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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to ___________
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-9533
WORLD FUEL SERVICES CORP ORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida | 9800 N.W. 41st Street, | Miami, | Florida | 33178 | 59-2459427
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
| Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: |
|  | ( | 305 | ) | 428-8000 |
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act |
Title of each class | Trading Symbol (s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock , $0.01 par value | INT | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ
The registrant had a total of 65,392,289 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding as of October 25, 2019.
Table of Contents

Part I. | Financial Information |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 1
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 5
|  | Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 33
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 34
Part II. | Other Information |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 34
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 34
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 36
Signatures |  | 37

Table of Contents
Part I — Financial Information

Item 1. | Financial Statements

World Fuel Services Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited - In millions, except per share data)

|  | As of
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Assets: |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 218.5 |  |  | $ | 211.7 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 2,688.8 |  |  | 2,739.6 |
Inventories |  | 582.1 |  |  | 523.1 |
Prepaid expenses |  | 68.4 |  |  | 65.7 |
Short-term derivative assets, net |  | 67.6 |  |  | 155.2 |
Other current assets |  | 344.0 |  |  | 279.5 |
Total current assets |  | 3,969.5 |  |  | 3,974.8 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 366.5 |  |  | 350.3 |
Goodwill |  | 846.9 |  |  | 852.7 |
Identifiable intangible and other non-current assets |  | 614.6 |  |  | 499.0 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,797.5 |  |  | $ | 5,676.9 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases |  | $ | 16.4 |  |  | $ | 41.1 |
Accounts payable |  | 2,386.9 |  |  | 2,399.6 |
Customer deposits |  | 113.2 |  |  | 118.2 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 394.1 |  |  | 377.0 |
Total current liabilities |  | 2,910.5 |  |  | 2,935.9 |
Long-term debt |  | 671.0 |  |  | 659.9 |
Non-current income tax liabilities, net |  | 205.4 |  |  | 194.6 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 152.0 |  |  | 54.9 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 3,938.9 |  |  | $ | 3,845.3 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
World Fuel shareholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value; 0.1 shares authorized, none issued |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100.0 shares authorized, 65.2 and 67.0 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively |  | 0.7 |  |  | 0.7 |
Capital in excess of par value |  | 284.5 |  |  | 340.4 |
Retained earnings |  | 1,711.4 |  |  | 1,606.1 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (154.3 | ) |  | (131.7 | )
Total World Fuel shareholders' equity |  | 1,842.1 |  |  | 1,815.4 |
Noncontrolling interest |  | 16.5 |  |  | 16.1 |
Total equity |  | 1,858.6 |  |  | 1,831.6 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 5,797.5 |  |  | $ | 5,676.9 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
1

Table of Contents
World Fuel Services Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited – In millions, except per share data)

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue |  | $ | 9,322.7 |  |  | $ | 10,429.5 |  |  | $ | 27,460.9 |  |  | $ | 29,761.7 |
Cost of revenue |  | 9,017.0 |  |  | 10,162.8 |  |  | 26,635.6 |  |  | 29,005.4 |
Gross profit |  | 305.7 |  |  | 266.7 |  |  | 825.3 |  |  | 756.3 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and employee benefits |  | 129.2 |  |  | 117.9 |  |  | 353.3 |  |  | 342.0 |
General and administrative |  | 82.8 |  |  | 70.6 |  |  | 232.9 |  |  | 217.8 |
|  | 212.0 |  |  | 188.5 |  |  | 586.2 |  |  | 559.8 |
Income from operations |  | 93.6 |  |  | 78.2 |  |  | 239.2 |  |  | 196.4 |
Non-operating expenses, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and other financing costs, net |  | (19.5 | ) |  | (18.3 | ) |  | (59.1 | ) |  | (52.5 | )
Other income (expense), net |  | (3.3 | ) |  | 1.9 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (2.0 | )
|  | (22.8 | ) |  | (16.4 | ) |  | (59.4 | ) |  | (54.5 | )
Income before income taxes |  | 70.9 |  |  | 61.8 |  |  | 179.8 |  |  | 142.0 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 21.5 |  |  | 23.0 |  |  | 55.5 |  |  | 42.7 |
Net income including noncontrolling interest |  | 49.4 |  |  | 38.7 |  |  | 124.3 |  |  | 99.2 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 1.1 |
Net income attributable to World Fuel |  | $ | 48.2 |  |  | $ | 38.2 |  |  | $ | 122.4 |  |  | $ | 98.1 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |
Basic weighted average common shares |  | 65.3 |  |  | 67.5 |  |  | 66.4 |  |  | 67.5 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |
Diluted weighted average common shares |  | 65.7 |  |  | 67.7 |  |  | 66.7 |  |  | 67.8 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income including noncontrolling interest |  | $ | 49.4 |  |  | $ | 38.7 |  |  | $ | 124.3 |  |  | $ | 99.2 |
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (11.5 | ) |  | (4.7 | ) |  | (17.4 | ) |  | (23.0 | )
Cash flow hedges, net of income tax expense of $2.8 and income tax benefit of $3.5 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 respectively and net of income tax benefit of $2.4 and $5.2 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively |  | 7.9 |  |  | (5.6 | ) |  | (6.8 | ) |  | (8.4 | )
Other comprehensive loss: |  | (3.6 | ) |  | (10.3 | ) |  | (24.2 | ) |  | (31.4 | )
Comprehensive income including noncontrolling interest |  | 45.8 |  |  | 28.5 |  |  | 100.1 |  |  | 67.8 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | (0.8 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  | (1.2 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to World Fuel |  | $ | 46.6 |  |  | $ | 28.4 |  |  | $ | 101.6 |  |  | $ | 69.1 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
World Fuel Services Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(Unaudited - In millions)

|  | Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total World Fuel Shareholders' Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interest Equity |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Equity
| Balance as of December 31, 2018 | 67.0 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 340.4 |  |  | $ | 1,606.1 |  |  | $ | (131.7 | ) |  | $ | 1,815.4 |  |  | $ | 16.1 |  |  | $ | 1,831.6 |
| Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 37.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 37.3 |
| Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | )
| Amortization of share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |
| Issuance (cancellation) of common stock related to share-based payment awards | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Purchases of common stock tendered by employees to satisfy the required withholding taxes related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1.4 | )
| Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11.0 | ) |  | (11.0 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (11.7 | )
| Balance as of March 31, 2019 | 67.1 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 343.0 |  |  | $ | 1,639.3 |  |  | $ | (142.7 | ) |  | $ | 1,840.3 |  |  | $ | 15.5 |  |  | $ | 1,855.8 |
| Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 37.0 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 37.6 |
| Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6.6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6.6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6.6 | )
| Amortization of share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |
| Issuance (cancellation) of common stock related to share-based payment awards | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |
| Purchases of common stock tendered by employees to satisfy the required withholding taxes related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1.2 | )
| Purchases of common stock | (2.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (65.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (65.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (65.4 | )
| Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8.9 | ) |  | (8.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8.9 | )
| Balance as of June 30, 2019 | 65.2 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 280.7 |  |  | $ | 1,669.7 |  |  | $ | (151.6 | ) |  | $ | 1,799.4 |  |  | $ | 16.1 |  |  | $ | 1,815.6 |
| Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 48.2 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 49.4 |
| Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6.5 | )
| Amortization of share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.9 |
| Issuance (cancellation) of common stock related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Purchases of common stock tendered by employees to satisfy the required withholding taxes related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | )
| Purchases of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.8 | ) |  | (2.8 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (3.6 | )
| Balance as of September 30, 2019 | 65.2 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 284.5 |  |  | $ | 1,711.4 |  |  | $ | (154.3 | ) |  | $ | 1,842.1 |  |  | $ | 16.5 |  |  | $ | 1,858.6 |

3

Table of Contents

|  | Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total World Fuel Shareholders' Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interest Equity |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Equity
| Balance as of December 31, 2017 | 67.7 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 354.9 |  |  | $ | 1,492.8 |  |  | $ | (126.5 | ) |  | $ | 1,721.9 |  |  | $ | 16.0 |  |  | $ | 1,738.0 |
| Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 31.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 31.3 |
| Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | )
| Amortization of share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.2 |
| Issuance (cancellation) of common stock related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.3 | )
| Purchases of common stock tendered by employees to satisfy the required withholding taxes related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.3 | )
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | 0.5 |
| Reclassification of certain tax effects from U.S. Tax Reform | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |
| Balance as of March 31, 2018 | 67.7 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 358.6 |  |  | $ | 1,521.6 |  |  | $ | (125.7 | ) |  | $ | 1,755.1 |  |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 1,771.0 |
| Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 28.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 28.7 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 29.2 |
| Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | )
| Amortization of share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.3 |
| Issuance (cancellation) of common stock related to share-based payment awards | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
| Purchases of common stock tendered by employees to satisfy the required withholding taxes related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1.8 | )
| Purchases of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | — |
| Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20.6 | ) |  | (20.6 | ) |  | (1.1 | ) |  | (21.7 | )
| Balance as of June 30, 2018 | 67.8 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 359.3 |  |  | $ | 1,546.3 |  |  | $ | (146.3 | ) |  | $ | 1,760.0 |  |  | $ | 15.3 |  |  | $ | 1,775.3 |
| Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 38.2 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 38.7 |
| Cash dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | )
| Amortization of share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |
| Issuance (cancellation) of common stock related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Purchases of common stock tendered by employees to satisfy the required withholding taxes related to share-based payment awards | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | )
| Purchases of common stock | (0.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20.0 | )
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10.4 | ) |  | (10.4 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (10.3 | )
| Balance as of September 30, 2018 | 67.0 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 340.8 |  |  | 1,580.4 |  |  | (156.7 | ) |  | 1,765.2 |  |  | 16.0 |  |  | 1,781.2 |

