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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies World Fuel Services Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in Florida in July 1984 and along with its consolidated subsidiaries is referred to collectively in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K (“2018 10‑K Report”) as “World Fuel,” “we,” “our” and “us.” We are a leading global fuel services company, principally engaged in the distribution of fuel and related products and services in the aviation, marine and land transportation industries. In recent years, we have expanded our product and service offerings to include energy advisory services and supply fulfillment with respect to natural gas and power and transaction and payment management solutions to commercial and industrial customers. Our intention is to become a leading global energy management company offering a full suite of energy advisory, management and fulfillment services and technology solutions across the energy product spectrum. We also seek to become a leading transaction and payment management company, offering payment management solutions to commercial and industrial customers, principally in the aviation, land and marine transportation industries. A. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements and related notes include our parent company and all wholly‑owned and majority‑owned subsidiaries and joint ventures where we exercise control. Our consolidated financial statements include the operations of an acquired business after the completion of the acquisition. The decision of whether or not to consolidate an entity requires consideration of majority voting interests, as well as effective economic or other control over the entity. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Our fiscal year-end is as of and for the year ended December 31 for each year presented. All transactions among our businesses have been eliminated. For additional information pertaining to our acquisitions, refer to Note 3. Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements and associated notes may not add due to rounding. All percentages have been calculated using unrounded amounts. B. New Accounting Standards Adoption of New Accounting Standards Revenue Recognition (Topic 606): In May 2014, ASU 2014-09 created Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under the new standard, and the subsequently issued amendments, we recognize revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to our customers, which is typically upon delivery of the good or service. The standard establishes a single revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers and replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. We adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach and elected to apply it only to those contracts that were not considered completed contracts as of the adoption date. As a practical expedient, for contracts that were modified before January 1, 2018, we reflected the aggregate effect of all modifications when identifying the satisfied and unsatisfied performance obligations, determining the transaction price and allocating the transaction price. Under a modified retrospective approach, the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard is recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. However, the implementation of the new standard did not have any impact to retained earnings at transition. Furthermore, the adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on any of the lines reported in the Company’s financial statements. Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): In February 2018, ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, was issued. ASU 2018-02 provides the option to reclassify stranded tax effects within AOCI to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate in the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform Act") is recorded. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Reform Act is recognized. We early adopted this update in the first quarter of 2018 using a retrospective approach which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). In August 2018, ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, was issued. The ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in this Update. Under the amendment, costs for implementation activities in the application development stage are capitalized depending on the nature of the costs, while costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as the activities are performed. The standard also requires the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs over the term of the hosting arrangement. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We early adopted in 2018 using a prospective approach which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Income Taxes (Topic 740). In March 2018, ASU 2018-05, Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, was issued. ASU 2018-05 amends certain SEC material in Topic 740 for the income tax accounting implications of the recently issued U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform Act"). We adopted these amendments in 2018. We completed our analysis of the one-time toll charge and recorded the related tax impact in the fourth quarter of 2018 which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. In January 2017, ASU 2017-01 was issued. The amendment clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses after adoption. The amendments reduce the number of transactions that are accounted for as a business. This standard was effective at the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year and as it is applied prospectively it did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements as of the effective date. Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. In August 2017, ASU 2017-12 was issued. The amendments expand the strategies that qualify for hedge accounting, change how hedging relationships are presented in the financial statements and simplify the application of hedge accounting in certain situations. We early adopted this updated standard in the first quarter of 2018, which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We have provided updated disclosures in Note 3. Derivatives. Cash Flows: Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. In August 2016, ASU 2016-15 was issued. The ASU provides guidance on classification of eight specific cash flow items. This standard is effective at the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year and requires using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. As a result of the application of the new standard, we have provided an updated line item attributable to retained beneficial interests associated with our receivables purchase agreements on our consolidated statements of cash flows. The adoption resulted in a $338.8 million and $154.5 million reclassification of the beneficial interest received in exchange for accounts receivable sales for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 from cash flows from operating activities to cash flows from investing activities. Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory. In October 2016, ASU 2016-16 was issued. The amendment requires a reporting entity to recognize the tax expense from the sale of the asset in the seller’s tax jurisdiction when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation. Any deferred tax asset that arises in the buyer’s jurisdiction would also be recognized at the time of the transfer. The new guidance does not apply to intra-entity transfers of inventory. The amendments in this Update should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. This standard is effective at the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Cash Flows: Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. In November 2016, ASU 2016-18 was issued. The amendment requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This standard is effective at the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year and should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. As the Restricted Cash balance as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is not material; the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted Leases (Topic 842). In February 2016, ASU 2016-02 was issued. The primary objective of the new standard, which amends the existing lease guidance and adds additional disclosures, is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing all lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet, including operating leases that under the current standard are off-balance sheet. Topic 842 defines a lease as a contract that conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means that the customer has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and the right to direct the use of the asset. The accounting applied by a lessor is mostly unchanged from that applied under previous GAAP. However, more leases will be classified as sales-type leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) and early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method and applying the transition provisions at the effective date. We are planning the implementation of the new standard using the package of practical expedients under the transition provision that allows us not to reassess whether a contract contains a lease, how the lease is classified and if initial direct costs can be capitalized. We do not plan to elect the practical expedient that allows using hindsight when determining the lease term. Also, from a lessee point of view, and for most of the new class of assets defined by the company, we plan to elect an accounting policy that allows aggregation of non-lease components with the related lease components when evaluating accounting treatment. Lastly, we are planning to elect the accounting policy that permits to not recognize the lease asset and related lease liability for leases with a lease term of 12 months or leases since commencement date. We established a cross-functional project team and engaged a third-party service provider to assist us throughout the implementation, including the selection, implementation and testing of a lease software and contract administration platform. The Company is currently developing its lease disclosures and enhancing its accounting systems to enable the preparation of such disclosures beginning with its quarterly reporting on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2019. As of the date of implementation on January 1, 2019, the impact of the adoption of the updated lease guidance is estimated to result in the recognition of a right of use asset and lease payable obligation on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet of approximately $170 million to $210 million. Subsequent to adoption, the Company does not anticipate the impact on its results and cash flows to be material. Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. In June 2016, ASU 2016-13 was issued. The amendments in this update will change how entities account for credit impairment from trade and other receivables, net investments arising from sales-type and direct financing leases, debt securities, purchased-credit impaired financial assets and other instruments in addition to loans. ASU 2018-19 issued in November 2018, clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. For receivables and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value, entities will be require to estimate expected credit losses. Under the expected loss model, an entity recognizes a loss upon initial recognition of the asset that reflects all future events that will lead to a loss being realized, regardless of whether it is probable that the future event will occur. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity will apply most of the amendments in this update using a modified-retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. We are currently evaluating the impact that the new standard would have in our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. C. Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could materially differ from estimated amounts. We evaluate our estimated assumptions based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. D. Cash and Cash Equivalents Our cash equivalents consist principally of overnight investments, bank money market accounts and bank time deposits which have an original maturity date of less than 90 days. These securities are carried at cost, which approximates market value. E. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Bad Debt We extend credit on an unsecured basis to most of our customers. Credit extension, monitoring and collection are performed for each of our business segments. Each business segment has a credit function that is responsible for establishing initial credit limits, approving limits changes from previously approved credit limits, as well as managing the overall quality of the credit portfolio. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and the customer’s current creditworthiness, as determined by our review of our customer’s credit information. Accounts receivable payment terms are based on customer creditworthiness along with the contractual terms agreed to with our customers. Our accounts receivables credit terms are generally 30-60 days, although certain markets and customers may warrant longer payment terms. Accounts receivable balances that are not paid within the terms of the sales agreement are generally subject to finance fees, based on the outstanding balance. Although we analyze customers’ payment history and creditworthiness, we cannot predict with certainty that the customers to whom we extend credit will be able to remit payments on a timely basis, or at all. Because we extend credit on an unsecured basis to most of our customers, there is a possibility that any accounts receivable not collected will ultimately need to be written off. The health of accounts receivable is continuously monitored, taking into consideration both the timeliness and predictability of collections and payments from our customers. We maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical experience with our customers, along with any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. Principally based on these factors, an internally derived risk-based reserve is established and applied to all accounts receivable portfolios, on a quarterly basis. Customer account balances that are deemed to be at high risk of collectability are reserved at higher rates than customer account balances which we deem expected to be collected without issue. Historical payment trends may not be an accurate indicator of current or future creditworthiness of our customers, particularly in difficult economic and financial markets. As a result of the limited predictability inherent in estimating which customers are less likely or unlikely to remit amounts owed to us, our provision for estimated credit losses may not be sufficient. Any write-off of accounts receivable in excess of our provision for expected credit losses would have an adverse effect on our results of operations. If credit losses exceed established allowances, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected. F. Inventories Inventories are valued primarily using weighted average cost, and first-in-first-out in certain limited locations, and are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. We utilize a variety of fuel indices and other indicators of market value. Sharp negative changes in these indices can result in a reduction of our inventory valuation, which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations in the period in which we take the adjustment. These adjustments may have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations. Components of inventory include fuel purchase costs, the related transportation costs and changes in the estimated fair market values for inventories included in a fair value hedge relationship. G. Business Combinations We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, under which the purchase price of the acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. We calculate the fair value based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. The estimated