<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-24-052940.txt : 20240426
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240426161301
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-24-052940
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	10-K/A
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20231231
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240426
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240426

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AVADEL PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001012477
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		10-K/A
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37977
		FILM NUMBER:		24883889

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		BLOCK 10-1 BLANCHARDSTOWN CORPORATE PARK
		STREET 2:		BALLYCOOLIN
		CITY:			DUBLIN
		STATE:			L2
		ZIP:			15
		BUSINESS PHONE:		636-449-1830

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		16640 CHESTERFIELD GROVE ROAD
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			CHESTERFIELD
		STATE:			MO
		ZIP:			63005

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	FLAMEL TECHNOLOGIES SA
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19960422
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<p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM&#160;<span id="xdx_902_edei--DocumentType_c20230101__20231231_zTAxlNcqKR2l"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" id="Fact000012" name="dei:DocumentType">10-K/A</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Amendment No.&#160;1)</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<b>ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION&#160;13 OR 15(d)&#160;OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in"><b>OR</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--DocumentTransitionReport_c20230101__20231231_zjnvfIsZzrkh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000015" name="dei:DocumentTransitionReport">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>TRANSITION
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>For the transition period ____________ to ____________</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(g)&#160;of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and pursuant
to Rule&#160;405 of Regulation S-T (&#167;232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit such files). <span id="xdx_90C_edei--EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_c20230101__20231231_zqhpw0Prto8k"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" id="Fact000033" name="dei:EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">Yes</ix:nonNumeric></span>&#160;</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">x</span> &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;No&#160;<span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer&#8221;, &#8220;accelerated filer&#8221;, &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221;,
and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_908_edei--EntityFilerCategory_c20230101__20231231_zB3cDyISzP8l"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" format="ixt-sec:entityfilercategoryen" id="Fact000034" name="dei:EntityFilerCategory">Large
accelerated filer</ix:nonNumeric></span> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">x</span></td><td style="text-align: justify; width: 70%">Accelerated filer <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></td>
</tr><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-accelerated
filer</span> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt">&#168;</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Smaller reporting company <span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_903_edei--EntitySmallBusiness_c20230101__20231231_zv9JcxvOl2E3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000035" name="dei:EntitySmallBusiness">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
     <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Emerging
growth company </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_906_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20230101__20231231_zZZYPA69uO4g"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000036" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
     </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. &#160;</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness
of its internal control over financial reporting under Section&#160;404(b)&#160;of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the
registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_908_edei--IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag_c20230101__20231231_zxJQt9Vc8uo4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="Fact000037" name="dei:IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">x</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If securities
are registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_905_edei--DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag_c20230101__20231231_z14IRMpSJJCj"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000038" name="dei:DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant&#8217;s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to &#167;240.10D-1(b). </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Act). Yes&#160;&#160;</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;No&#160;<span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityShellCompany_dxL_c20230101__20231231_zVKX4UBxox47" title="::XDX::false"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: xdx2ixbrl0039">x</span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The aggregate market value of voting stock held
by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant&#8217;s most recently completed second fiscal quarter
was <span style="background-color: white">$<span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityPublicFloat_iI_c20230630_zmGhrKICTluk"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityPublicFloat" contextRef="AsOf2023-06-30" id="Fact000040" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="0" unitRef="USD">1,459,121,731</ix:nonFraction></span></span> based on the closing sale price of the registrant&#8217;s American Depositary
Shares as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market on June&#160;30, 2023. Such market value excludes <span style="background-color: white">781,680
</span>ordinary shares, $0.01 per share nominal value, which may be represented by the registrant&#8217;s American Depositary Shares,
held by each officer and director and by shareholders that the registrant concluded were affiliates of the registrant on that date. Exclusion
of such shares should not be construed to indicate that any such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the
direction of the management or policies of the registrant or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The number of the registrant&#8217;s ordinary
shares, $0.01 per share nominal value, outstanding as of April 24, 2024 was <span id="xdx_903_edei--EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_iI_c20240424_z0K5Hxkb9Zyb"><ix:nonFraction name="dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding" contextRef="AsOf2024-04-24" id="Fact000041" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" decimals="INF" unitRef="Shares">96,116,323</ix:nonFraction></span>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>EXPLANATORY NOTE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The registrant is filing this Amendment No.&#160;1
to Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K/A, or this Amendment (also referred to herein as this report), to amend the <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000101247724000008/avdl-20231231.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2023 (Commission File Number 001-37977)</a>, or the Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K, as filed
by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February&#160;29, 2024. The sole purpose of this Amendment
is to include in Part&#160;III the information previously omitted from the Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K in reliance on General Instruction
G(3)&#160;to Form&#160;10-K. This Amendment hereby amends the cover page, Part&#160;III,&#160;Items 10 through 14, and Part&#160;IV,&#160;Item
15 of the Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K. In addition, as required by Rule&#160;12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or the Exchange Act, new certifications by the registrant&#8217;s principal executive officer and principal financial officer
are filed as exhibits to this Amendment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">No attempt has been made in this Amendment to
modify or update the other disclosures presented in the Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K. This Amendment does not reflect events occurring
after the filing of the original report (i.e., those events occurring after February&#160;29, 2024) or modify or update those disclosures
that may be affected by subsequent events. Accordingly, this Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K
and the registrant&#8217;s other filings with the SEC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>In this report, unless otherwise indicated
or the context otherwise requires, all references to &#8220;Avadel,&#8221; &#8220;the registrant,&#8221; &#8220;the company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221;
&#8220;us,&#8221; and &#8220;our&#8221; refer to Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc and its consolidated subsidiaries.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>AVADEL PHARMACEUTICALS PLC</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>2023 Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Amendment No.&#160;1</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Page&#160;#</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="width: 1in; padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_001"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PART&#160;III</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 1in; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_002"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    10.</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_002"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Directors,
    Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="#a_002">4</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_003"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    11.</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_003"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive
    Compensation</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="#a_003">8</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="background-color: White">
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_004"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    12.</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_004"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Security
    Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="#a_004">23</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_005"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    13.</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_005"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain
    Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="#a_005">25</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_006"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    14.</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_006"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Principal
    Accounting Fees and Services</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="#a_006">27</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_007"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PART&#160;IV</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_008"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Item
    15.</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_008"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exhibits</span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="#a_008">29</a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-right: 2.65pt"><a href="#a_009"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="#a_009">33</a></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i><span id="a_001"></span>PART&#160;III</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b><span id="a_002"></span>Item&#160;10.</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Directors, Executive Officers
                                            and Corporate Governance.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth for each director
and the executive officers of the Company, their ages and positions with the Company as of April&#160;7, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 91%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.75in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 47%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 5%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Age</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 44%; padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Position</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gregory J. Divis</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">57</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer
    and Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas S. McHugh</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Richard J. Kim</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">54</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Commercial Officer</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Geoffrey M. Glass</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    Directors</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Eric J. Ende, M.D.</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">55</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mark A. McCamish, M.D., Ph.D.</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">71</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Linda S. Palczuk</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">62</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Peter J. Thornton</span></td>
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    <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">59</span></td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-left: 0.05pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Director</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Executive Officers</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Gregory
J. Divis</b></span> was appointed Chief Executive Officer and became a member of the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) in
June&#160;2019. He was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer of Avadel in January&#160;2017 and was promoted
to Chief Operating Officer in March&#160;2018. Mr.&#160;Divis brings to this role more than 25 years of experience in the pharmaceutical
industry and is responsible for managing commercial strategy and execution across all of the Company&#8217;s portfolio products. Prior
to joining Avadel, Mr.&#160;Divis served as an Executive Residence for Linden Capital, a middle-market healthcare-focused private equity
firm from June&#160;2015 to December&#160;2016. Prior to Linden Capital, from May&#160;2010 to November&#160;2014 Mr.&#160;Divis was
the President and Chief Executive Officer of Lumara Health (formerly known as K-V Pharmaceutical Company), a company engaged in the development
of proprietary drug delivery systems and formulation technologies, which was eventually acquired by AMAG Pharmaceuticals in November&#160;2014.
Mr.&#160;Divis has also held such notable roles as President, Ther-Rx Corporation, Vice-President, Business Development&#160;&amp; Lifecycle
Management at Sanofi-Aventis and Vice-President and General Manager, UK and Ireland, for Schering-Plough Corporation. Mr.&#160;Divis
is a graduate of the University of Iowa.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Thomas
S. McHugh</b></span> was appointed as Chief Financial Officer in December&#160;2019. Before joining Avadel, Mr.&#160;McHugh was the Senior
Vice President, Finance at Ironshore Pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical company, from November&#160;2018 to November&#160;2019. From December&#160;2014
to November&#160;2018, Mr.&#160;McHugh worked as an independent consultant at KTC Advisors, a consulting firm. Prior to KTC Advisors,
from January&#160;2009 to November&#160;2014, Mr.&#160;McHugh was the Chief Financial Officer of K-V Pharmaceutical Company, or K-V,
a company engaged in the development of proprietary drug delivery systems and formulation technologies, which was eventually acquired
by AMAG Pharmaceuticals in November&#160;2014. Mr.&#160;McHugh earned a B.S. in Finance from Bentley University and a M.S. in Accounting
from Northeastern University.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Richard
J. Kim</b></span> was appointed as Chief Commercial Officer in February&#160;2021. Prior to joining Avadel, Mr.&#160;Kim served as the
President of U.S. Commercial&#160;&amp; Strategic Marketing at Intercept Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc. (&#8220;Intercept&#8221;), a biopharmaceutical
company (Nasdaq: ICPT), from February&#160;2018 to February&#160;2021, and Senior Vice President of U.S. Commercial at Intercept, from
July&#160;2015 to January&#160;2018. Prior to joining Intercept, Mr.&#160;Kim worked at Bristol-Myers Squibb from September&#160;2004
to July&#160;2015, with his last leadership role being General Manager, Hepatitis C Worldwide Commercialization from September&#160;2012
to July&#160;2015. Prior to this, Mr.&#160;Kim held a number of roles of increasing responsibility leading sales, operational and strategic
marketing teams at Bristol-Myers Squibb, including Vice President, SPRYCEL&#8482; Brand Lead, Oncology Global Marketing; Vice President,
U.S. In-Line Oncology and Global Marketing; and Vice President, East Area Sales, Cardiovascular and Metabolics. Prior to his time at
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Mr.&#160;Kim held a range of senior positions in the U.S., Canada and Australia at Schering- Plough, which was
acquired by Merck&#160;&amp; Co.,&#160;Inc. Mr.&#160;Kim earned a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Alberta.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Non-Employee Directors</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Geoffrey
M. Glass</b></span> has been a member of the Board since July&#160;2018 and became Chair of the Board in December&#160;2018. Since January&#160;2021,
Mr.&#160;Glass has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Kiniciti, LLC, a company that invests in non-therapeutic companies supporting
cell and gene therapy innovation. He is also currently the Chairman of the Board at Ncardia, a drug discovery company focused on cardiovascular
and neurological diseases, serving in that role since November&#160;of 2021. Further, since June&#160;of 2022, Mr.&#160;Glass has served
as Chairman of the Board at Abzena, a biologics and bioconjugates development company. Mr.&#160;Glass has also been the Operating Partner
at LongueVue Capital. Previously, he was the Chief Executive Officer (from January&#160;2018 through September&#160;2018), and a member
of the board of directors (from November&#160;2017 through December&#160;2018), of Sancilio Pharmaceuticals, a specialty pharma company.