Cash Dividends
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.06, $0.10 and $0.10 per common share, representing $4.0 million, $6.6 million and $6.5 million in total dividends, which were paid on April 12, 2019, July 5, 2019, and October 11, 2019 respectively. The Company's Board of Directors declared quarterly dividends of $0.06 per common share for each of the first three quarters of 2018, representing $4.0 million , $4.1 million and $4.1 million in total dividends, which were paid on April 6, 2018 , July 6, 2018 and October 12, 2018, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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World Fuel Services Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited - In millions)

|  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net income including noncontrolling interest |  | $ | 124.3 |  |  | $ | 99.2 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income including noncontrolling interest to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 64.2 |  |  | 59.0 |
Provision for bad debt |  | 19.6 |  |  | 7.6 |
Share-based payment award compensation costs |  | 12.4 |  |  | 8.0 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  | 1.4 |  |  | (1.8 | )
Foreign currency losses, net |  | (0.5 | ) |  | 4.9 |
Other |  | 0.3 |  |  | (0.8 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net (reduced by beneficial interests received in exchange for accounts receivables sold of $115.6 and $357.5 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.) |  | 21.1 |  |  | (775.5 | )
Inventories |  | (53.4 | ) |  | (177.1 | )
Prepaid expenses |  | (7.2 | ) |  | (17.2 | )
Short-term derivative assets, net |  | 127.2 |  |  | (35.7 | )
Other current assets |  | (58.4 | ) |  | (36.9 | )
Cash collateral with financial counterparties |  | (3.1 | ) |  | 40.0 |
Other non-current assets |  | 28.1 |  |  | (39.3 | )
Accounts payable |  | 36.6 |  |  | 554.0 |
Customer deposits |  | (3.8 | ) |  | (1.1 | )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | (59.7 | ) |  | (6.4 | )
Non-current income tax, net and other long-term liabilities |  | (80.2 | ) |  | 3.2 |
Total adjustments |  | 44.4 |  |  | (415.2 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | 168.7 |  |  | (316.0 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Cash receipts of retained beneficial interests in receivable sales |  | — |  |  | 357.5 |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired |  | — |  |  | (21.0 | )
Capital expenditures |  | (59.5 | ) |  | (44.7 | )
Other investing activities, net |  | 4.5 |  |  | 7.3 |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | (55.1 | ) |  | 299.0 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  | 4,452.4 |  |  | 4,663.5 |
Repayments of debt |  | (4,468.4 | ) |  | (4,841.2 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (14.6 | ) |  | (12.1 | )
Repurchases of common stock |  | (65.4 | ) |  | (20.0 | )
Other financing activities, net |  | (7.1 | ) |  | (2.2 | )
Net cash (used in) financing activities |  | (103.1 | ) |  | (212.0 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | (3.7 | ) |  | (1.3 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | 6.7 |  |  | (230.3 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, as of the beginning of the period |  | 211.7 |  |  | 372.3 |
Cash and cash equivalents, as of the end of the period |  | $ | 218.5 |  |  | $ | 142.1 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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Supplemental Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities:
Cash dividends declared, but not yet paid, were $6.5 million and $4.1 million as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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World Fuel Services Corporation
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
World Fuel Services Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in Florida in July 1984 and along with its consolidated subsidiaries is referred to collectively in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q (“10-Q Report”) as “World Fuel,” “we,” “our” and “us.”
We are a leading global fuel services company, principally engaged in the distribution of fuel and related products and services in the aviation, marine and land transportation industries. In recent years, we have expanded our product and service offerings to include energy advisory services and supply fulfillment with respect to natural gas and power and transaction and payment management solutions to commercial and industrial customers. Our intention is to become a leading global energy management company offering a full suite of energy advisory, management and fulfillment services and technology solutions across the energy product spectrum. We also seek to become a leading transaction and payment management company, offering payment management solutions to commercial and industrial customers, principally in the aviation, land and marine transportation industries.
We prepared the consolidated financial statements following the requirements of the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) can be condensed or omitted.
Revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be representative of those for the full year. In our opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial statements, which are of a normal and recurring nature, have been made for the interim periods reported. The information included in this 10-Q Report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2018 10-K Report”). Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements and associated notes may not add due to rounding. All percentages have been calculated using unrounded amounts.
Our net income for the nine months ending September 30, 2019 of $122.4 million, or $1.84 per diluted common share, includes net discrete tax benefits of $6.6 million ($3.17 million recorded in March 2019 and 3.48 million recorded in September 2019) with respect to foreign tax filings and $3.4 million of operating income ($2.3 million after-tax) recorded in March 2019. All of these amounts should have been recognized in prior periods. Excluding these misstatements, which we have determined were not material to the three months ending March 31, 2019, three and nine months ending September 30, 2019 and 2018, our net income would have been $113.5 million, or $1.70 per diluted common share for the nine months ending September 30, 2019.
There have been no significant changes, other than those related to the adopted new accounting standards below, in the Company's accounting policies from those disclosed in our 2018 10‑K Report. The significant accounting policies we use for quarterly financial reporting are disclosed in Note 1 of the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” included in our 2018 10‑K Report, and in the adopted accounting standards below.
Adoption of New Accounting Standard
Leases (Topic 842). In February 2016, ASU 2016-02 was issued. The primary objective of the new standard, which amends the existing lease guidance and adds additional disclosures, is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing nearly all lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet, including operating leases that under the prior standard were off-balance sheet.
Topic 842 defines a lease as a contract that conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means that the customer has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and the right to direct the use of the asset.
ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019 utilizing the modified retrospective transition method and applying the transition provisions at the effective date. We implemented the new standard using the package of practical expedients under the transition provisions that allows us not to reassess whether a contract contains a lease, how the lease is classified and if initial direct costs can be capitalized. For all the lessee arrangements, we have elected an accounting policy
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to combine non-lease components with the related lease components and treat the combined items as a lease for accounting purposes. Lastly, we have elected not to recognize the lease asset and related lease liability for leases with a lease term of 12 months or less.
As of the date of implementation on January 1, 2019, the impact of the adoption of the new lease standard resulted in the recognition of the right of use assets of $167.3 million and lease liability of $173.6 million on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The difference between the right of use assets and lease liabilities is primarily the result of accrued lease payments and cumulative lease prepayments, as well as the remaining balance of lease incentives received. Subsequent to adoption, the Company does not anticipate the impact on its results of operations and cash flows to be material.
Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted
Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. In June 2016, ASU 2016-13 was issued. The amendments in this update will change how entities account for credit impairment from trade and other receivables, net investments arising from sales-type and direct financing leases, debt securities, purchased-credit impaired financial assets and other instruments in addition to loans. ASU 2018-19 issued in November 2018, clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. For receivables and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value, entities will be required to estimate expected credit losses. Under the expected loss model, an entity recognizes a loss upon initial recognition of the asset that reflects all future events that will lead to a loss being realized, regardless of whether it is probable that the future event will occur.
The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity will apply most of the amendments in this update using a modified-retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. We are currently evaluating the impact that the new standard would have on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
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2. Accounts Receivable
We have receivables purchase agreements (“RPAs”) with Wells Fargo and Citibank that allow for the sale of up to an aggregate limit of $725.0 million of our accounts receivable. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, cash payments to the owners of accounts receivable were $6.3 billion and $6.1 billion respectively, and cash proceeds from the sale of accounts receivable were $6.3 billion and $6.0 billion, respectively. The fees and financing costs under the RPAs were $20.4 million and $14.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our sold accounts receivable under the RPAs were $453.8 million and $508.2 million, respectively.
3. Acquisitions
2018 Acquisitions
During the first quarter of 2018, we completed one acquisition in the land segment. The financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the 2018 acquisition, has been included in our consolidated financial statements since its acquisition date and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated revenue and net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
4. Derivatives
We enter into financial derivative contracts to mitigate the risk of market price fluctuations in aviation, land and marine fuel, to offer our customers fuel pricing alternatives to meet their needs and to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. If the derivative instrument is not designated in a hedge relationship, changes in the estimated fair market value are recognized as a component of revenue, cost of revenue, or other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
Derivatives which qualify for hedge accounting may be designated as either a fair value or cash flow hedge. For our fair value hedges, changes in the estimated fair market value of the hedging instrument and the hedged item are recognized in the same line item as the underlying transaction type in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The gains or losses on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions are initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and subsequently reclassified into earnings once the future transactions affect earnings. Cash flows for our hedging instruments are classified in the same category as the underlying hedged items. If for any reason hedge accounting is discontinued, then any cash flows subsequent to the date of discontinuance will be classified in a manner consistent with the nature of the instrument.
The following describes our derivative classifications:
Fair Value Hedges. Includes derivative contracts we hold to hedge the risk of changes in the price of our inventory.
Cash Flow Hedges. Includes certain derivative contracts we execute to mitigate the risk of price or foreign currency volatility in forecasted transactions.
Non-designated Derivatives. Includes derivatives we primarily transact to mitigate the risk of market price fluctuations in the form of swaps or futures contracts, certain forward fixed price purchase and sale contracts, and for portfolio optimization. In addition, non-designated derivatives are held to hedge the risk of currency rate fluctuations.
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The following table presents the gross fair value of our derivative instruments and their locations on the consolidated balance sheets (in millions):

|  |  | Gross Derivative Assets |  | Gross Derivative Liabilities
|  |  | As of |  | As of
|  |  | September 30, |  | December 31, |  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Derivative Instruments | Consolidated Balance Sheet location |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | Short-term derivative assets, net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 168.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 122.5 |
| Identifiable intangible and other non-current assets |  | — |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.6 |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 23.6 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 15.6 |  |  | — |
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | 23.6 |  |  | $ | 188.2 |  |  | $ | 15.6 |  |  | $ | 132.2 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | Short-term derivative assets, net |  | $ | 72.7 |  |  | $ | 537.6 |  |  | $ | 12.9 |  |  | $ | 429.0 |
| Identifiable intangible and other non-current assets |  | 24.5 |  |  | 71.7 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 40.0 |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 317.3 |  |  | 30.7 |  |  | 363.7 |  |  | 126.4 |
| Other long-term liabilities |  | 23.3 |  |  | 12.9 |  |  | 36.3 |  |  | 40.4 |
|  |  | $ | 437.9 |  |  | $ | 652.9 |  |  | $ | 418.3 |  |  | $ | 635.8 |
Foreign currency contracts | Short-term derivative assets, net |  | $ | 11.2 |  |  | $ | 4.4 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |
| Identifiable intangible and other non-current assets |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 0.4 |
|  |  | $ | 11.4 |  |  | $ | 4.6 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  | $ | 449.3 |  |  | $ | 657.5 |  |  | $ | 421.1 |  |  | $ | 637.0 |
Total derivatives |  |  | $ | 472.8 |  |  | $ | 845.8 |  |  | $ | 436.8 |  |  | $ | 769.1 |

For information regarding our derivative instruments measured at fair value after netting and collateral see Note 7.
The following table summarizes the gross notional values of our commodity and foreign currency exchange derivative contracts used for risk management purposes that were outstanding as of September 30, 2019 (in millions):

|  | As of September 30,
Derivative Instruments |  | Units |  | 2019
Commodity contracts |  |  |  |
Long |  | BBL |  | 88.8 |
Short |  | BBL |  | (77.9 | )
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  |  |  |
Sell U.S. dollar, buy other currencies |  | USD |  | (106.3 | )
Buy U.S. dollar, sell other currencies |  | USD |  | 378.2 |

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As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the following amounts were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges (in millions):

Line item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in which the hedged item is included |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged Asset/(Liabilities) |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Asset/(Liabilities)
|  | As of |  | As of
|  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Inventory |  | $ | 40.8 |  |  | $ | 44.7 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (6.6 | )

