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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________
FORM 10-Q
___________________

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2021

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-10661
___________________
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
___________________

CA |  | 94-2792841
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

63 Constitution Drive
Chico, California 95973
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
(530) 898-0300
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
___________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock |  | TCBK |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☒ |  | Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer
☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company
☐ |  | Emerging growth company |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding for each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date:
Common stock, no par value: 29,714,718 shares outstanding as of May 6, 2021.

Table of Contents
TriCo Bancshares
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2
Item 1 – Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 2
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 37
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 52
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures | 53
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION | 54
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings | 54
Item 1A – Risk Factors | 54
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 54
Item 6 – Exhibits | 55
Signatures | 56

1

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
TRICO BANCSHARES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data; unaudited)

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Assets: |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 94,157 |  |  | $ | 77,253 |
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks | 515,365 |  |  | 592,298 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 609,522 |  |  | 669,551 |
Investment securities: |  |  |
Marketable equity securities | 2,971 |  |  | 3,025 |
Available for sale debt securities, net of allowance for credit losses of $— | 1,682,105 |  |  | 1,414,264 |
Held to maturity debt securities, net of allowance for credit losses of $— | 260,454 |  |  | 284,563 |
Restricted equity securities | 17,250 |  |  | 17,250 |
Loans held for sale | 3,995 |  |  | 6,268 |
Loans | 4,966,977 |  |  | 4,763,127 |
Allowance for credit losses | (85,941) |  |  | (91,847) |
Total loans, net | 4,881,036 |  |  | 4,671,280 |
Premises and equipment, net | 82,338 |  |  | 83,731 |
Cash value of life insurance | 119,543 |  |  | 118,870 |
Accrued interest receivable | 19,442 |  |  | 20,004 |
Goodwill | 220,872 |  |  | 220,872 |
Other intangible assets, net | 16,402 |  |  | 17,833 |
Operating leases, right-of-use | 27,540 |  |  | 27,846 |
Other assets | 88,142 |  |  | 84,172 |
Total assets | $ | 8,031,612 |  |  | $ | 7,639,529 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand | $ | 2,766,510 |  |  | $ | 2,581,517 |
Interest-bearing | 4,096,890 |  |  | 3,924,417 |
Total deposits | 6,863,400 |  |  | 6,505,934 |
Accrued interest payable | 970 |  |  | 1,362 |
Operating lease liability | 27,780 |  |  | 27,973 |
Other liabilities | 102,955 |  |  | 94,597 |
Other borrowings | 36,226 |  |  | 26,914 |
Junior subordinated debt | 57,742 |  |  | 57,635 |
Total liabilities | 7,089,073 |  |  | 6,714,415 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, no par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized; 29,727,122 and 29,727,214 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively | 531,367 |  |  | 530,835 |
Retained earnings | 408,211 |  |  | 381,999 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | 2,961 |  |  | 12,280 |
Total shareholders’ equity | 942,539 |  |  | 925,114 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 8,031,612 |  |  | $ | 7,639,529 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
TRICO BANCSHARES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share data; unaudited)

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Interest and dividend income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees | $ | 60,436 |  |  | $ | 56,258 |  |  |  |  |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable securities | 6,177 |  |  | 8,211 |  |  |  |  |
Tax exempt securities | 923 |  |  | 904 |  |  |  |  |
Dividends | 217 |  |  | 361 |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing cash at Federal Reserve and other banks | 163 |  |  | 783 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest and dividend income | 67,916 |  |  | 66,517 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 937 |  |  | 2,551 |  |  |  |  |
Other borrowings | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |
Junior subordinated debt | 535 |  |  | 769 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest expense | 1,476 |  |  | 3,325 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | 66,440 |  |  | 63,192 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses | (6,060) |  |  | 8,070 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income after credit loss provision (reversal) | 72,500 |  |  | 55,122 |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges and fees | 10,476 |  |  | 9,126 |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of loans | 3,247 |  |  | 891 |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of investment securities | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Asset management and commission income | 834 |  |  | 916 |  |  |  |  |
Increase in cash value of life insurance | 673 |  |  | 720 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 880 |  |  | 167 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest income | 16,110 |  |  | 11,820 |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and related benefits | 25,330 |  |  | 27,272 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 16,288 |  |  | 17,477 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest expense | 41,618 |  |  | 44,749 |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes | 46,992 |  |  | 22,193 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 13,343 |  |  | 6,072 |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 33,649 |  |  | $ | 16,121 |  |  |  |  |
Per share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  |  |  |
Dividends per share | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  |  |  |

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands; unaudited)

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 33,649 |  |  | $ | 16,121 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized losses on available for sale securities arising during the period | (8,690) |  |  | (20,822) |  |  |  |  |
Change in minimum pension liability | — |  |  | 912 |  |  |  |  |
Change in joint beneficiary agreements | (629) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (9,319) |  |  | (19,910) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 24,330 |  |  | $ | (3,789) |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
TRICO BANCSHARES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands, except share and per share data; unaudited)

| Shares of Common Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 30,523,824 |  |  | $ | 543,998 |  |  | $ | 367,794 |  |  | $ | (5,222) |  |  | $ | 906,570 |
Cumulative change from adoption of ASU 2016-13 |  |  |  |  | (12,983) |  |  |  |  | (12,983) |
Balance at January 1, 2020 (as adjusted for change in accounting principle) | 30,523,824 |  |  | 543,998 |  |  | 354,811 |  |  | (5,222) |  |  | 893,587 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 16,121 |  |  |  |  | 16,121 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19,910) |  |  | (19,910) |
Stock options exercised | 8,000 |  |  | 148 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 148 |
RSU vesting |  |  | 297 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 297 |
PSU vesting |  |  | 142 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142 |
RSUs released | 362 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Repurchase of common stock | (558,670) |  |  | (9,962) |  |  | (7,333) |  |  |  |  | (17,295) |
Dividends paid ($0.22 per share) |  |  |  |  | (6,664) |  |  |  |  | (6,664) |
Three months ended March 31, 2020 | 29,973,516 |  |  | $ | 534,623 |  |  | $ | 356,935 |  |  | $ | (25,132) |  |  | $ | 866,426 |

Balance at January 1, 2021 | 29,727,214 |  |  | $ | 530,835 |  |  | $ | 381,999 |  |  | $ | 12,280 |  |  | $ | 925,114 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 33,649 |  |  |  |  | 33,649 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9,319) |  |  | (9,319) |
Stock options exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
RSU vesting |  |  | 352 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 352 |
PSU vesting |  |  | 185 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 185 |
RSUs released | 201 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Repurchase of common stock | (293) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |  | (10) |
Dividends paid ($0.25 per share) |  |  |  |  | (7,432) |  |  |  |  | (7,432) |
Three months ended March 31, 2021 | 29,727,122 |  |  | $ | 531,367 |  |  | $ | 408,211 |  |  | $ | 2,961 |  |  | $ | 942,539 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
TRICO BANCSHARES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands; unaudited)

| For the three months ended March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 33,649 |  |  | $ | 16,121 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation of premises and equipment, and amortization | 1,698 |  |  | 1,618 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 1,431 |  |  | 1,431 |
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses | (6,060) |  |  | 8,070 |
Amortization of investment securities premium, net | 1,186 |  |  | 509 |
Originations of loans for resale | (65,970) |  |  | (28,394) |
Proceeds from sale of loans originated for resale | 70,987 |  |  | 31,629 |
Gain on sale of loans | (3,247) |  |  | (891) |
Change in market value of mortgage servicing rights | (12) |  |  | 1,258 |
Gain on sale of foreclosed assets | (42) |  |  | (41) |
Operating lease expense payments | (1,204) |  |  | (1,237) |
Increase in cash value of life insurance | (673) |  |  | (720) |
Loss (gain) on marketable equity securities | 53 |  |  | (47) |
Equity compensation vesting expense | 537 |  |  | 439 |
Change in: |  |  |
Interest receivable | 562 |  |  | 322 |
Interest payable | (392) |  |  | (421) |
Accretion of operating lease ROUA | 1,317 |  |  | 1,362 |
Other assets and liabilities, net | 7,376 |  |  | 2,609 |
Net cash from operating activities | 41,196 |  |  | 33,617 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale | 91,813 |  |  | 20,212 |
Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity | 23,850 |  |  | 15,592 |
Purchases of securities available for sale | (372,917) |  |  | (101,899) |
Loan origination and principal collections, net | (102,230) |  |  | (70,903) |
Loans purchased | (101,466) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned | 577 |  |  | 353 |
Purchases of premises and equipment | (188) |  |  | (761) |
Net cash used by investing activities | (460,561) |  |  | (137,406) |
Financing activities: |  |  |
Net change in deposits | 357,466 |  |  | 35,704 |
Net change in other borrowings | 9,312 |  |  | 855 |
Repurchase of common stock, net of option exercises | (10) |  |  | (17,147) |
Dividends paid | (7,432) |  |  | (6,664) |
Net cash from financing activities | 359,336 |  |  | 12,748 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | (60,029) |  |  | (91,041) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 669,551 |  |  | 276,507 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 609,522 |  |  | $ | 185,466 |
Supplemental disclosure of noncash activities: |  |  |
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale | $ | (12,337) |  |  | $ | (29,561) |
Market value of shares tendered in-lieu of cash to pay for exercise of options and/or related taxes | 2 |  |  | 148 |
Obligations incurred in conjunction with leased assets | 1,308 |  |  | 3,393 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activity: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest expense | 1,868 |  |  | 3,746 |
Cash paid for income taxes | — |  |  | — |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
TriCo Bancshares (the “Company” or “we”) is a California corporation organized to act as a bank holding company for Tri Counties Bank (the “Bank”). The Company and the Bank are headquartered in Chico, California. The Bank is a California-chartered bank that is engaged in the general commercial banking business in 29 California counties. The Company has five capital subsidiary business trusts (collectively, the “Capital Trusts”) that issued trust preferred securities, including two organized by the Company and three acquired with the acquisition of North Valley Bancorp.
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting policies generally accepted in the United States of America and general practices in the banking industry. All adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. The financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For financial reporting purposes, the Company’s investments in the Capital Trusts of $1,830,000 are accounted for under the equity method and, accordingly, are not consolidated and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The subordinated debentures issued and guaranteed by the Company and held by the Capital Trusts are reflected as debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Annual Report”). The Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading.
Segment and Significant Group Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company grants agribusiness, commercial, consumer, and residential loans to customers located throughout northern and central California. The Company has a diversified loan portfolio within the business segments located in this geographical area. The Company currently classifies all its operation into one business segment that it denotes as community banking.
Geographical Descriptions
For the purpose of describing the geographical location of the Company’s operations, the Company has defined northern California as that area of California north of, and including, Stockton to the east and San Jose to the west; central California as that area of the state south of Stockton and San Jose, to and including, Bakersfield to the east and San Luis Obispo to the west; and southern California as that area of the state south of Bakersfield and San Luis Obispo.
Reclassification
Some items in the prior year consolidated financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders’ equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Net cash flows are reported for loan and deposit transactions and other borrowings. For purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash, due from banks with original maturities less than 90 days, interest-earning deposits in other banks, and Federal funds sold are considered to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Securities
The Company measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type, then further
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disaggregated by sector and bond rating. Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity (HTM) debt securities totaled $668,000 at March 31, 2021 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current condition and reasonable and supportable forecasts based on current and expected changes in credit ratings and default rates. Based on the implied guarantees of the U. S. Government or its agencies related to certain of these investment securities, and the absence of any historical or expected losses, substantially all qualify for a zero loss assumption. Management has separately evaluated its HTM investment securities from obligations of state and political subdivisions utilizing the historical loss data represented by similar securities over a period of time spanning nearly 50 years. As a result of this evaluation, management determined that the expected credit losses associated with these securities is not significant for financial reporting purposes and therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recognized.
The Company evaluates available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Both the allowance for credit losses and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired available for sale debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. In evaluating available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuers' financial condition, among other factors. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the uncollectability of an available for sale debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. No security credit losses were recognized during the three month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Loans
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold until maturity or payoff are reported at principle amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs. Loans are placed in nonaccrual status when reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of interest or principal, or a loan becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal and is not well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against interest income. Income on such loans is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is considered probable. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of Management, the loan is estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. Accrued interest receivable is not included in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans
The allowance for credit losses (ACL) is a valuation account that is deducted from the loan's amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the recorded loan balance is confirmed as uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Regardless of the determination that a charge-off is appropriate for financial accounting purposes, the Company manages its loan portfolio by continually monitoring, where possible, a borrower's ability to pay through the collection of financial information, delinquency status, borrower discussion and the encouragement to repay in accordance with the original contract or modified terms, if appropriate.
Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, which captures loan balances as of a point in time to form a cohort, then tracks the respective losses generated by that cohort of loans over the remaining life. The Company identified and accumulated loan cohort historical loss data beginning with the fourth quarter of 2008 and through the current period. In situations where the Company's actual loss history was not statistically relevant, the loss history of peers, defined as financial institutions with assets greater than three billion and less than ten billion, were utilized to create a minimum loss rate. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in relevant current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as historical timing of losses relative to the loan origination. In its loss forecasting framework, the Company incorporates forward-looking information through the use of macroeconomic scenarios applied over the forecasted life of the assets. These macroeconomic scenarios incorporate variables that have historically been key drivers of increases and decreases in credit losses. These variables include, but are not limited to changes in environmental conditions, such as California unemployment rates, household debt levels and U.S. gross domestic product.
A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The ACL on collateral dependent loans is measured using the fair value of the underlying collateral, adjusted for costs to
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sell when applicable, less the amortized cost basis of the financial asset. If the value of underlying collateral is determined to be less than the recorded amount of the loan, a charge-off will be taken. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, is considered to be a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The ACL on a TDR is measured using the same method as all other portfolio loans, except when the value of a concession cannot be measured using a method other than the discounted cash flow method. When the value of a concession is measured using the discounted cash flow method, the ACL is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at the original interest rate of the loan.
The Company has identified the following portfolio segments to evaluate and measure the allowance for credit loss:
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied: These commercial properties typically consist of buildings which are leased to others for their use and rely on rents as the primary source of repayment. Property types are predominantly office, retail, or light industrial but the portfolio also has some special use properties. As such, the risk of loss associated with these properties is primarily driven by general economic changes or changes in regional economies and the impact of such on a tenant’s ability to pay. Ultimately this can affect occupancy, rental rates, or both. Additional risk of loss can come from new construction resulting in oversupply, the costs to hold or operate the property, or changes in interest rates. The terms on these loans at origination typically have maturities from five to ten years with amortization periods from fifteen to thirty years.
Commercial real estate - Owner occupied: These credits are primarily susceptible to changes in the financial condition of the business operated by the property owner. This may be driven by changes in, among other things, industry challenges, factors unique to the operating geography of the borrower, change in the individual fortunes of the business owner, general economic conditions and changes in business cycles. When default is driven by issues related specifically to the business owner, collateral values tend to provide better repayment support and may result in little or no loss. Alternatively, when default is driven more by general economic conditions, the underlying collateral may have devalued more and thus result in larger losses in the event of default. The terms on these loans at origination typically have maturities from five to ten years with amortization periods from fifteen to thirty years.
Multifamily: These commercial properties are generally comprised of more than four rentable units, such as apartment buildings, with each unit intended to be occupied as the primary residence for one or more persons. Multifamily properties are also subject to changes in general or regional economic conditions, such as unemployment, ultimately resulting in increased vacancy rates or reduced rents or both. In addition, new construction can create an oversupply condition and market competition resulting in increased vacancy, reduced market rents, or both. Due to the nature of their use and the greater likelihood of tenant turnover, the management of these properties is more intensive and therefore is more critical to the preclusion of loss.
Farmland: While the Company has few loans that were originated for the purpose of the acquisition of these commercial properties, loans secured by farmland represent unique risks that are associated with the operation of an agricultural businesses. The valuation of farmland can vary greatly over time based on the property's access to resources including but not limited to water, crop prices, foreign exchange rates, government regulation or restrictions, and the nature of ongoing capital investment needed to maintain the quality of the property. Loans secured by farmland typically represent less risk to the Company than other agriculture loans as the real estate typically provides greater support in the event of default or need for longer term repayment.
Consumer loans:
SFR 1-4 1st DT Liens: The most significant drivers of potential loss within the Company's residential real estate portfolio relate general, regional, or individual changes in economic conditions and their effect on employment and borrowers cash flow. Risk in this portfolio is best measured by changes in borrower credit score and loan-to-value. Loss estimates are based on the general movement in credit score, economic outlook and its effects on employment and the value of homes and the Bank’s historical loss experience adjusted to reflect the economic outlook and the unemployment rate.
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens: Similar to residential real estate term loans, HELOCs and junior liens performance is also primarily driven by borrower cash flows based on employment status. However, HELOCs carry additional risks associated with the fact that most of these loans are secured by a deed of trust in a position that is junior to the primary lien holder. Furthermore, the risk that as the borrower's financial strength deteriorates, the outstanding balance on these credit lines may increase as they may only be canceled by the Company if certain limited criteria are met. In addition to the allowance for credit losses maintained as a percent of the outstanding loan balance, the Company maintains additional reserves for the unfunded portion of the HELOC.
Other: The majority of consumer loans are secured by automobiles, with the remainder primarily unsecured revolving debt (credit cards). These loans are susceptible to three primary risks; non-payment due to income loss, over-extension of credit and, when the borrower is unable to pay, shortfall in collateral value, if any. Typically non-payment is due to loss of job and will follow general economic trends in the marketplace driven primarily by rises in the unemployment rate. Loss of collateral value can be due to market demand shifts, damage to collateral itself or a combination of those factors. Credit card loans are unsecured and while collection efforts are pursued in the event of default, there is typically limited opportunity for recovery. Loss estimates are based on the general movement in credit score, economic outlook and its effects on employment and the Bank’s historical loss experience adjusted to reflect the economic outlook and the unemployment rate.
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Commercial and Industrial:
Repayment of these loans is primarily based on the cash flow of the borrower, and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. A borrower's cash flow may be unpredictable, and collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most often, collateral includes accounts receivable, inventory, or equipment. Collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise, may be illiquid and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. Actual and forecast changes in gross domestic product are believed to be corollary to losses associated with these credits.
Construction:
While secured by real estate, construction loans represent a greater level of risk than term real estate loans due to the nature of the additional risks associated with the not only the completion of construction within an estimated time period and budget, but also the need to either sell the building or reach a level of stabilized occupancy sufficient to generate the cash flows necessary to support debt service and operating costs. The Company seeks to mitigate the additional risks associated with construction lending by requiring borrowers to comply with lower loan to value ratios and additional covenants as well as strong tertiary support of guarantors. The loss forecasting model applies the historical rate of loss for similar loans over the expected life of the asset as adjusted for macroeconomic factors.
Agriculture Production:
Repayment of agricultural loans is dependent upon successful operation of the agricultural business, which is greatly impacted by factors outside the control of the borrower. These factors include adverse weather conditions, including access to water, that may impact crop yields, loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agriculture products, changes in foreign exchange, and the impact of government regulations. In addition, many farms are dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may significantly affect the successful operation of the business. Consequently, agricultural production loans may involve a greater degree of risk than other types of loans.
Leases:
The loss forecasting model applies the historical rate of loss for similar loans over the expected life of the asset. Leases typically represent an elevated level of credit risk as compared to loans secured by real estate as the collateral for leases is often subject to a more rapid rate of depreciation or depletion. The ultimate severity of loss is impacted by the type of collateral securing the exposure, the size of the exposure, the borrower’s industry sector, any guarantors and the geographic market. Assumptions of expected loss are conditioned to the economic outlook and the other variables discussed above.
Unfunded commitments:
The estimated credit losses associated with these unfunded lending commitments is calculated using the same models and methodologies noted above and incorporate utilization assumptions at time of default. The reserve for unfunded commitments is maintained on the consolidated balance sheet in other liabilities.
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2021
On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU simplified the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The guidance also promoted consistent application and simplification of GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The CARES Act provides optional temporary relief from troubled debt restructuring and impairment accounting requirements for loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic made during the period from March 1, 2020 to the earlier of December 31, 2020 or 60 days after the national emergency concerning COVID-19 declared by the President terminates. The applicable period for this relief was extended through 2021 by way of the Consolidated Appropriations Act. Following the passage of the CARES Act legislation, the "Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus" was issued by federal bank regulators, which similarly offers temporary relief from troubled debt restructuring accounting for loan payment deferrals for certain customers whose businesses are experiencing economic hardship due to Coronavirus. The Interagency Statement requires the modification event to be short-term and COVID-19 related, requiring the borrower be not more than 30 days past due as of the date the modification program was implemented, and allowing Management to apply judgement as when the modification program terminates. The ability to suspend TDR accounting under either program does not apply to any adverse impact on the credit of a borrower that is not related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Accounting Standards Pending Adoption
FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform by providing optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging
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relationships, and other transactions affected if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this Update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The election to apply the optional relief for existing fair value and cash flow hedge accounting relationships may be made on a hedge-by-hedge basis and across multiple reporting periods. Amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company through December 31, 2022. As the Company has an insignificant number of instruments that are applicable to this ASU, management has determined that no impact to the valuations of these instruments are applicable for financial reporting purposes.
Note 2 - Investment Securities
The amortized cost, estimated fair values and allowance for credit losses of investments in debt securities are summarized in the following tables:

| March 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Debt Securities Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 1,029,611 |  |  | $ | 11,056 |  |  | $ | (7,733) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,032,934 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 136,709 |  |  | 5,246 |  |  | (1,571) |  |  | — |  |  | 140,384 |
Corporate bonds | 2,466 |  |  | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,534 |
Asset backed securities | 506,473 |  |  | 2,645 |  |  | (2,865) |  |  | — |  |  | 506,253 |
Total debt securities available for sale | $ | 1,675,259 |  |  | $ | 19,015 |  |  | $ | (12,169) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,682,105 |

Debt Securities Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 250,178 |  |  | $ | 10,643 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 260,821 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 10,276 |  |  | 342 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,618 |
Total debt securities held to maturity | $ | 260,454 |  |  | $ | 10,985 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 271,439 |

| December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Debt Securities Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 795,555 |  |  | $ | 17,710 |  |  | $ | (891) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 812,374 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 123,347 |  |  | 5,748 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,095 |
Corporate bonds | 2,459 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,544 |
Asset backed securities | 473,720 |  |  | 1,682 |  |  | (5,151) |  |  | — |  |  | 470,251 |
Total debt securities available for sale | $ | 1,395,081 |  |  | $ | 25,225 |  |  | $ | (6,042) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,414,264 |
Debt Securities Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | 273,667 |  |  | 13,774 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 287,441 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 10,896 |  |  | 389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,285 |
Total debt securities held to maturity | $ | 284,563 |  |  | $ | 14,163 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 298,726 |

There were no sales of investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Investment securities with an aggregate carrying value of $417,528,000 and $429,049,000 at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged as collateral for specific borrowings, lines of credit or local agency deposits.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2021 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. At March 31, 2021, obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies with a cost basis totaling $1,069,850,000 consist almost entirely of residential real estate mortgage-backed securities whose contractual maturity, or principal repayment, will follow the repayment of the underlying mortgages. For purposes of the following table, the entire outstanding balance of these mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government corporations and agencies is categorized based on final maturity date. At March 31, 2021, the Company estimates the average remaining life of these mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government corporations and agencies to be approximately 4.58 years. Average remaining life is defined as the time span after which the principal balance has been reduced by half.
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As of March 31, 2021, the contractual final maturity for available for sale and held to maturity investment securities is as follows:

Debt Securities | Available for Sale |  | Held to Maturity
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year | $ | 990 |  |  | $ | 1,018 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after one year through five years | 182,664 |  |  | 182,915 |  |  | 1,003 |  |  | 1,118 |
Due after five years through ten years | 262,409 |  |  | 262,888 |  |  | 21,248 |  |  | 21,967 |
Due after ten years | 1,229,196 |  |  | 1,235,284 |  |  | 238,203 |  |  | 248,354 |
Totals | $ | 1,675,259 |  |  | $ | 1,682,105 |  |  | $ | 260,454 |  |  | $ | 271,439 |

Gross unrealized losses on debt securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

March 31, 2021: | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
Debt Securities Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 664,219 |  |  | $ | (7,733) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 664,219 |  |  | $ | (7,733) |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 38,529 |  |  | (1,571) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,529 |  |  | (1,571) |
Asset backed securities | 86,698 |  |  | (271) |  |  | 218,077 |  |  | (2,594) |  |  | 304,775 |  |  | (2,865) |
Total debt securities available for sale | $ | 789,446 |  |  | $ | (9,575) |  |  | $ | 218,077 |  |  | $ | (2,594) |  |  | $ | 1,007,523 |  |  | $ | (12,169) |

December 31, 2020: | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
Debt Securities Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 160,543 |  |  | $ | (891) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 160,543 |  |  | $ | (891) |
Asset backed securities | 51,544 |  |  | (441) |  |  | 297,020 |  |  | (4,710) |  |  | 348,564 |  |  | (5,151) |
Total debt securities available for sale | $ | 212,087 |  |  | $ | (1,332) |  |  | $ | 297,020 |  |  | $ | (4,710) |  |  | $ | 509,107 |  |  | $ | (6,042) |

Obligations of U.S. government agencies: The unrealized losses on investments in obligations of U.S. government agencies are caused by interest rate increases and illiquidity. The contractual cash flows of these securities are guaranteed by U.S. Government Sponsored Entities (principally Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment.Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses recorded. At March 31, 2021, 29 debt securities representing obligations of U.S. government agencies had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 1.15% from the Company’s amortized cost basis.
Obligations of states and political subdivisions: The unrealized losses on investments in obligations of states and political subdivisions were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses recorded as of March 31, 2021. At March 31, 2021, 13 debt securities representing obligations of states and political subdivisions had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 3.92% from the Company’s amortized cost basis.
Asset backed securities: The unrealized losses on investments in asset backed securities were caused by increases in required yields by investors for these types of securities. At the time of purchase, each of these securities was rated AA or AAA and through March 31, 2021 has not experienced any deterioration in credit rating. At March 31, 2021, 27 asset backed securities had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 0.93% from the Company’s amortized cost basis. The Company continues to monitor these securities for changes in credit rating or other indications of credit deterioration. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses recorded as of March 31, 2021.
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The Company monitors credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity through the use of credit rating. The Company monitors the credit rating on a monthly basis. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at the dates indicated, aggregated by credit quality indicator:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| AAA/AA/A |  | BBB/BB/B |  | AAA/AA/A |  | BBB/BB/B
| (In thousands) |  | (In thousands)
Debt Securities Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 250,178 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 273,667 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 10,276 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,896 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities held to maturity | $ | 260,454 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 284,563 |  |  | $ | — |

Note 3 – Loans
A summary of loan balances follows:

(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate: |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 1,554,927 |  |  | $ | 1,535,555 |
CRE owner occupied | 641,216 |  |  | 624,375 |
Multifamily | 764,884 |  |  | 639,480 |
Farmland | 147,597 |  |  | 152,492 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 3,108,624 |  |  | 2,951,902 |
Consumer: |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | 636,824 |  |  | 546,592 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 331,333 |  |  | 327,484 |
Other | 73,056 |  |  | 78,032 |
Total consumer loans | 1,041,213 |  |  | 952,108 |
Commercial and industrial | 551,077 |  |  | 526,327 |
Construction | 221,613 |  |  | 284,842 |
Agriculture production | 39,753 |  |  | 44,164 |
Leases | 4,697 |  |  | 3,784 |
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and discounts | $ | 4,966,977 |  |  | $ | 4,763,127 |
Total principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs | $ | 5,009,686 |  |  | $ | 4,805,596 |
Unamortized net deferred loan fees | (20,108) |  |  | (16,984) |
Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs | (22,601) |  |  | (25,485) |
Total loans, net of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts | $ | 4,966,977 |  |  | $ | 4,763,127 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | $ | (85,941) |  |  | $ | (91,847) |

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2021, the total balance outstanding of PPP loans, which are included in commercial and industrial loans, was $370,274,000 (approximately 2,484 loans) and $333,982,000 (approximately 2,300 loans), respectively, as compared to total PPP originations of $614,826,000. Included in the balance of outstanding PPP loans as of March 31, 2021 are approximately 1,303 loans with outstanding balances of less than $50,000 each and with a total balance outstanding of $26,895,000. In connection with the origination of the PPP loans, the Company earned $23,585,000 in loan fees, offset by deferred loan costs of $1,163,000, the net of which will be recognized over the earlier of loan maturity, repayment or receipt of forgiveness confirmation. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there was $9,430,000 and $7,212,000, respectively, in net deferred fee income remaining to be recognized. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $5,232,000 and zero, respectively, in fees on PPP loans.
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Note 4 – Allowance for Credit Losses
For the periods indicated, the following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans which is recorded as a contra asset, and the reserve for unfunded commitments which is recorded on the balance sheet within other liabilities:

| Allowance for credit losses – Three months ended March 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Beginning Balance |  |  |  | Charge-offs |  | Recoveries |  | Provision (benefit) |  | Ending Balance
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 29,380 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (2,948) |  |  | $ | 26,434 |
CRE owner occupied | 10,861 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (988) |  |  | 9,874 |
Multifamily | 11,472 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 899 |  |  | 12,371 |
Farmland | 1,980 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (256) |  |  | 1,724 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 53,693 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3,293) |  |  | 50,403 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | 10,117 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 10,665 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 11,771 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 285 |  |  | (977) |  |  | 11,079 |
Other | 3,260 |  |  |  |  | (193) |  |  | 106 |  |  | (313) |  |  | 2,860 |
Total consumer loans | 25,148 |  |  |  |  | (193) |  |  | 401 |  |  | (752) |  |  | 24,604 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,252 |  |  |  |  | (33) |  |  | 136 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 4,464 |
Construction | 7,540 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,064) |  |  | 5,476 |
Agriculture production | 1,209 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | (241) |  |  | 988 |
Leases | 5 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | 91,847 |  |  |  |  | (226) |  |  | 560 |  |  | (6,240) |  |  | 85,941 |
Reserve for unfunded commitments | 3,400 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180 |  |  | 3,580 |
Total | $ | 95,247 |  |  |  |  | $ | (226) |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | (6,060) |  |  | $ | 89,521 |

In determining the allowance for credit losses, accruing loans with similar risk characteristics are generally evaluated collectively. To estimate expected losses the Company generally utilizes historical loss trends and the remaining contractual lives of the loan portfolios to determine estimated credit losses through a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Individual loan credit quality indicators including loan grade and borrower repayment performance have been statistically correlated with historical credit losses and various econometrics, including California unemployment, gross domestic product, and corporate bond yields. Model forecasts may be adjusted for inherent limitations or biases that have been identified through independent validation and back-testing of model performance to actual realized results.
The Company utilizes a reasonable and supportable forecast period of approximately eight quarters and obtains the forecast data from publicly available sources. The Company also considers the impact of portfolio concentrations, changes in underwriting practices, imprecision in its economic forecasts, and other risk factors that might influence its loss estimation process. During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the majority of the change in ACL during the period is primarily attributed to portfolio-wide qualitative indicators related to forecasted changes in the US Unemployment outlook and concentration risk. The aggregate change in these qualitative factors during the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $5,435,000. Further, quantitative calculations decreases based on historical loss experience further reduced required credit reserves by $471,000 as of March 31, 2021. Management noted that the majority of economic forecasts utilized in the ACL calculation have recent estimates that forecast the U.S. economy rebounding to pre-pandemic levels during 2021. These forecasts remain cautious as a result of; lingering supply chain interruptions caused by an imbalance in supply and demand, logistical and transportation issues, and resurgences in COVID variants in certain nations worldwide. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2021 appropriately reflected expected credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at that date.
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| Allowance for credit losses – Year ended December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Beginning Balance |  | Adoption of CECL |  | Charge-offs |  | Recoveries |  | Provision (benefit) |  | Ending Balance
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 5,948 |  |  | $ | 6,701 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 16,533 |  |  | $ | 29,380 |
CRE owner occupied | 2,027 |  |  | 2,281 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 6,525 |  |  | 10,861 |
Multifamily | 3,352 |  |  | 2,281 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,839 |  |  | 11,472 |
Farmland | 668 |  | 585 |  |  | (182) |  |  | — |  |  | 909 |  | 1,980 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 11,995 |  |  | 11,848 |  |  | (182) |  |  | 226 |  |  | 29,806 |  |  | 53,693 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | 2,306 |  |  | 2,675 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 416 |  |  | 4,733 |  |  | 10,117 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 6,183 |  |  | 4,638 |  |  | (116) |  |  | 304 |  |  | 762 |  |  | 11,771 |
Other | 1,595 |  |  | 971 |  |  | (670) |  |  | 347 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 3,260 |
Total consumer loans | 10,084 |  |  | 8,284 |  |  | (799) |  |  | 1,067 |  |  | 6,512 |  |  | 25,148 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,867 |  |  | (1,961) |  |  | (774) |  |  | 568 |  |  | 1,552 |  |  | 4,252 |
Construction | 3,388 |  |  | 933 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,219 |  |  | 7,540 |
Agriculture production | 261 |  |  | (179) |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,103 |  |  | 1,209 |
Leases | 21 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 5 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | 30,616 |  |  | 18,913 |  |  | (1,755) |  |  | 1,885 |  |  | 42,188 |  |  | 91,847 |
Reserve for unfunded commitments | 2,775 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 625 |  |  | 3,400 |
Total | $ | 33,391 |  |  | $ | 18,913 |  |  | $ | (1,755) |  |  | $ | 1,885 |  |  | $ | 42,813 |  |  | $ | 95,247 |

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-03 Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the incurred loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) methodology. The Company recognized an increase in the ACL for loans totaling $18,913,000, including a reclassification of $481,000 from discounts on acquired loans to the allowance for credit losses, as a cumulative effect adjustment from change in accounting policies, with a corresponding decrease in retained earnings, net of $5,449,000 in taxes of $12,983,000.

| Allowance for loan losses – Three months ended March 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Beginning Balance |  | Adoption of CECL |  | Charge-offs |  | Recoveries |  | Provision (benefit) |  | Ending Balance
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 5,948 |  |  | $ | 6,701 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | 5,195 |  |  | $ | 18,033 |
CRE owner occupied | 2,027 |  |  | 2,281 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,052 |  |  | 5,365 |
Multifamily | 3,352 |  |  | 2,281 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (493) |  |  | 5,140 |
Farmland | 668 |  |  | 585 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (541) |  |  | 712 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 11,995 |  |  | 11,848 |  |  | — |  |  | 194 |  |  | 5,213 |  |  | 29,250 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | 2,306 |  |  | 2,675 |  |  | — |  |  | 410 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 5,650 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 6,183 |  |  | 4,638 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 11,196 |
Other | 1,595 |  |  | 971 |  |  | (130) |  |  | 94 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 2,746 |
Total consumer loans | 10,084 |  |  | 8,284 |  |  | (130) |  |  | 552 |  |  | 802 |  |  | 19,592 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,867 |  |  | (1,961) |  |  | (380) |  |  | 126 |  |  | 1,216 |  |  | 3,868 |
Construction | 3,388 |  |  | 933 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 274 |  |  | 4,595 |
Agriculture production | 261 |  |  | (179) |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 595 |
Leases | 21 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | 30,616 |  |  | 18,913 |  |  | (510) |  |  | 892 |  |  | 8,000 |  |  | 57,911 |
Reserve for unfunded commitments | 2,775 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,775 |
Total | $ | 33,391 |  |  | $ | 18,913 |  |  | $ | (510) |  |  | $ | 892 |  |  | $ | 8,000 |  |  | $ | 60,686 |