Mr.&#160;Glass was also a member of the board of directors for Locus Biosciences, a biotechnology company that develops CRISPR- engineered
precision antibacterial products, from August&#160;2015 to October&#160;2017. From April&#160;2009 to April&#160;2015, Mr.&#160;Glass
served as an executive committee member at Patheon N.V., a pharmaceutical contract development and manufacturing company. While at Patheon,
he held a number of senior leadership roles including President of Banner Life Sciences (a Patheon subsidiary), Executive Vice President
of Sales and Marketing, and Senior Vice President, Strategy, Corporate Development and Integration for Patheon. Before Patheon, Mr.&#160;Glass
worked in various executive positions at Valeant Pharmaceuticals (now Bausch Health), including Senior Vice President, Asia Region, and
Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer, and in both roles was a member of the company&#8217;s executive committee. Mr.&#160;Glass
began his career as a consultant in the life sciences practice for Capgemini Consulting (formerly EY Consulting). He received degrees
in Economics and Political Science from the University of Arizona.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe Mr.&#160;Glass&#8217;s extensive management
and financial experience makes him well qualified to serve as a director.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Dr.&#160;Eric
J. Ende</b></span> has been a member of the Board since December&#160;2018. Dr.&#160;Ende is the President of Ende BioMedical Consulting
Group, a privately held consulting company focused on the life sciences industry, a position he has held since 2009. Since May&#160;2017,
Dr.&#160;Ende has been a member of the board of directors of Matinas BioPharma,&#160;Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company,
where he is currently Chairman of the Board in addition to serving on the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Dr.&#160;Ende
also serves on the board of directors at Neubase Therapeutics, a company focused on genetic medicines development, and at Mount Sinai
Innovation Partners Technology, a healthcare research and development organization. From November&#160;2019 to June&#160;2020, Dr.&#160;Ende
served on the board of directors and as a member of the Audit, Compensation and Science Committees of Progenics Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc.,
a biopharmaceutical company, until it was acquired by Lantheus Holdings,&#160;Inc. From January&#160;2015 to October&#160;2016, he served
as Chairman of the Unsecured Creditor&#8217;s Committee in the bankruptcy of Egenix,&#160;Inc. From 2010 to 2011, Dr.&#160;Ende served
on the board of directors and as a member of the Audit and Risk Management Committees of Genzyme Corp., a biotechnology company, until
it was acquired in 2011 by Sanofi S.A. From 2002 through 2008, Dr.&#160;Ende was the senior biotechnology analyst at Merrill Lynch; from
2000 through 2002 he was the senior biotechnology analyst at Bank of America Securities; and from 1997 to 2000 he was a biotechnology
analyst at Lehman Brothers. Dr.&#160;Ende received an MBA in Finance and Accounting from NYU - Stern Business School in 1997, an MD from
Mount Sinai School of Medicine in 1994, and a BS in Biology and Psychology from Emory University in 1990.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe Dr.&#160;Ende&#8217;s experience as
a director for other pharmaceuticals companies makes him well qualified to serve as a director.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Dr.&#160;Mark
A. McCamish</b></span> has been a member of the Board since December&#160;2019. Since November&#160;2020, Dr McCamish has served as President,
Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of directors of IconOVir Bio,&#160;Inc., a biotechnology company focused on development
of oncolytic virus therapies. From May&#160;2017 to April&#160;2020, Dr.&#160;McCamish served as President, Chief Executive Officer and
member of the board of directors of Forty Seven,&#160;Inc, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, which was acquired by Gilead Sciences,&#160;Inc.
in April&#160;2020. From July&#160;2009 to April&#160;2017, Dr.&#160;McCamish served as Global Head of Biopharmaceutical Development
at Sandoz Inc., a pharmaceutical company. He has over 30 years of experience in corporate management, clinical and pharmaceutical research
and academics. Dr.&#160;McCamish currently serves on the board of directors of Rafael Holdings,&#160;Inc., a publicly traded biopharmaceutical
company focused on development of cancer and immune therapies, and he has also served on the board of directors of Vincerx Pharma,&#160;Inc.
from December&#160;2020 to May&#160;2021. Dr.&#160;McCamish received both a Bachelor&#8217;s and a Master&#8217;s degree from the University
of California at Santa Barbara, a Ph.D. in Human Nutrition from the Pennsylvania State University and an M.D. from the University of
California at Los Angeles. He is Board Certified in Internal Medicine and Nutrition and Metabolism.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe Dr.&#160;McCamish&#8217;s broad experience
in the life sciences industry makes him well qualified to serve as a director.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Linda
S. Palczuk</b></span> has been a member of the Board since July&#160;2018. From September&#160;2019 to December&#160;2022, Ms.&#160;Palczuk
served as the Chief Operating Officer and a director of Envara Health,&#160;Inc., a medical nutrition technology company. Before that,
Ms.&#160;Palczuk was the Chief Operating Officer of Verrica Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc., a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused
on medical dermatology products, from February&#160;2018 to April&#160;2019. Prior to joining Verrica Pharmaceuticals, from July&#160;2017
to February&#160;2018, Ms.&#160;Palczuk was President and Chief Executive Officer at Osiris Therapeutics,&#160;Inc., a regenerative medicines
biotechnology company. Prior to her position at Osiris Therapeutics, Ms.&#160;Palczuk had an extensive and successful 30-year career
with AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals and its legacy companies, serving in senior-level commercial and general management roles, including
Vice President, Established Brands and Vice President, Global Commercial Excellence from January&#160;2012 until March&#160;2015, Vice
President, Sales&#160;&amp; Marketing from March&#160;2009 to December&#160;2011, and Vice President, Sales from April&#160;2006 to February&#160;2009.
From June&#160;2015 until July&#160;2017, Ms.&#160;Palczuk was an independent consultant providing business expertise within the pharmaceutical
sector. Ms.&#160;Palczuk received a BA degree in Biology from Franklin and Marshall College and an MBA degree from the Alfred Lerner
College of Business and Economics at the University of Delaware.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe Ms.&#160;Palczuk&#8217;s extensive
pharmaceutical and biotechnology management experience makes her well qualified to serve as a director.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Peter
J. Thornton</b></span> has been a member of the Board since June&#160;2017. He is the President and Chief Financial Officer of Envetec
Sustainable Technologies Limited, an Irish cleantech company focused on the carbon neutral treatment of biohazardous clinical material
and plastics at source. From January&#160;2014 to January&#160;2022, he was the Chief Financial Officer of Technopath Clinical Diagnostics,
which was acquired by LGC Group in January&#160;2021. Prior to joining Technopath Clinical Diagnostics, from September&#160;2011 to December&#160;2013,
Mr.&#160;Thornton was Senior Vice President - Business Integration for Alkermes plc, a global biopharmaceuticals company headquartered
in Dublin,&#160;Ireland. From July&#160;2007 to September&#160;2011, he was Senior Vice President &#8212; Corporate and Business Development
for Elan Drug Technologies, an Elan Corporation plc division engaged in developing and manufacturing drug delivery technology based pharmaceutical
products. From September&#160;2006 to July&#160;2007, he was President and Chief Operating Officer of Circ Pharma Limited, a specialty
pharmaceutical company and from June&#160;2004 to September&#160;2006 he was Chief Financial Officer of Agenus Inc., a Nasdaq-listed
biotechnology company. Mr.&#160;Thornton has previously served as a non-executive director of both public and private companies and currently
is a non-executive director of Oculer Limited, a private company focused on rapid microbiology testing technology. Mr.&#160;Thornton
worked for the international public accounting firm of KPMG for seven years in Ireland and France and is a fellow of Chartered Accountants
Ireland. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from University College Cork,&#160;Ireland.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We believe Mr.&#160;Thornton&#8217;s experience
as a chief financial officer and his financial expertise make him well qualified to serve as a director.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Family Relationships</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">There is no family relationship between any director
or executive officer of the Company. There are no material proceedings to which any director, officer or affiliate, or any associate
thereof, of the Company, any owner of record or beneficially of more than five percent of any class of voting securities of the Company,
or security holder is a party adverse to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or has a material interest adverse to the Company or
any of its subsidiaries. During the past ten years, none of our officers, directors, promoters or control persons have been involved
in any legal proceedings as described in Item 401(f)&#160;of Regulation S-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Corporate Governance Guidelines</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Board has adopted corporate governance guidelines
that set forth the practices of the Board with respect to the qualification, selection and election of directors, director orientation
and continuing education, director responsibilities, Board composition and performance, director access to management and independent
advisors, director compensation guidelines, management evaluation and succession, policies regarding the independent directors, meetings
of the non-management directors, the policy on communicating with the non-management directors and various other issues. A copy of our
corporate governance guidelines is available at https://investors.avadel.com/corporate-governance/highlights. A printed copy is available
free of charge to any shareholder who requests it by contacting the Company Secretary in writing at Ten Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2,
D02 T380 Ireland.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Audit Committee</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Composition, Qualifications and Governance</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Board has an Audit Committee composed of
Peter J. Thornton (Chair), Dr.&#160;Eric J. Ende, Geoffrey M. Glass and Dr.&#160;Mark A. McCamish. The Board has determined that all
of the members of the Audit Committee are independent within the meaning of applicable SEC regulations and the listing standards of Nasdaq,
and that each member is financially literate within the meaning of such listing standards. The Board has also determined that Mr.&#160;Thornton,
as the Chair of the Committee, (i)&#160;is independent within the meaning of applicable SEC regulations and the listing standards of
Nasdaq, (ii)&#160;is qualified as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations, and (iii)&#160;has accounting
and related financial management expertise within the meaning of the listing standards of Nasdaq and that he is financially literate
within the meaning of such listing standards. In addition, the Board has determined that the composition satisfies the requirements of
the Companies Act.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee has a written charter, which
is available on our website at https://investors.avadel.com/corporate-governance/highlights. The Audit Committee
reviews the charter annually and works with the Board to amend it as appropriate to reflect the evolving role of the Audit Committee.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Responsibilities and Duties</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee recommends to the Board the
selection of the Company&#8217;s independent registered public accounting firm and reviews the findings of the auditors and operates
in accordance with the Audit Committee Charter. The Audit Committee Charter outlines the roles and responsibilities of the Audit Committee
which includes appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any registered public accounting firm employed by the Company and
review of related party transactions pursuant to the Company&#8217;s policy. The Audit Committee also assists the Board in oversight
of: (1)&#160;the integrity of the financial statements of the Company; (2)&#160;the adequacy of the Company&#8217;s system of internal
controls; (3)&#160;compliance by the Company with legal and regulatory requirements; (4)&#160;the qualifications and independence of
the Company&#8217;s independent auditors; and (5)&#160;the performance of the Company&#8217;s independent and internal auditors. The
Audit Committee met five times during 2023.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Changes to Procedures for Recommending Nominees
to Board of Directors</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">None.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Code of Conduct and Financial Integrity Policy</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have adopted a written Code of Conduct (the
&#8220;Code&#8221;) that applies to all of our employees, as well as a Financial Integrity Policy (the &#8220;Financial Integrity Policy&#8221;)
that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Senior Tax Director and Controller (or
persons performing similar functions). These documents cover a broad range of professional conduct, including employment policies, conflicts
of interest, intellectual property and the protection of confidential information, as well as adherence to all laws and regulations applicable
to the conduct of our business. A copy of the Code and the Financial Integrity Policy is available at https://www.avadel.com/corporate-compliance.