The following table presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedges on income and expense line items in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (in millions):

|  |  | Location and Amount of Gain and (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
|  | Revenue |  | Cost of Revenue |  | Revenue |  | Cost of Revenue
Total amounts of income and expense line items in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedged are recorded |  | $ | 9,322.7 |  |  | $ | 9,017.0 |  |  | $ | 10,429.5 |  |  | $ | 10,162.8 |
Gains or Loss on fair value hedge relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Hedged Item |  | — |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | 8.7 |
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |  |  | (7.1 | )
Gains or Loss on cash flow hedge relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 13.7 |  |  | (6.6 | ) |  | 12.7 |
Total amount of income and expense line items excluding the impact of hedges |  | $ | 9,322.9 |  |  | $ | 9,031.5 |  |  | $ | 10,436.1 |  |  | $ | 10,177.2 |
|  |  | Location and Amount of Gain and (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
|  |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
|  | Revenue |  | Cost of Revenue |  | Revenue |  | Cost of Revenue
Total amounts of income and expense line items in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedged are recorded |  | $ | 27,460.9 |  |  | $ | 26,635.6 |  |  | $ | 29,761.7 |  |  | $ | 29,005.4 |
Gains or Loss on fair value hedge relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Hedged Item |  | — |  |  | 14.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 25.4 |
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | — |  |  | (12.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23.5 | )
Gains or Loss on cash flow hedge relationships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income |  | (6.5 | ) |  | 31.1 |  |  | (30.6 | ) |  | 41.1 |
Total amount of income and expense line items excluding the impact of hedges |  | $ | 27,467.4 |  |  | $ | 26,668.7 |  |  | $ | 29,792.3 |  |  | $ | 29,048.4 |

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no gains or losses recognized in earnings related to our fair value or cash flow hedges that were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
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The following table presents the effect and financial statement location of our derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on our accumulated other comprehensive income, Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (in millions):

Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | For the Three Months Ended |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income | For the Three Months Ended
September 30, |  | September 30,
Derivative Instruments | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Location | 2019 |  | 2018
Commodity contracts | $ | 41.6 |  |  | $ | (46.4 | ) |  | Revenue | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | (6.6 | )
Commodity contracts | (19.8 | ) |  | 46.9 |  |  | Cost of Revenue | 13.7 |  |  | 12.7 |
Foreign Currency contracts | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | Other Income (expense) net | — |  |  | (0.7 | )
Total (Loss) Gain | $ | 21.7 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | Total (Loss) Gain | $ | 13.5 |  |  | $ | 5.5 |
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | For the Nine Months Ended |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income | For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, |  | September 30,
Derivative Instruments | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Location | 2019 |  | 2018
Commodity contracts | $ | (136.1 | ) |  | $ | (74.1 | ) |  | Revenue | $ | (6.5 | ) |  | $ | (30.6 | )
Commodity contracts | 153.9 |  |  | 77.0 |  |  | Cost of Revenue | 31.1 |  |  | 41.1 |
Foreign Currency contracts | — |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  | Other Income (expense) net | — |  |  | (0.7 | )
Total Gain | $ | 17.7 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | Total Gain | $ | 24.6 |  |  | $ | 9.9 |

The following table presents the effect and financial statement location of our derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (in millions):

Amount of Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) |  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  | September 30,
Derivative Instruments - Non-designated |  | Location |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Commodity contracts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Revenue |  | $ | 39.7 |  |  | $ | 17.5 |
|  | Cost of revenue |  | (25.4 | ) |  | (21.4 | )
|  |  |  | $ | 14.3 |  |  | $ | (3.9 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Revenue |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |
|  | Other (expense), net |  | 9.0 |  |  | (2.1 | )
|  |  |  | $ | 9.9 |  |  | $ | (1.9 | )
Total Gain (Loss) |  |  |  | $ | 24.2 |  |  | $ | (5.8 | )
Amount of Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) |  |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  |  |  | September 30,
Derivative Instruments - Non-designated |  | Location |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Commodity contracts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Revenue |  | $ | 184.2 |  |  | $ | 61.6 |
|  | Cost of revenue |  | (148.3 | ) |  | (65.2 | )
|  |  |  | $ | 35.8 |  |  | $ | (3.6 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Revenue |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |
|  | Other (expense), net |  | 8.2 |  |  | 1.2 |
|  |  |  | $ | 9.0 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |
Total Gain (Loss) |  |  |  | $ | 44.8 |  |  | $ | (1.3 | )

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Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features
We enter into derivative instrument contracts which may require us to provide collateral periodically. Certain derivative contracts contain credit-risk-related contingent clauses which are triggered by credit events. These credit events may include the requirement to provide additional collateral or the immediate settlement of the derivative instruments upon the occurrence of a credit downgrade or if certain defined financial ratios fall below an established threshold. The following table presents the potential collateral requirements for derivative liabilities with credit-risk-contingent features (in millions):

|  | Potential Collateral Requirements for Derivative Liabilities with Credit-Risk-Contingent Features
|  | As of September 30, 2019 |  | As of December 31, 2018
Net derivatives liability positions with credit contingent features |  | $ | 23.0 |  |  | $ | 7.2 |
Maximum potential collateral requirements |  | $ | 23.0 |  |  | $ | 7.2 |

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was no collateral held by our counterparties on these derivative contracts with credit-risk-contingent features.
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5. Goodwill
Goodwill arises because the purchase price paid for our acquisitions reflects numerous factors, including the strategic fit and expected synergies these acquisitions bring to our existing operations. Goodwill is initially recorded at fair value and is reviewed at least annually for impairment.
The following table provides the components of and changes in the carrying amount of goodwill (in millions):

|  | Aviation |  |  | Land |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 322.9 |  |  | $ | 529.8 |  |  | $ | 852.7 |
Foreign exchange and other adjustments |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (5.4 | ) |  | (5.8 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 322.5 |  |  | $ | 524.4 |  |  | $ | 846.9 |

6. Debt, Interest Income, Expense and Other Finance Costs
On July 23, 2019, we amended our Credit Agreement to, among other things, (i) increase the borrowing capacity of the Credit Facility to $1.3 billion, (ii) increase the Term Loans to $525.0 million, (iii) modify and extend the final maturity date to July 2024, and (iv) modify certain financial and other covenants to reduce costs and provide greater operating flexibility. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility totaling $150.0 million and $170.0 million, respectively and Term Loan with outstanding principal of $518.9 million and $514.8 million, respectively. Accordingly, based on the terms of the modified Credit Facility, the current maturities of long-term debt was $12.5 million as of September 30, 2019.
Our debt consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Credit Facility |  | $ | 150.0 |  |  | $ | 170.0 |
Term Loans |  | 518.9 |  |  | 514.8 |
Finance Leases |  | 16.3 |  |  | 13.8 |
Other |  | 2.2 |  |  | 2.3 |
Total debt |  | $ | 687.4 |  |  | $ | 701.0 |
Current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases |  | $ | 16.4 |  |  | $ | 41.1 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 671.0 |  |  | $ | 659.9 |

The following table provides additional information about our interest income (expense), and other financing costs, net, for the periods presented (in millions):

|  | For the Three Months Ended | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 | 2019 |  | 2018
Interest income |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  | $ | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |
Interest expense and other financing costs |  | (21.2 | ) |  | (19.1 | ) | (63.3 | ) |  | (55.1 | )
|  | $ | (19.5 | ) |  | $ | (18.3 | ) | $ | (59.1 | ) |  | $ | (52.5 | )

t
7. Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate fair value based on the short-term maturities of these instruments. The carrying values of our debt and notes receivables approximate fair value since these instruments bear interest either at variable rates or fixed rates which are not significantly different from market rates. Based on the fair value hierarchy, our total debt of $0.7 billion and $0.7 billion as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and our notes receivable of $20.5 million and $28.2 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, are categorized in Level 2.
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The following table presents information about our gross assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):

| Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2019
|  | Level 1 Inputs |  |  | Level 2 Inputs |  |  | Level 3 Inputs |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 346.0 |  |  | $ | 99.0 |  |  | $ | 16.4 |  |  | $ | 461.4 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | — |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 11.4 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance |  | — |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.7 |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 346.0 |  |  | $ | 119.2 |  |  | $ | 16.4 |  |  | $ | 481.6 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 352.3 |  |  | $ | 71.1 |  |  | $ | 10.5 |  |  | $ | 433.9 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |
Total liabilities at fair value |  | $ | 352.3 |  |  | $ | 74.0 |  |  | $ | 10.5 |  |  | $ | 436.8 |
| Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018
|  | Level 1 Inputs |  |  | Level 2 Inputs |  |  | Level 3 Inputs |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 585.6 |  |  | $ | 254.6 |  |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 841.2 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | — |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.6 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance |  | — |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.3 |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 585.6 |  |  | $ | 265.6 |  |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 852.1 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 556.5 |  |  | $ | 211.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 767.9 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.2 |
Total liabilities at fair value |  | $ | 556.5 |  |  | $ | 212.4 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 769.1 |

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the periods presented. Additionally, the fair values of our commodity contracts measured using Level 3 inputs were not material at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
For our derivative contracts, we may enter into master netting, collateral and offset agreements with counterparties. These agreements provide us the ability to offset a counterparty’s rights and obligations, request additional collateral when necessary or liquidate the collateral in the event of counterparty default. We net the fair value of cash collateral paid or received against fair value amounts recognized for net derivative positions executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting or offset agreement.
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The following tables summarize those commodity derivative balances subject to the right of offset as presented on our consolidated balance sheet. We have elected to offset the recognized fair value amounts for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty in our financial statements when a legal right of offset exists.

| Fair Value as of September 30, 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts |  |
|  | Gross Amounts |  | Gross Amounts |  | Net Amounts |  | Cash |  | without |  |
|  | Recognized |  | Offset |  | Presented |  | Collateral |  | Right of Offset |  | Net Amounts
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 461.4 |  |  | $ | 384.7 |  |  | $ | 76.8 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 75.2 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | 11.4 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9.5 |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 472.8 |  |  | $ | 386.6 |  |  | $ | 86.3 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 84.7 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 433.9 |  |  | $ | 384.7 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42.3 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | 2.9 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Total liabilities at fair value |  | $ | 436.8 |  |  | $ | 386.6 |  |  | $ | 50.2 |  |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43.3 |

| Fair Value as of December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts |  |
|  | Gross Amounts |  | Gross Amounts |  | Net Amounts |  | Cash |  | without |  |
|  | Recognized |  | Offset |  | Presented |  | Collateral |  | Right of Offset |  | Net Amounts
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 841.2 |  |  | $ | 646.0 |  |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 3.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 192.1 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | 4.6 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.7 |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 845.8 |  |  | $ | 647.0 |  |  | $ | 198.8 |  |  | $ | 3.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 195.8 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities contracts |  | $ | 767.9 |  |  | $ | 646.0 |  |  | $ | 121.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 121.9 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
Total liabilities at fair value |  | $ | 769.1 |  |  | $ | 647.0 |  |  | $ | 122.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 122.2 |

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we did not present any amounts gross on our consolidated balance sheet where we had the right of offset.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The individual over-the-counter (OTC) counterparty exposure is managed within predetermined credit limits and includes the use of cash-call margins when appropriate, thereby reducing the risk of significant nonperformance. At September 30, 2019, none of our OTC counterparties represented over 10% of our total credit exposure to OTC derivative counterparties.
8. Income Taxes
Our income tax provision for the periods presented and the respective effective income tax rates for such periods are as follows (in millions, except for income tax rates):

|  | For the Three Months Ended | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 | 2019 |  | 2018
Income tax provision |  | $ | 21.5 |  |  | $ | 23.0 |  | $ | 55.5 |  |  | $ | 42.7 |
Effective income tax rate |  | 30.3 | % |  | 37.3 | % | 30.9 | % |  | 30.1 | %

Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $21.5 million and $23.0 million, respectively, and our effective income tax rate was 30.3% and 37.3%, respectively. The provision for the three months ended
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September 30, 2019 includes an adjustment for an income tax benefit of $1.3 million, net, for discrete tax items related primarily to the closure of a US federal income tax audit for the 2013 to 2016 tax years, adjustments based on the filing of income tax returns in several US and foreign jurisdictions, and the recording of a valuation allowance against foreign tax credit carryforward attributes for US tax purposes. The provision for the three months ended September 30, 2018 includes an adjustment for an income tax expense of $1.5 million, net, for discrete tax items primarily related to changes in valuation allowances for net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. state tax purposes. Without the discrete tax items, the effective income tax rate would have been 32.2% and 34.9%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $55.5 million and $42.7 million, respectively, and our effective income tax rate was 30.9% and 30.1%. The provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes an adjustment for an income tax benefit of $3.3 million, net, for discrete items primarily related to adjustments that should have been recognized in a prior period, the closure of a US federal income tax audit for the 2013 to 2016 tax years, and the recording of a valuation allowance in the U.S. and various states. See Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies for additional information. The provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes an adjustment for an income tax benefit of $7.4 million, net, for discrete items primarily related to an adjustment pursuant to the accounting for the Tax Reform Act, changes in valuation allowances in various jurisdictions, and an adjustment for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASU 2016-09. Without the $3.3 million net discrete tax benefit in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the $7.4 million tax benefit in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the effective income tax rate would have been 32.7% and 35.3%, respectively.
We have various income tax returns under examination. The most significant of these are in South Korea for the 2011 to 2014 tax years and Denmark for the 2013 to 2015 tax years. In 2016, the South Korean branch of one of our subsidiaries received income tax assessment notices for the years 2011 to 2014 totaling $9.4 million (KRW 11.3 billion). We believe that these assessments are without merit and are currently appealing the actions. In addition, during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, one of our Danish subsidiaries received an audit inquiry from the Danish tax authority relating to transfer pricing and related issues for the tax years 2013 to 2015. We have been responding to the request and related questions and in April 2019, we received a proposed tax adjustment for the 2013 tax year which is not material. We have not yet received any proposed tax adjustments with respect to the 2014 or 2015 tax years. We believe that the proposed adjustment received for the 2013 tax year is without merit and are defending our positions.
An unfavorable resolution of one or more of the above matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the quarter and year in which an adjustment is recorded or the tax is due or paid. As audits and examinations are still in process or we have not yet reached the final stages of the appeals process, the timing of the ultimate resolution and any payments that may be required for the above matters cannot be determined at this time.
9. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Our contracts with customers primarily require us to deliver fuel and fuel-related products, while other arrangements require us to complete agreed-upon services. Revenue from the sale of fuel is recognized when our customers obtain control of the fuel, which is typically upon delivery of each promised gallon or barrel to an agreed-upon delivery point. We generally recognize revenue for services provided over the contract period when services have been performed based on our right to invoice for those services.
Our contracts may contain fixed or variable pricing (such as market or index-based pricing) or some combination of those. Within our land and aviation segments, contracts with customers may include multi-year sales contracts, which are priced at market-based indices and require minimum volume purchase commitments from our customers. The consideration expected from these contracts is considered variable due to the market-based pricing and the variability is not resolved until delivery is made to our customers. We have elected to apply the optional exemption from estimating and disclosing the variable consideration from our remaining performance obligations under these contracts.
We also have fixed price fuel and fuel-related product sale contracts with a contract term of less than one year (typically one month). For these contracts, we apply the optional exemption, to not disclose the amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. We also apply this exemption to those contracts in which the right to consideration corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the entity's performance to date. In limited cases, we may have multi-period fixed price contracts. Because our long-term supply arrangements that exceed one year are typically based on market index prices as previously discussed, the transaction price associated with remaining performance obligations under multi-year fixed price fuel sale contracts are not significant.
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The following table presents our revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major geographic areas we conduct business in. Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method (in millions).

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Aviation |  | $ | 327.0 |  |  | $ | 379.8 |  |  | $ | 1,032.2 |  |  | $ | 1,135.5 |
Land |  | 3.8 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 12.7 |  |  | 2.6 |
Marine |  | 747.0 |  |  | 978.3 |  |  | 2,175.4 |  |  | 2,581.9 |
Asia Pacific |  | $ | 1,077.8 |  |  | $ | 1,358.9 |  |  | $ | 3,220.4 |  |  | $ | 3,720.0 |
Aviation |  | $ | 1,155.3 |  |  | $ | 1,122.1 |  |  | $ | 2,883.2 |  |  | $ | 2,754.9 |
Land |  | 580.9 |  |  | 605.1 |  |  | 1,791.1 |  |  | 1,920.6 |
Marine |  | 655.7 |  |  | 914.7 |  |  | 2,046.7 |  |  | 2,384.3 |
EMEA |  | $ | 2,391.8 |  |  | $ | 2,641.9 |  |  | $ | 6,721.1 |  |  | $ | 7,059.8 |
Aviation |  | $ | 579.4 |  |  | $ | 468.0 |  |  | $ | 1,739.7 |  |  | $ | 1,435.5 |
Land |  | 153.3 |  |  | 136.1 |  |  | 441.8 |  |  | 476.7 |
Marine |  | 136.5 |  |  | 156.6 |  |  | 471.3 |  |  | 439.9 |
LATAM |  | $ | 869.2 |  |  | $ | 760.8 |  |  | $ | 2,652.8 |  |  | $ | 2,352.1 |
Aviation |  | $ | 2,689.7 |  |  | $ | 3,098.7 |  |  | $ | 8,166.3 |  |  | $ | 9,019.3 |
Land |  | 1,787.3 |  |  | 2,078.4 |  |  | 5,306.3 |  |  | 6,179.3 |
Marine |  | 397.4 |  |  | 433.6 |  |  | 1,079.8 |  |  | 1,071.5 |
North America |  | $ | 4,874.5 |  |  | $ | 5,610.7 |  |  | $ | 14,552.4 |  |  | $ | 16,270.1 |
Other revenues (excluded from ASC 606) |  | $ | 109.4 |  |  | $ | 57.3 |  |  | $ | 314.2 |  |  | $ | 359.8 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 9,322.7 |  |  | $ | 10,429.5 |  |  | $ | 27,460.9 |  |  | $ | 29,761.7 |

Other revenues (excluded from ASC 606) in the table above includes revenue from leases and other transactions that we account for following separate guidance. Our contract assets and liabilities balances, and the changes in these balances, were not material as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
The nature of the receivables related to revenue from contracts with customers and other revenue are substantially similar, given that they are generated from transactions with the same type of counterparties (e.g., separate fuel sales and storage lease with the same counterparty) and are entered into considering the same credit approval and monitoring procedures for all customers. As such, we believe the risk associated with the cash flows from the different types of receivables is not meaningful to separately disaggregate the accounts receivable balance presented on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Furthermore, the contract assets and contract liabilities recognized by the Company were not material.
10. Business Segments
We operate in three reportable segments consisting of aviation, land and marine. Corporate expenses are allocated to the segments based on usage, where possible, or on other factors according to the nature of the activity. Our operating segments are determined based on the different markets in which we provide products and services, which are defined primarily by the customers and the products and services provided to those customers. Accordingly, our aviation, land and marine segments are organized based on the specific markets their functional business components serve, which are primarily businesses and governmental customers operating in those respective markets.
In our aviation segment, we offer fuel and related products and services to major commercial airlines, second and third-tier airlines, cargo carriers, regional and low-cost carriers, airports, fixed based operators, corporate fleets, fractional operators, private aircraft. In addition, we supply products and services to U.S. and foreign government, intergovernmental and military customers, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency.
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In our land segment, we offer fuel, lubricants, power and natural gas solutions through Kinect, our global energy management services platform, and related products and services to customers including petroleum distributors operating in the land transportation market, retail petroleum operators, and industrial, commercial, residential and government customers.
Our marine segment product and service offerings include fuel, lubricants and related products and services to a broad base of customers, including international container and tanker fleets, commercial cruise lines, yachts and time charter operators, offshore rig owners and operators, the U.S. and foreign governments as well as other fuel suppliers.
Within each of our segments, we may enter into derivative contracts to mitigate the risk of market price fluctuations and also to offer our customers fuel pricing alternatives to meet their needs.
Information concerning our revenue, gross profit and income from operations by segment is as follows (in millions):

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
Revenue: |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Aviation segment |  | $ | 4,743.0 |  |  | $ | 5,025.3 |  |  | $ | 13,780.8 |  |  | $ | 14,218.9 |
Land segment |  | 2,555.8 |  |  | 2,854.4 |  |  | 7,712.4 |  |  | 8,675.3 |
Marine segment |  | 2,023.9 |  |  | 2,549.8 |  |  | 5,967.7 |  |  | 6,867.5 |
|  | $ | 9,322.7 |  |  | $ | 10,429.5 |  |  | $ | 27,460.9 |  |  | $ | 29,761.7 |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aviation segment |  | $ | 156.9 |  |  | $ | 140.7 |  |  | $ | 411.7 |  |  | $ | 378.0 |
Land segment |  | 95.4 |  |  | 83.0 |  |  | 288.6 |  |  | 273.8 |
Marine segment |  | 53.4 |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  | 104.5 |
|  | $ | 305.7 |  |  | $ | 266.7 |  |  | $ | 825.3 |  |  | $ | 756.3 |
Income from operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aviation segment |  | $ | 86.3 |  |  | $ | 76.4 |  |  | $ | 215.4 |  |  | $ | 188.3 |
Land segment |  | 13.4 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 46.2 |  |  | 37.7 |
Marine segment |  | 20.6 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 44.2 |  |  | 30.9 |
|  | 120.3 |  |  | 98.6 |  |  | 305.9 |  |  | 256.9 |
Corporate overhead - unallocated |  | (26.7 | ) |  | (20.5 | ) |  | (66.7 | ) |  | (60.4 | )
|  | $ | 93.6 |  |  | $ | 78.2 |  |  | $ | 239.2 |  |  | $ | 196.4 |

Information concerning our accounts receivable, net and total assets by segment is as follows (in millions):

|  | As of
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Accounts receivable, net: |  |  |  |
Aviation segment, net of allowance for bad debt of $15.8 and $17.7 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively |  | $ | 1,074.7 |  |  | $ | 992.2 |
Land segment, net of allowance for bad debt of $3.1 and $2.7 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively |  | 820.9 |  |  | 846.1 |
Marine segment, net of allowance for bad debt of $18.4 and $19.0 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively |  | 793.2 |  |  | 901.2 |
|  | $ | 2,688.8 |  |  | $ | 2,739.6 |
Total assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aviation segment |  | $ | 2,416.4 |  |  | $ | 2,261.0 |
Land segment |  | 2,114.3 |  |  | 2,178.1 |
Marine segment |  | 1,032.7 |  |  | 1,124.2 |
Corporate |  | 234.1 |  |  | 113.6 |
|  | $ | 5,797.5 |  |  | $ | 5,676.9 |