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As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including, but not limited to, trends relating to (i) the level of criticized and classified loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) non-performing loans, and (iv) delinquency within the portfolio. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk and grading. This analysis is performed annually for all outstanding balances greater than $1,000,000 and non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial real estate loans, unless other indicators, such as delinquency, trigger more frequent evaluation. Loans below the $1,000,000 threshold and homogenous in nature are evaluated as needed for proper grading based on delinquency and borrower credit scores.
The Company utilizes a risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale ranging from Pass to Loss. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:
•Pass– This grade represents loans ranging from acceptable to very little or no credit risk. These loans typically meet most if not all policy standards in regard to: loan amount as a percentage of collateral value, debt service coverage, profitability, leverage, and working capital.
•Special Mention– This grade represents “Other Assets Especially Mentioned” in accordance with regulatory guidelines and includes loans that display some potential weaknesses which, if left unaddressed, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or may inadequately protect the Company’s position in the future. These loans warrant more than normal supervision and attention.
•Substandard– This grade represents “Substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Loans within this rating typically exhibit weaknesses that are well defined to the point that repayment is jeopardized. Loss potential is, however, not necessarily evident. The underlying collateral supporting the credit appears to have sufficient value to protect the Company from loss of principal and accrued interest, or the loan has been written down to the point where this is true. There is a definite need for a well-defined workout/rehabilitation program.
•Doubtful– This grade represents “Doubtful” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. An asset classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and financing plans.
•Loss– This grade represents “Loss” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though some recovery may be affected in the future. The portion of the loan that is graded loss should be charged off no later than the end of the quarter in which the loss is identified.
Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows for the period indicated:

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 58,047 |  |  | $ | 130,667 |  |  | $ | 205,818 |  |  | $ | 147,766 |  |  | $ | 252,414 |  |  | $ | 620,082 |  |  | $ | 65,028 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,479,822 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,226 |  |  | 11,683 |  |  | 12,245 |  |  | 19,053 |  |  | 12,001 |  |  | — |  | 61,208 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,432 |  |  | 577 |  |  | 11,888 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | 13,897 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings | $ | 58,047 |  |  | $ | 130,667 |  |  | $ | 212,044 |  |  | $ | 160,881 |  |  | $ | 265,236 |  |  | $ | 651,023 |  |  | $ | 77,029 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,554,927 |

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| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE owner occupied risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 36,465 |  |  | $ | 104,653 |  |  | $ | 73,669 |  |  | $ | 52,367 |  |  | $ | 57,770 |  |  | $ | 270,655 |  |  | $ | 22,402 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 617,981 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 288 |  |  | 7,171 |  |  | 8,916 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,375 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | 1,282 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 3,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,860 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total CRE owner occupied risk ratings | $ | 36,465 |  |  | $ | 104,653 |  |  | $ | 75,174 |  |  | $ | 53,937 |  |  | $ | 65,411 |  |  | $ | 283,174 |  |  | $ | 22,402 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 641,216 |

Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 121,003 |  |  | $ | 82,738 |  |  | $ | 118,173 |  |  | $ | 118,297 |  |  | $ | 68,886 |  |  | $ | 187,843 |  |  | $ | 20,771 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 717,711 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 9,383 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,679 |  |  | 8,759 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,821 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,352 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,352 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total multifamily loans | $ | 121,003 |  |  | $ | 92,121 |  |  | $ | 122,525 |  |  | $ | 118,297 |  |  | $ | 68,886 |  |  | $ | 212,522 |  |  | $ | 29,530 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 764,884 |

Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmland risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 4,669 |  |  | $ | 18,083 |  |  | $ | 22,496 |  |  | $ | 18,659 |  |  | $ | 8,467 |  |  | $ | 23,026 |  |  | $ | 38,076 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133,476 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,196 |  |  | 3,316 |  |  | 1,653 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,165 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 596 |  |  | 1,144 |  |  | 2,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,956 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total farmland loans | $ | 4,669 |  |  | $ | 18,083 |  |  | $ | 25,762 |  |  | $ | 18,659 |  |  | $ | 10,259 |  |  | $ | 27,486 |  |  | $ | 42,679 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147,597 |

Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 125,704 |  |  | $ | 186,594 |  |  | $ | 72,632 |  |  | $ | 33,274 |  |  | $ | 47,410 |  |  | $ | 152,614 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,039 |  |  | $ | 623,267 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | 289 |  | 682 |  | 421 |  | 2,803 |  | — |  | 1,073 |  | 5,268
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,151 |  | 680 |  | 6,096 |  | — |  | 362 |  | 8,289
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total SFR 1st DT liens | $ | 125,704 |  |  | $ | 186,594 |  |  | $ | 72,921 |  |  | $ | 35,107 |  |  | $ | 48,511 |  |  | $ | 161,513 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,474 |  |  | $ | 636,824 |

Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 700 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 343 |  |  | $ | 958 |  |  | $ | 303,290 |  |  | $ | 12,920 |  |  | $ | 318,308 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | 16 |  | — |  | 139 |  | 4,254 |  | 785 |  | 5,194
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 33 |  | 6,146 |  | 1,652 |  | 7,831
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | —
Total SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens | $ | 700 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 343 |  |  | $ | 1,130 |  |  | $ | 313,690 |  |  | $ | 15,357 |  |  | $ | 331,333 |

Table of Contents

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 5,880 |  |  | $ | 21,727 |  |  | $ | 26,153 |  |  | $ | 12,095 |  |  | $ | 3,472 |  |  | $ | 1,632 |  |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 71,848 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 697 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 511 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total other consumer loans | $ | 5,880 |  |  | $ | 21,839 |  |  | $ | 26,434 |  |  | $ | 12,478 |  |  | $ | 3,593 |  |  | $ | 1,857 |  |  | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73,056 |

Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 177,482 |  |  | $ | 216,547 |  |  | $ | 44,666 |  |  | $ | 17,226 |  |  | $ | 11,974 |  |  | $ | 12,802 |  |  | $ | 61,969 |  |  | $ | 964 |  |  | $ | 543,630 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | 96 |  | 602 |  | 169 |  | 176 |  | 2,558 |  | 10 |  | 3,611 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | 282 |  | 104 |  | 1,375 |  | 812 |  | 1,188 |  | 75 |  | 3,836 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total commercial and industrial loans | $ | 177,482 |  |  | $ | 216,547 |  |  | $ | 45,044 |  |  | $ | 17,932 |  |  | $ | 13,518 |  |  | $ | 13,790 |  |  | $ | 65,715 |  |  | $ | 1,049 |  |  | $ | 551,077 |

Construction loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 76,063 |  |  | $ | 44,589 |  |  | $ | 37,820 |  |  | $ | 31,303 |  |  | $ | 23,442 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 214,928 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |  |  | 1,756 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,102 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,583 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,583 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |
Total construction loans | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 76,063 |  |  | $ | 44,589 |  |  | $ | 37,820 |  |  | $ | 31,649 |  |  | $ | 29,781 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 221,613 |

Agriculture production loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture production risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 897 |  |  | $ | 1,959 |  |  | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | 1,582 |  |  | $ | 1,108 |  |  | $ | 32,416 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,512 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 236 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total agriculture production loans | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 897 |  |  | $ | 1,959 |  |  | $ | 1,477 |  |  | $ | 1,582 |  |  | $ | 1,160 |  |  | $ | 32,416 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,753 |

Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 4,697 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $4,697
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Total leases | $ | 4,697 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,697 |

Table of Contents

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Total loans outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 536,620 |  |  | $ | 838,054 |  |  | $ | 610,155 |  |  | $ | 438,804 |  |  | $ | 483,621 |  |  | $ | 1,294,162 |  |  | $ | 544,841 |  |  | $ | 18,923 |  |  | $ | 4,765,180 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 9,438 |  |  | 6,813 |  |  | 13,709 |  |  | 21,584 |  |  | 60,963 |  |  | 29,302 |  |  | 1,868 |  |  | 143,677
Substandard | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 9,484 |  |  | 4,103 |  |  | 3,783 |  |  | 28,311 |  |  | 10,293 |  |  | 2,089 |  |  | 58,120
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans outstanding | $ | 536,620 |  |  | $ | 847,549 |  |  | $ | 626,452 |  |  | $ | 456,616 |  |  | $ | 508,988 |  |  | $ | 1,383,436 |  |  | $ | 584,436 |  |  | $ | 22,880 |  |  | $ | 4,966,977 |

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 120,520 |  |  | $ | 207,899 |  |  | $ | 155,730 |  |  | $ | 256,677 |  |  | $ | 179,523 |  |  | $ | 460,644 |  |  | $ | 76,730 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,457,723 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 7,455 |  |  | 11,692 |  |  | 5,407 |  |  | 15,773 |  |  | 18,832 |  |  | 12,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,364 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,449 |  |  | 584 |  |  | 2,147 |  |  | 2,288 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,468
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings | $ | 120,520 |  |  | $ | 215,354 |  |  | $ | 168,871 |  |  | $ | 262,668 |  |  | $ | 197,443 |  |  | $ | 481,764 |  |  | $ | 88,935 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,535,555 |

Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE owner occupied risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 105,896 |  |  | $ | 75,144 |  |  | $ | 53,816 |  |  | $ | 58,371 |  |  | $ | 54,541 |  |  | $ | 227,828 |  |  | $ | 25,508 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 601,104 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | 288 |  |  | 7,451 |  |  | 2,955 |  |  | 6,140 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,834 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 1,533 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | 475 |  |  | 1,306 |  |  | 1,822 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,437 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total CRE owner occupied risk ratings | $ | 105,896 |  |  | $ | 76,677 |  |  | $ | 55,405 |  |  | $ | 66,297 |  |  | $ | 58,802 |  |  | $ | 235,790 |  |  | $ | 25,508 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 624,375 |

Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 77,646 |  |  | $ | 118,725 |  |  | $ | 113,882 |  |  | $ | 70,112 |  |  | $ | 67,457 |  |  | $ | 123,518 |  |  | $ | 19,007 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 590,347 |
Special Mention | 9,441 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 603 |  |  | 24,687 |  |  | 772 |  |  | 9,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,762 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 4,371 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,371 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total multifamily loans | $ | 87,087 |  |  | $ | 123,096 |  |  | $ | 113,882 |  |  | $ | 70,715 |  |  | $ | 92,144 |  |  | $ | 124,290 |  |  | $ | 28,266 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 639,480 |

Table of Contents

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Farmland risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 17,640 |  |  | $ | 25,003 |  |  | $ | 19,148 |  |  | $ | 12,834 |  |  | $ | 7,377 |  |  | $ | 17,129 |  |  | $ | 39,411 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 138,542 |
Special Mention | — |  | 2,567 |  | — |  | 1,271 |  | 227 |  | 3,107 |  | 2,258 |  | — |  | 9,430 |
Substandard | — |  | 700 |  | — |  | 602 |  | — |  | 1,214 |  | 2,004 |  | — |  | 4,520 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total farmland loans | $ | 17,640 |  |  | $ | 28,270 |  |  | $ | 19,148 |  |  | $ | 14,707 |  |  | $ | 7,604 |  |  | $ | 21,450 |  |  | $ | 43,673 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 152,492 |

Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 183,719 |  |  | $ | 80,717 |  |  | $ | 36,342 |  |  | $ | 53,001 |  |  | $ | 46,467 |  |  | $ | 126,465 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 5,507 |  |  | $ | 532,294 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 290 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | — |  |  | 934 |  |  | 4,969 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,174 |  |  | 929 |  |  | 935 |  |  | 5,763 |  |  | — |  |  | 528 |  |  | 9,329 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total SFR 1st DT liens | $ | 183,719 |  |  | $ | 81,007 |  |  | $ | 38,200 |  |  | $ | 54,040 |  |  | $ | 47,417 |  |  | $ | 135,164 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 6,969 |  |  | $ | 546,592 |

Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 297,160 |  |  | $ | 14,051 |  |  | $ | 313,587 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | 4,504 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 5,392 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 6,698 |  |  | 1,768 |  |  | 8,505 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 1,032 |  |  | $ | 308,362 |  |  | $ | 16,608 |  |  | $ | 327,484 |

Consumer loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 25,876 |  |  | $ | 29,539 |  |  | $ | 14,170 |  |  | $ | 4,238 |  |  | $ | 1,020 |  |  | $ | 967 |  |  | $ | 986 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 76,796 |
Special Mention | 43 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 651 |
Substandard | 58 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 585 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total other consumer loans | $ | 25,977 |  |  | $ | 29,829 |  |  | $ | 14,527 |  |  | $ | 4,386 |  |  | $ | 1,056 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | 1,085 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78,032 |

Commercial and industrial loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 356,701 |  |  | $ | 48,838 |  |  | $ | 20,463 |  |  | $ | 13,151 |  |  | $ | 5,185 |  |  | $ | 9,490 |  |  | $ | 65,938 |  |  | $ | 1,085 |  |  | $ | 520,851 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | 698 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,411 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 301 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 1,142 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 1,519 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 4,065 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial and industrial loans | $ | 356,701 |  |  | $ | 49,241 |  |  | $ | 21,214 |  |  | $ | 14,488 |  |  | $ | 6,028 |  |  | $ | 9,816 |  |  | $ | 67,664 |  |  | $ | 1,175 |  |  | $ | 526,327 |

Table of Contents

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term |  | Total
Construction loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | 69,133 |  | 41,786 |  | 92,191 |  | 51,082 |  | 20,868 |  | 2,876 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 277,936 |
Special Mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | 346 |  | — |  | 1,780 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,126 |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,529 |  | 251 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,780 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total construction loans | $ | 69,133 |  |  | $ | 41,786 |  |  | $ | 92,191 |  |  | $ | 51,428 |  |  | $ | 25,397 |  |  | $ | 4,907 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 284,842 |

Agriculture production loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture production risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 977 |  |  | $ | 2,079 |  |  | $ | 1,590 |  |  | $ | 1,838 |  |  | $ | 663 |  |  | $ | 708 |  |  | $ | 36,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43,906 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | 203 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 252 |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total agriculture production loans | $ | 977 |  |  | $ | 2,079 |  |  | $ | 1,793 |  |  | $ | 1,838 |  |  | $ | 718 |  |  | $ | 708 |  |  | $ | 36,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,164 |

Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 3,784 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,784 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total leases | $ | 3,784 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,784 |

Total loans outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk ratings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 962,685 |  |  | $ | 629,730 |  |  | $ | 507,345 |  |  | $ | 521,664 |  |  | $ | 383,401 |  |  | $ | 970,535 |  |  | $ | 560,867 |  |  | $ | 20,643 |  |  | $ | 4,556,870 |
Special Mention | 9,484 |  |  | 10,622 |  |  | 13,728 |  |  | 15,457 |  |  | 43,750 |  |  | 33,893 |  |  | 28,523 |  |  | 1,734 |  |  | 157,191 |
Substandard | 58 |  |  | 6,987 |  |  | 4,187 |  |  | 3,806 |  |  | 9,758 |  |  | 11,665 |  |  | 10,230 |  |  | 2,375 |  |  | 49,066 |
Doubtful/Loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans outstanding | $ | 972,227 |  |  | $ | 647,339 |  |  | $ | 525,260 |  |  | $ | 540,927 |  |  | $ | 436,909 |  |  | $ | 1,016,093 |  |  | $ | 599,620 |  |  | $ | 24,752 |  |  | $ | 4,763,127 |

Table of Contents
The following table shows the ending balance of current and past due originated loans by loan category as of the date indicated:

| Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of March 31, 2021
(in thousands) | 30-59 days |  | 60-89 days |  | > 90 days |  | Total Past Due Loans |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | 4,110 |  |  | $ | 4,519 |  |  | $ | 1,550,408 |  |  | $ | 1,554,927 |
CRE owner occupied | 158 |  |  | — |  |  | 589 |  |  | 747 |  |  | 640,469 |  |  | 641,216 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 764,884 |  |  | 764,884 |
Farmland | — |  |  | — |  |  | 847 |  |  | 847 |  |  | 146,750 |  |  | 147,597 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 213 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 5,546 |  |  | 6,113 |  |  | 3,102,511 |  |  | 3,108,624 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | 881 |  |  | 881 |  |  | 635,943 |  |  | 636,824 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 59 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 1,472 |  |  | 2,021 |  |  | 329,312 |  |  | 331,333 |
Other | 66 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 72,946 |  |  | 73,056 |
Total consumer loans | 125 |  |  | 503 |  |  | 2,384 |  |  | 3,012 |  |  | 1,038,201 |  |  | 1,041,213 |
Commercial and industrial | 152 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 771 |  |  | 1,091 |  |  | 549,986 |  |  | 551,077 |
Construction | 295 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 295 |  |  | 221,318 |  |  | 221,613 |
Agriculture production | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 39,714 |  |  | 39,753 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,697 |  |  | 4,697 |
Total | $ | 824 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |  |  | $ | 8,701 |  |  | $ | 10,550 |  |  | $ | 4,956,427 |  |  | $ | 4,966,977 |

| Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | 30-59 days |  | 60-89 days |  | > 90 days |  | Total Past Due Loans |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | 1,535,016 |  |  | $ | 1,535,555 |
CRE owner occupied | 297 |  |  |  |  | 824 |  |  | 1,121 |  |  | 623,254 |  |  | 624,375 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 639,480 |  |  | 639,480 |
Farmland | 899 |  | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | 969 |  | 151,523 |  | 152,492
Total commercial real estate loans | 1,323 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 1,133 |  |  | 2,629 |  |  | 2,949,273 |  |  | 2,951,902 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 960 |  |  | 997 |  |  | 545,595 |  |  | 546,592 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 418 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 1,671 |  |  | 2,301 |  |  | 325,183 |  |  | 327,484 |
Other | 41 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 77,878 |  |  | 78,032 |
Total consumer loans | 496 |  | 225 |  | 2,731 |  | 3,452 |  | 948,656 |  | 952,108
Commercial and industrial | 155 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 686 |  |  | 525,641 |  |  | 526,327 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 284,842 |  |  | 284,842 |
Agriculture production | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,164 |  |  | 44,164 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,784 |  |  | 3,784 |
Total | $ | 1,974 |  |  | $ | 824 |  |  | $ | 3,969 |  |  | $ | 6,767 |  |  | $ | 4,756,360 |  |  | $ | 4,763,127 |

