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Fair Value Measurement | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value Measurement The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, income approach, and/or the cost approach. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability including assumptions about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset and the risk of nonperformance. Securities available-for-sale and mortgage servicing rights are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for sale, loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or impairment write-downs of individual assets. The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observable nature of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are: Level 1 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Level 2 — Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 3 — Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques. Securities available for sale—Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. The Company had no securities classified as Level 3 during any of the periods covered in these financial statements. Loans held for sale—Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for loans with similar characteristics. As such, we classify those loans subjected to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 2. Individually evaluated loans—Loans are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, loans may require individual analysis and an allowance for credit losses is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are an example. The fair value of individually evaluated loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, fair value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those individually evaluated loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. Individually evaluated loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 3. Foreclosed assets—Foreclosed assets include assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure. Foreclosed assets are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. When the fair value of foreclosed assets is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the asset as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 3. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other non-interest expense. Mortgage servicing rights—Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value. A valuation model, which utilizes a discounted cash flow analysis using a discount rate and prepayment speed assumptions is used in the computation of the fair value measurement. While the prepayment speed assumption is currently quoted for comparable instruments, the discount rate assumption currently requires a significant degree of management judgment and is therefore considered an unobservable input. As such, the Company classifies mortgage servicing rights subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as Level 3. Additional information regarding mortgage servicing rights can be found in Note 10 in the consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of this report. The tables below presents the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
Fair value at December 31, 2022 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Marketable equity securities | $ | 2,598 |  |  | $ | 2,598 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | 1,372,769 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,372,769 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 293,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 293,205 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 5,751 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,751 |  |  | — |
Asset backed securities | 439,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 439,767 |  |  | — |
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 340,946 |  |  | — |  |  | 340,946 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 1,846 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,846 |  |  | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 6,712 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,712 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 2,463,594 |  |  | $ | 2,598 |  |  | $ | 2,454,284 |  |  | $ | 6,712 |
Fair value at December 31, 2021 | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Marketable equity securities | $ | 2,938 |  |  | $ | 2,938 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies | 1,257,389 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,257,389 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 192,244 |  |  | — |  |  | 192,244 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 6,756 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,756 |  |  | — |
Asset backed securities | 409,552 |  |  | — |  |  | 409,552 |  |  | — |
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligation | 341,997 |  |  | — |  |  | 341,997 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 3,466 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,466 |  |  | — |
Mortgage servicing rights | 5,874 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,874 |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 2,220,216 |  |  | $ | 2,938 |  |  | $ | 2,211,404 |  |  | $ | 5,874 |
Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally corresponds with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. There were no transfers between any levels during 2022 or 2021. The following table provides a reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Had there been any transfer into or out of Level 3 during 2022, 2021, or 2020, the amount included in the “Transfers into (out of) Level 3” column would represent the beginning balance of an item in the period (interim quarter) during which it was transferred (in thousands):
Year ended December 31, |  | Beginning Balance |  | Transfers into (out of) Level 3 |  | Change Included in Earnings |  | Issuances |  | Ending Balance
2022: Mortgage servicing rights |  | $ | 5,874 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | 6,712 |
2021: Mortgage servicing rights |  | $ | 5,092 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (872) |  |  | $ | 1,654 |  |  | $ | 5,874 |
2020: Mortgage servicing rights |  | $ | 6,200 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (2,634) |  |  | $ | 1,526 |  |  | $ | 5,092 |
The Company’s method for determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights is described in Note 1. The key unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights are mortgage prepayment speeds and the discount rate used to discount cash projected cash flows. Generally, any significant increases in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate utilized in the fair value measurement of the mortgage servicing rights will result in a negative fair value adjustments (and decrease in the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate will result in a positive fair value adjustment (and increase in the fair value measurement). Note 10 contains additional information regarding mortgage servicing rights. The following table present quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2022 and 2021:
December 31, 2022 |  | Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range, Weighted Average
Mortgage Servicing Rights |  | $6,712 |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 116%-226%, 127%
|  |  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10%-14%, 12%
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage Servicing Rights |  | $5,874 |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 187%-264%, 208%
|  |  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 10%-14%, 12%
The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, as of the dates indicated, that had a write-down or an additional allowance provided during the periods indicated. The gains (losses) represent the amounts recorded during the period regardless of whether the asset is still held at fair value at period end (in thousands):
December 31, 2022 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Gains (Losses)
Fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated loans |  | $ | 5,719 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 5,719 |  |  | $ | (2,283) |
Real estate owned |  | 311 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 311 |  |  | 481 |
Total assets measured at fair value |  | $ | 6,030 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 6,030 |  |  | $ | (1,802) |
December 31, 2021 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total Gains (Losses)
Fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated loans |  | $ | 3,683 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 3,683 |  |  | $ | (1,105) |
The individually evaluated loan amount above represents collateral dependent loans with unique risk characteristics that have been adjusted to fair value. When we identify a collateral dependent loan as requiring individual evaluation, we measure the need for credit reserves using the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs. Depending on the characteristics of a loan, the fair value of collateral is generally estimated by obtaining external appraisals. If we determine that the value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, we recognize this impairment and adjust the carrying value of the loan to fair value through the allowance for loan and lease losses. The loss represents charge-offs or impairments on collateral dependent loans for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of collateral. The carrying value of loans fully charged-off is zero. The foreclosed assets amount above represents impaired real estate that has been adjusted to fair value. Foreclosed assets represent real estate which the Bank has taken control of in partial or full satisfaction of loans. At the time of foreclosure, other real estate owned is recorded at fair value less costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Any write-downs based on the asset’s fair value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. After foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations such that the real estate is carried at the lower of its new cost basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Fair value adjustments on other real estate owned are recognized within net loss on real estate owned. The loss represents impairments on non-covered other real estate owned for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of the real estate. The Company’s property appraisals are primarily based on the sales comparison approach and income approach methodologies, which consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income generating characteristics, and then make adjustments to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. These adjustments may increase or decrease an appraised value and can vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each property. Additionally, the quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period to period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of comparable sale adjustments. Given these variations, comparable sale adjustments are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period. Under certain circumstances, management discounts are applied based on specific characteristics of an individual property. The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2022 and 2021:
December 31, 2022 |  | Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range, Weighted Average
Individually evaluated loans |  | $ | 5,719 |  |  | Sales comparison approach Income approach |  | Adjustment for differences between comparable sales; Capitalization rate |  | Not meaningful; N/A
Real estate owned (Residential) |  | $ | 311 |  |  | Sales comparison approach |  | Adjustment for differences between comparable sales |  | Not meaningful; N/A
December 31, 2021 |  | Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range, Weighted Average
Individually evaluated loans |  | $ | 3,683 |  |  | Sales comparison approach Income approach |  | Adjustment for differences between comparable sales Capitalization rate |  | Not meaningful; N/A
The estimated fair values of financial instruments that are reported at amortized cost in the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value, were as follows (in thousands):
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 1 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 96,323 |  |  | $ | 96,323 |  |  | $ | 57,032 |  |  | $ | 57,032 |
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks | 10,907 |  |  | 10,907 |  |  | 711,389 |  |  | 711,389 |
Level 2 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held to maturity | 160,983 |  |  | 149,938 |  |  | 199,759 |  |  | 208,140 |
Restricted equity securities | 17,250 |  |  | n/a |  | 17,250 |  |  | N/A
Level 3 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net | 6,344,767 |  |  | 6,153,155 |  |  | 4,831,248 |  |  | 4,880,044 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 2 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 8,329,013 |  |  | 8,321,517 |  |  | 7,367,159 |  |  | 7,366,422 |
Other borrowings | 264,605 |  |  | 264,605 |  |  | 50,087 |  |  | 50,087 |
Level 3 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Junior subordinated debt | 101,040 |  |  | 92,613 |  |  | 58,079 |  |  | 57,173 |
| Contract Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Contract Amount |  | Fair Value
Off-balance sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 3 inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commitments (1) | $ | 2,188,560 |  |  | $ | 21,886 |  |  | $ | 1,586,068 |  |  | $ | 15,861 |
Standby letters of credit (1) | 26,599 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 21,871 |  |  | 219 |
Overdraft privilege commitments (1) | 126,634 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  | 125,670 |  |  | 1,257 |
The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments not measured at fair value are as follows: Securities held to maturity - This includes mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities and municipal bonds. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Restricted equity securities - Consists of FHLB stock whereby carrying value approximates fair value. Loans - Loans are generally valued by discounting expected cash flows using market inputs with adjustments based on cohort level assumptions for certain loan types as well as internally developed estimates at a business segment level. Due to the significance of the unobservable market inputs and assumptions, as well as the absence of a liquid secondary market for most loans, these loans are classified as Level 3. Certain loans are measured based on observable market prices sourced from external data providers and classified as Level 2. Nonaccrual loans are written down and reported at their estimated recovery value which approximates their fair value and classified as Level 3. Deposits - The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as demand deposit accounts, money market accounts, and savings accounts was the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of time deposits was estimated based on a discounted cash flow technique using Level 3 inputs appropriate to the contractual maturity. Other borrowings - The cash flows were calculated using the contractual features of the advance and then discounted using observable market. These are short-term in nature. Junior subordinated debt - The fair value of structured financings was estimated based on a discounted cash flow technique using observable market interest rates adjusted for estimated spreads. (1) Lending related commitments - The fair value of these commitments, including revolving credit facilities, standby letters of credit and overdrafts are carried at contract value, which approximates fair value but are not actively traded. These instruments generate fees, which approximate those currently charged to originate similar commitments, which are recognized over the term of the commitment period.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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