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During each of the periods presented on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, none of our customers accounted for more than 10% of total consolidated revenue. Sales to government customers, which principally consist of sales to NATO in support of military operations in Afghanistan, have accounted for a material portion of our profitability in recent years. The profitability associated with our government business can be significantly impacted by supply disruptions, border closures, road blockages, hostility-related product losses, inventory shortages and other logistical difficulties that can arise when sourcing and delivering fuel in areas that are actively engaged in war or other military conflicts. Our sales to government customers may fluctuate significantly from time to time as a result of the foregoing factors, as well as the level of troop deployments and related activity in a particular region or area or the commencement, extension, renewal or completion of existing and new government contracts. See "Item 1A - Risk Factors” of our 2018 10-K Report.
11. Earnings per Common Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods presented (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to World Fuel |  | $ | 48.2 |  |  | $ | 38.2 |  |  | $ | 122.4 |  |  | $ | 98.1 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares for basic earnings per common share |  | 65.3 |  |  | 67.5 |  |  | 66.4 |  |  | 67.5 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |
Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per common share |  | 65.7 |  |  | 67.7 |  |  | 66.7 |  |  | 67.8 |
Weighted average securities which are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share because their impact is anti-dilutive or their performance conditions have not been met |  | 0.7 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.3 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 1.45 |

12. Commitments and Contingencies
Tax Matters
From time to time, we are under review by various domestic and foreign tax authorities with regard to indirect tax matters and are involved in various challenges and litigation in a number of countries, including, in particular, Brazil and South Korea, where the amounts under controversy may be material. We believe that these assessments are without merit and are currently appealing the actions.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the South Korean branch of one of our subsidiaries received assessments of approximately $9.9 million (KRW 11.9 billion) and during the quarter ended June 30, 2017, an assessment for an additional $16.7 million (KRW 20.1 billion) from the regional tax authorities of Seoul, South Korea. The assessments primarily consist of fines and penalties for allegedly failing to issue Value Added Tax ("VAT") invoices and report certain transactions during the period 2011-2014. These assessments do not involve failure to pay or collect VAT. We believe that these assessments are without merit and are currently appealing the actions.
We are also involved in a number of tax disputes with federal, state and municipal tax authorities in Brazil, relating primarily to a VAT tax known as "ICMS". These disputes are at various stages of the legal process, including the administrative review phase and the collection action phase, and include assessments of fixed amounts of principal and penalties, plus interest. One of our Brazilian subsidiaries is currently appealing an assessment from the Brazilian tax authorities relating to the ICMS rate used for
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certain transactions. The total amount of approximately $13.0 million (BRL 54.1 million) primarily consists of interest and penalties. We believe that the assessment is without merit and are pursuing our remedies in the judicial court system.
When we deem it appropriate and the amounts are reasonably estimable, we establish reserves for potential adjustments to our provision for the accrual of indirect taxes that may result from examinations or other actions by tax authorities. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of benefits in the period we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimates of any of our federal, state, and foreign indirect tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, it could result in a further charge to expense. Except with respect to the matters described above, we believe that the final outcome of any pending examinations, agreements, administrative or judicial proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows.
Other Matters
We are also a party to various claims, complaints and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business including, but not limited to, environmental claims, commercial and governmental contract claims, such as property damage, demurrage, personal injury, billing and fuel quality claims, as well as bankruptcy preference claims and tax and administrative claims. We have established loss provisions for these ordinary course claims as well as other matters in which losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. As of September 30, 2019, we had recorded certain reserves which were not material. For those matters where a reserve has not been established and for which we believe a loss is reasonably possible, as well as for matters where a reserve has been recorded but for which an exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued is reasonably possible, we believe that such losses will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. However, any adverse resolution of one or more such claims, complaints or proceedings during a particular period could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures for that period.
Our estimates regarding potential losses and materiality are based on our judgment and assessment of the claims utilizing currently available information. Although we will continue to reassess our reserves and estimates based on future developments, our objective assessment of the legal merits of such claims may not always be predictive of the outcome and actual results may vary from our current estimates.
13. Restructuring
During the fourth quarter of 2017, we initiated an enterprise-wide restructuring plan that was designed to streamline the organization and reallocate resources to better align our organizational structure and costs with our strategy. The restructuring plan involves reviewing certain non-core businesses and assets, our organizational structure, and expected business prospects in the markets we serve, as well as our existing technology platforms. These activities are expected to be completed by year end 2019.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we incurred $6.3 million in restructuring charges, comprised principally of employee-related costs and included in compensation and employee benefits in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Our accrued restructuring charges as of September 30, 2019, are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.
The following table provides a summary of our restructuring activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in millions):

| Aviation |  | Land |  | Marine |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 1.4 |  | $ | 12.6 |  | $ | 2.6 |  | $ | 4.0 |  | $ | 20.7 |
Restructuring-related costs | 0.8 |  | 2.6 |  | 1.1 |  | 1.7 |  | 6.3 |
Paid during the period | (1.6 | ) | (8.7 | ) | (2.2 | ) | (5.4 | ) | (17.9 | )
Restructuring charges as of September 30, 2019 | $ | 0.6 |  | $ | 6.6 |  | $ | 1.5 |  | $ | 0.4 |  | $ | 9.0 |

14. Leases
We enter into lease arrangements for the use of offices, operational facilities, vehicles, vessels, storage tanks and other assets for our operations around the world. Some of these leases are embedded within other arrangements. When an arrangement includes
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both lease and non-lease components, we have elected to combine them and treat them as a lease component for all of our current leased asset classes.
Determining whether a contract contains a lease includes judgment regarding whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Assessing whether we have obtained the right to substantially all of the economic benefits and the ability to direct how, and for what purpose, the asset is used requires more judgment in storage arrangements where we must determine whether our rights to capacity may represent substantially all of the available capacity at a location.
Some of these arrangements are for periods of twelve months or less, while others are for longer periods, and may include optional renewals, terminations or purchase options, which are considered in our assessments when they are reasonably certain to occur. In addition, certain of these arrangements contain payments based on an index, market-based escalation or volume which may impact future payments. Most of our leases typically contain general covenants, restrictions or requirements such as maintaining minimum insurance coverage.
We account for our lease-related assets and liabilities based on their classification as operating leases or finance leases, following the relevant accounting guidance. We measure lease related assets and liabilities based on the present value of lease payments, including in-substance fixed payments, variable payments that depend on an index or rate measured at the commencement date, and the amount we believe is probable we will pay the lessor under residual value guarantees when applicable. We discount lease payments based on our estimated incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement (or modification), which is primarily based on our estimated credit rating, the lease term at commencement, and the contract currency of the lease arrangement. We have elected to exclude short term leases (leases with an original lease term less than one year) from the measurement of lease related assets and liabilities.
For the quarter ended September 30, 2019, we recognized the following related to our lease arrangements (in millions):

| For the Three Months Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Finance lease cost: |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 0.7 |  |  | 1.1 |
Operating lease cost | 13.3 |  |  | 39.8 |
Short-term lease cost | 3.8 |  |  | 13.3 |
Variable lease cost | 1.2 |  |  | 3.5 |
Sublease income | (3.2 | ) |  | (8.2 | )
Total lease cost | $ | 16.6 |  |  | $ | 52.7 |

As of September 30, 2019, our remaining lease payments were as follows (in millions):

| Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
2019 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2019) | $ | 12.9 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |
2020 | 41.3 |  |  | 4.2 |
2021 | 33.1 |  |  | 3.3 |
2022 | 26.6 |  |  | 2.9 |
2023 | 21.7 |  |  | 2.3 |
Thereafter | 64.0 |  |  | 4.0 |
Total remaining lease payments (undiscounted) | 199.6 |  |  | 17.7 |
Less: imputed interest | 36.2 |  |  | 1.4 |
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 163.3 |  |  | $ | 16.3 |

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As of December 31, 2018, our future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases were as follows (in millions):

Year Ended December 31,
2019 | $ | 50.7 |
2020 | 37.1 |
2021 | 30.7 |
2022 | 23.7 |
2023 | 17.8 |
Thereafter | 48.5 |
| $ | 208.6 |

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases (in millions):

| Classification |  | As of September 30, 2019
Assets |  |  |
Operating Lease Assets | Identifiable intangible and other non-current assets |  | $ | 157.7 |
Finance Lease Assets | Property and equipment, net |  | 15.0 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Operating Lease Liability - Current | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  | 37.3 |
Operating Lease Liability - Long Term | Other long-term liabilities |  | 126.1 |
Finance Lease Liability - Current | Current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases |  | 3.8 |
Finance Lease Liability - Long Term | Long-term debt |  | 12.5 |

Other information related to leases as of September 30, 2019:

| Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | 6.5 |  |  | 5.5 |
Weighted-average discount rate | 6.0 | % |  | 3.1 | %
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (in millions): |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | 39.8 |  |  | — |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | — |  |  | 2.9 |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liability (noncash in millions) | 22.1 |  |  | — |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new financing lease liability (noncash in millions) | — |  |  | 5.3 |

Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our 2018 10-K Report and the consolidated financial statements and related notes in “Item 1 — Financial Statements” appearing elsewhere in this 10-Q Report. The following discussion may contain forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ materially from the results suggested by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that may cause our results to differ are disclosed in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our 2018 10-K Report.
Forward-Looking Statements
This 10-Q Report and the information incorporated by reference in it, or made by us in other reports, filings with the SEC, press releases, teleconferences, industry conferences or otherwise, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any
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statement that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or achievements, and may contain the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” “plan,” or words or phrases of similar meaning. Specifically, this 10-Q Report includes forward-looking statements about (i) our expectations regarding the future strategic goals for our business; (ii) our expectations regarding the conditions in the aviation, land, and marine markets, including volume and fuel prices, and the impact on our business, (ii) our expectations about the financial impact of portfolio rationalization and our ability to redeploy such capital into activities with sustainable revenue and expected returns, (iii) our expectations regarding government-related activity, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the related profit contribution, (iv) our beliefs regarding our competitive advantages and our ability to capitalize on these to drive growth, (v) estimates regarding the short and long-term savings and synergies from our cost-savings initiatives, (vi) our expectations regarding our working capital, liquidity, capital expenditure requirements and other strategic investments, (vii) our expectations and estimates regarding certain tax, legal and accounting matters, including the impact on our financial statements, (viii) our expectations regarding the financial and operational impact of our investments in automation and technology, (ix) our expectations regarding the financial impact of previous acquisitions, including estimates of future expenses and our ability to realize estimated synergies, and (x) estimates regarding the financial impact of our derivative contracts. These forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by cautionary statements and risk factor disclosures contained in our SEC filings.
These forward-looking statements are estimates and projections reflecting our best judgment and involve risks, uncertainties or other factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the estimates and projections reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may prove to be incorrect. Our actual results may differ materially from the future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results and events anticipated or implied by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