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The following table shows the ending balance of non accrual loans by loan category as of the date indicated:

| Non Accrual Loans
| As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Non accrual with no allowance for credit losses |  | Total non accrual |  | Past due 90 days or more and still accruing |  | Non accrual with no allowance for credit losses |  | Total non accrual |  | Past due 90 days or more and still accruing
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 7,000 |  |  | $ | 7,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,110 |  |  | $ | 3,110 |  |  | $ | — |
CRE owner occupied | 2,833 |  |  | 3,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,111 |  |  | 4,061 |  |  | — |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland | 1,431 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,468 |  |  | 1,538 |  |  | — |
Total commercial real estate loans | 11,264 |  |  | 12,193 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,689 |  |  | 8,709 |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | 4,853 |  |  | 4,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,950 |  |  | 5,093 |  |  | — |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 4,187 |  |  | 5,142 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | 6,148 |  |  | — |
Other | 52 |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | 167 |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | 9,092 |  |  | 10,241 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,498 |  |  | 11,408 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 108 |  |  | 1,774 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 2,183 |  |  | — |
Construction | 4,483 |  |  | 4,483 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,546 |  |  | 4,546 |  |  | — |
Agriculture production | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sub-total | 24,952 |  | 28,696 |  | 245 |  | 22,390 |  | 26,864 |  | —
Less: Guaranteed loans | (814) |  |  | (814) |  |  | — |  |  | (687) |  |  | (811) |  |  |
Total, net | $ | 24,138 |  |  | $ | 27,882 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 21,703 |  |  | $ | 26,053 |  |  | $ | — |

Interest income on non accrual loans that would have been recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, if all such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms, totaled $536,000 and $431,000, respectively. Interest income actually recognized on these originated loans during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $17,000 and $47,000, respectively.
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The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loans as of the following periods:

| As of March 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Retail |  | Office |  | Warehouse |  | Other |  | Multifamily |  | Farmland |  | SFR -1st Deed |  | SFR -2nd Deed |  | Automobile/Truck |  | A/R and Inventory |  | Equipment |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 2,630 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,943 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,000 |
CRE owner occupied | 781 |  |  | 927 |  |  | 1,640 |  |  | 414 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,762 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,431 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 3,411 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | 1,640 |  |  | 4,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,193 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,996 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,996 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,882 |  |  | 2,471 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,353 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |
Total consumer loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,878 |  |  | 2,471 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,443 |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 272 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,288 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 1,774 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,483 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,483 |
Agriculture production | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 3,411 |  |  | $ | 1,354 |  |  | $ | 1,640 |  |  | $ | 4,698 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,431 |  |  | $ | 11,361 |  |  | $ | 2,471 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 27,898 |

| As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Retail |  | Office |  | Warehouse |  | Other |  | Multifamily |  | Farmland |  | SFR -1st Deed |  | SFR -2nd Deed |  | Automobile/Truck |  | A/R and Inventory |  | Equipment |  | Total
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 2,445 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,880 |
CRE owner occupied | 796 |  |  | 1,176 |  |  | 1,668 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,640 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | — | 1,538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,538 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 3,241 |  |  | 1,611 |  |  | 1,668 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,058 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,068 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,068 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,855 |  |  | 2,839 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,694 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |
Total consumer loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,923 |  |  | 2,839 |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,901 |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 1,540 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,547 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,547 |
Agriculture production | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 18 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 3,241 |  |  | $ | 1,611 |  |  | $ | 1,668 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,538 |  |  | $ | 11,470 |  |  | $ | 2,839 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 1,186 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 24,064 |

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The CARES Act, in addition to providing financial assistance to both businesses and consumers, provides financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to troubled debt restructurings for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. The banking regulatory agencies have likewise issued guidance encouraging financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are, or may be, unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. That guidance, with concurrence of the Financial Accounting Standards Board and provisions of the CARES Act, allow modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were generally current with their payments prior to any relief, to not be treated as troubled debt restructurings. To the extent that such modifications meet the criteria previously described, such modifications are not expected to be classified as troubled debt restructurings. The following tables show certain information regarding TDRs that occurred during the periods indicated:

| TDR information for the three months ended March 31, 2021
(dollars in thousands) | Number |  | Pre-mod outstanding principal balance |  | Post-mod outstanding principal balance |  | Financial impact due to TDR taken as additional provision |  | Number that defaulted during the period |  | Recorded investment of TDRs that defaulted during the period |  | Financial impact due to the default of previous TDR taken as charge- offs or additional provisions
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | 1 |  |  | $ | 317 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
CRE owner occupied | 1 |  |  | 740 |  |  | 742 |  |  | 742 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 847 |  |  | — |
Total commercial real estate loans | 2 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  | 1,056 |  |  | 1,056 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 847 |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 3 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 310 |  |  | 310 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 247 |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agriculture production | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 5 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 1,366 |  |  | $ | 1,366 |  |  | 4 |  |  | $ | 1,094 |  |  | $ | — |

| TDR information for the three months ended March 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) | Number |  | Pre-mod outstanding principal balance |  | Post-mod outstanding principal balance |  | Financial impact due to TDR taken as additional provision |  | Number that defaulted during the period |  | Recorded investment of TDRs that defaulted during the period |  | Financial impact due to the default of previous TDR taken as charge- offs or additional provisions
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | 1 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
CRE owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland | 2 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 298 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial real estate loans | 3 |  |  | 487 |  |  | 549 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 302 |  |  | — |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 2 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 169 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | 2 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 169 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 302 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agriculture production | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 6 |  |  | $ | 680 |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | $ | — |

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The Company also modified the terms of select loans in an effort to assist borrowers that were not related to the COVID-19 pandemic. If the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty and a concession was granted, the Company considered such modifications as troubled debt restructurings. Modifications classified as TDRs can include one or a combination of the following: rate modifications, term extensions, interest only modifications, either temporary or long-term, payment modifications, and collateral substitutions/additions. The objective of the modifications was to increase loan repayments by customers and thereby reduce net charge-offs. The modified loans are included in impaired loans for purposes of determining the level of the allowance for credit losses.
For all new TDRs, an impairment analysis is conducted. If the loan is determined to be collateral dependent, any additional amount of impairment will be calculated based on the difference between estimated collectible value and the current carrying balance of the loan. This difference could result in an increased provision and is typically charged off. If the asset is determined not to be collateral dependent, the impairment is measured on the net present value difference between the expected cash flows of the restructured loan and the cash flows which would have been received under the original terms. The effect of this could result in a requirement for additional provision to the reserve. The effect of these required provisions for the period are indicated above.
Typically if a TDR defaults during the period, the loan is then considered collateral dependent and, if it was not already considered collateral dependent, an appropriate provision will be reserved or charge will be taken. The additional provisions required resulting from default of previously modified TDR’s are noted above. Loans that defaulted within the twelve month period subsequent to modification were not considered significant for financial reporting purposes.

Note 5 - Leases
The Company records a right-of-use asset (“ROUA”) on the consolidated balance sheets for those leases that convey rights to control use of identified assets for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company also records a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheets for the present value of future payment commitments. All of the Company’s leases are comprised of operating leases in which the Company is lessee of real estate property for branches, ATM locations, and general administration and operations. The Company elected not to include short-term leases (i.e. leases with initial terms of 12 month or less) within the ROUA and lease liability. Known or determinable adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments were included in the calculation of the Company’s ROUA and lease liability. Adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments that are variable and will not be determinable until a future period, such as changes in the consumer price index, are included as variable lease costs. Additionally, expected variable payments for common area maintenance, taxes and insurance were unknown and not determinable at lease commencement and therefore, were not included in the determination of the Company’s ROUA or lease liability.
The value of the ROUA and lease liability is impacted by the amount of the periodic payment required, length of the lease term, and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. Topic 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 was used. The lease liability is reduced based on the discounted present value of remaining payments as of each reporting period. The ROUA value is measured using the amount of lease liability and adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments, remaining lease incentives, unamortized direct costs (if any), and impairment (if any).
The following table presents the components of lease expense for the periods ended:

| Three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost | $ | 1,258 |  |  | $ | 1,294 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term lease cost | 61 |  |  | 63 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable lease cost | (2) |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sublease income | (13) |  |  | (34) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total lease cost | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | 1,329 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods ended:

| Three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows for operating leases | $ | 1,204 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ROUA obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | 1,308 |  |  | $ | 3,393 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The following table presents the weighted average operating lease term and discount rate as of the period ended:

| March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | 9.8 |  | 10.3 |  |
Weighted-average discount rate | 3.03 | % |  | 3.17 | % |  |

At March 31, 2021, future expected operating lease payments are as follows:

(in thousands) |
Periods ending December 31, |
2021 | $ | 3,505 |
2022 | 4,320 |
2023 | 3,649 |
2024 | 3,377 |
2025 | 2,916 |
Thereafter | 14,933 |
| 32,700 |
Discount for present value of expected cash flows | (4,920) |
Lease liability at March 31, 2021 | $ | 27,780 |

Note 6 - Deposits
A summary of the balances of deposits follows (in thousands):

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Noninterest-bearing demand | $ | 2,766,510 |  |  | $ | 2,581,517 |
Interest-bearing demand | 1,465,915 |  |  | 1,414,908 |
Savings | 2,302,927 |  |  | 2,164,942 |
Time certificates, $250,000 or more | 64,509 |  |  | 73,147 |
Other time certificates | 263,539 |  |  | 271,420 |
Total deposits | $ | 6,863,400 |  |  | $ | 6,505,934 |

Certificate of deposit balances of $10,000,000 from the State of California were included in time certificates, over $250,000, at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company participates in a deposit program offered by the State of California whereby the State may make deposits at the Company’s request subject to collateral and credit worthiness constraints. The negotiated rates on these State deposits are generally more favorable than other wholesale funding sources available to the Company. Overdrawn deposit balances of $813,000 and $985,000 were classified as consumer loans at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies
The following table presents a summary of the Bank’s commitments and contingent liabilities:
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(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Financial instruments whose amounts represent risk: |  |  |
Commitments to extend credit: |  |  |
Commercial loans | $ | 473,971 |  |  | $ | 462,422 |
Consumer loans | 539,670 |  |  | 534,223 |
Real estate mortgage loans | 231,509 |  |  | 202,306 |
Real estate construction loans | 231,697 |  |  | 227,876 |
Standby letters of credit | 14,543 |  |  | 15,056 |
Deposit account overdraft privilege | 122,965 |  |  | 110,813 |

Note 8 - Shareholders’ Equity
Dividends Paid
The Bank paid to the Company cash dividends in the aggregate amounts of $7,772,000 and $26,754,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Bank is regulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the State of California Department of Business Oversight (DBO). Absent approval from the Commissioner of the DBO, California banking laws generally limit the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the lesser of (1) retained earnings or (2) net income for the last three fiscal years, less cash distributions paid during such period.
Stock Repurchase Plan
On February 25, 2021 the Board of Directors approved the authorization to repurchase up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock (the 2021 Repurchase Plan), which approximated 6.7% of the shares outstanding as of the approval date. The actual timing of any share repurchases will be determined by the Company's management and therefore the total value of the shares to be purchased under the program is subject to change. The 2021 Repurchase Plan has no expiration date and the Company has had no share repurchases during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
In connection with approval of the 2021 Repurchase Plan, the Company’s previous repurchase program adopted on November 12, 2019 (the 2019 Repurchase Plan) was terminated. Under the 2019 Repurchase Plan, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 223 shares with a market value of approximately $8,260. The Company repurchased 858,717 shares during 2020.
Stock Repurchased Under Equity Compensation Plans
The Company's shareholder-approved equity compensation plans permit employees to tender recently vested shares in lieu of cash for the payment of exercise price, if applicable, and the tax withholding on such shares. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, employees tendered zero and 4,668 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock in connection with option exercises. Employees also tendered 70 and 133 shares in connection with the tax withholding requirements of other share based awards during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In total, shares of the Company's common stock tendered had market values of $2,500 and $153,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The tendered shares were retired. The market value of tendered shares is the last market trade price at closing on the day an option is exercised or the other share based award vests. Stock repurchased under equity incentive plans are not included in the total of stock repurchased under the 2021 or 2019 Stock Repurchase Plans.
Note 9 - Stock Options and Other Equity-Based Incentive Instruments
On April 16, 2019, the Board of Directors adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Plan) which was approved by shareholders on May 21, 2019. The 2019 Plan allows for up to 1,500,000 shares to be issued in connection with equity-based incentives. The Company’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (2009 Plan) expired on March 26, 2019. While no new awards can be granted under the 2009 Plan, existing grants continue to be governed by the terms, conditions and procedures set forth in any applicable award agreement.
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Stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2021 is summarized in the following table:

| Number of Shares |  | Option Price per Share |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 128,500 |  |  | $14.54 to $23.21 |  | $ | 17.72 |
Options granted | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Options exercised | — |  |  | $— to $— |  | — |
Options forfeited | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 | 128,500 |  |  | $14.54 to $23.21 |  | $ | 17.72 |

The following table shows the number, weighted-average exercise price, intrinsic value, and weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable, options not yet exercisable and total options outstanding as of March 31, 2021:

| Currently Exercisable |  | Currently Not Exercisable |  | Total Outstanding
Number of options | 128,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 128,500 |
Weighted average exercise price | $ | 17.72 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17.72 |
Intrinsic value (in thousands) | $ | 3,810 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,810 |
Weighted average remaining contractual term (yrs.) | 1.7 |  | n/a |  | 1.7

As of March 31, 2021 all options outstanding are fully vested and are expected to be exercised prior to expiration. The Company did not modify any option grants during 2020 or the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Activity related to restricted stock unit awards during the three months ended March 31, 2021 is summarized in the following table:

| Service Condition Vesting RSUs |  | Market Plus Service Condition Vesting RSUs
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 99,809 |  |  | 81,615 |
RSUs granted | — |  |  | — |
RSUs added through dividend and performance credits | 504 |  |  | — |
RSUs released | (201) |  |  | — |
RSUs forfeited/expired | (55) |  |  | — |
Outstanding at March 31, 2021 | 100,057 |  |  | 81,615 |

During the three months ended March 30, 2021 and 2020 there were no restricted stock unit awards granted under the 2019 Plan.
The 100,057 of service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2021 include a feature whereby each RSU outstanding is credited with a dividend amount equal to any common stock cash dividend declared and paid, and the credited amount is divided by the closing price of the Company’s stock on the dividend payable date to arrive at an additional amount of RSUs outstanding under the original grant. The dividend credits follow the same vesting requirements as the RSU awards and are not considered participating securities. The 100,057 of service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2021 are expected to vest, and be released, on a weighted-average basis, over the next 1.2 years. The Company expects to recognize $2,058,000 of pre-tax compensation costs related to these service condition vesting RSUs between March 31, 2021 and their vesting dates. The Company did not modify any service condition vesting RSUs during 2020 or during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
The 81,615 of market plus service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2021 are expected to vest, and be released, on a weighted-average basis, over the next 1.6 years. The Company expects to recognize $1,096,000 of pre-tax compensation costs related to these RSUs between March 31, 2021 and their vesting dates. As of March 31, 2021, the number of market plus service condition vesting RSUs outstanding that will actually vest, and be released, may be reduced to zero or increased to 122,423 depending on the total return of the Company’s common stock versus the total return of an index of bank stocks from the grant date to the vesting date. The Company did not modify any market plus service condition vesting RSUs during 2020 or during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
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Note 10 - Non-interest Income and Expense
The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest income for the periods indicated:

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
(dollars in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
ATM and interchange fees | $ | 5,861 |  |  | $ | 5,111 |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 3,269 |  |  | 4,046 |  |  |  |  |
Other service fees | 871 |  |  | 758 |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking service fees | 463 |  |  | 469 |  |  |  |  |
Change in value of mortgage servicing rights | 12 |  |  | (1,258) |  |  |  |  |
Total service charges and fees | 10,476 |  |  | 9,126 |  |  |  |  |
Increase in cash value of life insurance | 673 |  |  | 720 |  |  |  |  |
Asset management and commission income | 834 |  |  | 916 |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of loans | 3,247 |  |  | 891 |  |  |  |  |
Lease brokerage income | 110 |  |  | 193 |  |  |  |  |
Sale of customer checks | 119 |  |  | 124 |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of investment securities | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities | (53) |  |  | 47 |  |  |  |  |
Other | 704 |  |  | (197) |  |  |  |  |
Total other non-interest income | 5,634 |  |  | 2,694 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest income | $ | 16,110 |  |  | $ | 11,820 |  |  |  |  |