If we make any substantive amendments to, or grant any waivers from, the Code or Financial Integrity Policy for any officer or director,
we intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form&#160;8-K by disclosing the nature of such amendment or waiver
on our website or in a current report on Form&#160;8-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b><span id="a_003"></span>Item&#160;11.</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Executive Compensation.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION&#8201;-&#8201;COMPENSATION
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Compensation Discussion and Analysis</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In this Compensation Discussion and Analysis,
we give an overview and analysis of our compensation philosophy, our compensation program, and the decisions we made in 2023 under those
programs with respect to our named executive officers. Included in this discussion is specific information about the compensation earned
or paid in 2023 to our named executive officers (the &#8220;Named Executive Officers&#8221;). Named Executive Officers for 2023 are:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Name
    </b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: white 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Position
    </b></span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gregory
    J. Divis </span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Executive Officer </span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Richard
    J. Kim </span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Commercial Officer </span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas
    S. McHugh </span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Financial Officer </span></td>
    </tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Compensation Philosophy and Objectives</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Compensation Committee&#8217;s executive
compensation programs are designed to: (i)&#160;attract, retain and motivate executives with significant industry knowledge and the experience
and leadership capability necessary for us to achieve success; (ii)&#160;align incentives for our named executive officers with our corporate
strategies and business objectives and goals; and (iii)&#160;achieve key strategic performance measures aligned with the long-term interests
of our shareholders.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Compensation Components</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our executive compensation program has three
primary components: base salary, annual cash incentive awards and equity awards.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><i>Base
                                            Salary</i>. We fix the base salary of each of our executive officers at a level we believe
                                            enables us to hire and retain individuals in a competitive environment and rewards satisfactory
                                            individual performance and a satisfactory level of contribution to our overall business goals.
                                            We take into account the base salaries paid by similarly situated companies in our peer group
                                            and, to the extent practicable, we set base salary levels for similarly situated executives
                                            within the Company at comparable levels to avoid divisiveness and encourage teamwork, collaboration,
                                            and a cooperative working environment.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><i>Cash
                                            Incentive Awards</i>. We provide annual cash incentive awards that are based upon the achievement
                                            of corporate and individual objectives established by the Compensation Committee and the
                                            Board of Directors. These cash incentive awards are designed to focus our executive officers
                                            on achieving key clinical, regulatory, commercial, operational, strategic and financial objectives.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span>&#160;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><i>Equity
                                            Awards</i>. We use stock options, restricted share units and performance share units to reward
                                            long-term performance. These equity awards are intended to provide significant incentive
                                            value for each executive officer if the Company performance is outstanding and the Company
                                            achieves its long-term goals to align executive compensation with long-term shareholder interests.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to the primary components of compensation
described above, we provide our Named Executive Officers with employee benefits that are generally available to our salaried employees.
These benefits include health and medical benefits, flexible spending plans, matching 401(k)&#160;contributions and group life insurance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have also entered into agreements with our
Named Executive Officers under which they are provided certain benefits in the event their employment with the Company is terminated
without cause or by the Named Executive Officer for good reason, following a change in control of the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Compensation Policies and Process</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Compensation Committee has oversight of our
compensation philosophy and programs and annually reviews and recommends all compensation decisions relating to our Chief Executive Officer,
our other Named Executive Officers and all other executive officers of the Company. The Chief Executive Officer provides specific information
to the committee relative to the performance of the other members of the executive management team. However, the Chief Executive Officer
is always excused from the Compensation Committee meetings when his compensation or employment is discussed. The Compensation Committee
considers any recommendations by the Chief Executive Officer; however, the committee recommends final compensation for all executives.
All compensation decisions are assessed within the framework of the Company&#8217;s financial position and general economic conditions.
Our Board typically reviews and approves the compensation decisions made by the Compensation Committee.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our Compensation Committee has engaged Aon&#8217;s
Human Capital Solutions Practices, a division of Aon plc (&#8220;Aon&#8221;) specializing in executive compensation, as its independent
compensation consultant. In connection with the Compensation Committee&#8217;s executive compensation decisions for 2023, Aon reviewed
and advised on principal aspects of our executive compensation program and performed the following services:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">conducted
                                            a competitive assessment of the Company&#8217;s then current executive compensation arrangements,
                                            including analyzing peer group Proxy Statements, compensation survey data, and other publicly
                                            available data;</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">provided
                                            recommendations on the composition of the Company&#8217;s peer group; and</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">reviewed
                                            and advised on equity compensation and on industry best practices.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Compensation Committee has determined that
the work of Aon and the individual compensation advisors employed by Aon does not create any conflict of interest. In making that determination,
the Compensation Committee took into consideration the following factors: (i)&#160;the provision of other services to the Company by
the consultant; (ii)&#160;the amount of fees the Company paid the consultant as a percentage of the consultant&#8217;s total revenue;
(iii)&#160;the consultant&#8217;s policies and procedures that are designed to prevent conflicts of interest; (iv)&#160;any business
or personal relationship of the consultant or the individual compensation advisors employed by the consultant with any Company executive
officer; (v)&#160;any business or personal relationship of the individual compensation advisors with any member of the Compensation Committee;
and (vi)&#160;any Company stock owned by the consultant or the individual compensation advisors employed by the consultant.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Peer Group</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In an effort to provide competitive total compensation
to our executive officers, the Compensation Committee approved a group of comparable companies as our peer group as recommended by Aon.
The peer group was selected on the basis of similarity to the Company on the following criteria: business comparability, stage of product
development and commercialization, number of employees, market capitalization and revenue. The following companies were identified as
our &#8220;peer group&#8221; for 2023:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023
    Peer Group </b></span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Aldeyra
    Therapeutics,&#160;Inc. </span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 49%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deciphera
    Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amylyx
    Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Harmony
    Biosciences Holdings,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Anika
    Therapeutics,&#160;Inc. </span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Harrow,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ardelyx,&#160;Inc.
    </span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intercept
    Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Axsome
    Therapeutics,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liquidia
    Corporation</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">BioXcel
    Therapeutics,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Marinus
    Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Collegium
    Pharmaceutical,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Mirum
    Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    </tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">CymaBay
    Therapeutics,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Rhythm
    Pharmaceuticals,&#160;Inc.</span></td>
    </tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Say-on-Pay and Say-on-Frequency</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have developed a compensation policy that
is designed to attract and retain key executives responsible for our success and motivate management to enhance long-term shareholder
value. We believe our compensation policy strikes an appropriate balance between the implementation of responsible, measured compensation
practices and the effective provision of incentives for our named executive officers to exert their best efforts for our success.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As required by Section&#160;14A(a)(1)&#160;of
the Exchange Act, periodically we must provide our shareholders with an opportunity to provide an advisory vote related to the compensation
of our named executive officers, commonly known as the &#8220;say-on-pay&#8221; proposal. The SEC say-on-pay vote generally covers the
calendar year prior to the date of our proxy statement. As such vote is advisory, it is not binding upon our Board or our Compensation
Committee and neither the Board nor the Compensation Committee is required to take any action as a result of the outcome of such vote.
However, our Compensation Committee carefully considers the outcome of this vote when considering future executive compensation policies.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As reported in our report on Form&#160;8-K, filed
with the SEC on August&#160;5, 2022, at our 2022 annual general meeting, approximately 93% of the votes cast on our SEC Say-on-Pay proposal
supported the compensation paid to our named executive officers. At our 2022 annual general meeting, we also held a separate non-binding
advisory shareholder vote on the frequency of future shareholder advisory votes regarding the compensation program for our named executive
officers, commonly referred to as a &#8220;say-on-frequency&#8221; vote. At the 2022 annual general meeting, our shareholders approved,
on an advisory basis, a proposal to take the say-on-pay vote every two years until the next required say-on-frequency vote. Accordingly,
our next say-on-pay vote will occur at the 2024 annual general meeting and our next say-on-frequency vote will occur at the 2028 annual
general meeting.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Base Salary</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company provides base salaries to attract
and retain executives with the proper experiences and skill sets required to assist us in achieving our specific business objectives,
as well as our future growth and success. Base salaries provide a guaranteed base level of compensation that reflects a belief that base
salary for executive officers should be targeted at market-competitive levels. Base salaries for a particular fiscal year are generally
established at the end of the prior year. In establishing the base salaries for 2023, the Compensation Committee considered each Named
Executive Officer&#8217;s role and level of responsibility at the Company, recent individual performance, perceived impact on Company
results and overall Company performance. The base salaries of our Named Executive Officers during 2022 and 2023 were as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2022 Base <br/> Salary ($)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023 Base <br/> Salary ($)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Increase <br/> (%)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">561,144</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Thomas S. McHugh</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">420,343</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Annual Cash Incentive</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The goal of the annual cash incentive program
in 2023 was to align a meaningful portion of the total compensation potential for the Named Executive Officers to the achievement of
specified quantitative and qualitative Company performance targets, as well as individual performance targets. The achievement of these
targets advances the Company&#8217;s specific business objectives and results in long-term shareholder value. The target levels of the
annual cash incentive awards were established as part of the Named Executive Officer&#8217;s individual employment agreements. Each of
these employment agreements provides that the Named Executive Officer will receive an annual cash incentive award determined at the discretion
of the Compensation Committee and the Board based on the Company&#8217;s performance against its objectives and individualized objective
and subjective criteria, with a target award amount equal to a percentage of the Named Executive Officer&#8217;s base salary. The award
criteria include specific objectives, relating to the achievement of clinical, regulatory, commercial, business and/or financial milestones.