• | customer and counterparty creditworthiness and our ability to collect accounts receivable and settle derivative contracts;

• | sudden changes in the market price of fuel;

• | loss of or reduced sales to NATO in Afghanistan under our supply contract;

• | the availability of cash and sufficient liquidity to fund our working capital and strategic investment needs;

• | changes in the political, economic or regulatory environment generally and in the markets in which we operate, such as IMO 2020 (defined below);

• | our failure to effectively hedge certain financial risks and other risks associated with derivatives;

• | changes in credit terms extended to us from our suppliers;

• | changes in U.S. or foreign tax laws (including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act), interpretations of such laws, changes in the mix of taxable income among different tax jurisdictions, or adverse results of tax audits, assessments, or disputes;

• | non-performance of suppliers on their sale commitments and customers on their purchase commitments;

• | non-performance of third-party service providers;

• | adverse conditions in the industries in which our customers operate;

• | our ability to meet financial forecasts associated with our operating plan;

• | lower than expected valuations associated with our cash flows and revenues, which could impair our ability to realize the value of recorded intangible assets and goodwill;

• | the impact of cyber and other information security-related incidents;

• | currency exchange fluctuations and the impacts associated with Brexit;

• | ability to effectively leverage technology and operating systems and realize the anticipated benefits;

• | failure of fuel and other products we sell to meet specifications;

• | our ability to effectively integrate and derive benefits from acquired businesses;

• | our ability to achieve the expected level of benefit from our restructuring activities and cost reduction initiatives;

• | material disruptions in the availability or supply of fuel;

• | environmental and other risks associated with the storage, transportation and delivery of petroleum products;

• | risks associated with operating in high-risk locations, including supply disruptions, border closures and other logistical difficulties that arise when working in these areas;

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• | uninsured losses;

• | the impact of natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes;

• | seasonal variability that adversely affects our revenues and operating results;

• | our failure to comply with restrictions and covenants in our senior revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) and our senior term loans (“Term Loans”);

• | declines in the value and liquidity of cash equivalents and investments;

• | our ability to retain and attract senior management and other key employees;

• | our failure to generate sufficient future taxable income in jurisdictions with material deferred tax assets and net operating loss carryforwards;

• | our ability to comply with U.S. and international laws and regulations including those related to anti-corruption, economic sanction programs and environmental matters;

• | the outcome of litigation and other proceedings, including the costs associated in defending any actions;

• | increases in interest rates; and

• | other risks, including those described in “Item 1A - Risk Factors” in our 2018 10-K Report and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.

We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all of those risks, nor can we assess the impact of all of those risks on our business or the extent to which any factor may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and unless required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly update any of them in light of new information, future events, or otherwise. Any public statements or disclosures by us following this report that modify or impact any of the forward-looking statements contained in or accompanying this 10-Q Report will be deemed to modify or supersede such forward-looking statements.
For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Business Outlook
We are a leading global fuel services company, principally engaged in the distribution of fuel and related products and services in the aviation, land and marine transportation industries. In recent years, we have expanded our product and service offerings to include energy advisory services and supply fulfillment with respect to natural gas and power and transaction and payment management solutions to commercial and industrial customers. We endeavor to become a leading global energy management company, offering a full suite of energy advisory, management and fulfillment services and technology solutions across the energy product spectrum. We also seek to become a leading transaction and payment management company, offering payment management solutions to commercial and industrial customers, principally in the aviation, land and marine transportation industries.
The overall aviation market remains strong, benefiting from continued growth in global passenger demand, and airline profitability remains healthy. Our aviation segment has benefited from our increased logistics capability and we have expanded our aviation fueling operations footprint into additional international territories and airport locations. Our aviation segment has also benefited from continued strong demand from government customers, principally NATO in Afghanistan and sales to NATO account for a material portion of our aviation segment's profitability. During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, NATO exercised the first of its three one-year renewal options in our contract. While our government-related operations remain strong, global events and military-related activities, as well as the level of troop deployments, can cause our government customer sales to vary significantly from period to period and materially impact our results of operations.
Our land segment has grown primarily through acquisitions as we seek to build out our land fuel distribution capabilities in the U.S. and the U.K. Recently, our land segment has been negatively impacted by our decision to reposition the portfolio and reduce certain supply and trading activities which were not generating a sufficient or predictable economic return as a result of market conditions. In addition, our operating results in the U.S. and U.K. are impacted by weather conditions and accordingly, unseasonably warm weather has adversely impacted our year-to-date results in 2019. Meanwhile, our land segment has continued to benefit from strong sales to government customers, particularly NATO in Afghanistan, however, these sales can also be significantly impacted by global events and military-related activities, as well as the level of troop deployments. We continue to focus on supplying more sustainable end-user demand to provide greater leverage and ratability
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in our operating model, as well as driving operational excellence and improving our technology platform to reduce transaction processing costs.
Our marine segment results have been strong in recent periods despite challenging conditions within the global shipping and offshore exploration markets. We believe overall volumes in our marine segment have stabilized and higher average fuel prices, combined with our focus on prudent credit risk management and cost management, have improved profitability. The implementation of mandatory fuel standards, such as the International Maritime Organization's regulations limiting sulfur in fuel oil used on ships that will be effective on January 1, 2020 ("IMO 2020") has already resulted in certain supply imbalances and price volatility that has positively impacted our results recently. We believe that these changes in the regulatory landscape will provide additional opportunities for us to create value-added solutions for our customers and further enhance profitability.
We continue to focus on rationalizing our operating model and portfolio of businesses to gain efficiencies through various initiatives that are ongoing throughout the company. We are investing in automation and technology throughout our businesses, which we expect will ultimately enhance our value proposition while lowering our cost, reducing cycle time and improving scalability. Furthermore, we have continued to implement our enterprise-wide restructuring plan, designed to streamline the organization and reallocate resources to align more effectively our organizational structure and costs with our ultimate strategy to improve operating efficiencies. The restructuring program has involved rationalizing non-core businesses and investments, refining our organizational structure, and advancing business prospects in the markets we serve, as well as exiting certain business activities and reinvesting in our core businesses to improve scalability. We expect this portfolio rationalization will free up additional capital to invest in activities with sustainable revenue and adequate returns while we continue to manage our working capital and inventory in a volatile fuel price environment.
Reportable Segments
We operate in three reportable segments consisting of aviation, land and marine, where we offer fuel and related products and services to commercial and industrial customers in each of these transportation industries. Within each of our segments, we may enter into derivative contracts to mitigate the risk of market price fluctuations and also to offer our customers fuel pricing alternatives to meet their needs.
In our aviation segment, we primarily purchase and resell fuel and other products, as well as provide aviation fueling and other related services. Profit from our aviation segment is primarily determined by the volume and the gross profit achieved on fuel sales and related services. In our marine and land segments, we primarily purchase and resell fuel and also act as brokers for others. Profit from our marine and land segments is determined largely by the volume and gross profit achieved on fuel resales and by the volume and commission rate of the brokering business. Profitability in all of our segments also depends on our operating expenses, which can be materially affected to the extent that we are required to provide for potential bad debt.
Corporate expenses are allocated to each segment based on usage, where possible, or other factors according to the nature of the activity. We evaluate and manage our business segments using the performance measurement of income from operations. Selected financial information with respect to our business segments is provided in Note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in this 10‑Q Report.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Revenue. Our revenue for the third quarter of 2019 was $9.3 billion, a decrease of $1.1 billion, or 10.6%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. Our revenue during these periods was attributable to the following segments (in millions):

|  | For the Three Months ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Aviation segment |  | $ | 4,743.0 |  |  | $ | 5,025.3 |  |  | $ | (282.3 | )
Land segment |  | 2,555.8 |  |  | 2,854.4 |  |  | (298.6 | )
Marine segment |  | 2,023.9 |  |  | 2,549.8 |  |  | (526.0 | )
|  | $ | 9,322.7 |  |  | $ | 10,429.5 |  |  | $ | (1,106.8 | )

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Revenues in our aviation segment were $4.7 billion for the third quarter of 2019, a decrease of $282.3 million, or 5.6% as compared to the third quarter of 2018, driven principally by lower average jet fuel prices in the third quarter of 2019, where the average price per gallon sold was $2.05, as compared to $2.30 in the third quarter of 2018. The decrease in revenue due to the lower average price per gallon was partly offset by higher volume sold during the period, where total aviation volumes for the third quarter of 2019 were 2.2 billion gallons, an increase of 4.1%, as compared to the comparable prior year period. The increased volumes were primarily attributable to growth in our international fueling operations in Europe and Mexico.
Revenues in our land segment were $2.6 billion for the third quarter of 2019, a decrease of $298.6 million, or 10.5%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. The decrease in revenue was a result of lower average fuel prices in the third quarter of 2019, as compared to the third quarter of 2018, where the average price per gallon sold was $1.88, as compared to $2.12 in 2018. Volumes in our land segment were 1.4 billion gallons for the third quarter of 2019, effectively flat as compared to the third quarter of 2018.
Revenues in our marine segment were $2.0 billion for the third quarter of 2019, a decrease of $526.0 million, or 20.6%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. The decrease in revenues resulted principally from lower average bunker fuel prices, where the average price per metric ton sold was $366.7 in the third quarter of 2019, as compared to $427.4 in 2018. Volumes in our marine segment also declined 7.5% to 5.5 million metric tons in the third quarter of 2019, as compared to 2018, driven principally by our decision to discontinue certain low margin, low return activities in Asia.
Gross Profit. Our gross profit for the third quarter of 2019 was $305.7 million, an increase of $39.0 million, or 14.6%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018.
Our gross profit during these periods was attributable to the following segments (in millions):

|  | For the Three Months ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Aviation segment |  | $ | 156.9 |  |  | $ | 140.7 |  |  | $ | 16.3 |
Land segment |  | 95.4 |  |  | 83.0 |  |  | 12.4 |
Marine segment |  | 53.4 |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | 10.4 |
|  | $ | 305.7 |  |  | $ | 266.7 |  |  | $ | 39.0 |

Our aviation segment gross profit for the third quarter of 2019 was $156.9 million, an increase of $16.3 million, or 11.6%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. The increase in aviation gross profit was primarily due to further growth in our government-related operations and continued strength in our core commercial and business aviation activities.
Our land segment gross profit for the third quarter of 2019 was $95.4 million, an increase of $12.4 million, or 14.9%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. The increase in land segment gross profit was primarily attributable to growth in our government-related operations, commercial and industrial activities, as well as our MultiService payment solutions business.
Our marine segment gross profit for the third quarter of 2019 was $53.4 million, an increase of $10.4 million, or 24.1%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. The gross profit increase was due to improved profitability in our core resale operations, as well as supply disruptions during the latter part of the third quarter which created significant supply shortages and market price volatility, resulting in higher profitability in Asia.
Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses for the third quarter of 2019 were $212.0 million, an increase of $23.5 million, or 12.5%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increases in employee incentive compensation as a result of improving operating performance, as well as a higher provision for bad debt principally related to the bankruptcy of a large aviation customer during the third quarter of 2019. The following table sets forth our expense categories (in millions):
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|  | For the Three Months ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Compensation and employee benefits |  | $ | 129.2 |  |  | $ | 117.9 |  |  | $ | 11.3 |
General and administrative |  | 82.8 |  |  | 70.6 |  |  | 12.2 |
|  | $ | 212.0 |  |  | $ | 188.5 |  |  | $ | 23.5 |