The components of non-interest expense were as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs | $ | 15,511 |  |  | $ | 17,623 |  |  |  |  |
Incentive compensation | 3,580 |  |  | 3,101 |  |  |  |  |
Benefits and other compensation costs | 6,239 |  |  | 6,548 |  |  |  |  |
Total salaries and benefits expense | 25,330 |  |  | 27,272 |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy | 3,726 |  |  | 3,875 |  |  |  |  |
Data processing and software | 3,202 |  |  | 3,367 |  |  |  |  |
Equipment | 1,517 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible amortization | 1,431 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  |  |  |
Advertising | 380 |  |  | 665 |  |  |  |  |
ATM and POS network charges | 1,246 |  |  | 1,373 |  |  |  |  |
Professional fees | 594 |  |  | 703 |  |  |  |  |
Telecommunications | 581 |  |  | 725 |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory assessments and insurance | 612 |  |  | 95 |  |  |  |  |
Postage | 198 |  |  | 290 |  |  |  |  |
Operational losses | 209 |  |  | 221 |  |  |  |  |
Courier service | 294 |  |  | 331 |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sale of foreclosed assets | (51) |  |  | (41) |  |  |  |  |
Other miscellaneous expense | 2,349 |  |  | 2,930 |  |  |  |  |
Total other non-interest expense | 16,288 |  |  | 17,477 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest expense | $ | 41,618 |  |  | $ | 44,749 |  |  |  |  |

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Note 11 - Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share represent income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustments to income that would result from assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs), and are determined using the treasury stock method. Earnings per share have been computed based on the following:

| Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Net income | $ | 33,649 |  |  | $ | 16,121 |
Average number of common shares outstanding | 29,727 |  |  | 30,395 |
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock | 178 |  |  | 128 |
Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share | 29,905 |  |  | 30,523 |
Options excluded from diluted earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect | — |  |  | — |

Note 12 – Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet identified as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), such items, along with net income, are components of other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI).
The components of other comprehensive income and related tax effects are as follows:

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities before reclassifications | $ | (12,337) |  |  | $ | (29,561) |  |  |  |  |
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Realized gain on debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities after reclassifications | (12,337) |  |  | (29,561) |  |  |  |  |
Tax effect | 3,647 |  |  | 8,739 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding losses on available for sale securities, net of tax | (8,690) |  |  | (20,822) |  |  |  |  |
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans before reclassifications | (49) |  |  | 448 |  |  |  |  |
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service cost | (14) |  |  | (14) |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial losses | 63 |  |  | 478 |  |  |  |  |
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income | 49 |  |  | 464 |  |  |  |  |
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans after reclassifications | — |  |  | 912 |  |  |  |  |
Tax effect | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax | — |  |  | 912 |  |  |  |  |
Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability before reclassifications | (629) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Tax effect | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability before reclassifications, net of tax | (629) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive loss | $ | (9,319) |  |  | $ | (19,910) |  |  |  |  |

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The components of accumulated other comprehensive income, included in shareholders’ equity, are as follows:

(in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Net unrealized gain on available for sale securities | $ | 6,846 |  |  | $ | 19,183 |
Tax effect | (2,024) |  |  | (5,671) |
Unrealized holding gain on available for sale securities, net of tax | 4,822 |  |  | 13,512 |
Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans | (1,294) |  |  | (1,294) |
Tax effect | 382 |  |  | 382 |
Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax | (912) |  |  | (912) |
Joint beneficiary agreement liability | (949) |  |  | (320) |
Tax effect | — |  |  | — |
Joint beneficiary agreement liability, net of tax | (949) |  |  | (320) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | 2,961 |  |  | $ | 12,280 |

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurement
The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, income approach, and/or the cost approach. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability including assumptions about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset and the risk of nonperformance. Marketable equity securities, debt securities available-for-sale, loans held for sale, and mortgage servicing rights are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application impairment write-downs of individual assets.
The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observable nature of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.
Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
Marketable equity securities and debt securities available for sale - Marketable equity securities and debt securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. The Company had no securities classified as Level 3 during any of the periods covered in these financial statements.
Loans held for sale - Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for loans with similar characteristics. As such, we classify those loans subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as Level 2.
Individually evaluated loans - Loans are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, certain loans have individual risk characteristics not consistent with a pool of loans and is individually evaluated for credit reserves. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement are typically individually evaluated. The fair value of these loans are estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, fair value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those loans not requiring an allowance represent
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loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. Loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 3.
Foreclosed assets - Foreclosed assets include assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure. Foreclosed assets are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. When the fair value of foreclosed assets is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 3. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other non-interest expense.
Mortgage servicing rights - Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value. A valuation model, which utilizes a discounted cash flow analysis using a discount rate and prepayment speed assumptions is used in the computation of the fair value measurement. While the prepayment speed assumption is currently quoted for comparable instruments, the discount rate assumption currently requires a significant degree of management judgment and is therefore considered an unobservable input. As such, the Company classifies mortgage servicing rights subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as Level 3.
The table below presents the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

Fair value at March 31, 2021 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Marketable equity securities | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | 1,032,934 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,032,934 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 140,384 |  |  | — |  |  | 140,384 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 2,534 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,534 |  |  | — |
Asset backed securities | 506,253 |  |  | — |  |  | 506,253 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 3,995 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,995 |  |  | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 5,607 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,607 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 1,694,678 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | 1,686,100 |  |  | $ | 5,607 |

Fair value at December 31, 2020 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Marketable equity securities | $ | 3,025 |  |  | $ | 3,025 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | 812,374 |  |  | — |  |  | 812,374 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 129,095 |  |  | — |  |  | 129,095 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 2,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,544 |  |  | — |
Asset backed securities | 470,251 |  |  | — |  |  | 470,251 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 6,268 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,268 |  |  | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 5,092 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,092 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 1,428,649 |  |  | $ | 3,025 |  |  | $ | 1,420,532 |  |  | $ | 5,092 |

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally corresponds with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. There were no transfers between any levels during the three months ended March 31, 2021, or the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following table provides a reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the time periods indicated. Had there been any transfer into or out of Level 3 during the time periods indicated, the amount included in the “Transfers into (out of) Level 3” column would represent the beginning balance of an item in the period (interim quarter) during which it was transferred (in thousands):
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Three months ended March 31, | Beginning Balance |  | Transfers into (out of) Level 3 |  | Change Included in Earnings |  | Issuances |  | Ending Balance
2021: Mortgage servicing rights | $ | 5,092 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 5,607 |
2020: Mortgage servicing rights | $ | 6,200 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (1,258) |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 5,168 |

The key unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights are mortgage prepayment speeds and the discount rate used to discount cash projected cash flows. Generally, any significant increases in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate utilized in the fair value measurement of the mortgage servicing rights will result in a negative fair value adjustments (and decrease in the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate will result in a positive fair value adjustment (and increase in the fair value measurement).
The following table presents quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

As of March 31, 2021: | Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range, Weighted Average
Mortgage Servicing Rights | $ | 5,607 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 11% - 24%; 14.2%
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10% - 14%; 12%
As of December 31, 2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage Servicing Rights | $ | 5,092 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 14% - 20.0%; 17.6%
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10% - 14%; 12%

The tables below present the recorded investment in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

March 31, 2021 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Gains (Losses)
Fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated loans | $ | 4,557 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 4,557 |  |  | $ | (2,710) |
Foreclosed assets | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 214 |  |  | (31) |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 4,771 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,771 |  |  | $ | (2,741) |

December 31, 2020 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Gains (Losses)
Fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated loans | $ | 1,424 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,424 |  |  | $ | (1,489) |
Foreclosed assets | 979 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 979 |  |  | 155 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 2,403 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | (1,334) |

March 31, 2020 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Gains (Losses)
Fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated loans | $ | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | (107) |

The individually evaluated loan amounts above represent collateral dependent loans that have been adjusted to fair value. When the Company identifies a collateral dependent loan with unique risk characteristics, the Company evaluates the need for an allowance using the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs. Depending on the characteristics of a loan, the fair value of collateral is generally estimated by obtaining external appraisals. If the Company determines that the value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the Company recognizes this impairment and adjust the carrying value of the loan to fair value through the allowance for credit losses. The loss represents charge-offs or impairments on collateral dependent loans for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of collateral. The carrying value of loans fully charged-off is zero.
The foreclosed assets amount above represents impaired real estate that has been adjusted to fair value. Foreclosed assets represent real estate which the Company has taken control of in partial or full satisfaction of loans. At the time of foreclosure, other real estate owned is recorded at fair value less costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Any write-downs based on the asset’s fair value at the
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date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for credit losses. After foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations such that the real estate is carried at the lower of its new cost basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Fair value adjustments on other real estate owned are recognized within net loss on real estate owned. The loss represents impairments on real estate owned for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of the real estate.
The Company’s property appraisals are primarily based on the sales comparison approach and income approach methodologies, which consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income generating characteristics, and then make adjustments to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. These adjustments may increase or decrease an appraised value and can vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each property. Additionally, the quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period to period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of comparable sale adjustments. Given these variations, comparable sale adjustments are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period. Under certain circumstances, management discounts are applied based on specific characteristics of an individual property.
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2021:

March 31, 2021 | Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range, Weighted Average
Individually evaluated loans | $ | 4,557 |  |  | Sales comparison approach Income approach |  | Adjustment for differences between comparable sales Capitalization rate |  | Not meaningful N/A
Foreclosed assets (Residential real estate) | $ | 214 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adjustment for differences between comparable sales |  | Not meaningful N/A

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2020:

December 31, 2020 | Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range, Weighted Average
Individually evaluated loans | $ | 1,424 |  |  | Sales comparison approach Income approach |  | Adjustment for differences between comparable sales Capitalization rate |  | Not meaningful N/A
Foreclosed assets (Residential real estate) | $ | 979 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adjustment for differences between comparable sales |  | Not meaningful N/A

Fair values for financial instruments are management’s estimates of the values at which the instruments could be exchanged in a transaction between willing parties. The Company uses the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments. These estimates are subjective and may vary significantly from amounts that would be realized in actual transactions. In addition, other significant assets are not considered financial assets including, any mortgage banking operations, deferred tax assets, and premises and equipment. Further, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on the fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.
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| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 1 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 94,157 |  |  | $ | 94,157 |  |  | $ | 77,253 |  |  | $ | 77,253 |
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks | 515,365 |  |  | 515,365 |  |  | 592,298 |  |  | 592,298 |
Level 2 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held to maturity | 260,454 |  |  | 271,439 |  |  | 284,563 |  |  | 298,726 |
Restricted equity securities | 17,250 |  |  | N/A |  | 17,250 |  |  | N/A
Level 3 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net | 4,881,036 |  |  | 4,885,946 |  |  | 4,671,280 |  |  | 4,753,027 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 2 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 6,863,400 |  |  | 6,870,196 |  |  | 6,505,934 |  |  | 6,507,235 |
Other borrowings | 36,266 |  |  | 36,266 |  |  | 26,914 |  |  | 26,914 |
Level 3 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Junior subordinated debt | 57,742 |  |  | 57,685 |  |  | 57,635 |  |  | 56,632 |

(in thousands) | Contract Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Contract Amount |  | Fair Value
Off-balance sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 3 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments | $ | 1,476,847 |  |  | $ | 14,768 |  |  | $ | 1,426,827 |  |  | $ | 14,268 |
Standby letters of credit | 14,543 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 15,056 |  |  | 151 |
Overdraft privilege commitments | 122,965 |  |  | 1,229 |  |  | 110,813 |  |  | 1,108 |

Note 14 - Regulatory Matters
The Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, Tier 1, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The following tables present actual and required capital ratios as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 for the Company and the Bank under applicable Basel III Capital Rules. The minimum capital amounts presented include the minimum required capital levels as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 based on the then phased-in provisions of the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules.
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| Actual |  | Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes |  | Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
As of March 31, 2021: | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
| (dollars in thousands)
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 825,099 |  |  | 15.13 | % |  | $ | 572,425 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 812,092 |  |  | 14.90 | % |  | $ | 572,229 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 544,980 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 756,668 |  |  | 13.88 | % |  | $ | 463,392 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 743,705 |  |  | 13.65 | % |  | $ | 463,233 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 435,984 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 700,660 |  |  | 12.85 | % |  | $ | 381,617 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 743,705 |  |  | 13.65 | % |  | $ | 381,486 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 354,237 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 756,668 |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | $ | 302,730 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 743,705 |  |  | 9.84 | % |  | $ | 302,385 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 377,981 |  |  | 5.00 | %

| Actual |  |  |  | Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes |  | Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
As of December 31, 2020: | Amount |  | Ratio |  |  |  |  |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
| (dollars in thousands)
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 793,433 |  |  | 15.22 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 547,352 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 780,320 |  |  | 14.97 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 547,156 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 521,101 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 727,879 |  |  | 13.96 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 443,094 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 714,811 |  |  | 13.72 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 442,936 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 416,881 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 671,975 |  |  | 12.89 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 364,901 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 714,811 |  |  | 13.72 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 364,771 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 338,716 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated | $ | 727,879 |  |  | 9.93 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 293,138 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Tri Counties Bank | $ | 714,811 |  |  | 9.76 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 292,949 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 366,186 |  |  | 5.00 | %

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, capital levels at the Company and the Bank exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules. Also, at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Bank’s capital levels exceeded the minimum amounts necessary to be considered well capitalized under the current regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
The Basel III Capital Rules require for all banking organizations to maintain a capital conservation buffer above the minimum risk-based capital requirements in order to avoid certain limitations on capital distributions, stock repurchases and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The capital conservation buffer is exclusively composed of common equity tier 1 capital, and it applies to each of the risk-based capital ratios but not the leverage ratio. At March 31, 2021, the Company and the Bank are in compliance with the capital conservation buffer requirement.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information
The statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company. Such statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be the same as those anticipated by management. We caution readers that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct operations; the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; inflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations; the impact of changes in financial services policies, laws and regulations; technological changes; weather, natural disasters and other catastrophic events that may or may not be caused by climate change and their effects on economic and business environments in which the Company operates; the continuing adverse impact on the U.S. economy, including the markets in which we operate, due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, and the impact of a slowing U.S. economy and increased unemployment on the performance of our loan portfolio, the market value of our investment securities, the availability of sources of funding and the demand for our products; the costs or effects of mergers, acquisitions or dispositions we may make; the future operating or financial performance of the Company, including our outlook for future growth, changes in the level of our nonperforming assets and charge-offs; the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses including the timing and effects of the implementation of the current expected credit losses model; any deterioration in values of California real estate, both residential and commercial; the effect of changes in accounting standards and practices; possible other-than-temporary impairment of securities held by us; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; our ability to attract deposits and other sources of liquidity; changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers; our noninterest expense and the efficiency ratio; competition and innovation with respect to financial products and services by banks, financial institutions and non-traditional providers including retail businesses and technology companies; the challenges of integrating and retaining key employees; the costs and effects of litigation and of unexpected or adverse outcomes in such litigation; a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party vendors or other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks and the cost to defend against such attacks; the effect of a fall in stock market prices on our brokerage and wealth management businesses; and our ability to manage the risks involved in the foregoing. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described above can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and available in the “Investor Relations” section of our website, https://www.tcbk.com/investor-relations and in other documents we file with the SEC. Annualized, pro forma, projections and estimates are not forecasts and may not reflect actual results.
General
As TriCo Bancshares (referred to in this report as “we”, “our” or the “Company”) has not commenced any business operations independent of Tri Counties Bank (the “Bank”), the following discussion pertains primarily to the Bank. Average balances, including such balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances for the Company. Within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, interest income, net interest income, net interest yield, and efficiency ratio are generally presented on a fully tax-equivalent (“FTE”) basis. The Company believes the use of these non-generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP) measures provides additional clarity in assessing its results, and the presentation of these measures on a FTE basis is a common practice within the banking industry. Interest income and net interest income are shown on a non-FTE basis in the Part I - Financial Information section of this Form 10-Q, and a reconciliation of the FTE and non-FTE presentations is provided below in the discussion of net interest income.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those that materially affect the financial statements and are related to the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, investments, mortgage servicing rights, fair value measurements, retirement plans and intangible assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. A detailed discussion related to the Company’s accounting policies including those related to estimates on the allowance for loan losses, other than temporary impairment of investments and impairment of intangible assets, can be found in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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Geographical Descriptions
For the purpose of describing the geographical location of the Company’s operations, the Company has defined northern California as that area of California north of, and including, Stockton to the east and San Jose to the west; central California as that area of the state south of Stockton and San Jose, to and including, Bakersfield to the east and San Luis Obispo to the west; and southern California as that area of the state south of Bakersfield and San Luis Obispo.
Financial Highlights
Performance highlights and other developments for the Company as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2021 included the following:
•For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s return on average assets was 1.75% and the return on average equity was 14.51%.
•Organic loan growth, excluding PPP was $68.19 million (6.16% annualized) for the quarter while total loan growth, excluding PPP was $169.78 million (15.3% annualized) for the quarter.
•For the current quarter, net interest margin was 3.74% on a tax equivalent basis as compared to 4.34% in the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and a decrease of 5 basis points from the 3.79% in the trailing quarter.
•The efficiency ratio was 50.42% for the first quarter of 2021, as compared to 55.11% in the trailing quarter and 59.66% in the same quarter of the prior year.
•As of March 31, 2021, the Company reported total loans, total assets and total deposits of $4.97 billion, $8.03 billion and $6.86 billion, respectively. As a direct result of the considerable deposit growth experienced over the last twelve months, the loan to deposit ratio was 72.37% as of March 31, 2021, as compared to 73.21% at December 31, 2020 and 81.05% at March 31, 2020.
•Non-interest bearing deposits as a percentage of total deposits were 40.31% at March 31, 2021, as compared to 39.68% at December 31, 2020 and 34.86% at March 31, 2020.
•The average rate of interest paid on deposits, including non-interest-bearing deposits, decreased to 0.06% for the first quarter of 2021 as compared with 0.07% for the trailing quarter, and decreased by 13 basis points from the average rate paid of 0.19% during the same quarter of the prior year.
•Total outstanding loan deferral modifications under the CARES Act legislation was $48.27 million as of March 31, 2021, of which $18.0 million related to second deferrals, and an additional $1.9 million related to third deferrals.
•The reversal of provision for credit losses for loans and debt securities was $6.1 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, as compared to a provision expense of $4.9 million during the trailing quarter ended December 31, 2020, and a provision expense totaling $8.1 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2020.
•The allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.73% as of March 31, 2021, compared to 1.93% as of December 31, 2020, and 1.15% as January 1, 2020, following the Company's adoption of CECL. Non-performing assets to total assets were 0.39% at March 31, 2021, as compared to 0.39% as of December 31, 2020, and 0.31% at March 31, 2020.
•Gain on sale of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2021 totaled $3.2 million, as compared to $3.5 million during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 and $0.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.
SBA Paycheck Protection Program and COVID Deferrals
In March 2020, the Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") was created to help small businesses keep workers employed during the COVID-19 crisis. The Company originated loans under this program beginning in April, 2020 through July, 2020 (Round 1). Following the SBA's announcement of a second round of PPP lending with streamlined requirements for both borrowers and lenders in December 2020, the Company resumed accepting applications in January, 2021 (Round 2). The SBA has announced the PPP program will end on May 31, 2021.
As of March 31, 2021, the total gross balance outstanding of PPP loans (Round 1) was $193,958,000 (948 loans) as compared to total round 1 PPP originations of $438,510,000. Included in the balance of outstanding PPP loans as of March 31, 2021 are approximately 115 loans totaling $75,669,000 that have been submitted to and are pending forgiveness by the SBA. In connection with the origination of the Round 1 loans, the Company earned approximately $15,735,000 in loan fees, offset by deferred loan costs of approximately $763,000, the net of which will be recognized over the earlier of loan maturity (generally 24 months), repayment or receipt of forgiveness confirmation.
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As of March 31, 2021 there was approximately $2,358,000 in net deferred fee income remaining to be recognized. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized $4,854,000 in fees on round 1 PPP loans.
As of March 31, 2021, the total gross balance outstanding of PPP loans (Round 2) was $176,316,000 (1,536 loans) as compared to round 2 originations of the same amount. Through March 31, 2021 and in connection with the origination of the Round 2 loans, the Company earned approximately $7,850,000 in loan fees, offset by deferred loan costs of approximately $400,000, the net of which will be recognized over the earlier of loan maturity (generally 60 months), repayment or receipt of forgiveness confirmation. As of March 31, 2021 there was approximately $7,072,000 in net deferred fee income remaining to be recognized. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized $378,000 in fees on round 2 PPP loans. Based on application and approval activity occurring subsequent to March 31, 2021, management anticipates that total round 2 PPP originations will approximate 1,700 loans for $190,215,000 and which are expected generate $9,055,000 in fees from the SBA.
COVID Deferrals
Following the passage of the CARES Act legislation, the "Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus" was issued by federal bank regulators, which offers temporary relief from troubled debt restructuring accounting for loan payment deferrals for certain customers whose businesses are experiencing economic hardship due to Coronavirus. The applicable period for this relief, originally expected to expire on December 31, 2020, was extended through 2021 by way of the Consolidated Appropriations Act. The Company continues to closely monitor the effects of the pandemic on our loan and deposit customers. Our management team continues to be focused on assessing the risks in our loan portfolio and working with our customers to mitigate where possible, the risk of potential losses. Beginning in April 2020, the Company implemented loan programs to allow certain consumers and businesses impacted by the pandemic to defer loan principal and interest payments.
The following is a summary of COVID related loan customer modifications with outstanding balances as of March 31, 2021:

|  |  |  |  | Modification Type |  | Deferral Term
(dollars in thousands) | Modified Loan Balances Outstanding |  | % of Total Category of Loans |  | Interest Only Deferral |  | Principal and Interest Deferral |  | 90 Days |  | 180 Days |  | Other
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 41,848 |  |  | 2.69 | % |  | 95.6 | % |  | 4.4 | % |  | 26.6 | % |  | 57.9 | % |  | 15.6 | %
CRE owner occupied | 5,148 |  | 0.80 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75.1 |  |  | 24.9 |
Multifamily | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial real estate loans | 46,996 |  | 1.5 |  |  | 96.1 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 23.7 |  |  | 59.7 |  |  | 16.6 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st lien | 457 |  | 0.1 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | — |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 97 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer loans | 554 |  | 0.1 |  |  | 82.6 |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 82.6 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 716 |  | 0.1 |  |  | 78.8 |  |  | 21.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 21.2 |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agriculture production | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Leases | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total modifications | $ | 48,266 |  |  | 1.0 | % |  | 95.7 | % |  | 4.3 | % |  | 23.3 | % |  | 59.4 | % |  | 17.3 | %

Since inception, total loan modifications associated with CARES Act legislation totaled approximately $439,346,000, of which $48,266,000 and $48,358,000 remained outstanding under their modified terms as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Of the remaining balance outstanding as of March 31, 2021, $18,039,000 is related to second deferrals which are expected to conclude their modification period by August, 2021 and $1,845,000 is related to third deferrals expected to conclude in October, 2021. Typically, borrowers who requested and were granted a deferral were provided a deferral period of approximately three or six months. Where deferral needs and the impact of the pandemic on the borrower's business were more easily defined, a more tailored deferral period was granted. Such loans are included in the "Other" category in the table above. The Company has elected to forgo the CARES Act Relief guidance for loans totaling $2,160,000 and including all borrowers requesting third deferrals and has deemed such loans along with a limited number of other loans to be impaired under traditional TDR guidance. The remaining balance of loans with modified terms are expected to conclude their modification period during fiscal 2021, however, as long as the current pandemic and recessionary economic conditions continue, it is anticipated that additional borrowers may request an initial or subsequent modification to their loan terms.
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Management believes that its analysis of each borrower receiving a loan modification supports the ability of that borrower to return to their normal payment terms at the conclusion of the modification period. However, management determined that risk rating downgrades for each credit receiving a deferral modification was prudent until such time that the borrower's actual payment performance supported an upgrade to the pre-modification risk grade.
TRICO BANCSHARES
Financial Summary
(In thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)

|  |  | Three months ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net interest income |  |  |  |  | $ | 66,440 |  |  | $ | 63,192 |
Reversal of (provision for) credit losses |  |  |  |  | 6,060 |  |  | (8,070) |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |  | 16,110 |  |  | 11,820 |
Non-interest expense |  |  |  |  | (41,618) |  |  | (44,749) |
Provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  | (13,343) |  |  | (6,072) |
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 33,649 |  |  | $ | 16,121 |
Per Share Data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |
Diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |
Dividends paid |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
Book value at period end |  |  |  |  | $ | 31.71 |  |  | $ | 28.91 |
Average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 29,727 |  |  | 30,395 |
Average diluted common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 29,905 |  |  | 30,523 |
Shares outstanding at period end |  |  |  |  | 29,727 |  |  | 29,974 |
At period end: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,966,977 |  |  | $ | 4,379,062 |
Total investment securities |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,962,780 |  |  | $ | 1,382,026 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,031,612 |  |  | $ | 6,474,309 |
Total deposits |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,863,400 |  |  | $ | 5,402,698 |
Other borrowings |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,226 |  |  | $ | 19,309 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  | $ | 942,539 |  |  | $ | 866,426 |
Financial Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
During the period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets (annualized) |  |  |  |  | 1.75 | % |  | 1.00 | %
Return on average equity (annualized) |  |  |  |  | 14.51 | % |  | 7.14 | %
Net interest margin(1) (annualized) |  |  |  |  | 3.74 | % |  | 4.34 | %
Efficiency ratio |  |  |  |  | 50.42 | % |  | 59.66 | %
Average equity to average assets |  |  |  |  | 12.05 | % |  | 13.96 | %
At end of period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity to assets |  |  |  |  | 11.73 | % |  | 13.38 | %
Total capital to risk-adjusted assets |  |  |  |  | 15.10 | % |  | 15.10 | %

(1) Fully taxable equivalent (FTE)
The Company announced net income of $33,649,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, compared to $16,121,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Diluted earnings per share were $1.13 for the first quarter of 2021, compared to $0.53 for the first quarter of 2020.
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Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis is designed to provide a better understanding of the significant changes and trends related to the Company and the Bank’s financial condition, operating results, asset and liability management, liquidity and capital resources and should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and the Notes thereto located at Item 1 of this report.
Net Interest Income
The Company’s primary source of revenue is net interest income, or the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Following is a summary of the components of FTE net income for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Interest income | $ | 67,916 |  |  | $ | 66,517 |  |  | $ | 1,399 |  |  | 2.1 | %
Interest expense | (1,476) |  |  | (3,325) |  |  | 1,849 |  |  | (55.6) | %
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment (FTE) (1) | 277 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Net interest income (FTE) | $ | 66,717 |  |  | $ | 63,463 |  |  | $ | 3,254 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Net interest margin (FTE) | 3.74 | % |  | 4.34 | % |  |  |  |
Acquired loans discount accretion, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount (included in interest income) | $ | 1,712 |  |  | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  |
Net interest margin less effect of acquired loan discount accretion(1) | 3.64 | % |  | 4.22 | % |  |  |  | (0.58) | %
PPP loans yield, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount (included in interest income) | $ | 5,863 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 5,863 |  |  |
Net interest margin less effect of PPP loan yield (1) | 3.59 | % |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3.59 | %
Acquired loans discount accretion and PPP loan yield, net: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount (included in interest income) | $ | 7,575 |  |  | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 5,827 |  |  |
Net interest margin less effect of acquired loan discount accretion and PPP loan yield (1) | 3.48 | % |  | 4.22 | % |  |  |  | (0.74) | %

(1)Information is presented on a fully tax-equivalent (FTE) basis. The Company believes the use of this non-generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP) measure provides additional clarity in assessing its results, and the presentation of these measures on a FTE basis is a common practice within the banking industry.
Loans may be acquired at a premium or discount to par value, in which case, the premium is amortized (subtracted from) or accreted (added to) interest income over the remaining life of the loan. Generally, as time goes on, the effects of loan discount accretion and loan premium amortization decrease as the purchased loans mature or pay off early. Upon the early pay off of a loan, any remaining (unaccreted) discount or (unamortized) premium is immediately taken into interest income; and as loan payoffs may vary significantly from quarter to quarter, so may the impact of discount accretion and premium amortization on interest income. As a result of the uptick in interest rates, the prepayment rate of portfolio loans, inclusive of those acquired at a premium or discount, decreased during the first quarter of 2021. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, December 31, 2020, and March 31, 2020, purchased loan discount accretion was $1,712,000, $1,960,000, and $1,748,000, respectively.
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Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential
Net interest income (FTE) during the three months ended March 31, 2021 increased by $3,254,000 to $66,717,000 as compared to $63,463,000 during the same quarter in the prior year. The increase was driven nearly entirely by changes in loan volumes inclusive of PPP activity as well as continued decreases in the rates of all interest bearing liabilities. While changes in earning asset volumes helped to increase net interest income by $14,757,000, declining rates on earning assets caused a $13,352,000 decrease in net interest income. Average loan yields, excluding PPP, decreased 21 basis points from 5.23% during the three months ended March 31, 2020, to 5.02% during the three months ended March 31, 2021. The 21 basis point decrease in yields on loans during the comparable three month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was entirely attributable to decreases in market rates as a result of decreases in the Wall Street Journal Prime Index as well as competitive pricing pressures.
The following table presents, for the three month periods indicated, information regarding the Company’s consolidated average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, the amounts of interest income from average interest-earning assets and resulting yields, and the amount of interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Average loan balances include nonperforming loans. Interest income includes proceeds from loans on nonaccrual loans only to the extent cash payments have been received and applied to interest income. Yields on securities and certain loans have been adjusted upward to reflect the effect of income thereon exempt from federal income taxation at the current statutory tax rate (dollars in thousands).

| For the three months ended
| March 31, 2021 |  | March 31, 2020
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Rates Earned /Paid |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Rates Earned /Paid
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, excluding PPP | $ | 4,407,150 |  |  | $ | 54,573 |  |  | 5.02 | % |  | $ | 4,329,357 |  |  | $ | 56,258 |  |  | 5.23 | %
PPP loans | 355,875 |  |  | 5,863 |  |  | 6.68 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Investment securities - taxable | 1,649,980 |  |  | 6,394 |  |  | 1.57 | % |  | 1,235,672 |  |  | 8,572 |  |  | 2.79 | %
Investment securities - nontaxable(1) | 125,055 |  |  | 1,200 |  |  | 3.89 | % |  | 118,992 |  |  | 1,175 |  |  | 3.97 | %
Total investments | 1,775,035 |  |  | 7,594 |  |  | 1.74 | % |  | 1,354,664 |  |  | 9,747 |  |  | 2.89 | %
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks | 701,666 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 0.09 | % |  | 199,729 |  |  | 783 |  |  | 1.58 | %
Total interest-earning assets | 7,239,726 |  |  | 68,193 |  |  | 3.82 | % |  | 5,883,750 |  |  | 66,788 |  |  | 4.57 | %
Other assets | 569,186 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 622,837 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 7,808,912 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,506,587 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | $ | 1,430,943 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | $ | 1,245,896 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | 0.05 | %
Savings deposits | 2,228,281 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 0.06 | % |  | 1,864,967 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 0.23 | %
Time deposits | 336,605 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 0.64 | % |  | 430,064 |  |  | 1,320 |  |  | 1.23 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,995,829 |  |  | 937 |  |  | 0.10 | % |  | 3,540,927 |  |  | 2,551 |  |  | 0.29 | %
Other borrowings | 32,709 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 0.05 | % |  | 22,790 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.09 | %
Junior subordinated debt | 57,688 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 3.76 | % |  | 57,272 |  |  | 769 |  |  | 5.40 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 4,086,226 |  |  | 1,476 |  |  | 0.15 | % |  | 3,620,989 |  |  | 3,325 |  |  | 0.37 | %
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 2,657,925 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,855,006 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 123,986 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 121,959 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity | 940,775 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 908,633 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 7,808,912 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,506,587 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest spread(2) |  |  |  |  | 3.67 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 4.20 | %
Net interest income and interest margin(3) |  |  | $ | 66,717 |  |  | 3.74 | % |  |  |  | $ | 63,463 |  |  | 4.34 | %

(1)Fully taxable equivalent (FTE)
(2)Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets minus the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(3)Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and interest expense, divided by the average balance of i nterest-earning assets, then annualized based on the number of days in the given period.
As compared to the trailing quarter, net interest income increased $37,000 or 0.1% to $66,717,000 compared to $66,680,000 during the three months ended December 31, 2020. Over the same period, net interest margin decreased 5 basis points to 3.74% as compared to 3.79% in the trailing quarter. The 5 basis point decrease is attributed to a 2 basis point decrease in non-PPP loan yields, and a 7 basis point decline in investment security yields, which were 1.74% during the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to 1.81% during the trailing quarter. Conversely, those yield declines were partially offset due to a 2 basis point improvement in the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and an increase in yields on the PPP loans, which earned 6.68% during the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to 5.59% during the trailing quarter.
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Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense due to Changes in Average Asset and Liability Balances and Yields Earned and Rates Paid
The following table sets forth, for the period identified, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense from changes in average asset and liability balances (volume) and changes in average interest rates for the periods indicated. Changes not solely attributable to volume or rates have been allocated in proportion to the respective volume and rate components.