The table below sets forth each Named Executive Officer&#8217;s target incentive compensation for 2023:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023 Target <br/> Bonus (% of <br/> Base Salary)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023 Target <br/> Bonus ($)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2023 Actual
    <br/> Bonus ($)<sup>(1)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 61%; text-align: left">Gregory J. Divis</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">60</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">360,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">360,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Richard J. Kim</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">204,373</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">194,154</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(2)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Thomas S. McHugh</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">197,099</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">212,867</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in">(1)</td><td style="text-align: justify">Actual bonus paid to our Named Executive
                                            Officers based on the Company&#8217;s performance.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">In
                                            addition to payment of an annual target bonus based upon corporate and individual performance,
                                            Mr.&#160;Kim was eligible for an additional bonus based upon achievement of certain commercial
                                            milestones. Accordingly, in addition to the $194,154 paid to Mr.&#160;Kim for 2023 performance,
                                            Mr.&#160;Kim received an additional $109,438 related to the achievement of certain commercial
                                            milestones which were met in 2023.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our approved 2023 corporate goals consisted of:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Achieving
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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Execution
                                            of financial strategy and organizational plan</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Execution
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Compensation Committee determined that the Company&#8217;s corporate performance score was </span>100% for 2023 based solely on the Compensation
Committee&#8217;s assessment of the Company&#8217;s level of achievement against the approved 2023 corporate performance goals set forth
above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr.&#160;Divis&#8217; 2023 annual cash incentive
bonus was based entirely upon achievement of the corporate performance goals described above. Accordingly, the Compensation Committee
awarded an aggregate annual cash incentive with respect to 2023 for Mr.&#160;Divis in the amount of $360,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The process for determining the annual cash incentive
for our other Named Executive Officers is generally similar to what is described above with respect to our Chief Executive Officer. For
2023, the Compensation Committee took into account the Company&#8217;s performance with respect to the financial and strategic performance
goals discussed above. The Compensation Committee assessed the individual performance of the other Named Executive Officers and also
considered the recommendations of Mr.&#160;Divis. The other Named Executive Officers reported directly to Mr.&#160;Divis as Chief Executive
Officer and so, the Compensation Committee believes Mr.&#160;Divis was in a position to provide a meaningful assessment of their capabilities
and contributions to the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Compensation Committee determined 2023 annual
cash incentives for the other Named Executive Officers in the following amounts: Richard J. Kim&#8201;-&#8201;$194,154 and Thomas S.
McHugh&#8201;-&#8201;$212,867. Richard J. Kim received an additional $109,438 related to the achievement of certain commercial milestones
related to LUMRYZ that were met in 2023.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Equity Compensation</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Compensation Committee believes equity compensation
awards help to align the interests of our executive officers with those of shareholders because the value of the equity awards to the
recipient increases only with the appreciation of the price of our ordinary shares. Furthermore, the Compensation Committee believes
granting equity awards that vest over time encourages executives to remain with the Company. The authority to grant equity awards to
our executive officers lies with the Compensation Committee and Board. The Compensation Committee takes into consideration the peer group
data provided by Aon and the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer (other than for himself). Generally, the Compensation Committee
has granted stock options to our executive officers upon commencement of their employment with the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition to new hire stock options, at least
annually, the Compensation Committee considers equity awards for our executive officers. These awards may consist of stock options, restricted
share units (&#8220;RSUs&#8221;), performance share units (&#8220;PSUs&#8221;) or performance stock options (&#8220;PSOs&#8221;). In
August&#160;2023, the Compensation Committee determined it would be appropriate to award PSUs to our Named Executive Officers. The Compensation
Committee believed that supplemental awards in the form of PSUs would further align our Named Executive Officers&#8217; long-term incentive
compensation with the interests of our shareholders. Specifically, the PSUs will be determined to be granted and to vest based upon achieving
at least a majority of corporate objectives as well as exceeding revenue forecasts and/or patient demand forecast for the applicable
performance periods. Achievement of the corporate, revenue and/or patient demand is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee.
1/3 of the PSUs were tied to performance during the second half of 2023 and 2/3 of the PSUs are tied to performance during calendar year
2024. The following table below reflects the target number of PSUs awarded to each of our Named Executive Officers:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Target PSUs</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">175,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Richard J. Kim</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">90,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Thomas S. McHugh</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">90,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In determining the number of PSUs to grant to
a particular Named Executive Officer, the Compensation Committee takes into account numerous factors, including: the executive&#8217;s
role and level of responsibility within the Company, the Company&#8217;s performance with respect to the financial and strategic goals
and objectives for that year, and comparative peer group data as presented by Aon.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Compensation Risk Assessment</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company regularly reviews compensation plans
and practices to ensure they are appropriately structured and aligned with business objectives, and not designed to encourage executives
to take unwarranted risks. Specifically, the overall design of the compensation philosophy and plans mitigate risks because: (1)&#160;the
financial performance objectives of the short and long-term incentive plans are reviewed and approved annually by the Board; (2)&#160;the
plans consist of multiple performance objectives, thus lessening the focus on any one in particular; and (3)&#160;short and long-term
incentive payouts are capped for all participants.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>General Employee Benefits</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Avadel offers competitive health, dental and
life insurance and vacation pay for all employees, including Named Executive Officers. In addition, the senior executives are eligible
to receive matching 401(k)&#160;plan contributions on the same basis as other employees.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Severance and Change-in-Control Benefits</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to employment agreements, each of our
Named Executive Officers has a provision in his or her employment agreement with the Company that entitles such Named Executive Officer
to certain specified benefits in the event of termination of their employment under specified circumstances, including termination following
a change in control of the Company. These benefits are described in the &#8220;<i>Employment Agreement</i>&#8221; section below, and
certain estimates of these severance and change-in-control benefits are provided in &#8220;<i>Potential Payments Upon Termination or
Change in Control</i>&#8221; below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Retirement Benefits</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company believes offering competitive retirement
benefits is important to attract and retain top executives. The Company&#8217;s U.S.-based executives participate in a traditional defined
contribution 401(k)&#160;plan. For our Company&#8217;s 401(k)&#160;plan, the Company generally contributed approximately $12,000 to $13,000
to each eligible executive&#8217;s 401(k)&#160;account during 2023, which was the maximum contribution match allowable under the Company&#8217;s
401(k)&#160;Plan, provided the participant contributed the maximum in order to receive the maximum match and contributed based off of
$330,000 of wages, the maximum allowable under the IRS limits. Additional details regarding retirement benefits are provided in the tables
below entitled &#8220;<i>Summary Compensation Table</i>.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Deductibility of Executive Compensation</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Generally, Section&#160;162(m)&#160;of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;) disallows a federal income tax deduction for public corporations of remuneration
in excess of $1 million paid for any fiscal year to &#8220;covered employees&#8221; of the Company. The Board and the Compensation Committee
believe shareholder interests are best served if they retain maximum flexibility to design executive compensation programs that meet
stated business objectives. For that reason, while our Board and Compensation Committee consider the potential effects of Section&#160;162(m)&#160;of
the Code on the compensation paid to our named executive officers, in light of the constraints imposed by Section&#160;162(m)&#160;and
our desire to maintain flexibility in compensation decisions, the Board and the Compensation Committee do not necessarily limit compensation
to amounts deductible under Section&#160;162(m).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Taxation of &#8220;Parachute&#8221; Payments</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code provide that
executive officers and directors who hold significant equity interests and certain other service providers may be subject to significant
additional taxes if they receive payments or benefits in connection with a change in control of the Company that exceeds certain prescribed
limits, and that the Company (or a successor) may forfeit a deduction on the amounts subject to this additional tax. Our compensation
arrangements for executive officers, including our Named Executive Officers, do not provide tax gross-ups for any type of payments, including
payments for severance or in connection with a change of control of the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>Securities Trading Policy</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company has a policy that prohibits executive
officers and directors from trading in the Company&#8217;s securities while aware of material non-public information or engaging in hedging
transactions or short sales and trading in &#8220;puts&#8221; and &#8220;calls&#8221; involving the Company&#8217;s securities. This
policy is described in our Code of Conduct, which may be viewed on our website at https://www.avadel.com/corporate-compliance. In addition,
executive officers and directors are prohibited from pledging the Company&#8217;s securities.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Compensation Recovery Policy</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In October&#160;2023, we adopted a compensation
recovery policy (the &#8220;Clawback Policy&#8221;), in compliance with the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act, final SEC rules&#160;and
applicable Nasdaq listing standards, which covers our current and former executive officers, including all of our named executive officers.
Under the Clawback Policy, if we are required to prepare a restatement of previously issued financial statements of the Company due to
the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under federal securities laws, the Company will recover
any incentive-based compensation received by any current or former executive officer after the effective date of the policy and during
the three-year period preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare the restatement that is in excess of what would
have been paid or earned by such executive officer had the financial results been properly reported.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>2023 Compensation of Named Executive Officers</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Summary Compensation Table</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table sets
forth the compensation paid or accrued during the fiscal years ended December&#160;31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 to our Named Executive Officers:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&#160;Represents salaries before any employee
contributions under our 401(k)&#160;Plan. Mr.&#160;Kim joined us in February&#160;2021 and, accordingly, his salary for 2021 reflects
his partial years of service.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)&#160;Represents
the aggregate grant date fair value of share awards granted in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, calculated in accordance with FASB
ASC Topic 718. For a full description of the assumptions we use in calculating these amounts, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial
statements for the year ended December&#160;31, 2023 which are included in our Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K filed with the SEC on
February&#160;29, 2024. The actual value a Named Executive Officer may receive depends on market prices and there can be no assurance
that the amounts reflected in the Stock Awards column will actually be realized. The amounts reported in this table do not include the
grant date fair value of PSUs granted in 2021, as achievement was not probable on the grant date. Assuming maximum achievement, the grant
date fair value of the PSUs granted in 2021 to each of Mr.&#160;Divis, Mr.&#160;McHugh and Mr.&#160;Kim for 2021 would have been $1,389,900,
$492,000 and $451,004, respectively. All such PSUs were forfeited. In addition, the amounts reported for 2023 do not reflect PSU</span>s
awarded in August&#160;2023 as the grant date of such awards for accounting purposes did not occur in 2023. 1/3 of the PSUs that were
tied to performance during the second half of 2023 were forfeited.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(3)&#160;Amounts reported reflect the aggregate
grant date fair value of options granted or modified in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic
718. For a full description of the assumptions we use in calculating these amounts, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements
for the year ended December&#160;31, 2023 which are included in our Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K filed with the SEC on February&#160;29,
2024. The actual value a Named Executive Officer may receive depends on market prices and there can be no assurance that the amounts
reflected in the Option Awards column will actually be realized. No gain to a named executive officer is possible without an appreciation
in stock value after the date of grant. For 2022, the amounts reported in this table to Mr.&#160;Divis, Mr.&#160;McHugh and Mr.&#160;Kim
do not include the grant date fair value of the PSOs, as achievement was not probable on the grant date. Assuming maximum achievement,
the grant date fair value of the PSOs granted in 2022 to each of Mr.&#160;Divis, Mr.&#160;McHugh and Mr.&#160;Kim would have been $1,297,738,
$648,869 and $648,869, respectively.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(4)&#160;Non-equity incentive plan compensation
represents cash bonuses for meeting Company and, if applicable, personal performance targets.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(5)&#160;For 2023, amounts include (i)&#160;for
Mr.&#160;Divis, $13,200 in employer 401(k)&#160;contributions and $12,000 in auto allowance, (ii)&#160;for Mr.&#160;Kim, $13,200 in employer
401(k)&#160;contributions and (iii)&#160;for Mr.&#160;McHugh, $12,280 in employer 401(k)&#160;contributions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Grants of Plan-Based Awards 2023</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table presents
information regarding grants of plan-based awards to the named executive officers during the year ended December&#160;31, 2023:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&#160;Represents the target amount that may
be earned based on achievement of pre-determined performance criteria during fiscal year 2023. Our Compensation Committee has not set
threshold or maximum amounts associated with non-equity incentive plan awards.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(2)&#160;The Compensation Committee awarded PSUs to our named executive
officers in 2023 as described above in the section entitled &#8220;<i>Compensation Discussion and Analysis&#8212;Equity Compensation&#8221;</i>.
