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Royalty Financing Obligation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Royalty Financing Obligation | Royalty Financing Obligation On March 29, 2023, the Company and Avadel CNS Pharmaceuticals, LLC entered into the RPA with RTW Investments, L.P. (“RTW”) for up to $75,000 of royalty financing in two tranches. The first tranche of $30,000 became available upon satisfaction of certain conditions which included the Company’s first shipment of LUMRYZ. The second tranche became available to use, at the Company’s election, when the Company achieved quarterly net revenue of $25,000 prior to the quarter ending June 30, 2024. The Company allowed the second tranche to expire on August 31, 2024 and paid a one-time commitment fee of $2,000 to RTW in accordance with the terms of the RPA. On August 1, 2023, the Company received the first tranche of $30,000. The Company is required to make quarterly royalty payments calculated as 3.75% of worldwide net product revenue of LUMRYZ, up to a total payback of $75,000. The RPA is recorded as a royalty financing obligation on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets based on the Company’s evaluation of the terms of the RPA. The accounts receivable and inventory balances of LUMRYZ are pledged as collateral for the RPA. There are no subjective acceleration clauses or provisions, and there are no covenants in violation or other clauses that would cause the full amount of the royalty financing obligation to be callable unless a change of control is consummated, as defined in the RPA. As provided under the terms of the RPA following the announcement of the Transaction Agreement, RTW notified the Company of its intent to exercise its put option, as defined in the RPA, which is contingent on the closing of the Transaction Agreement with Alkermes. Given that the put option is effective only if the Transaction closes and any amounts due under the RPA are payable only after the Transaction closes, the royalty financing obligation remains a long-term obligation in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company imputes interest using the effective interest method and records interest expense based on the unamortized royalty financing obligation. The Company’s estimate of the interest rate under the RPA is based primarily on forecasted net revenue and the calculated amounts and timing of net royalty payments to reach the total payback of $75,000. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the effective interest rate is estimated as 25.2%. The Company accounts for changes in the imputed interest rate resulting from changes in forecasted net product revenue using the prospective method. The following table shows the activity within the royalty financing obligation account:
Royalty Financing Obligation: |  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Royalty financing obligation – beginning balance |  | $ | 37,139 |  |  | $ | 33,490 |
Accretion of imputed interest expense on royalty financing obligation |  | 7,008 |  |  | 10,830 |
Less: royalty payments made to RTW |  | (6,414) |  |  | (5,181) |
Less: one-time payment for expiration of second tranche |  | — |  |  | (2,000) |
Royalty financing obligation – ending balance |  | 37,733 |  |  | 37,139 |
Less: royalty payable to RTW classified within accrued expenses |  | (2,905) |  |  | (1,890) |
Royalty financing obligation, non-current |  | $ | 34,828 |  |  | $ | 35,249 |
The accretion of imputed interest expense is reflected as interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the total interest expense related to the royalty financing obligation was $2,415 and $2,820, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the total interest expense related to the royalty financing obligation was $7,008 and $8,128, respectively.

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