(in thousands) | Three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with three months ended March 31, 2020
| Volume |  | Rate |  | Total
Increase (decrease) in interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including PPP | $ | 5,670 |  |  | $ | (1,492) |  |  | $ | 4,178 |
Investment securities(1) | 7,104 |  |  | (9,257) |  |  | (2,153) |
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks | 1,983 |  |  | (2,603) |  |  | (620) |
Total interest-earning assets | 14,757 |  |  | (13,352) |  |  | 1,405 |
Increase (decrease) in interest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits | 23 |  |  | (116) |  |  | (93) |
Savings deposits | 209 |  |  | (942) |  |  | (733) |
Time deposits | (287) |  |  | (501) |  |  | (788) |
Other borrowings | 2 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1) |
Junior subordinated debt | 6 |  |  | (240) |  |  | (234) |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | (47) |  |  | (1,802) |  |  | (1,849) |
Increase (decrease) in net interest income | $ | 14,804 |  |  | $ | (11,550) |  |  | $ | 3,254 |

((1) Fully taxable equivalent (FTE)

The following commentary regarding net interest income, interest income and interest expense may be best understood while referencing the Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential and the Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense due to Changes in Average Asset and Liability Balances and Yields Earned and Rates Paid shown above.
Net interest income (FTE) during the three months ended March 31, 2021 increased $3,254,000 or 5.1% to $66,717,000 compared to $63,463,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The overall increase in net interest income (FTE) was due to an increase in average loan volume, including PPP, and related income earned on loans, totaling $4,178,000. Declining interest rates also continue to benefit the yield expense on deposits, resulting in a decrease of $1,614,000 in related expense. As an offset, depressed interest rates on investment securities continue to incentive pre-payment on existing debt and promote new debt issuances being purchased with lower coupon yields, resulting in a decline of $2,153,000 in yield during the period.
Asset Quality and Loan Loss Provisioning
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded a reversal of credit losses of $6,060,000, as compared to a provision expense of $4,850,000 for the trailing quarter, and a provision expense of $8,070,000 during the first quarter of 2020.
The following table presents details of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated:

| Three months ended
(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020 |  | March 31, 2020
Addition to (reversal of) allowance for credit losses | $ | (6,240) |  |  | $ | 4,450 |  |  | $ | 7,649 |  |  | $ | 22,089 |  |  | $ | 8,000 |
Addition to reserve for unfunded loan commitments | 180 |  |  | 400 |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  | 70 |
Total provision for credit losses | $ | (6,060) |  |  | $ | 4,850 |  |  | $ | 7,649 |  |  | $ | 22,244 |  |  | $ | 8,070 |

The allowance for credit losses (ACL) was $85,941,000 as of quarter ended March 31, 2021, a net decrease of $5,906,000 over the immediately preceding quarter. More specifically, the reversal of allowance for credit losses of $6,240,000 consisted of $5,906,000 in changes relating to qualitative factors, loan volume and changes in credit quality associated with levels of classified, past due and non-performing loans, plus net recoveries totaling $334,000 during the quarter. The portfolio-wide qualitative indicator associated with the forecast levels of US unemployment and the qualitative factors associated with portfolio concentration risks contributed approximately $3,540,000 and $2,954,000, respectively, to the reversal in credit reserves on loans during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
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Reductions in the quantitative aspects of the allowance for credit losses contributed approximately $471,000 and were more specifically associated with the Company's historical loss rates which have continued to remain low despite the recent economic uncertainty.
The Company utilizes a forecast period of approximately eight quarters and obtains the forecast data from publicly available sources as of the balance sheet date. This forecast data continues to evolve and included significant shifts in the magnitude of changes for both the unemployment and GDP factors leading up to the balance sheet date. Management noted that the majority of economic forecasts utilized in the ACL calculation seem to have rebounded in the current quarter, coinciding with the widespread availability of vaccines, continued easing of occupancy and social distancing restrictions, and continued government stimulus efforts.
Loans past due 30 days or more increased by $3,783,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 to $10,550,000, as compared to $6,767,000 at December 31, 2020. Non-performing loans were $28,941,000 at March 31, 2021, an increase of $2,077,000 and $10,986,000, respectively, from $26,864,000 and $17,955,000 as of December 31, 2020, and March 31, 2020, respectively.
The following table illustrates the total loans by risk rating and their respective percentage of total loans for the periods presented.

| March 31, | % of Total Loans |  | December 31, | % of Total Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | March 31, | % of Total Loans |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  |
Risk Rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 4,765,180 |  | 95.9 | % |  | $ | 4,556,870 |  | 95.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,280,031 |  | 97.7 | % |  |  |
Special Mention | 143,677 |  | 2.9 | % |  | 157,191 |  | 3.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63,169 |  | 1.4 | % |  |  |
Substandard | 58,120 |  | 1.2 | % |  | 49,066 |  | 1.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35,862 |  | 0.9 | % |  |  |
Total | $ | 4,966,977 |  |  |  | $ | 4,763,127 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,379,062 |  |  |  |  |
Classified loans to total loans | 1.17 | % |  |  | 1.03 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.82 | % |  |  |  |
Loans past due 30+ days to total loans | 0.21 | % |  |  | 0.14 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.67 | % |  |  |  |

The Company's loan portfolio for non-classified loans (loans graded special mention or better) remains generally consistent for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, as compared to the trailing quarter December 31, 2020, representing 98.8% and 99.0% of total loans outstanding, respectively. Loans risk graded special mention decreased by approximately $14,564,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the trailing quarter, while loans risk graded substandard increased by approximately $8,388,000 during the same periods. The change in both loan risk rating categories is largely due to the migration from special mention to substandard of three loans to separate borrowers, which totaled approximately $10,380,000. Only one of these loans is considered by management to be impaired as of March 31, 2021 and management believes that there is no ultimate risk of loss and therefore, no specific reserves have been recorded on this loan.
There were no additions to other real estate owned during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and there was one sale for proceeds of approximately $577,000, which generated a gain of $51,000. As of March 31, 2021, other real estate owned consisted of six properties with a carrying value of $2,309,000.
Non-interest Income
The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
ATM and interchange fees | $ | 5,861 |  |  | $ | 5,111 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | 14.7 | %
Service charges on deposit accounts | 3,269 |  |  | 4,046 |  |  | (777) |  |  | (19.2) | %
Other service fees | 871 |  |  | 758 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 14.9 | %
Mortgage banking service fees | 463 |  |  | 469 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (1.3) | %
Change in value of mortgage servicing rights | 12 |  |  | (1,258) |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | (101.0) | %
Total service charges and fees | 10,476 |  |  | 9,126 |  |  | 1,350 |  |  | 14.8 | %
Increase in cash value of life insurance | 673 |  |  | 720 |  |  | (47) |  |  | (6.5) | %
Asset management and commission income | 834 |  |  | 916 |  |  | (82) |  |  | (9.0) | %
Gain on sale of loans | 3,247 |  |  | 891 |  |  | 2,356 |  |  | 264.4 | %
Lease brokerage income | 110 |  |  | 193 |  |  | (83) |  |  | (43.0) | %
Sale of customer checks | 119 |  |  | 124 |  |  | (5) |  |  | (4.0) | %
Gain on sale of investment securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | n/a
(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities | (53) |  |  | 47 |  |  | (100) |  |  | (212.8) | %
Other | 704 |  |  | (197) |  |  | 901 |  |  | (457.4) | %
Total other non-interest income | 5,634 |  |  | 2,694 |  |  | 2,940 |  |  | 109.1 | %
Total non-interest income | $ | 16,110 |  |  | $ | 11,820 |  |  | $ | 4,290 |  |  | 36.3 | %

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Non-interest income increased $4,290,000 or 36.3% to $16,110,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to a decrease of $470,000 or 2.8% from $16,580,000 during the trailing quarter ended December 31, 2020. Mortgage loan origination and sale volume was the primary driver of the year over year quarterly increase. The increased volume was a direct result of the low interest rate environment, which also contributed to limited mortgage servicing rights valuation change in the current quarter, leading to an additional $1,270,000 increase in non-interest income. Other non-interest income contributed $704,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, an increase of $901,000 due to an $817,000 change in valuation of deferred compensation account balances which, while net neutral to net income, impacted benefit costs. As an offset to these increases in non-interest income, fee income from deposit account service charges remain depressed from pre-pandemic levels as average account balances and savings remain elevated and consumers migrate to an elevated level of card and e-banking rather than check usage.
Non-interest Expense
The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest expense for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |  |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs | $ | 15,511 |  |  | $ | 17,623 |  |  | $ | (2,112) |  |  | (12.0) | %
Incentive compensation | 3,580 |  |  | 3,101 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 15.4 | %
Benefits and other compensation costs | 6,239 |  |  | 6,548 |  |  | (309) |  |  | (4.7) | %
Total salaries and benefits expense | 25,330 |  |  | 27,272 |  |  | (1,942) |  |  | (7.1) | %
Occupancy | 3,726 |  |  | 3,875 |  |  | (149) |  |  | (3.8) | %
Data processing and software | 3,202 |  |  | 3,367 |  |  | (165) |  |  | (4.9) | %
Equipment | 1,517 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Intangible amortization | 1,431 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Advertising | 380 |  |  | 665 |  |  | (285) |  |  | (42.9) | %
ATM and POS network charges | 1,246 |  |  | 1,373 |  |  | (127) |  |  | (9.2) | %
Professional fees | 594 |  |  | 703 |  |  | (109) |  |  | (15.5) | %
Telecommunications | 581 |  |  | 725 |  |  | (144) |  |  | (19.9) | %
Regulatory assessments and insurance | 612 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 517 |  |  | 544.2 | %
Postage | 198 |  |  | 290 |  |  | (92) |  |  | (31.7) | %
Operational losses | 209 |  |  | 221 |  |  | (12) |  |  | (5.4) | %
Courier service | 294 |  |  | 331 |  |  | (37) |  |  | (11.2) | %
Gain on sale of foreclosed assets | (51) |  |  | (41) |  |  | (10) |  |  | 24.4 | %
Other miscellaneous expense | 2,349 |  |  | 2,930 |  |  | (581) |  |  | (19.8) | %
Total other non-interest expense | 16,288 |  |  | 17,477 |  |  | (1,189) |  |  | (6.8) | %
Total non-interest expense | $ | 41,618 |  |  | $ | 44,749 |  |  | $ | (3,131) |  |  | (7.0) | %
Average full time equivalent staff | 1,024 |  | 1,165 |  | (141) |  |  | (12.1) | %

Non-interest expense decreased by $3,131,000 or 7.0% to $41,618,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to $44,749,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Salary and benefit expense decreased by $1,942,000 or 7.1% to $25,330,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to $27,272,000 for the same period in 2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the 140 decline in average full-time equivalent employees benefited employee salary expense by $1,591,000, and increased salary deferrals from loan origination reduced the expense an additional $445,000, respectively, as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Miscellaneous expenses also decreased during the period by $581,000 or 19.8% to $2,349,000 as compared to the same period in 2020, which is primarily attributed to precautionary reductions in travel and outside training expenses associated that began late in the first quarter of 2020.
Offsetting these decreases were larger regulatory assessment and insurance costs, which increased to a normalized quarterly rate of $612,000 during the period, an increase of $517,000 as compared to the first quarter of 2020, during which the FDIC issued a regulatory assessment credit of $437,000.
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Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate was 28.4% for the year ended March 31, 2021, as compared to 25.8% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The reduced effective tax rate in the prior year was made possible through the provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) which provided the Company with an opportunity to file amended tax returns and generate proposed refunds of approximately $805,000. Other differences between the Company's effective tax rate and applicable federal and state statutory rates are due to the proportion of non-taxable revenue and low income housing tax credits as compared to the levels of pre-tax earnings.
Financial Condition
For financial reporting purposes, the Company does not separately track the changes in assets and liabilities based on branch location or regional geography. Organic growth, inclusive of seasonal fluctuation, also contributes to the year-over-year balance sheet changes. During the most recent quarter, loan growth of $169,776,000, excluding PPP, was attributed to $101,367,000 in acquired loans, with the remainder from organic loan growth from origination. Investment securities increased to $1,962,780,000, a change of $243,678,000 or 56.7% from $1,719,102,000 at December 31, 2020. The Company purchased approximately $372,917,000 in securities during the three months ended March 31, 2021, offset partially by an accelerated rate of prepayment or maturity of these debt instruments totaling $115,663,000 correlating with the historically low interest rate environment.
The following is a comparison of the quarterly change in certain assets and liabilities:

($‘s in thousands) | As of March 31, 2021 |  | As of December 31, 2020 |  | $ Change |  | Annualized % Change
Ending balances |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 8,031,612 |  |  | $ | 7,639,529 |  |  | $ | 392,083 |  |  | 20.5 | %
Total loans | 4,966,977 |  |  | 4,763,127 |  |  | 203,850 |  |  | 17.1 | %
Total investments | 1,962,780 |  |  | 1,719,102 |  |  | 243,678 |  |  | 56.7 | %
Total deposits | 6,863,400 |  |  | 6,505,934 |  |  | 357,466 |  |  | 22.0 | %
Total noninterest-bearing deposits | 2,766,510 |  |  | 2,581,517 |  |  | 184,993 |  |  | 28.7 | %
Total other borrowings | 36,226 |  |  | 26,914 |  |  | 9,312 |  |  | 138.4 | %

The following is a comparison of the year over year change in certain assets and liabilities:

| As of March 31, |  | $ Change |  | % Change
($‘s in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
Ending balances |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 8,031,612 |  |  | $ | 6,474,309 |  |  | $ | 1,557,303 |  |  | 24.1 | %
Total loans | 4,966,977 |  |  | 4,379,062 |  |  | 587,915 |  |  | 13.4 | %
Total investments | 1,962,780 |  |  | 1,382,026 |  |  | 580,754 |  |  | 42.0 | %
Total deposits | 6,863,400 |  |  | 5,402,698 |  |  | 1,460,702 |  |  | 27.0 | %
Total noninterest-bearing deposits | 2,766,510 |  |  | 1,883,143 |  |  | 883,367 |  |  | 46.9 | %
Total other borrowings | 36,226 |  |  | 19,309 |  |  | 16,917 |  |  | 87.6 | %

As discussed in previous quarters, the PPP program generated significant increases in volume during the twelve months ended March 31, 2021 for both loan and deposit balances. Other forms of stimulus payments have further elevated deposit levels during the same period. While excess deposit proceeds are ratably being allocated to the purchase of investment securities with medium term durations to improve overall margin, we expect to maintain above average levels of liquidity through 2021, as the economic impacts of COVID-19 and amount of future stimulus both remain uncertain. Investment securities increased to $1,962,780,000 at March 31, 2021, a change of $580,754,000 or 42.0% from $1,382,026,000 at March 31, 2020.
Investment Securities
Investment securities available for sale increased $267,841,000 to $1,682,105,000 as of March 31, 2021, compared to December 31, 2020. This increase is primarily supported by deposit growth and available cash reserves. There were no sales of investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The following table presents the available for sale debt securities portfolio by major type as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
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| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) | Fair Value |  | % |  | Fair Value |  | %
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | $ | 1,032,934 |  |  | 61.4 | % |  | $ | 812,374 |  |  | 57.4 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 140,384 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 129,095 |  |  | 9.1 | %
Corporate bonds | 2,534 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | 2,544 |  |  | 0.2 | %
Asset backed securities | 506,253 |  |  | 30.1 | % |  | 470,251 |  |  | 33.3 | %
Total debt securities available for sale | $ | 1,682,105 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,414,264 |  |  | 100.0 | %

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | % |  | Amortized Cost |  | %
Debt securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government and agencies | $ | 250,178 |  |  | 96.1 | % |  | $ | 273,667 |  |  | 96.2 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 10,276 |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | 10,896 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Total debt securities held to maturity | $ | 260,454 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 284,563 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Investment securities held to maturity decreased $24,109,000 to $260,454,000 as of March 31, 2021, as compared to December 31, 2020. This decrease is attributable to calls and principal repayments of $23,850,000, and amortization of net purchase premiums of $259,000.
Loans
The Company concentrates its lending activities in six principal areas: commercial real estate loans, consumer loans, commercial and industrial loans, construction loans, agriculture production loans and leases. The interest rates charged for the loans made by the Company vary with the degree of risk, the size and maturity of the loans, the borrower’s relationship with the Company and prevailing money market rates indicative of the Company’s cost of funds.
The majority of the Company’s loans are direct loans made to individuals, farmers and local businesses. The Company relies substantially on local promotional activity and personal contacts by bank officers, directors and employees to compete with other financial institutions. The Company makes loans to borrowers whose applications include a sound purpose, a viable repayment source and a plan of repayment established at inception and generally backed by a secondary source of repayment.
The following table shows the Company’s loan balances, net deferred loan costs and discounts, as of the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate | $ | 3,108,624 |  |  | 62.59 | % |  | $ | 2,951,902 |  |  | 61.97 | %
Consumer | 1,041,213 |  |  | 20.96 | % |  | 952,108 |  |  | 19.99 | %
Commercial and industrial | 551,077 |  |  | 11.10 | % |  | 526,327 |  |  | 11.05 | %
Construction | 221,613 |  |  | 4.46 | % |  | 284,842 |  |  | 5.98 | %
Agriculture production | 39,753 |  |  | 0.80 | % |  | 44,164 |  |  | 0.93 | %
Leases | 4,697 |  |  | 0.09 | % |  | 3,784 |  |  | 0.08 | %
Total loans | $ | 4,966,977 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 4,763,127 |  |  | 100.0 | %

As of March 31, 2021, the total gross balance outstanding of PPP loans (Round 1) was $193,958,000 (948 loans) as compared to total round 1 PPP originations of $438,510,000. Included in the balance of outstanding PPP loans as of March 31, 2021 are approximately 115 loans totaling $75,669,000 that have been submitted to and are pending forgiveness by the SBA. In connection with the origination of these loans, the Company earned $15,735,000 in loan fees, offset by deferred loan costs of $763,000, the net of which will be recognized over the earlier of loan maturity (generally 24 months), repayment or receipt of forgiveness confirmation. As of March 31, 2021 there was $2,358,000 in net deferred fee income remaining to be recognized. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized $4,854,000 in fees on round 1 PPP loans.
As of March 31, 2021, the total gross balance outstanding of PPP loans (Round 2) was $176,316,000 (1,536 loans) as compared to round 2 originations of the same amount. In connection with the origination of these loans, the Company earned $7,850,000 in loan fees, offset by
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deferred loan costs of $400,000, the net of which will be recognized over the earlier of loan maturity (generally 60 months), repayment or receipt of forgiveness confirmation. As of March 31, 2021 there was $7,072,000 in net deferred fee income remaining to be recognized. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized $378,000 in fees on round 2 PPP loans. Based on application and approval activity occurring subsequent to March 31, 2021, management anticipates that total round 2 PPP originations will approximate 1,700 loans for $190,215,000 and which are expected to generate $9,055,000 in fees from the SBA.
Nonperforming Assets
The following tables set forth the amount of the Company’s nonperforming assets ("NPA") as of the dates indicated. “Performing nonaccrual loans” are loans that may be current for both principal and interest payments, or are less than 90 days past due, but for which payment in full of both principal and interest is not expected, and are not well secured and in the process of collection:

(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Performing nonaccrual loans | $ | 20,185 |  |  | $ | 22,896 |
Nonperforming nonaccrual loans | 8,511 |  |  | 3,968 |
Total nonaccrual loans | 28,696 |  |  | 26,864 |
Loans 90 days past due and still accruing | 245 |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming loans | 28,941 |  |  | 26,864 |
Foreclosed assets | 2,309 |  |  | 2,844 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 31,250 |  |  | $ | 29,708 |
Nonperforming assets to total assets | 0.39 | % |  | 0.39 | %
Nonperforming loans to total loans | 0.58 | % |  | 0.56 | %
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans | 309 | % |  | 342 | %

Changes in nonperforming assets during the three months ended March 31, 2021

(in thousands) | Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | New NPA / Valuation Adjustments |  | Pay-downs /Sales /Upgrades |  | Charge-offs/ (1) Write-downs |  | Transfers to Foreclosed Assets |  | Balance at March 31, 2021
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | $ | 3,110 |  |  | 3,943 |  |  | (53) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 7,000 |
CRE owner occupied | 4,061 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (300) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,762 |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland | 1,538 |  |  | — |  |  | (107) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,431 |
Total commercial real estate loans | 8,709 |  |  | 3,944 |  |  | (460) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,193 |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | 5,093 |  |  | 21 |  |  | (118) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,996 |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | 6,148 |  |  | 352 |  |  | (1,358) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,142 |
Other | 167 |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | (125) |  |  | — |  |  | 103 |
Total consumer loans | 11,408 |  |  | 434 |  |  | (1,476) |  |  | (125) |  |  | — |  |  | 10,241 |
Commercial and industrial | 2,183 |  |  | 463 |  |  | (594) |  |  | (33) |  |  | — |  |  | 2,019 |
Construction | 4,546 |  |  | — |  |  | (63) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,483 |
Agriculture production | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming loans | 26,864 |  |  | 4,841 |  |  | (2,606) |  |  | (158) |  |  | — |  |  | 28,941 |
Foreclosed assets | 2,844 |  |  | (9) |  |  | (526) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,309 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 29,708 |  |  | 4,832 |  |  | (3,132) |  | — |  | (158) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 31,250 |

(1) The table above does not include deposit overdraft charge-offs.
Nonperforming assets increased during the three months ended March 31, 2021 $1,542,000 (5.2%) to $31,250,000 at March 31, 2021 compared to $29,708,000 at December 31, 2020. The increase in nonperforming assets during the first quarter of 2021 was primarily the result of new nonperforming loans of $4,841,000, which were partially offset by pay-downs of $3,132,000 and write-downs of $158,000.
Non performing loans added during the first quarter of 2021 were primarily within commercial real estate, with non-owner occupied adding $3,943,000. Management believes these loans are well-secured as of March 31, 2021. Further, management is actively engaged in
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the collection and recovery efforts for all nonperforming assets and believes that the specific loan loss reserves associated with these loans is sufficient as of March 31, 2021.
Loan charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2021
In the first quarter of 2021, the Company recorded $158,000 in loan charge-offs and $68,000 in deposit overdraft charge-offs less $526,000 in loan recoveries and $34,000 in deposit overdraft recoveries, which collectively resulted in $334,000 of net recoveries. Loan charge-offs were not concentrated within any single loan or borrower relationship and were comprised entirely of individual charges of less than $100,000 each.
The Components of the Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans
The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses as of the dates indicated:

(dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | September 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020 |  | March 31, 2020
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qualitative and forecast factor allowance | $ | 56,500 |  |  | $ | 61,935 |  |  | $ | 56,393 |  |  | $ | 48,548 |  |  | $ | 29,250 |
Cohort model allowance reserves | 27,959 |  |  | 28,462 |  |  | 30,373 |  |  | 30,061 |  |  | 27,699 |
Total allowance for credit losses | 84,459 |  |  | 90,397 |  |  | 86,766 |  |  | 78,609 |  |  | 56,949 |
Allowance for individually evaluated loans | 1,482 |  |  | 1,450 |  |  | 809 |  |  | 1,130 |  |  | 962 |
Allowance for PCD loan losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 85,941 |  |  | $ | 91,847 |  |  | $ | 87,575 |  |  | $ | 79,739 |  |  | $ | 57,911 |
Allowance for credit losses for loans / Total loans | 1.73 | % |  | 1.93 | % |  | 1.81 | % |  | 1.66 | % |  | 1.32 | %

For additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses, including changes in specific, formula, and environmental factors allowance categories, see “Asset Quality and Loan Loss Provisioning” at “Results of Operations”, above. Based on the current conditions of the loan portfolio, management believes that the $85,941,000 allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2021 is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio. No assurance can be given, however, that adverse economic conditions or other circumstances will not result in increased losses in the portfolio.
The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for credit losses between loan types and by percentage of the total allowance for loan losses as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2020
Commercial real estate | $ | 50,403 |  |  | 58.7 | % |  | 53,693 |  |  | 58.5 | % |  | $ | 29,250 |  |  | 50.5 | %
Consumer | 24,604 |  |  | 28.6 | % |  | 25,148 |  |  | 27.4 | % |  | 19,592 |  |  | 33.8 | %
Commercial and industrial | 4,464 |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 4,252 |  |  | 4.6 | % |  | 3,868 |  |  | 6.7 | %
Construction | 5,476 |  |  | 6.4 | % |  | 7,540 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | 4,595 |  |  | 8.0 | %
Agriculture production | 988 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 1,209 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 595 |  |  | 1.0 | %
Leases | 6 |  |  | — | % |  | 5 |  |  | — | % |  | 11 |  |  | — | %
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 85,941 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 91,847 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 57,911 |  |  | 100.0 | %

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of the total loans for each loan category as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2020
Commercial real estate | $ | 3,108,624 |  |  | 1.62 | % |  | $ | 2,951,902 |  |  | 1.82 | % |  | $ | 2,889,183 |  |  | 1.01 | %
Consumer | 1,041,213 |  |  | 2.36 | % |  | 952,108 |  |  | 2.62 | % |  | 957,831 |  |  | 2.05 | %
Commercial and industrial | 551,077 |  |  | 0.81 | % |  | 526,327 |  |  | 0.81 | % |  | 264,986 |  |  | 1.46 | %
Construction | 221,613 |  |  | 2.47 | % |  | 284,842 |  |  | 2.65 | % |  | 241,714 |  |  | 1.90 | %
Agriculture production | 39,753 |  |  | 2.49 | % |  | 44,164 |  |  | 2.74 | % |  | 23,660 |  |  | 2.51 | %
Leases | 4,697 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | 3,784 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | 1,688 |  |  | 0.65 | %
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 4,966,977 |  |  | 1.73 | % |  | $ | 4,763,127 |  |  | 1.93 | % |  | $ | 4,379,062 |  |  | 1.32 | %

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The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, |  |
(in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 91,847 |  |  | $ | 30,616 |  |  |  |  |
Impact of adoption from ASU 2016-13 | — |  |  | 18,913 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses | (6,240) |  |  | 8,000 |  |  |  |  |
Loans charged-off: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
CRE owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Farmland | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
SFR HELOCs and junior liens | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Other | (193) |  |  | (130) |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | (33) |  |  | (380) |  |  |  |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture production | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total loans charged-off | (226) |  |  | (510) |  |  |  |  |
Recoveries of previously charged-off loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CRE non-owner occupied | 2 |  | 189 |  |  |  |
CRE owner occupied | 1 |  | 5 |  |  |  |
Multifamily | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Farmland | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines | 10 |  | 410 |  |  |  |
Home equity loans | 285 |  | 48 |  |  |  |
Other consumer | 106 |  | 94 |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 136 |  | 126 |  |  |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture production | 20 |  | 20 |  |  |  |
Leases | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total recoveries of previously charged-off loans | 560 |  |  | 892 |  |  |  |  |
Net (charge-offs) recoveries | 334 |  |  | 382 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 85,941 |  |  | $ | 57,911 |  |  |  |  |
Average total loans | $ | 4,763,025 |  |  | $ | 4,329,357 |  |  |  |  |
Ratios (annualized): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net recoveries (charge-offs) during period to average loans outstanding during period | 0.03 | % |  | 0.04 | % |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses (benefit from reversal of) to average loans outstanding during period | (0.52) | % |  | 0.74 | % |  |  |  |

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Foreclosed Assets, Net of Allowance for Losses
The following table details the components and summarize the activity in foreclosed assets, net of allowances for losses for the thee months ended March 31, 2021:

(in thousands) | Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | Sales |  | Valuation Adjustments |  | Transfers from Loans |  | Balance at March 31, 2021
Land & Construction | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 154 |
Residential real estate | 1,507 |  |  | (526) |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | 972 |
Commercial real estate | 1,183 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,183 |
Total foreclosed assets | $ | 2,844 |  |  | $ | (526) |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,309 |

Deposits
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company’s deposits increased $357,466,000 to $6,863,400,000. Included in the March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 certificate of deposit balances are $10,000,000, respectively, from the State of California. The Company participates in a deposit program offered by the State of California whereby the State may make deposits at the Company’s request subject to collateral and creditworthiness constraints. The negotiated rates on these State deposits are generally more favorable than other wholesale funding sources available to the Company.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
See Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report for information about the Company’s commitments and contingencies including off-balance-sheet arrangements.
Capital Resources
The current and projected capital position of the Company and the impact of capital plans and long-term strategies are reviewed regularly by Management.
On February 25, 2021 the Board of Directors approved the authorization to repurchase up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock (the 2021 Repurchase Plan), which approximated 6.7% of the shares outstanding as of the approval date. The actual timing of any share repurchases will be determined by the Company's management and therefore the total value of the shares to be purchased under the program is subject to change. The 2021 Repurchase Plan has no expiration date and the Company has had no share repurchases during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.
In connection with approval of the 2021 Repurchase Plan, the Company’s previous repurchase program adopted on November 12, 2019 (the 2019 Repurchase Plan) was terminated. Under the 2019 Repurchase Plan, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company repurchased 223 shares with a market value of approximately $8,260. The Company repurchased 858,717 shares during 2020.
The Company’s primary capital resource is shareholders’ equity, which totaled $942,539,000 at March 31, 2021. This amount represents an increase of $17,425,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 primarily as a result of net income for the quarter of $33,649,000 and partially offset by a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income of $9,319,000 and the payment of $7,432,000 in cash dividends on common stock . The Company’s ratio of equity to total assets was 11.7% and 12.1% as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. We believe that the Company and the Bank were in compliance with applicable minimum capital requirements set forth in the final Basel III Capital rules as of March 31, 2021. The following summarizes the Company’s ratios of capital to risk-adjusted assets as of the dates indicated:

| March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Ratio |  | Minimum Regulatory Requirement |  | Ratio |  | Minimum Regulatory Requirement
Total risk based capital | 15.1 | % |  | 10.5 | % |  | 15.2 | % |  | 10.5 | %
Tier I capital | 13.9 | % |  | 8.5 | % |  | 14.0 | % |  | 8.5 | %
Common equity Tier 1 capital | 12.9 | % |  | 7.0 | % |  | 12.9 | % |  | 7.0 | %
Leverage | 10.0 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  | 4.0 | %

See Note 8 and Note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report for additional information about the Company’s capital resources.
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As of March 31, 2021, we had an effective shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission that allows us to issue various types of debt securities, as well as common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares representing fractional interest in shares of preferred stock, purchase contracts and units from time to time in one or more offerings. Each issuance under the shelf registration statement will require the filing of a prospectus supplement identifying the amount and terms of the securities to be issued. The registration statement does not limit the amount of securities that may be issued thereunder. Our ability to issue securities is subject to market conditions and other factors including, in the case of our debt securities, our credit ratings and compliance with current and prospective covenants in credit agreements.
Liquidity
The Company’s principal source of asset liquidity is cash at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“Federal Reserve”) and other banks and marketable investment securities available for sale. As of March 31, 2021, Federal Reserve cash reserve ratios continue to be temporarily reduced to zero as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company’s profitability during the first three months of 2021 generated cash flows from operations of $41,196,000 compared to $33,617,000 during the first three months of 2020. Net cash used by investing activities was $460,561,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to net cash from investing activities of $137,406,000 during the three months ending 2020. Financing activities provided $359,336,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $12,748,000 used during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Deposit balance changes increased available liquidity by $357,466,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to a decrease of $35,704,000 for financing activity during the same period in 2020. Dividends paid used $7,432,000 and $6,664,000 of cash during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s liquidity is dependent on dividends received from the Bank. Dividends from the Bank are subject to certain regulatory restrictions.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Based on the changes in interest rates occurring subsequent to December 31, 2020, the following update of the Company’s assessment of market risk as of March 31, 2021 is being provided. These updates and changes should be read in conjunction with the additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
During the first quarter of 2020, several market interest rates, including many rates that serve as reference indices for variable rate loans or the indices used to price new loan originations, declined markedly from previous levels. The prolonged retraction in rates and the limited slope in yield curve for longer maturities continued to create downward pressure on the portfolio in the first quarter of 2021. Furthermore, management believes that excess liquidity, which when combined with the federal government's continued balance sheet growth and purchase of mortgage-backed agency securities, continues to create limited opportunities for financial institutions to acquire earning assets at yields that are considered neutral or favorable to historical levels of net interest margin.
As of March 31, 2021, the Company's loan portfolio consisted of approximately $4.97 billion in outstanding principal with a weighted average coupon rate of 4.20%, inclusive of the PPP program loans. Excluding PPP loans, the Company's loan portfolio has approximately $4.60 billion outstanding with a weighted average coupon rate of 4.46% as of March 31, 2021. Included in the March 31, 2021 loan total, exclusive of PPP loans, are variable rate loans totaling $3.01 billion of which 88.3% or $2.66 billion were at their floor rate. The remaining variable rate loans totaling $351.0 million, which carried a weighted average coupon rate of 4.91% as of March 31, 2021, are subject to further rate adjustment. If those remaining variable rate loans were to collectively, through future rate adjustments, be reduced to their respective floors, they would have a weighted average coupon rate of approximately 4.29% which would result in the reduction of the weighted average coupon rate of the total loan portfolio, exclusive of PPP loans, from 4.46% to approximately 4.41%.
Management funds the acquisition of nearly all of its earning assets through its core deposit gathering activities. As of March 31, 2021, non-interest bearing deposits represented 40.3% of total deposits. Further, during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the cost of interest bearing deposits were 0.10% and the cost of total deposits were 0.06%. Under the assumption that the Company will not introduce a negative rate environment to its customer base and that rates will not increase, management anticipates that future decreases in loan yields are more likely than not to decline more rapidly than decreases in deposit costs and thus continue to put downward pressures on net interest margin. With the intent of stabilizing or increasing net interest income, management intends to continue to deploy its excess liquidity and seek to migrate certain earning assets into higher yielding categories (from investment securities and into loans, for example).
As of March 31, 2021 the overnight Federal funds rate, the rate primarily used in these interest rate shock scenarios, was less than 1.00%. Based on the historical nature of these rates in the United States not falling below zero, management believes that a shock scenario that reduces interest rates below zero would not provide meaningful results and therefore, have not been modeled. These scenarios assume that 1) interest rates increase or decrease evenly (in a “ramp” fashion) over a twelve-month period and remain at the new levels beyond twelve months or 2) that interest rates change instantaneously (“shock”). The simulation results shown below assume no changes in the structure of the Company’s balance sheet over the twelve months being measured.
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The following table summarizes the estimated effect on net interest income and market value of equity to changing interest rates as measured against a flat rate (no interest rate change) instantaneous shock scenario over a twelve month period utilizing the Company's specific mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities as of March 31, 2021.
Interest Rate Risk Simulations:

Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points) | Estimated Change in Net Interest Income (NII) (as % of NII) |  | Estimated Change in Market Value of Equity (MVE) (as % of MVE)
+200 (shock) | 3.7 | % |  | 16.4 | %
+100 (shock) | 1.7 | % |  | 10.3 | %
+ 0 (flat) | — |  |  | — |
-100 (shock) | (3.1) | % |  | (27.3) | %
-200 (shock) | nm |  | nm

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2021. Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. Disclosure controls are also designed to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2021.
During the three months ended March 31, 2021, there were no changes in our internal controls or in other factors that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 - Legal Proceedings
Due to the nature of our business, we are involved in legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Item 1A - Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors that appeared under Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors could materially and adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position, and could cause its actual results to differ materially from its historical results or the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. Such risk factors are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table shows the repurchases made by the Company or any affiliated purchaser (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) during the periods indicated:

Period | (a) Total number of shares purchased (1) |  | (b) Average price paid per share |  | (c) Total number of shares purchased as of part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | (d) Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs at period end (2)
January 1-31, 2021 | 293 |  |  | $ | 36.55 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000,000 |
February 1-28, 2021 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000,000 |
March 1-31, 2021 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000,000 |
Total | 293 |  |  | $ | 36.55 |  |  | — |  |  |

(1)Includes shares purchased by the Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan in open market purchases and shares tendered by employees pursuant to various other equity incentive plans. See Notes 8 and 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report, for a discussion of the Company’s stock repurchased under equity compensation plans.
(2)Does not include shares that may be purchased by the Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan and pursuant to various other equity incentive plans. See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report, for a discussion of the Company’s stock repurchase plan.
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Item 6 – Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CEO
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CFO
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of CEO
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of CFO
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

*Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

| TRICO BANCSHARES
| (Registrant)
Date: May 7, 2021 | /s/ Peter G. Wiese
| Peter G. Wiese
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (Duly authorized officer and principal financial and chief accounting officer)

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