However, these PSUs do not yet have a grant date for accounting purposes due to the discretionary nature of the performance criteria
and, accordingly, have been excluded from this table.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
2023</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table sets
forth specified information concerning stock options and stock awards for each of the named executive officers outstanding as of December&#160;31,
2023.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&#160;Unless otherwise noted, options to purchase
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(2)&#160;Includes the unvested portion of the
December&#160;2020 option grant under the Avadel 2020 Omnibus Plan, all of which will vest on December&#160;8, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(3)&#160;Includes the unvested portion of the
December&#160;2021 option grant under the Avadel 2020 Omnibus Plan, 77,500 of which will vest on each of December&#160;7, 2024, and December&#160;7,
2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(4)&#160;Includes the unvested portion of the
August&#160;2022 PSO grant under the Avadel 2020 Omnibus Plan. The PSOs vested based upon achievement of commercial milestones related
to LUMRYZ, with 50% vesting immediately upon the achievement of those milestones on June&#160;5, 2023 and the other 50% vesting on June&#160;5,
2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(5)&#160;Includes the unvested portion of the
February&#160;2021 option grant under the Avadel 2020 Omnibus Plan, 87,500 of which will vest on each of February&#160;15, 2024, and
February&#160;15, 2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(6)&#160;Includes the unvested portion of the
December&#160;2021 option grant under the Avadel 2020 Omnibus Plan, 34,375 of which will vest on each of December&#160;7, 2024, and December&#160;7,
2025.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(7)&#160;Includes the unvested portion of the
December&#160;2020 option grant under the Avadel 2020 Omnibus Plan, all of which will vest on December&#160;8, 2024.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(8)&#160;Includes the unvested portion of the
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Options Exercised and Shares Vested During
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table sets
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fiscal year 2023:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 1%">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right; width: 10%">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">-</span></td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 1%">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Richard J. Kim</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Thomas S. McHugh</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Employment Agreements</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">We have written employment
agreements with each of our Named Executive Officers, which were each amended on September&#160;28, 2022. Each employment agreement provides
that the individual&#8217;s employment will continue until either we or the Named Executive Officer provides written notice of termination
in accordance with the terms of the agreement. In addition, each of these agreements prohibit the Named Executive Officer from disclosing
confidential information and competing with us during the term of their employment with the Company and for a specified time period thereafter.
The agreements also contain customary non-solicitation and non-disparagement provisions. Under the terms of their respective employment
agreements, each of the Named Executive Officers is entitled to receive an annual base salary, subject to annual review, an annual cash
incentive and an annual equity award, each component of which is subject to the discretion of our board.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">Pursuant to their employment
agreements, each of our Named Executive Officers is entitled to certain severance benefits in the event he or she terminates his or her
employment for &#8220;Good Reason&#8221; or if his or her employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than for &#8220;Cause,&#8221;
including non- renewal by the Company at the end of the employment term. Upon such a termination, each of the Named Executive Officers
is entitled to receive all accrued but unpaid bonuses for any completed fiscal year and vacation pay, expense reimbursement and other
benefits due under any Company-provided benefit plans, policies and arrangements. In addition, Mr.&#160;Divis is entitled to receive:
(1)&#160;severance equal to 1.5 times his base salary, payable in substantially equal installments in accordance with the Company&#8217;s
normal payroll practices; and (2)&#160;payment of monthly COBRA health insurance premiums for up to 18 months, and Mr.&#160;Kim and Mr.&#160;McHugh
are entitled to receive (1)&#160;severance equal to 1.0 times their base salary, payable in substantially equal installments in accordance
with the Company&#8217;s normal payroll practices; and (2)&#160;payment of monthly COBRA health insurance premiums for up to 12 months.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In addition to the above,
if such a termination occurs during a Change in Control Period (as defined below), Mr.&#160;Divis is entitled to receive (i)&#160;the
highest of (x)&#160;his target bonus in effect for the fiscal year in which the applicable change in control occurs, (y)&#160;his target
bonus in effect for the fiscal year in which the termination of employment occurs; or (z)&#160;his actual bonus for performance during
the calendar year prior to the calendar year during which the termination of employment occurs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">In addition, if such a termination
occurs during a Change in Control Period (as defined below), each of the Named Executive Officers is entitled to receive (i)&#160;the
immediate vesting of 100% of his outstanding and unvested share options and any other equity awards under the Company&#8217;s compensation
plans and (ii)&#160;outstanding and vested stock options held by each of the Named Executive Officers as of his termination of employment
date will remain exercisable until the eighteen (18) month anniversary of the termination of employment date (not to extend beyond the
original maximum term as of the original date of grant).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For purposes of each of the Named Executive Officer&#8217;s
agreements:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td>&#8220;Good
                                            Reason&#8221; is defined as</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">For
                                            Mr.&#160;Divis: (i)&#160;the failure of the Company to timely pay to the employee any compensation
                                            owed under the agreement; (ii)&#160;the Company&#8217;s diminution in the employee&#8217;s
                                            authority, duties or responsibilities in any material respect or the Company&#8217;s assignment
                                            to the employee of duties that are materially inconsistent with the duties stated in the
                                            agreement; (iii)&#160;the relocation of the place of the employee&#8217;s employment more
                                            than sixty (60) miles outside the greater St. Louis metropolitan area; (iv)&#160;a material
                                            breach by the Company of the agreement; or (v)&#160;the failure of the Company to have the
                                            agreement assumed in full by any successor in the case of any merger, consolidation, or sale
                                            of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">o</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">For
                                            Mr.&#160;Kim and Mr.&#160;McHugh: (i)&#160;the Company&#8217;s diminution in the employee&#8217;s
                                            authority, duties or responsibilities in any material respect or the Company&#8217;s assignment
                                            to the employee of duties that are materially inconsistent with the duties stated in the
                                            agreement; (ii)&#160;the relocation of the place of the employee&#8217;s employment which
                                            increases such employee&#8217;s one-way commute by more than sixty (60) miles for such employee;
                                            or (iii)&#160;a material breach by the Company of the agreement.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">&#8220;Cause&#8221;
                                            means: (i)&#160;conviction of or plea of nolo contendere to a felony or crime involving moral
                                            turpitude; (ii)&#160;fraud, theft, or misappropriation of any asset or property of the Company,
                                            including, without limitation, any theft or embezzlement or any diversion of any corporate
                                            opportunity; (iii)&#160;breach of any of the material obligations contained in the agreement;
                                            (iv)&#160;conduct materially contrary to the material policies of the Company; (v)&#160;material
                                            failure to meet the goals and objectives established by the Company without cure within a
                                            reasonable period of time after written notice thereof; or (vi)&#160;conduct that results
                                            in a material detriment to the Company, its program, or goals or is inimical to the Company&#8217;s
                                            reputation and interests without cure within a reasonable period of time after written notice
                                            thereof.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">&#8220;Change
                                            of Control Period&#8221; means the period beginning six (6)&#160;months prior to, and ending
                                            eighteen (18) months following, a Change of Control for Mr.&#160;Divis and Mr.&#160;McHugh
                                            and means the period ending eighteen (18) months following, a Change of Control for Mr.&#160;Kim.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">&#8220;Change
                                            of Control&#8221; means the occurrence of any of the following events: (i)&#160;A change
                                            in the ownership of the Company which occurs on the date that any one person, or more than
                                            one person acting as a group (&#8216;Person&#8217;), acquires ownership of the equity interests
                                            of the Company that, together with the shares held by such Person, constitutes more than
                                            fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the shares of the Company; provided, however,
                                            that for purposes of this subsection, the acquisition of additional shares by any one Person,
                                            who is considered to own more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the shares
                                            of the Company will not be considered a Change or Control; or (ii)&#160;A change in the effective
                                            control of the Company which occurs on the date that a majority of the members of the Board
                                            is replaced during any twelve (12) month period by Directors whose appointment or election
                                            is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment
                                            or election. For purposes of such definition, if any Person is considered to be in effective
                                            control of the Company, the acquisition of additional control of the Company by the same
                                            Person will not be considered a Change of Control; or (iii)&#160;A change in the ownership
                                            of a substantial portion of the Company&#8217;s assets which occurs on the date that any
                                            Person acquires (or has acquired during the twelve (12) month period ending on the date of
                                            the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the Company that have
                                            a total gross fair market value equal to or more than fifty percent (50%) of the total gross
                                            fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediately prior to such acquisition
                                            or acquisitions.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The benefits provided are
designed to protect earned benefits in the case that one or more of such Named Executive Officers is terminated without cause or as a
result of a Change in Control of the Company, in order to encourage such Named Executive Officers to act in the best interests of the
shareholders at all times during the course of a change in control transaction or other significant event involving our Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">The following table sets
forth information regarding potential payments that each Named Executive Officer would have received if the Named Executive Officer&#8217;s
employment had terminated as of December&#160;31, 20223 under the circumstances set forth above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Termination without Cause or</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Resignation for Good Reason</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Not in Connection with a</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Change in Control<br/> ($)</b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 54%; text-align: left">Cash Severance Payment</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 20%; text-align: right">900,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(1)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 20%; text-align: right">1,260,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>(3)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Value of Benefits</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45,481</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(2)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">45,481</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(2)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">--</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">3,484,100</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(4)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Richard Kim</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Cash Severance Payment</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">454,161</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(1)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">437,997</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(1)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">437,997</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(3)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Value of Benefits</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">20,802</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(2)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Equity Acceleration</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">--</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,635,625</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(4)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&#160;Includes 18 months base salary continuation
for Mr.&#160;Divis and 12 months&#8217; base salary for Mr.&#160;Kim, and Mr.&#160;McHugh.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(2)&#160;Includes 18 months&#8217; COBRA continuation
for Mr.&#160;Divis and 12 months&#8217; COBRA continuation for Mr.&#160;Kim and Mr.&#160;McHugh.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(3)&#160;Includes 18 months base salary and target
annual bonus for Mr.&#160;Divis and 12 months base salary for Mr.&#160;Kim and Mr.&#160;McHugh.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(4)&#160;Amounts reflect intrinsic value of unvested
stock options whose vesting will be accelerated based on the closing price of one ADS on December&#160;29, 2023, the last trading day
of 2023 ($14.12).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed
the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b)&#160;of Regulation S-K with management and, based on such review and
discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board that it be included in this Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE<br/>
Linda S. Palczuk, Chair<br/>
Dr.&#160;Mark A. McCamish<br/>
Peter J. Thornton</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>The &#8220;Compensation Committee Report&#8221;
above shall not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating this Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K into
any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that we specifically
incorporate this information by reference and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Compensation Risk Assessment</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">As part of its oversight of our executive compensation
program, the Compensation Committee considers the impact of our executive compensation program, and the incentives created by the compensation
awards that it administers, on our risk profile. In addition, we review all our compensation policies and procedures, including the incentives
that they create and factors that may reduce the likelihood of excessive risk-taking, to determine whether they present a significant
risk to us. The Compensation Committee concluded that our compensation programs are designed with the appropriate balance of risk and
reward in relation to our overall business strategy and that the balance of compensation elements discourages excessive risk-taking.