future cash flows are based on the best information available to us at the time. Acquisition-related costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. H. Fair Value of Financial Instruments We measure the fair value of financial instruments using observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect what market participants would use in pricing the instrument, based on publicly available market data obtained from sources independent of us. Unobservable inputs are inputs for which market data are not available and reflect internal market assumptions. The accounting guidance establishes the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 Inputs - Quoted prices in active markets. Level 2 Inputs - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets other than quoted prices included within Level 1, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model based valuations whose inputs are observable. Level 3 Inputs - Inputs that are unobservable. Our policy is to recognize transfers between levels as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the event or change in circumstances caused the transfer to occur. There were no significant changes to our valuation techniques during 2018 and 2017. For additional information pertaining to our fair value measurements, see Note 12. I. Derivatives We enter into financial derivative contracts to mitigate the risk of market price fluctuations in aviation, land and marine fuel, to offer our customers fuel pricing alternatives to meet their needs and to mitigate the risk due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. While we currently believe that our derivative contracts will be effective in mitigating the associated price risks, it is possible that our derivative instruments will be ineffective at mitigating material changes in prices, which could have an adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. At the inception and on an ongoing basis, we assess the hedging relationship to determine its effectiveness in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair value attributable to the hedged risk. Our derivative contracts are recognized at their estimated fair market value in accordance with the accounting guidance for fair value measurements. The fair value of our derivatives is derived using observable and certain unobservable inputs, such as basis differentials, which are based on the difference between the historical prices of our prior transactions and the underlying observable data. Measurement of the fair value of our derivatives also requires the assessment of certain risks related to non-performance, which requires a significant amount of judgment. The effect on our income before income taxes of a 10% change in the model input for non-performance risk would not be material to our consolidated statements of operations. If the derivative instrument is not designated as a hedge, changes in the estimated fair market value are recognized as a component of revenue, cost of revenue or other income (expense), net (based on the underlying transaction type) in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Derivatives which qualify for hedge accounting may be designated as either a fair value or cash flow hedge. For our fair value hedges, changes in the estimated fair market value of the hedging instrument and the hedged item are recognized in the same line item as the underlying transaction type in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. For our cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair market value of the hedging instrument are initially recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into the same line item as the underlying forecasted transaction when both are settled or deemed probable of not occurring. Cash flows for our hedging instruments used in our hedges are classified in the same category as the cash flow from the hedged items. If for any reason hedge accounting is discontinued, then any cash flows subsequent to the date of discontinuance will be classified in a manner consistent with the nature of the instrument. For more information on our derivatives, see Note 4. J. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated primarily by using the straight‑line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Costs of major additions and improvements are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the life of the asset, are expensed. Upon sale or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to income. Long‑lived assets held and used by us are reviewed based on market factors and operational considerations for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Purchases of computer software are capitalized. External costs and certain internal costs directly associated with developing significant computer software applications for internal use are capitalized. Computer software costs are amortized using the straight‑line method over the estimated useful life of the software. K. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets Goodwill arises because the purchase price paid reflects numerous factors, including the strategic fit and expected synergies these acquisitions bring to our existing operations. Goodwill is recorded at fair value and is reviewed at least annually at year-end (or more frequently under certain circumstances) for impairment. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level and is initially based on an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of any individual reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Such events or circumstances could include a material adverse change in the markets where we operate, similar to the current conditions within the shipping and offshore markets, limited market volatility, which adversely impacts our supply and trading activities, among others. To determine whether goodwill is impaired, we would compare the fair value of the reporting units to which goodwill was assigned to their respective carrying values to measure the amount of goodwill impairment, if any. In calculating fair value, we use a combination of both an income and market approach as our primary indicator of fair value. Under the market approach, we use a selection of global companies that correspond to each reporting unit to derive a market-based multiple. Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. The estimated future cash flows are based on the best information available to us at the time, including our annual operating plan, which is completed annually during the fourth quarter and is approved by our Board of Directors. Our estimates are considered supportable assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on information available to us at that time, and are based on a number of factors including industry experience, internal benchmarks, and the economic environment. Our cash flow estimates are discounted using rates that correspond to a weighted-average cost of capital consistent with those used internally for investment decisions. If our annual operating plan is not achieved or if there are other variations to our estimates and assumptions, particularly in the expected growth rates and profitability embedded in our cash flow projections or the discount rate used, there is the potential for a partial or total impairment of the carrying amount of goodwill within one or more of our reporting units. If we are required to impair all or a substantial amount of the goodwill attributable to one or more of our reporting units, our financial results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. In connection with our acquisitions, we record identifiable intangible assets at fair value. The determination of the fair values of our identifiable intangible assets involves a significant amount of forecasting and other assumptions associated with recently acquired businesses for which we may not have as much historical information or trend data as we would for our existing businesses. Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We assess identifiable intangible assets not subject to amortization during the fourth quarter of each year for potential impairment. Our impairment analysis of our intangible assets not subject to amortization (primarily trademarks and/or trade names) generally involves the use of qualitative and quantitative analyses to estimate whether the estimated future cash flows generated as a result of these assets will be greater than or equal to the carrying value assigned to such assets. For information pertaining to our 2018 impairment assessment, see Note 7, Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets. L. Other Investments Our other investments consist primarily of equity investments, net of basis adjustments. These investments are accounted for under the equity method as we own less than 50% of the entities and exercise significant influence over the investee, but do not have operational or financial control. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had other investments of $73.7 million and $70.9 million, respectively, which are included within identifiable intangible and other non‑current assets. M. Revenue Recognition We execute contracts with customers, which are primarily a combination of master sales agreements with different types of nominations or standalone agreements. Our contracts primarily require us to deliver fuel and fuel-related products, while other arrangements require us to complete agreed-upon services. Our contracts may contain fixed or variable pricing or some combination of those. The majority of our consolidated revenues are generated through the sale of fuel and fuel-related products. We generally recognize fuel sales and services revenue on a gross basis as we have control of the products or services before they are delivered to our customers. In drawing this conclusion, we considered various factors, including inventory risk management, latitude in establishing the sales price, discretion in the supplier selection and that we are normally the primary obligor in our sales arrangements. Revenue from the sale of fuel is recognized when our customers obtain control of the fuel, which is typically upon delivery of each promised gallon or barrel to an agreed-upon delivery point. Revenue from services, including energy procurement advisory services and international trip planning support, and transaction and payment management processing, are recognized over the contract period when services have been performed and we have the right to invoice for those services. N. Share‑Based Payment Awards We account for share‑based payment awards on a fair value basis. Under fair value accounting, the grant‑date fair value of the share‑based payment award is amortized as compensation expense, on a straight‑line basis, over the vesting period for both graded and cliff vesting awards. Annual compensation expense for share‑based payment awards is reduced by an expected forfeiture amount on outstanding share‑based payment awards. We utilize our historical forfeiture rates to calculate future expected forfeitures. These estimates can vary significantly from actual forfeiture rates experienced. Our estimated forfeiture rates have historically approximated actual forfeitures. O. Foreign Currency The functional currency of our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, except for certain subsidiaries which utilize their respective local currency as their functional currency. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized upon settlement of foreign currency transactions. In addition, for unsettled foreign currency transactions, foreign currency translation gains and losses are recognized for changes between the transaction exchange rates and month‑end exchange rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net, in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income in the period incurred. Revenues and expenses of the subsidiaries that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar have been translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries have been translated at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet dates. The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. P. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and income tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recorded as a component of the income tax provision in the period that includes the enactment date. Regular assessments are made on the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from our future taxable income. Our evaluation is based on estimates, assumptions, and includes an analysis of available positive and negative evidence, giving weight based on the evidence’s relative objectivity. Sources of positive evidence include estimates of future taxable income, future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years, and available tax planning strategies. Sources of negative evidence include current and cumulative losses in recent years, losses expected in early future years, any history of operating losses or tax credit carryforwards expiring unused, and unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect future profit levels. The remaining carrying value of our deferred tax assets, after recording the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, is based on our present belief that it is more likely than not that we will be able to generate sufficient future taxable income in certain tax jurisdictions to utilize such deferred tax assets. The amount of the remaining deferred tax assets considered recoverable could be adjusted if our estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period change favorably or unfavorably. To the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that some or all of the remaining deferred tax assets will not be realized, we must establish a valuation allowance against those deferred tax assets, resulting in additional income tax expense in the period such determination is made. To the extent a valuation allowance currently exists, we will continue to monitor all positive and negative evidence until we believe it is more likely than not that it is no longer necessary, resulting in an income tax benefit in the period such determination is made. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions, and in determining our provisions for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We establish reserves when, despite our belief that the income tax return positions are fully supportable, certain positions are likely to be challenged and we may ultimately not prevail in defending those positions. Q. Earnings per Common Share Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to World Fuel and available to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to World Fuel and available to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock and the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if our outstanding potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include restricted stock subject to forfeitable dividends, non‑vested RSUs and SSAR Awards. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per common share by application of the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, an increase in the fair market value of our common stock can result in a greater dilutive effect from potentially dilutive securities. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods presented (in millions, except per share amounts):
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to World Fuel | $ | 127.7 |  |  | $ | (170.2 | ) |  | $ | 126.5 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares for basic earnings per common share | 67.4 |  |  | 68.1 |  |  | 69.3 |
Effect of dilutive securities | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |
Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per common share | 67.7 |  |  | 68.1 |  |  | 69.8 |
Weighted average securities which are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because their impact is anti-dilutive or their performance conditions have not been met | 1.2 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.3 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.89 |  |  | $ | (2.50 | ) |  | $ | 1.82 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.89 |  |  | $ | (2.50 | ) |  | $ | 1.81 |

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