Income from Operations. Income from operations during these periods was attributable to the following segments (in millions):

|  | For the Three Months ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Aviation segment |  | $ | 86.3 |  |  | $ | 76.4 |  |  | $ | 10.0 |
Land segment |  | 13.4 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 5.6 |
Marine segment |  | 20.6 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 6.2 |
|  | 120.3 |  |  | 98.6 |  |  | 21.7 |
Corporate overhead - unallocated |  | (26.7 | ) |  | (20.5 | ) |  | (6.2 | )
|  | $ | 93.6 |  |  | $ | 78.2 |  |  | $ | 15.5 |

Our income from operations for the third quarter of 2019 was $93.6 million, an increase of $15.5 million, or 19.8%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018. The improvements in operating profitability reported for the first half of 2019 continued into the third quarter across all three reporting segments. Within our aviation segment, the increase was primarily due to higher profitability in our government-related operations and continued strength in our core commercial and business aviation activities, partially offset by a higher provision for bad debt. Within our marine segment, we generated higher operating income as a result of improved profitability in our core resale business, partially offset by a higher provision for bad debt. Improved profitability in our land segment was driven primarily by growth in our government-related operations, commercial and industrial activities, as well as our MultiService payment solutions business.
Corporate overhead costs not charged to the business segments for the third quarter of 2019 were $26.7 million, an increase of $6.2 million, or 30.4%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018, primarily attributable to employee incentive compensation.
Non-Operating Expenses, net. For the third quarter of 2019, we had non-operating expenses of $22.8 million, an increase of $6.4 million as compared to the third quarter of 2018, driven principally by litigation-related accruals.
Income Taxes. For the third quarter of 2019, our effective income tax rate was 30.3% and our income tax provision was $21.5 million, as compared to an effective income tax rate of 37.3% and an income tax provision of $23.0 million for the third quarter of 2018. The lower effective income tax rate for the third quarter of 2019 was primarily related to differences in discrete items year-over-year and our mix of income being generated in tax jurisdictions with varying income tax rates. See Note 8 - Income Taxes for additional information.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. For the third quarter of 2019, net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $1.2 million, an increase of 111.7%, as compared to the third quarter of 2018.
Net Income and Diluted Earnings per Common Share. For the third quarter of 2019, we had a net income of $48.2 million and diluted earnings per common share of $0.73 as compared to net income of $38.2 million and diluted earnings per common share of $0.56 for the third quarter of 2018.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Revenue. Our revenue for the first nine months of 2019 was $27.5 billion, a decrease of $2.3 billion, or 7.7%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018. Our revenue during these periods was attributable to the following segments (in millions):

|  | For the Nine Months Ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Aviation segment |  | $ | 13,780.8 |  |  | $ | 14,218.9 |  |  | $ | (438.1 | )
Land segment |  | 7,712.4 |  |  | 8,675.3 |  |  | (962.9 | )
Marine segment |  | 5,967.7 |  |  | 6,867.5 |  |  | (899.8 | )
|  | $ | 27,460.9 |  |  | $ | 29,761.7 |  |  | $ | (2,300.8 | )

Revenues in our aviation segment were $13.8 billion for the first nine months of 2019, a decrease of $0.4 billion, or 3.1%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018, driven principally by lower average jet fuel prices per gallon sold in the first nine months of 2019, where the average price per gallon sold was $2.07, as compared to $2.21 in the first nine months of 2018. The decrease in average price per gallon was partially offset by higher volume sold during the period. Total volumes for the first nine months of 2019 were 6.3 billion gallons, an increase of 2.3%, as compared to the comparable prior year period. The increased volumes were primarily attributable to growth in our international fueling operations in Europe and Mexico.
Revenues in our land segment were $7.7 billion for the first nine months of 2019, a decrease of $1.0 billion, or 11.1%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018. The overall decrease in revenue was influenced by lower average fuel price per gallon sold in the first nine months of 2019, where the average price per gallon sold was $1.90, as compared to $2.05 in the first nine months of 2018. Volumes in our land segment decreased by 4.9%, to 4.0 billion gallons, for the first nine months of 2019, as compared to the first nine months of 2018. The land volume decrease was driven principally by our decision to reposition the portfolio and exit certain non-core supply and trading activities in North America, which were not generating a sufficient economic return.
Revenues in our marine segment were $6.0 billion for the first nine months of 2019, a decrease of $0.9 billion, or 13.1%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018. The decrease in revenues was driven by lower average bunker fuel prices, where the average price per metric ton sold was $377.0 in the first nine months of 2019 as compared to $389.6 in 2018. Volumes in our marine segment were 15.8 million metric tons, a decrease of 10.2%, for the first nine months of 2019 as compared to the 2018 period, driven principally by our decision to discontinue certain low margin, low return activities in Asia.
Gross Profit. Our gross profit for the first nine months of 2019 was $825.3 million, an increase of $69.0 million, or 9.1%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018.
Our gross profit during these periods was attributable to the following segments (in millions):

|  | For the Nine Months Ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Aviation segment |  | $ | 411.7 |  |  | $ | 378.0 |  |  | $ | 33.7 |
Land segment |  | 288.6 |  |  | 273.8 |  |  | 14.8 |
Marine segment |  | 125.0 |  |  | 104.5 |  |  | 20.5 |
|  | $ | 825.3 |  |  | $ | 756.3 |  |  | $ | 69.0 |

Our aviation segment gross profit for the first nine months of 2019 was $411.7 million, an increase of $33.7 million, or 8.9%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018. The increase in aviation gross profit was primarily due to further growth in our government-related operations and continued strength in our core commercial and business aviation activities, partially offset by the negative impact of declining market prices through the first nine months of 2019 as compared to 2018.
Our land segment gross profit for the first nine months of 2019 was $288.6 million, an increase of $14.8 million, or 5.4%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018. The increase in land segment gross profit is primarily attributable togrowth in our
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government-related operations, commercial and industrial activities, as well as our MultiService payment solutions business. These increases were partially offset by lower market prices in 2019, as compared to 2018.
Our marine segment gross profit for the first nine months of 2019 was $125.0 million, an increase of $20.5 million, or 19.6%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018. The gross profit increase was principally driven by improved profitability in our core resale operations.
Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses for the first nine months of 2019 were $586.2 million, an increase of $26.3 million, or 4.7%, as compared to 2018. The total increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increases in employee incentive compensation as a result of improving operating performance, as well as a higher provision for bad debt principally due to the bankruptcy filing of a customer in the aviation segment during the third quarter of 2019. The following table sets forth our expense categories (in millions):

|  | For the Nine Months Ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Compensation and employee benefits |  | $ | 353.3 |  |  | $ | 342.0 |  |  | $ | 11.2 |
General and administrative |  | 232.9 |  |  | 217.8 |  |  | 15.1 |
|  | $ | 586.2 |  |  | $ | 559.8 |  |  | $ | 26.3 |

Income from Operations. Income from operations during these periods was attributable to the following segments (in millions):

|  | For the Nine Months Ended |  |
|  | September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | $ Change
Aviation segment |  | $ | 215.4 |  |  | $ | 188.3 |  |  | $ | 27.1 |
Land segment |  | 46.2 |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 8.5 |
Marine Segment |  | 44.2 |  |  | 30.9 |  |  | 13.3 |
|  | 305.9 |  |  | 256.9 |  |  | 49.0 |
Corporate overhead - unallocated |  | (66.7 | ) |  | (60.4 | ) |  | (6.2 | )
|  | $ | 239.2 |  |  | $ | 196.4 |  |  | $ | 42.7 |

Our income from operations for the first nine months of 2019 was $239.2 million, an increase of $42.7 million, or 21.8%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018, and includes $3.4 million of operating income, which was recorded during the quarter ending March 31, 2019, to correct an item that should have been recognized in 2018. The improved operating income was primarily the result of higher profitability across all three reporting segments. Our aviation segment benefited from higher profitability in our government-related operations and continued strength in our core commercial and business aviation activities, partially offset by higher provision for bad debt. Our marine segment experienced higher profitability from the core resale business, partially offset by a higher provision for bad debt. In our land segment, improved profitability was driven primarily by growth in our government-related operations, commercial and industrial activities, as well as our MultiService payment solutions business. The increases in profitability were partially offset by an increase in employee incentive compensation.
Corporate overhead costs not charged to the business segments for the first nine months of 2019 were $66.7 million, an increase$6.2 million, or 10.3% as compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily attributable to employee incentive compensation.
Non-Operating Expenses, net. For the first nine months of 2019, we had non-operating expenses, net of $59.4 million, an increase of $4.9 million as compared to the first nine months of 2018 driven principally by an increase in interest and fees associated with our receivable purchase programs and litigation-related accruals. These expenses were partially offset by gains on the disposal of certain non-core assets and foreign currency transactions.
Income Taxes. For the first nine months of 2019, our effective income tax rate was 30.9% and our income tax provision was $55.5 million, as compared to an effective income tax rate of 30.1% and an income tax provision of $42.7 million for the first nine months of 2018. The higher effective income tax rate for the first nine months of 2019 was impacted by various discrete items
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and our mix of income being generated in tax jurisdictions with varying income tax rates. See Note 8 - Income Taxes for additional information.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest. For the first nine months of 2019, net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $1.9 million, an increase of 65.8%, as compared to the first nine months of 2018.
Net Income and Diluted Earnings per Common Share. For the first nine months of 2019, we had a net income of $122.4 million and diluted earnings per common share of $1.84 as compared to net income of $98.1 million and diluted earnings per common share of $1.45 for the first nine months of 2018.
Our net income for the first nine months of 2019 includes a net discrete tax benefit of $6.6 million ($3.2 million recorded in March 2019 and $3.5 million recorded in September 2019) with respect to foreign tax filings and $3.4 million of operating income ($2.3 million after-tax) recorded in March 2019. All of which should have been recognized in prior periods. Excluding these misstatements, which we have determined were not material to the three months ending March 31, 2019, three and nine months ending September 30, 2019 and 2018, our net income would have been $113.5 million, or $1.70 per diluted common share for the nine months ending September 30, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity, consisting of cash and cash equivalents and availability under the Credit Facility fluctuates based on a number of factors, including the timing of receipts from our customers and payments to our suppliers as well as changes in fuel prices. Availability under our Credit Facility is also limited by, among other things, our financial leverage ratio, which limits the total amount of indebtedness we may incur, and may, therefore, fluctuate from period to period.
Cash and liquidity are significant priorities for us and our primary use of cash and liquidity is to fund working capital and strategic investments. Increases in fuel prices can negatively affect liquidity by increasing the amount of cash required to fund fuel purchases. In addition, while we are usually extended unsecured trade credit from our suppliers for our fuel purchases, higher fuel prices may reduce the amount of fuel we can purchase on an unsecured basis, and in certain cases, we may be required to prepay fuel purchases, which would negatively impact our liquidity. Fuel price increases may also negatively impact our customers, in that they may not be able to purchase as much fuel from us because of their credit limits with us and the resulting adverse impact on their business could cause them to be unable to make payments owed to us for fuel purchased on credit. They may also choose to reduce the amount of fuel they consume in their operations to reduce costs. In any such event, the volume of orders from our customers may thereafter decrease, and we may not be able to replace lost volumes with new or existing customers.
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2019 and available funds from our Credit Facility, together with cash flows generated by operations, remain sufficient to fund our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. In addition, to further enhance our liquidity profile, we may choose to raise additional funds which may or may not be needed for additional working capital, capital expenditures or other strategic investments. Our opinions concerning liquidity are based on currently available information and to the extent this information proves to be inaccurate, or if circumstances change, future availability of trade credit or other sources of financing may be reduced, and our liquidity would be adversely affected. Factors that may affect the availability of trade credit or other forms of financing include our financial performance (as measured by various factors, including cash provided by operating activities), the state of worldwide credit markets, and our levels of outstanding debt. Depending on the severity and direct impact of these factors on us, financing may be limited or unavailable on terms favorable to us.
Cash Flows
The following table reflects the major categories of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions). For additional details, please see the consolidated statements of cash flows.