The Compensation Committee, therefore, determined that the risks arising from our compensation policies and practices for employees are
not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. The Compensation Committee will continue to consider compensation risk
implications while deliberating the design of our executive compensation programs. In its discussions, the Compensation Committee considered
the attributes of our programs, including:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td>Appropriate
                                            pay philosophy in light of our business model;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Balance
                                            with respect to the mix of cash and equity compensation, and measures of performance against
                                            both annual and multi-year standards;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Short
                                            and long-term incentives linked to share price performance;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Performance
                                            goals are set at levels that are sufficiently high to encourage strong performance and support
                                            the resulting compensation expense, but within reasonably attainable parameters to discourage
                                            pursuit of excessively risky business strategies;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Long-term
                                            incentives generally have multi-year vesting to ensure a long-term focus and appropriate
                                            balance against short-term goals;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Independent
                                            Compensation Committee oversight, with Compensation Committee discretion to reduce incentives
                                            based on subjective evaluation of individual performance; and</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.5in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Anti-hedging/pledging
                                            policies.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>PAY RATIO DISCLOSURE</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under Section&#160;953(b)&#160;of the Dodd-Frank
Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 402(u)&#160;of Regulation S-K, the Company is required to provide the ratio of
the annual total compensation of Mr.&#160;Divis, who is the Company&#8217;s Chief Executive Officer, to the annual total compensation
of the median employee of the Company (the &#8220;Pay Ratio Disclosure&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For fiscal year 2023, the median annual total
compensation of all employees of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries (other than the Chief Executive Officer) was $299,923.
Mr.&#160;Divis&#8217; annual total compensation for fiscal year 2023 was $985,200. Based on this information, for fiscal year 2023, the
ratio of the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer to the median annual total compensation of all other employees was estimated
to be 3 to 1.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">To identify, and to determine the annual total
compensation of, the median employee, we used the following methodology:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">We
                                            collected the payroll data of all employees globally, whether employed on a full-time, part-time,
                                            temporary or seasonal basis as of December&#160;31, 2023.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">We
                                            annualized the compensation of all permanent full-time and part-time employees who were hired
                                            by the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries between January&#160;1, 2023, and December&#160;31,
                                            2023.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">We
                                            then identified our median employee from our employee population based on this compensation
                                            measure.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">This
                                            process resulted in the identification of an employee whose compensation was anomalous, as
                                            that individual was newly hired in 2023. As a result, we substituted an employee near the
                                            median whose compensation was viewed as more representative of our median employee.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The median employee&#8217;s annual total compensation
represents the amount of such employee&#8217;s compensation for fiscal year 2023 that would have been reported in the Summary Compensation
Table in accordance with the requirements of Item 402(c)(2)(x)&#160;of Regulation S-K if the employee was a Named Executive Officer,
and the annual total compensation of the Chief Executive Officer represents the amount reported in the &#8220;Total&#8221; column of
our &#8220;Summary Compensation Table&#8221; on page&#160;15 of this Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Pay Ratio Disclosure presented above is a
reasonable estimate. Because the SEC rules&#160;for identifying the median employee and calculating the pay ratio allow companies to
use different methodologies, exemptions, estimates and assumptions, the Pay Ratio Disclosure may not be directly comparable to the pay
ratio reported by other companies.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>DIRECTOR COMPENSATION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Non-Employee Director Compensation</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We compensate our non-executive directors with
a basic cash fee plus supplementary fees to chairpersons and for meeting attendance. The amount of each component of such director cash
compensation may change from year to year and is generally established by the Board in conjunction with our annual general meeting of
shareholders for the period until the next annual general meeting. The fees paid to non-employee directors for service on the Board of
Directors and for service on each committee of the Board of Directors on which the director is a member are as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The annual retainers in effect for service in
2023 were as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Annual Cash</b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Retainers </b></p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Board of Directors:</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">52,100</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Additional retainer for Non-Executive Chair of the Board</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">35,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Audit Committee:</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">20,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Non-Chair members</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">10,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Compensation Committee:</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Non-Chair members</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee:</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chair</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Non-Chair members</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
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  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In addition, during 2023, our non-employee directors
were awarded stock options, as described in footnote 3 to the &#8220;<i>Director Compensation</i>&#8221; table below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Director Compensation Table</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table presents information relating
to total compensation of each person who served as a director for the year ended December&#160;31, 2023.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Fees Earned
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Option
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Stock <br/> Awards <br/> ($)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Total <br/> Compensation <br/> ($)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48%; text-align: left">Geoffrey M. Glass<sup>(4)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">380,240</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Dr.&#160;Eric J. Ende<sup>(5)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">72,100</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">380,240</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">452,340</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Dr.&#160;Mark A. McCamish<sup>(6)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">69,600</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">380,240</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">449,840</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Linda S. Palczuk<sup>(7)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">72,100</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">380,240</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">452,340</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Peter J. Thornton<sup>(8)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">79,600</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">380,240</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">-</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">459,840</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&#160;Fees earned or paid in cash for Mr.&#160;Thornton
were earned in U.S. Dollars but were paid in Euro at the applicable exchange rate on the date of payment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(2)&#160;Amounts reported reflect the aggregate
grant date fair value of options granted in 2023 calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For a full description of the assumptions
used in calculating these amounts, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December&#160;31, 2023, which
are included in our Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K filed with the SEC on February&#160;29, 2024. The actual value a director may receive
depends on market prices, and there can be no assurance that the amounts reflected in these columns will actually be realized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(3)&#160;On August&#160;1, 2023, non-employee
directors Peter J. Thornton, Geoffrey M. Glass, Eric J. Ende, Mark A. McCamish and Linda S. Palczuk were each awarded an option to purchase
33,000 shares under the Company&#8217;s 2020 Plan. Each award vests 100% on the one-year anniversary of the award.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(4)&#160;As of December&#160;31, 2023, Mr.&#160;Glass held 219,000
unexercised share options and no unvested ADSs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(5)&#160;As of December&#160;31, 2023, Dr.&#160;Ende held 227,057
unexercised share options and no unvested ADSs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(6)&#160;As of December&#160;31, 2023, Dr.&#160;McCamish
held 269,000 unexercised share options and no unvested ADSs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(7)&#160;As of December&#160;31, 2023, Ms.&#160;Palczuk held 219,000
unexercised share options and no unvested ADSs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(8)&#160;As of December&#160;31, 2023, Mr.&#160;Thornton held 219,000
unexercised share options and no unvested ADSs.</p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"><span id="a_004"></span></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item&#160;12.</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Security Ownership of Certain
                                            Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Equity Compensation Plan Information</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table provides information as of
December&#160;31, 2023, regarding ordinary shares that may be issued under our equity compensation plans, consisting of our 2017 Omnibus
Incentive Compensation Plan (the &#8220;2017 Omnibus Plan&#8221;) our 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, our 2017 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan (the &#8220;ESPP&#8221;) and our 2021 Inducement Plan (the &#8220;Inducement Plan&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Plan category</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Number
    of securities <br/> to be issued upon <br/> exercise of <br/> outstanding options <br/> and rights<sup>(1)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Weighted-average
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    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">Number
    of securities <br/> remaining available <br/> for future issuance <br/> under equity <br/> compensation plans <br/> (excluding securities
    <br/> reflected in column (a))<sup>(3)</sup>&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">(a)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">(b)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">(c)</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Equity compensation plans approved by security holders</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: right">9,170,261</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: right">6.96</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: right">7,617,506</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,152,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">9.84</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">348,000</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>(4)&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">10,322,261</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7.29</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,965,506</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><sup>&#160;</sup>&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-size: 1pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 0.4in; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)</p></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Includes
    22,757 ordinary shares that have previously been granted as RSUs but are pending issuance upon vesting date; the beneficiary is not
    required to pay any exercise price upon issuance of such 22,757 shares of RSUs. The remaining 10,299,504 ordinary shares are issuable
    pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options upon payment of the weighted-average exercise price shown in column (b)&#160;of this
    table.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
    weighted-average exercise price shown in column (b)&#160;applies to 10,299,504 ordinary shares issuable pursuant to the exercise
    of outstanding options included in the total number shown in column (a)&#160;of this table. As to the 22,757 shares attributable
    to free shares awards, the beneficiary is not required to pay any exercise price upon issuance of such shares.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
    April&#160;17, 2023, upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, the Board approved an amendment (the &#8220;Amendment&#8221;)
    of the Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan ("as amended, the "2020 Plan"), subject
    to shareholder approval. The Amendment, among other things, increased the aggregate number of shares authorized for issuance under
    the 2020 Plan by 6,500,000 shares. At the Annual Meeting held on August&#160;1, 2023, the Company&#8217;s shareholders approved the
    Amendment to the 2020 Plan. </span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td>
    <td style="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Represents
    shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our Inducement Plan. Please see Note 16 to our Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K for the year
    ended December&#160;31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February&#160;29, 2024, for additional information regarding the Inducement Plan.
