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Royalty Financing Obligation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Royalty Financing Obligation Royalty Financing Obligation
On March 29, 2023, the Company and Avadel CNS Pharmaceuticals, LLC entered into the RPA with RTW Investments, L.P. (“RTW”) for up to $75,000 of royalty financing in two tranches. The first tranche of $30,000 became available upon satisfaction of certain conditions which included the Company’s first shipment of LUMRYZ. The second tranche became available to use, at the Company’s election, when the Company achieved quarterly net revenue of $25,000 prior to the quarter ending June 30, 2024. The Company allowed the second tranche to expire on August 31, 2024 and paid a one-time commitment fee of $2,000 to RTW in accordance with the terms of the RPA.

On August 1, 2023, the Company received the first tranche of $30,000. The Company is required to make quarterly royalty payments calculated as 3.75% of worldwide net product revenue of LUMRYZ, up to a total payback of $75,000.

The RPA is recorded as a royalty financing obligation on the consolidated balance sheets based on the Company’s evaluation of the terms of the RPA. The accounts receivable and inventory balances of LUMRYZ are pledged as collateral for the RPA. There are no subjective acceleration clauses or provisions, and there are no covenants in violation or other clauses that would cause the full amount of the royalty financing obligation to be callable. As such, the RPA is recorded as a long-term obligation on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company imputes interest using the effective interest method and records interest expense based on the unamortized royalty financing obligation. The Company’s estimate of the interest rate under the RPA is based primarily on forecasted net revenue and the calculated amounts and timing of net royalty payments to reach the total payback of $75,000. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 the effective interest rate is estimated as 25.2% and 30.4%, respectively. The Company accounts for changes in the imputed interest rate resulting from changes in forecasted net product revenue using the prospective method.

The following table shows the activity within the royalty financing obligation account:

Royalty Financing Obligation:20242023
Royalty financing obligation – beginning balance$33,490 $— 
Receipt of the first tranche of the royalty financing obligation— 30,000 
Accretion of imputed interest expense on royalty financing obligation10,830 3,743 
Less: royalty payments made to RTW(5,181)(253)
Less: one-time payment for expiration of second tranche(2,000)— 
Royalty financing obligation – ending balance37,139 33,490 
Less: royalty payable to RTW classified within accrued expenses(1,890)(730)
Royalty financing obligation, non-current$35,249 $32,760 

The accretion of imputed interest expense is reflected as interest expense in the consolidated statements of loss. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total interest expense related to the royalty financing obligation was $10,830 and $3,743, respectively. The remaining interest expense incurred for the year ended December 31, 2023 was related to the 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due February 2023 (“February 2023 Notes”) and the 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due October 2023 (“October 2023 Notes”, together, the “2023 Notes”). The Company had no interest expense related to the royalty financing obligation during the year ended December 31, 2022.