|  | For the Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | 168.7 |  |  | $ | (316.0 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |  | (55.1 | ) |  | 299.0 |
Net cash (used in) financing activities |  | (103.1 | ) |  | (212.0 | )

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*The adoption of ASU 2016-15 resulted in operating cash flow decreases and investing cash flow increases of $357.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
At the beginning of 2018, accounting standards update 2016-15 (“ASU 2016-15”) became effective for us and provided revised guidance on the presentation of certain items, including those associated with retained beneficial interests in accounts receivable sale programs. Under the terms of our receivables purchase agreements (“RPAs”) with Wells Fargo and Citibank, we were entitled to retained beneficial interests, which gave us the right to receive additional cash consideration of either 10% or 6%, as a result of receiving cash consideration equal to either 90% or 94%, respectively of the total accounts receivables balance. Under the revised guidance, previously disclosed cash inflows attributable to held beneficial interests were no longer treated as a component of accounts receivables, net in operating activities, but instead were classified separately as an investing activity. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, however, we amended the RPAs with Wells Fargo and Citibank to remove the retained beneficial interests, allowing us to sell 100% of our outstanding qualifying accounts receivable balances and receive cash consideration equal to the total balance, less a discount margin equal to LIBOR plus 1% to 3%.
Operating Activities. For the first nine months of 2019, net cash provided by operating activities was $168.7 million as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $316.0 million for the first nine months of 2018. The $484.7 million change in operating cash flows was principally due to year-over-year changes in accounts receivables, accounts payable and derivatives. The $796.7 million increase in cash provided by changes in accounts receivable, which was partly impacted by the adoption of Accounting Standard Update 2016-15 that resulted in decreases in accounts receivable in 2018, was offset by a $517.4 million increase in cash used in accounts payable were primarily associated with the timing of collections and payments. Cash flows provided by derivative contracts, net of cash collateral with financial counterparties, increased by $119.8 million as compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily as a result of the expiration and realization of favorable positions during the period.
Investing Activities. For the first nine months of 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $55.1 million as compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $299.0 million for the first nine months of 2018. The $354.1 million change in investing activities cash flows was principally due to decreased cash receipts of retained beneficial interests in accounts receivable sales, resulting from the amendment of our RPA arrangement with Wells Fargo and Citibank.
Financing Activities. For the first nine months of 2019, net cash used in financing activities was $103.1 million as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $212.0 million for the first nine months of 2018. The $108.9 million change was principally due to a $161.7 million decrease in net repayment of debt under our credit facility in the first nine months of 2019 as compared to the first nine months of 2018, partly offset by a $45.4 million increase in cash used for the repurchase of common stock.
Other Liquidity Measures
Cash and Cash Equivalents. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $218.5 million and $211.7 million, respectively.
Credit Facility and Term Loans. In July 2019, we amended our Credit Agreement to, among other things, (i) increase the borrowing capacity of the Credit Facility to $1.3 billion, (ii) increase the Term Loans to $525.0 million, (iii) extend the maturity date to July 2024, and (iv) modify certain financial and other covenants to reduce costs and provide greater operating flexibility. Our Credit Agreement, as amended through September 30, 2019, consists of a revolving loan under which up to $1.3 billion aggregate principal amount could be borrowed, repaid and redrawn, based upon specific financial ratios and subject to the satisfaction of other customary conditions to borrowing. Our Credit Facility includes a sublimit of $400.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit and bankers' acceptances, and we have the right to request increases in available borrowings up to an additional $200.0 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. In addition, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had $518.9 million and $514.8 million in Term Loans outstanding, respectively.
As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility totaling $150.0 million and $170.0 million, respectively. Our issued letters of credit under the Credit Facility totaled $3.8 million and $4.1 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the unused portion of our Credit Facility was $1.1 billion and $985.9 million. The unused portion of our revolving Credit Facility is limited by, among other things, our financial leverage ratio, which limits the total amount of indebtedness we may incur, and may, therefore, fluctuate from period to period.
Our Credit Facility and Term Loans contain certain financial and other covenants with which we are required to comply. Our failure to comply with the covenants contained in our Credit Facility and our Term Loans could result in an event of default. An event of default, if not cured or waived, would permit acceleration of any outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and our Term Loans, trigger cross-defaults under certain other agreements to which we are a party and impair our ability to obtain
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working capital advances and issue letters of credit, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in our Credit Facility and our Term Loans.
Other Agreements. Additionally, we have other uncommitted credit lines primarily for the issuance of letters of credit, bank guarantees and bankers’ acceptances. These credit lines are renewable on an annual basis and are subject to fees at market rates. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees under these credit lines totaled $390.7 million and $303.6 million, respectively. We also have RPAs that allow for the sale of up to an aggregate of $725.0 million of our accounts receivable. Our sold accounts receivable under the RPAs was $453.8 million and $508.2 million, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Short-Term Debt. As of September 30, 2019, our short-term debt of $16.4 million primarily represents the current maturities (within the next twelve months) of Term Loan borrowings, certain promissory notes related to acquisitions and finance lease obligations.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Except for changes in the contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements described below, there were no other material changes from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019. For a discussion of these matters, refer to “Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” in Item 7 of our 2018 10-K Report.
Contractual Obligations
Derivative Obligations. As of September 30, 2019, our net derivative obligations were $45.6 million, principally due within one year.
Purchase Commitment Obligations. As of September 30, 2019, fixed purchase commitments under our derivative programs amounted to $71.0 million, principally due within one year.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Letters of Credit and Bank Guarantees. In the normal course of business, we are required to provide letters of credit to certain suppliers. A majority of these letters of credit expire within one year from their issuance, and expired letters of credit are renewed as needed. As of September 30, 2019, we had issued letters of credit and bank guarantees totaling $394.5 million under our Credit Facility and other uncommitted credit lines. For additional information on our Credit Facility and other credit lines, see the discussion in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” above.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, in the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” in this 10-Q Report.

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Derivatives
For information about our derivative instruments, at their respective fair value positions as of September 30, 2019, see Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Note 4. Derivatives.
There have been no material changes to our exposures to interest rate or foreign currency risk since December 31, 2018. Please refer to our 2018 10-K Report for a complete discussion of our exposure to these risks.
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this 10-Q Report, we evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2019.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.
It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there is only the reasonable assurance that our controls will succeed in achieving their goals under all potential future conditions.
Part II — Other Information

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

On July 20, 2016, we were informed that the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) was conducting an investigation into the aviation fuel supply industry, including certain activities by us and other industry participants at an airport in Central America. In connection therewith, we were served with formal requests by the DOJ about our activities at that airport and our aviation fuel supply business more broadly. On August 5, 2019, we were informed by the DOJ that it had closed its investigation with respect to us without taking any action against us.
From time to time, we are under review by the IRS and various other domestic and foreign tax authorities with regards to income tax and indirect tax matters and are involved in various challenges and litigation in a number of countries, including, in particular, Brazil, Denmark and South Korea, where the amounts under controversy may be material. During the third quarter of 2019, the IRS closed its income tax audit of our 2013 to 2016 tax years, the overall results of which were not material to our financial statements. See Notes 8 and 12 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details regarding certain tax matters.
We are a party to various claims, complaints and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business including, but not limited to, environmental claims, commercial and governmental contract claims, such as property damage, demurrage, personal injury, billing and fuel quality claims, as well as bankruptcy preference claims and administrative claims. We are not currently a party to any such claim, complaint or proceeding that we expect to have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. However, any adverse resolution of one or more such claims, complaints or proceedings during a particular reporting period could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements or disclosures for that period.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information with respect to repurchases of common stock made by us during the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019:
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Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
7/1/2019 - 7/31/2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 114,580,349 |
8/1/2019 - 8/31/2019 |  | 298 |  |  | 37.66 |  |  | — |  |  | 114,580,349 |
9/1/2019 - 9/30/2019 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 114,580,349 |
Total |  | 298 |  |  | $ | 37.66 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 114,580,349 |

(1) These amounts include shares purchased as part of our publicly announced programs and shares owned and tendered by employees to satisfy the required withholding taxes related to share-based payment awards, which are not deducted from shares available to be purchased under publicly announced programs.
(2) In October 2017, our Board of Directors ("Board") approved a common stock repurchase program which replaced the remainder of the existing program and authorized the purchase of up to $100.0 million in common stock (the “Repurchase Program”). In May 2019, our Board approved a $100 million increase to the Repurchase Program, increasing the available authorization remaining under the Repurchase Program to approximately $150 million. The Repurchase Program does not require a minimum number of shares of common stock to be purchased, has no expiration date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As of September 30, 2019, approximately $114.6 million remains available for purchase under the Repurchase Program. The timing and amount of shares of common stock to be repurchased under the Repurchase Program will depend on market conditions, share price, securities law and other legal requirements and factors.
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Item 6. | Exhibits

The exhibits set forth in the following index of exhibits are filed as part of this 10-Q Report:

Exhibit No. |  | Description
10.1 |  | Amendment No. 5 to Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and Joinder Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2019, among World Fuel Services Corporation, World Fuel Services Europe, Ltd., World Fuel Services (Singapore) Pte Ltd, and certain other Subsidiaries, as borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the financial institutions named therein as lenders (incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 24, 2019).
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d — 14(a).
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d — 14(a).
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | The following materials from World Fuel Services Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language); (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 31, 2019 | World Fuel Services Corporation
| /s/ Michael J. Kasbar
| Michael J. Kasbar
| Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
| /s/ Ira M. Birns
| Ira M. Birns
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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