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Beneficial Ownership Table</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table sets forth certain information
regarding the beneficial ownership of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares by (i)&#160;each person who is known by the Company
to own beneficially more than five percent of the outstanding ordinary shares, (ii)&#160;each Named Executive Officer of the Company,
(iii)&#160;each director and director nominee of the Company and (iv)&#160;all directors and executive officers as a group. Except as
otherwise indicated in the footnotes below, such information is provided as of April&#160;7, 2024. On April&#160;15, 2024, the Company&#8217;s
ordinary shares became directly listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market (&#8220;Nasdaq&#8221;). According to SEC rules, a person is the &#8220;beneficial
owner&#8221; of securities if he, she or it has or shares the power to vote them or to direct their investment or has the right to acquire
beneficial ownership of such securities within 60 days through the exercise of an option, warrant or right, the conversion of a security
or otherwise.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold"><b>Name and address of beneficial owner<sup>(1)</sup></b></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&gt; 5% Stockholders:</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">&#160;</td><td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 7pt; text-align: left"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Entities Affiliated with Tontine Asset Associates, LLC<sup>(6)</sup></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1 Sound Shore Drive, Suite&#160;304</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Greenwich, CT 06830-7251</p></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5,685,350</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">5.9</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>


<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Named Executive Officers and Directors:</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 64%; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Gregory
J. Divis<sup>(7)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: right">1,839,100</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; text-align: right">1.9</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Thomas
S. McHugh<sup>(8)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">730,500</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Richard
J. Kim<sup>(9)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">506,250</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Geoffrey
M. Glass<sup>(10)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">310,700</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Eric
J. Ende<sup>(11)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">361,957</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dr.&#160;Mark
A. McCamish<sup>(12)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">303,025</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Linda
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">238,400</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Peter
J. Thornton<sup>(14)</sup></span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">269,055</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">All executive officers and directors as a group (8 persons) </td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4,558,987</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">4.6</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">%</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 25%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-size: 1pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0">* Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1% of our outstanding ordinary shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Except
                                            as stated in the table above or the footnotes below, the address of the named person is c/o
                                            Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc, Ten Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, D02 T380 Ireland.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unless
                                            otherwise stated in the footnotes to this table, we believe each of the shareholders named
                                            in this table has sole voting and dispositive with respect to the ordinary shares indicated
                                            as beneficially owned. Ownership percentages are based on 96,096,871 ordinary shares outstanding
                                            on </span>April&#160;7, 2024. On April&#160;15, 2024, the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares
                                            became directly listed on Nasdaq. Accordingly, some of the Schedule 13Gs filed by investors
                                            prior to April&#160;15, 2024 still reference ADSs, which were exchanged for ordinary shares
                                            on the April&#160;15, 2024. The number of shares beneficially owned includes ordinary shares
                                            issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options or warrants that are exercisable and &#8220;free
                                            shares,&#8221; if any, that will vest within 60 days of April&#160;7, 2024. Ordinary shares
                                            issuable pursuant to the exercise of stock options or warrants that are exercisable and &#8220;free
                                            shares,&#8221; if any, that will vest within 60 days of April&#160;7, 2024 are deemed to
                                            be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person to whom such shares are issuable for
                                            the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but they are not deemed
                                            to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Information
                                            herein is solely based on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC by Janus Henderson Group plc
                                            (&#8220;JHG&#8221;) on February&#160;13, 2024. JHG reports that it has shared voting power
                                            and shared dispositive power over 11,125,330 shares which are held directly by one or more
                                            funds or portfolios managed by JHG. The principal business address of JHG is 201 Bishopsgate,
                                            EC2M 3AE, United Kingdom.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Information
                                            herein is based on (i)&#160;a Schedule 13G/A filed by RTW Investments, LP (&#8220;RTW Investments&#8221;)
                                            and Mr.&#160;Roderick Wong on February&#160;14, 2024 and (ii)&#160;information provided by
                                            RTW Investments. Consists of 8,798,558 ordinary shares held by certain funds (the &#8220;RTW
                                            Funds&#8221;) affiliated with RTW Investments. RTW Investments is the investment adviser
                                            to the RTW Funds. Mr.&#160;Wong is the Managing Partner and Chief Investment Officer of RTW
                                            Investments, with respect to the shares directly held by the RTW Funds.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Information
                                            herein is solely based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC by Polar Capital Holdings Plc
                                            and Polar Capital LLP on February&#160;13, 2024. Consists of 6,751,782 ADSs beneficially
                                            held by Polar Capital Holdings Plc and Polar Capital LLP, which were automatically exchanged
                                            for ordinary shares on April&#160;15, 2024 when the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares became
                                            directly listed on Nasdaq.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Information
                                            herein is solely based on a Schedule 13G/A filed by Tontine Capital Overseas Master Fund
                                            II, L.P. (&#8220;TCOM II&#8221;), Tontine Asset Associates, LLC (&#8220;TAA&#8221;) and Mr.&#160;Jeffrey
                                            L. Gendell on February&#160;13, 2024. Consists of (i)&#160;3,539,782 ADSs held by TCOM II,
                                            (ii)&#160;2,075,568 ADSs held by Tontine Financial Partners, L.P. (&#8220;TFP&#8221;) and
                                            (iii)&#160;70,000 ADSs, held by Mr.&#160;Gendell, which were automatically exchanged for
                                            ordinary shares on April&#160;15, 2024 when the Company&#8217;s ordinary shares became directly
                                            listed on Nasdaq. Mr.&#160;Gendell serves as the Managing Member of TAA and also serves as
                                            the Managing Member of Tontine Management, L.L.C., a limited liability company organized
                                            under the laws of the State of Delaware (&#8220;TM&#8221;), which serves as general partner
                                            of TFP.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            options to purchase 1,680,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days of April&#160;7,
                                            2024.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            options to purchase 650,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days of April&#160;7,
                                            2024.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(9)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            options to purchase 506,250 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days of April&#160;7,
                                            2024.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(10)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            (i)&#160;options to purchase 186,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days
                                            April&#160;7, 2024, (ii)&#160;65,700 ordinary shares held by Geoffrey M. Glass Revokable
                                            u/t/d August&#160;26, 2020, of which Mr.&#160;Glass and members of his immediate family are
                                            the sole beneficiaries and Mr.&#160;Glass serves as its trustee and (iii)&#160;59,000 ordinary
                                            shares held by The Geoffrey Glass Trust of which Mr.&#160;Glass is a co-trustee and sole
                                            beneficiary.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(11)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            options to purchase 194,057 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days of April&#160;7,
                                            2024.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(12)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            (i)&#160;options to purchase 236,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days
                                            of April&#160;7, 2024, and (ii)&#160;67,025 ordinary shares held by Matthew 5 LLC. The Mark&#160;&amp;
                                            Barbara McCamish Family Trust is the sole owner of Matthew 5 LLC, and Dr.&#160;McCamish serves
                                            as its manager.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(13)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            options to purchase 186,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days of April&#160;7,
                                            2024.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(14)</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Includes
                                            options to purchase 186,000 ordinary shares that are exercisable within 60 days of April&#160;7,
                                            2024.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b><span id="a_005"></span>Item&#160;13.</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Certain Relationships and
                                            Related Transactions, and Director Independence.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Policies and Procedures for Related Person
Transactions</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee reviews all related party
transactions and similar matters to the extent required by listing standards. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee further
assists to ensure that all such related party transactions are thoroughly reviewed on a regular basis so that such transactions are and
remain at arms&#8217; length terms, thus promoting long term shareholder value.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For purposes of related person transactions as
managed by our Audit and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees, a &#8220;related person transaction&#8221; is a transaction,
arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which we (or any of our subsidiaries)
were, are or will be a participant, and the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and in which any related person had, has or will have a
direct or indirect interest. For purposes of determining whether a transaction is a related person transaction, the Committees rely upon
Item 404 of Regulation S-K, promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">A &#8220;related person&#8221;
is defined as:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Any
                                            person who is, or at any time since the beginning of our last fiscal year was, one of our
                                            directors or executive officers or a nominee to become one of our directors;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Any
                                            person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of any class of
                                            our voting securities;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Any
                                            immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons, which means any child, stepchild,
                                            parent, stepparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law,
                                            brother- in-law or sister-in-law of the director, executive officer, nominee or more than
                                            five percent beneficial owner, and any person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the
                                            household of such director, executive officer, nominee or more than five percent beneficial
                                            owner; and</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.75in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">Any
                                            firm, corporation, or other entity in which any of the foregoing persons is employed or is
                                            a general partner or principal or in a similar position or in which such person has a ten
                                            percent or greater beneficial ownership interest.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Related Party Transactions</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Other than the compensation agreements and other
arrangements described under Item 11 of this Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K, since January&#160;1, 2023, there has not been and there
is not currently proposed, any transaction or series of similar transactions to which we were, or will be, a party in which the amount
involved exceeded, or will exceed, $120,000 and in which any director, executive officer, holder of five percent or more of any class
of any class of our voting securities or any member of the immediate family of, or entities affiliated with, any of the foregoing persons,
had, or will have, a direct or indirect material interest.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><i>2023 Public Offering</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In April&#160;2023, we closed a registered public
offering pursuant to which we issued and sold an aggregate of 12,205,883 ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs (including up to 2,205,882
ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs sold pursuant to the underwriter&#8217;s full exercise of its option to purchase additional ADSs)
at a public offering price of $8.50 per ADS and (ii)&#160;an aggregate of 4,705,882 Series&#160;B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Shares
(&#8220;Series&#160;B Preferred Shares&#8221;) at a public offering price of $8.50 per Series&#160;B Preferred Share (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;).
The following table sets forth the number of securities purchased in the Offering by holders of five percent or more of our securities:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Series&#160;B <br/> Preferred <br/> Shares <br/> Purchased</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Total <br/> Purchase Price</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 74%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">RTW Master Fund. Ltd.*</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">2,746,902</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 10%; text-align: right">23,348,667</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">RTW Innovation Master Fund,&#160;Ltd.*</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">1,844,098</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">15,674,833</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">RTW Venture Fund Limited*</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">114,882</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right">976,497</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*
</span>RTW Investments, LP is a holder of five percent or more of our securities and may be deemed to beneficially own such securities
purchase in the Offering.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Board Standards of Independence</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Board sets our independence standards in
our corporate governance guidelines. The director independence standards provide that a majority of the Board must be independent under
the independence standards established by the corporate governance guidelines, Nasdaq, and the SEC as in effect from time to time. For
a Board member or candidate for election to the Board to qualify as independent, the Board must determine that the person and his or
her immediate family members do not have a material relationship with us (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of
an organization that has a relationship with us) or any of our affiliates. Under the categorical standards adopted by the Board, a member
of the Board is not independent if:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">The
                                            director is, or has been within the last three years, our employee, or an immediate family
                                            member is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer of the Company;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">The
                                            director has received, or has an immediate family member who has received, during any twelve-month
                                            period within the last three years, more than $120,000 in direct compensation from us, other
                                            than director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for
                                            prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service);</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">(i)&#160;The
                                            director is a current partner or employee of a firm that is our internal or external auditor;
                                            (ii)&#160;the director has an immediate family member who is a current partner of such a
                                            firm; (iii)&#160;the director has an immediate family member who is a current employee of
                                            such a firm and personally works on our audit; or (iv)&#160;the director or an immediate
                                            family member was within the last three years a partner or employee of such a firm and personally
                                            worked on our audit within that time;</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">The
                                            director or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, employed
                                            as an executive officer of another company where any of our present executive officers at
                                            the same time serves or served on that company&#8217;s compensation committee; or</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Symbol">&#183;</span></span></td><td style="text-align: justify">The
                                            director is a current employee, or an immediate family member is a current executive officer,
                                            of a company that has made payments to, or received payments from, us for property or services
                                            in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of $1 million,
                                            or two percent, of such other company&#8217;s consolidated gross revenues.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Board will also consider a director&#8217;s
charitable relationships. Contributions to tax-exempt organizations are not considered payments for purposes of the test in the final
bullet point above, provided that we are required to disclose in our annual Proxy Statement any such contributions made by us to any
tax-exempt organization in which any independent director serves as an executive officer if, within the preceding three years, contributions
in any single fiscal year from us to the organization exceeded the greater of $1 million, or two percent, of such tax-exempt organization&#8217;s
consolidated gross revenues.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">For purposes of the above independence standards,
an &#8220;immediate family member&#8221; includes a person&#8217;s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- and fathers-in-law,
sons- and daughters-in-law, brothers- and sisters-in-law and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares such person&#8217;s home.
