient powers conferred on them to allot the Relevant Shares and to grant rights to subscribe for Relevant Shares (as applicable) under section 551 (Power of directors to allot shares etc: authorisation by company) of the Companies Act and under section 570 (Disapplication of pre-emption rights: directors acting under general authorisation) of the Companies Act as if section 561 of the Companies Act did not apply to such allotment or grant and the Company has not issued (or purported to issue) and shall not issue (or purport to issue) Relevant Shares and has not granted (or purported to grant) and shall not grant rights (or purport to grant rights) in excess of such powers or in breach of any

other limitation on their powers to issue shares or grant rights;
(p)
in relation to the allotment and issue of the Relevant Shares, the directors of the Company have acted and will act in the manner required by section 172 of the Companies Act (Duty to promote the success of the Company), and there has not been and will not be any bad faith, breach of trust, fraud, coercion, duress or undue influence on the part of any of the directors of the Company and such directors exercised their powers in accordance with all other statutory duties under the Companies Act and English common law;
(q)
as at each Allotment Date, any authority granted pursuant to the articles (in force from time to time) or the Shareholder Resolutions or otherwise by the Company’s shareholders remained or will remain unutilised to the extent necessary to permit the allotment and issue of the Relevant Shares;
(r)
each of the signed documents examined by us has been duly executed and, where applicable, delivered on behalf of the Company and each natural person executing such documents has sufficient legal capacity to enter into such documents and perform the transactions contemplated herein;

(s)
that any person who signed a document (which we have reviewed for the purposes of the opinion given in this letter) as a witness was physically present at the time when the signatory signed such document;
(t)
the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies of originals and the authenticity of the originals;
(u)
that the documents and records referred to in paragraphs 2.4 and 2.5 are accurate and complete;
(v)
that except as disclosed in the documents referred to in paragraph 2.4, and the search and enquiry referred to in paragraph 2.5:
(i)
no arrangement or composition with or for the benefit of the creditors of the Company (including a voluntary arrangement as defined in the Insolvency Act 1986) has been entered into or proposed;
(ii)
no moratorium has come into force in respect of the Company under Part A1 of the Insolvency Act 1986;
(iii)
no receiver or administrative receiver has taken possession of or being appointed over nor has any mortgagee, chargee or other encumbrancer taken possession of the whole or any material part of the assets of the Company;

(iv)
neither the Company nor its directors nor the holder of a qualifying floating charge (as defined in Schedule B1 to the Insolvency Act 1986) has given notice of his, her, their or its intention to appoint an administrator in accordance with paragraphs 18 or 26 of Schedule B1 to the Insolvency Act 1986;
(v)
neither the Company nor its directors nor any of their creditors nor the holder of a qualifying floating charge (as defined in Schedule B1 to the Insolvency Act 1986) has made an application to the court for the appointment of an administrator of the Company;
(vi)
no administrator has been appointed of the Company under paragraphs 14 or 22 of Schedule B1 to the Insolvency Act 1986 or otherwise;

(vii)
no petition has been presented nor a resolution been passed nor has an

order been made for the administration or the winding-up, bankruptcy or dissolution of the Company;
(w)
as at each Allotment Date, the Company has not taken nor will take any corporate or other action nor have any steps been taken or legal proceedings been started nor steps be taken or legal proceedings started against the Company for the liquidation, winding up, dissolution, reorganisation or bankruptcy of, or for the appointment of a liquidator, receiver, trustee, administrator, administrative receiver or similar officer of, the Company or all or any of its assets (or any analogous proceedings in any jurisdiction) and the Company was not or is not unable to pay its debts as they fall due within the meaning of section 123 of the Insolvency Act 1986, and was not and will not become unable to pay its debts within the meaning of that section as a result of any of the transactions contemplated herein, was not and is not insolvent and has not been and will not be dissolved or declared bankrupt;
(x)
all facts which are stated in any official public record, including the search and enquiry referred to in paragraph 2.5, or other document or information supplied by a public official are correct; in particular that all documents, forms and notices which should have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies in respect of the Company have been so delivered, that information revealed by the search and enquiry referred to in paragraph 2.5 was complete and accurate in all respects and has not, since the time of the search and enquiry, been altered and that the results of the search and enquiry will remain complete and accurate as at each Allotment Date;

(aa) that no event analogous to any of the events mentioned in paragraph 3.8(x) or any other insolvency procedure has occurred in respect of the Company in a country other than England and that no steps have been taken to subject either of them to such a procedure;

(bb) that there are no provisions of the laws of any jurisdiction outside England which would be contravened by the execution or delivery of the documents in paragraph 2.4 and that insofar as any obligation under such documents falls to be performed or any action falls to be taken in any jurisdiction outside England, the performance of that obligation or taking of that action will not be unlawful by virtue of the laws of that jurisdiction;

(cc) to extent that the entry into a document in paragraph 2.4 by the Company constitutes or constituted a regulated activity for the purposes of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 the Company are, was at the relevant time and will be at all relevant times in compliance with all applicable requirements of that Act and any regulations or rules made under that Act;

(dd) that there are or were no written or oral representations made in connection with the documents in paragraph 2.4 which have not been disclosed to us;

(ee) that there are or were no written or oral agreements modifying the terms of the documents in paragraph 2.4 which have not been disclosed to us;

(ff) that there is no other information known to the Company or its employees, agents or sub-contractors and not disclosed to us which would affect the opinions expressed below; and

(gg) that there has been no change in the facts and matters disclosed in the search and enquiry referred to in paragraph 2.5 since we made them.

4.
Opinion

4.1
On the basis of the above assumptions (and subject to the reservations and qualifications set out herein and to any matters not disclosed to us) we are of the opinion that as at today’s date:
(a)
the CLN Shares will, when registered in the name of the recipient in the register of members of the Company and when issued pursuant to the terms of the CLN Instrument be duly and validly authorised and issued, fully paid or credited as fully paid;
(b)
the CPN Shares will, when registered in the name of the recipient in the register of members of the Company and when issued pursuant to the terms of the applicable CPN Instruments be duly and validly authorised and issued, fully paid or credited as fully paid;

(c)
the YA Note Shares will, when registered in the name of the recipient in the register of members of the Company and when issued pursuant to the terms of the YA Notes be duly and validly authorised and issued, fully paid or credited as fully paid.

(d)
the SEPA Shares will, when registered in the name of the recipient in the register of members of the Company and when paid for and issued pursuant to the terms of the SEPA be duly and validly authorised and issued, fully paid or credited as fully paid.

5.
Extent of opinion
5.1
We express no opinion as to any agreement, instrument or other document other than as specified in this letter or as to any liability to tax or duty which may arise or be suffered as a result of or in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Registration Statement.
5.2
This letter only applies to those facts and circumstances which exist as at today’s date and we assume no obligation or responsibility to update or supplement this letter to reflect any facts or circumstances which may subsequently come to our attention, any changes in laws which may occur after today, or to inform the addressee of any change in circumstances happening after the date of this letter which would alter our opinion. Our liability under this opinion is limited to $25m.

6.
Disclosure and reliance
6.1
This letter is rendered to you for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement. We consent to the filing of this letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We further consent to the incorporation by reference of this letter and consent into any registration statement filed under the Securities Act with respect to the Relevant Shares. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.

6.2
Other than for the purpose set out in the prior paragraph, this letter may not be relied upon, or assigned, for any purpose, without our prior written consent, which may be granted or withheld in our discretion.

Yours faithfully

Taylor Wessing LLP