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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of U.S. and foreign income before income taxes
U.S. and foreign income before income taxes consist of the following (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
United States$(90.3)$(47.7)$51.2 
Foreign235.4 147.8 110.5 
Income (loss) before income taxes$145.1 $100.0 $161.7 
Schedule of components of income tax provision (benefit)
Our total income tax provision (benefit) related to income before income taxes consists of the following components (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Current:
U.S. federal statutory tax$4.2 $4.4 $10.1 
State2.2 1.4 2.6 
Foreign42.9 22.4 42.9 
Current income tax expense (benefit)49.2 28.2 55.6 
Deferred:
U.S. federal statutory tax(4.6)2.2 — 
State0.6 2.7 — 
Foreign(14.5)(12.5)(14.4)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(18.5)(7.6)(14.4)
Non-current tax expense (income) (1)
(1.5)5.3 10.9 
Total provision for income taxes$29.2 $25.8 $52.1 
(1)Non-current tax expense (income) is primarily related to income tax associated with the reserve for uncertain tax positions, including associated interest and penalties.
Reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to effective income tax rate
A reconciliation of the tax provision calculated using the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to our tax provision is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Tax provision based on U.S. federal statutory tax rate$30.5 $21.0 $34.0 
Foreign rates varying from federal statutory tax rate(5.4)(10.3)(21.5)
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit0.7 1.8 3.6 
U.S. taxes on foreign earnings and other tax reform impacts29.7 11.1 12.0 
Uncertain tax positions(1.5)5.3 10.9 
Foreign currency, statutory adjustments, and tax rate changes(3.8)0.6 (3.1)
Non-taxable interest income & non-deductible interest expense2.1 (2.1)1.5 
Valuation allowances(13.3)(6.6)15.6 
Non-deductible officer compensation1.0 1.5 1.9 
Withholding Tax7.8 6.2 1.6 
Foreign tax credit(25.0)(5.6)(9.2)
Other (1)
6.6 2.9 4.9 
Total provision for income taxes$29.2 $25.8 $52.1 
(1)Includes a gain of sale of company of $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Schedule of net deferred tax liabilities
The temporary differences which comprise our net deferred tax liabilities are as follows (in millions):
As of December 31,
20222021
Gross Deferred Tax Assets:
Bad debt reserve and accrued expenses$12.0 $20.1 
Net operating loss56.7 45.9 
Accrued and other share-based compensation26.1 16.6 
U.S. foreign income tax credits8.3 1.4 
Unrealized foreign exchange, derivatives, and cash flow hedges— 10.7 
Interest expense limitations18.4 26.2 
Other15.4 5.2 
Total gross deferred tax assets136.8 126.2 
Less: Valuation allowance (1)
26.1 39.7 
Gross deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance110.7 86.5 
Deferred Tax Liabilities:  
Depreciation(26.7)(23.9)
Goodwill and intangible assets(70.8)(55.9)
Unrealized foreign exchange, derivatives, and cash flow hedges(7.0)— 
Deferred tax costs on foreign unrepatriated earnings(11.8)(10.6)
Other(4.3)(11.7)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities(120.6)(102.0)
Net deferred tax liability$9.9 $15.5 
Net deferred tax asset$— $— 
Reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as:  
Other non-current assets for deferred tax assets, non-current$68.0 $44.8 
Non-current income tax liabilities, net for deferred tax liabilities, non-current$77.9 $60.3 
(1)During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized additional valuation allowances of $4.8 million relating primarily to the 2022 results of certain our worldwide entities and released valuation allowances totaling $18.4 million relating to certain of our non-US entities.
Schedule of expiration of NOL carryforward This deferred tax asset expires as follows (in millions):
Net Operating LossExpiration DateDeferred Tax Asset
US States2023-2042$12.2 
US StatesIndefinite4.3 
Foreign2023-20424.7 
ForeignIndefinite35.4 
Total$56.7 
Summary of income tax concessions
The increase (decrease) to our foreign income taxes from the Singapore tax concession was as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Singapore tax concession impact on foreign income tax$(3.3)$(1.1)$(2.4)
Impact on basic earnings per share$(0.05)$(0.02)$(0.04)
Impact on diluted earnings per share$(0.05)$(0.02)$(0.04)
Schedule of reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits
The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of gross Unrecognized Tax Liabilities for the year (in millions):
 202220212020
Gross Unrecognized Tax Liabilities – opening balance$75.1 $78.2 $66.5 
Gross increases – tax positions in prior period2.2 2.4 4.8 
Gross decreases – tax positions in prior period(8.0)(6.1)(0.5)
Gross increases – tax positions in current period2.0 3.5 12.3 
Settlements(1.6)— (0.1)
Payments1.6 — — 
Lapse of statute of limitations(3.3)(2.9)(4.8)
Gross Unrecognized Tax Liabilities – ending balance$68.1 $75.1 $78.2 
Schedule of open tax years by jurisdiction with major uncertain tax positions The following table summarizes open tax years by major jurisdiction:
Open Tax Year
JurisdictionExamination
in progress
Examination not
yet initiated
Denmark2013 - 20192020 - 2022
United StatesNone2020 - 2022
United KingdomNone2020 - 2022
SingaporeNone2018 - 2022
Other non-U.S.None2013 - 2022