When applying the look-back provisions set forth above, the Board need not consider individuals who are no longer immediate family members
as a result of legal separation or divorce, or those who have died or become incapacitated.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Board has affirmatively determined that each
member of the Board (besides Gregory J. Divis, our Chief Executive Officer) is independent in accordance with the above standards. Additionally,
we made no contributions during fiscal year 2023 to any charitable organization in which an independent director serves as an executive
officer in any single fiscal year within the preceding three fiscal years in an amount in excess of the greater of $1 million, or two
percent, of the charitable organization&#8217;s consolidated gross revenues.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b><span id="a_006"></span>Item&#160;14.</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Principal Accountant Fees
                                            and Services.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Our independent public accounting firm is <span id="xdx_90F_edei--AuditorName_c20230101__20231231_zKzymjDrHdv1"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-01to2023-12-31" id="Fact000042" name="dei:AuditorName">Deloitte
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following table summarizes the aggregate
fees of our independent registered public accounting firms, billed to us for the fiscal years ended December&#160;31, 2023 and December&#160;31,
2022 for audit and other services:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 97%; margin-left: 0.25in">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fiscal Year Ended <br/>
December&#160;31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; color: #231f20">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; color: #231f20">&#160;</td><td style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; color: #231f20">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 74%; color: #231f20; text-align: left">Audit Fees</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: right">1,178,158</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; color: #231f20">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; color: #231f20; text-align: left">$</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; color: #231f20; text-align: right">1,055,165</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">Tax Fees</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20">&#160;</td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: right">&#8212;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; text-align: right">1,178,158</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1pt; color: #231f20; text-align: left">&#160;</td><td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; color: #231f20; padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Audit
Fees.</i></span> Audit fees include professional services rendered by public accounting firms for the audit of our annual financial statements
in 2022 and 2023, including the reviews of the financial statements included in our quarterly reports on Form&#160;10-Q. This category
also includes fees for assistance with complex accounting and transactions, fees for audits provided in connection with statutory filings
or services that generally only the principal auditor can reasonably provide to a client, and consents and assistance with and review
of documents filed with the SEC.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Audit-Related
Fees.</i></span> Audit-related fees consist of amounts for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance
of the audit or review of our financial statements that are not reported under &#8220;Audit Fees.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Tax
Fees.</i></span> Tax fees include original and amended tax returns, studies supporting tax return amounts as may be required by Internal
Revenue Service regulations, claims for refunds, assistance with tax audits and other work directly affecting or supporting the payment
of taxes, planning, research and advice supporting our efforts to maximize the tax efficiency of our operations for fiscal years 2022
and 2023.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>All
Other Fees.</i></span> All other fees are fees for products or services other than those in the above three categories.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Pre-Approval Policy</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Audit Committee has adopted a policy for
the provision of audit services and permitted non-audit services by our independent registered public accounting firm and all fees described
above were pre-approved by our Audit Committee. Our Chief Financial Officer has primary responsibility to the Audit Committee for administration
and enforcement of this policy and for reporting non-compliance. Under the policy, our Audit Committee receives a presentation of an
annual budget and plan for audit services and for any proposed audit-related, tax or other non-audit services to be performed by the
independent registered public accounting firm.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i><span id="a_007"></span>PART&#160;IV</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 1in"><b><span id="a_008"></span>Item&#160;15.</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Exhibits and Financial Statement
                                            Schedules</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><b>(a)</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Documents filed as part of this
                                            report:</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><b>1.</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b><i>Financial Statements</i></b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in">See Item 8 -
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Part&#160;II of the 2023 Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><b>2<i>.</i></b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b><i>Financial Statement Schedules</i></b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The following financial statement schedule of
the Company was filed as part of the Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated statements
of the Company.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">All other schedules are omitted as they are not
applicable, not required or the information is included in the consolidated financial statements or related notes to the consolidated
financial statements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"/><td style="width: 0.25in"><b>(b)</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Exhibits &#8211; the following
                                            exhibits are included herein or incorporated herein by reference:</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Index to Exhibits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 12%; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit&#160;Number</b></span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; width: 86%; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit&#160;Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000114420416111245/v443435_ex2-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3.1</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000114420416111245/v443435_ex2-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Constitution
    (containing the Memorandum and Articles of Association) of Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc (incorporated by reference to Appendix 15 of
    Exhibit&#160;2.1 to the registrant&#8217;s current report on Form&#160;8-K, filed on July&#160;1, 2016)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000110465920024077/tm209736d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3.2</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000110465920024077/tm209736d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate
    of Designation of Series&#160;A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Shares of Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc, dated February&#160;20, 2020
    (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.1 to the registrant&#8217;s current report on Form&#160;8-K, filed on February&#160;24,
    2020)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000110465923039263/tm2310752d3_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3.3</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000110465923039263/tm2310752d3_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certificate
    of Designation of Series&#160;B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Shares of Avadel Pharmaceuticals plc, dated March&#160;29, 2023
    (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.1 to the registrant&#8217;s current report on Form&#160;8-K, filed on March&#160;30,
    2023)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000114420417000976/v456368_ex1-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.1</b></span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000114420417000976/v456368_ex1-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deposit
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    time to time of American Depositary Shares issued thereunder (including as an exhibit the form of American Depositary Receipt) (incorporated
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: justify"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000101247721000004/a123120ex-101.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Exclusive
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    by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.1 to the registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K for the year ended December&#160;31,
    2020, filed on March&#160;9, 2021)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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    reference to Exhibit&#160;10.2 to the registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2020,
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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  <tr>
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<tr>
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    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>

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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

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  <tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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    to Exhibit&#160;10.1 to the registrant&#8217;s current report on Form&#160;8-K, filed on June&#160;5, 2019)</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
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    (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.1 to the registrant&#8217;s Quarterly Report on From 10-Q, for the quarter ended September&#160;30,
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
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    (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.2 to the registrant&#8217;s Quarterly Report on From 10-Q, for the quarter ended September&#160;30,
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1012477/000101247718000008/avdlex-1045.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>10.14*</b></span></a></td>
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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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</table>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt; text-align: center; width: 12%"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001012477/000101247721000004/a123120ex-1019.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>10.17&#8225;</b></span></a></td>
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    Pharmaceuticals plc 2020 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.19 to the registrant&#8217;s
    Annual Report on Form&#160;10-K for the year ended December&#160;31, 2020, filed on March&#160;9, 2021)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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    registrant&#8217;s current report on Form&#160;8-K, filed August&#160;3, 2023)</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-right: 2.65pt; padding-left: 2.65pt">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>*
</b></span>Confidential treatment has been requested for the redacted portions of this agreement. A complete copy of the agreement, including
the redacted portions, has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"># The representations and warranties contained
in this agreement were made only for purposes of the transactions contemplated by the agreement as of specific dates and may have been
qualified by certain disclosures between the parties and a contractual standard of materiality different from those generally applicable
under securities laws, among other limitations. The representations and warranties were made for purposes of allocating contractual risk
between the parties to the agreement and should not be relied upon as a disclosure of factual information relating to the Company, the
Investors or the transaction described in the Current Report on Form&#160;8-K.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>&#8225;
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">+ Certain exhibits and schedules to these agreements
have been omitted pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K. The registrant will furnish copies of any of the exhibits and schedules to
the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#x5E; Certain portions of this exhibit have been
omitted because they are not material, and the registrant customarily and actually treats that information as private or confidential.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">(1)&#160;This certification accompanies the Form&#160;10-K
to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into
any filing of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (whether made before or after the
date of the Form&#160;10-K), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b><span id="a_009"></span>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of Section&#160;13
or 15(d)&#160;of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 47%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Avadel
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  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:
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    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/
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    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Chief
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and
on the dates indicated.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>avdl-20231231_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1.u1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140413409688400">
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<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover - USD ($)<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1">12 Months Ended</th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
<th class="th" colspan="1"></th>
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<tr>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 31, 2023</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Apr. 24, 2024</div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 30, 2023</div></th>
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<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
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<td class="text">0001012477<span></span>
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<td class="text">901-5201<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers', window );">Entity Voluntary Filers</a></td>
<td class="text">No<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus', window );">Entity Current Reporting Status</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent', window );">Entity Interactive Data Current</a></td>
<td class="text">Yes<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory', window );">Entity Filer Category</a></td>
<td class="text">Large Accelerated Filer<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness', window );">Entity Small Business</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityShellCompany', window );">Entity Shell Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityPublicFloat', window );">Entity Public Float</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">$ 1,459,121,731<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding', window );">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="nump">96,116,323<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag', window );">ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag', window );">Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorName', window );">Auditor Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Deloitte
and Touche LLP<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorLocation', window );">Auditor Location</a></td>
<td class="text">St. Louis, Missouri<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AuditorFirmId', window );">Auditor Firm ID</a></td>
<td class="text">34<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorFirmId">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>PCAOB issued Audit Firm Identifier</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorFirmId</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:nonemptySequenceNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorLocation">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorLocation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AuditorName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AuditorName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:internationalNameItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CountryRegion">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Region code of country</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CountryRegion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentAnnualReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as an annual report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentAnnualReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates whether any of the financial statement period in the filing include a restatement due to error correction.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-K<br> -Number 229<br> -Section 402<br> -Subsection w<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFinStmtErrorCorrectionFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Fiscal period values are FY, Q1, Q2, and Q3.  1st, 2nd and 3rd quarter 10-Q or 10-QT statements have value Q1, Q2, and Q3 respectively, with 10-K, 10-KT or other fiscal year statements having FY.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fiscalPeriodItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>This is focus fiscal year of the document report in YYYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gYearItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentTransitionReport">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a form used as a transition report.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 20-F<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13<br> -Subsection a-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentTransitionReport</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:sharesItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' whether registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFilerCategory">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: Large Accelerated Filer, Accelerated Filer, Non-accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFilerCategory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:filerCategoryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation S-T<br> -Number 232<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityPublicFloat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:monetaryItemType</td>
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<td>credit</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>instant</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityShellCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityShellCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntitySmallBusiness">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicates that the company is a Smaller Reporting Company (SRC).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntitySmallBusiness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate 'Yes' or 'No' if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Is used on Form Type: 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K, 20-F, 6-K, 10-K/A, 10-Q/A, 20-F/A, 6-K/A, N-CSR, N-Q, N-1A.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 405<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:yesNoItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 10-K<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 310<br><br>Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 20-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 220<br> -Subsection f<br><br>Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Form 40-F<br> -Number 249<br> -Section 240<br> -Subsection f<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_IcfrAuditorAttestationFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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