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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The components of consolidated income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Current tax expense
Federal$26,133 $34,155 $28,763 
State19,781 22,355 18,221 
$45,914 56,510 46,984 
Deferred tax expense
Federal(1,330)(5,224)(872)
State(1,069)(2,798)(64)
(2,399)(8,022)(936)
Total tax expense$43,515 $48,488 $46,048 
A deferred tax asset or liability is recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences in the recognition of revenue and expense for financial and tax reporting purposes. The net change during the year in the deferred tax asset or liability results in a deferred tax expense or benefit.
The Company recognized, as components of tax expense, tax credits and other tax benefits, and amortization expense relating to our investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Tax credits and other tax benefits – decrease in tax expense$(10,857)$(6,370)$(4,224)
Amortization – increase in tax expense$9,092 $6,178 $3,604 
The carrying value of Low Income Housing Tax Credit Funds was $96.9 and $91.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has committed to make additional capital contributions to the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Funds in the amount of $63.3 million, and these contributions are expected to be made over the next several years.
The provisions for income taxes applicable to income before taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 differ from amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal income tax rates to income before taxes. The effective tax rate and the statutory federal income tax rate are reconciled as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
202320222021
Federal statutory income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit7.9 7.9 7.9 
Tax-exempt interest on municipal obligations(0.7)(0.7)(0.5)
Tax-exempt life insurance related income(0.4)(0.4)(0.5)
Low income housing tax credits(6.6)(3.7)(2.6)
Low income housing tax credit amortization5.6 3.6 2.2 
Equity compensation0.3 (0.2)(0.1)
Non-deductible merger expenses— 0.1 0.1 
Other(0.1)0.3 0.6 
Effective Tax Rate27.0 %27.9 %28.1 %
The temporary differences, tax effected, which give rise to the Company’s net deferred tax asset recorded in other assets are as follows for the years indicated (in thousands):
 December 31,
 20232022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for losses and reserve for unfunded commitments$37,656 $32,519 
Deferred compensation1,534 1,696 
Other accrued expenses3,899 2,720 
Additional unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans15,434 16,036 
Operating lease liability8,355 8,575 
State taxes3,346 3,649 
Share based compensation1,050 1,132 
Nonaccrual interest706 643 
Acquisition cost basis12,046 14,640 
Unrealized loss on securities68,535 85,897 
Tax credits852 852 
Net operating loss carryforwards953 2,098 
Other190 120 
Total deferred tax assets154,556 170,577 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Securities income(777)(777)
Depreciation(8,364)(8,270)
Right of use asset(7,726)(7,941)
Funded pension liability(3,999)(4,110)
Securities accretion(2,265)(1,265)
Mortgage servicing rights valuation(1,946)(1,976)
Core deposit intangible(2,814)(4,778)
Junior subordinated debt(1,171)(1,293)
Prepaid expenses and other(1,170)(991)
Total deferred tax liability(30,232)(31,401)
Net deferred tax asset$124,324 $139,176 
As part of the merger with FNB Bancorp in 2018 and North Valley Bancorp in 2014, TriCo acquired federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards. These tax attribute carryforwards will be subject to provisions of the tax law that limit the use of such losses and credits generated by a company prior to the date certain ownership changes occur. The amount of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards that are subject to these limitations as of December 31, 2023 were approximately $2.7 million for federal and $4.8 million for California. The amount of the Company’s tax credits that would be subject to these limitations as of December 31, 2023 are $0.3 million and $0.6 million for federal and California, respectively. Due to the limitation, a significant portion of the state tax credits will expire regardless of whether the Company generates future taxable income. As such, the Company has recorded the future benefit of these tax credits on the books at the value which is more likely than not to be realized. These tax loss and tax credit carryforwards expire at various dates through 2032.
The Company believes that a valuation allowance is not needed to reduce the deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets, including the tax attribute carryforwards acquired as part of past mergers.
Disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were not considered significant for disclosure purposes. Management does not expect the unrecognized tax benefit will materially change in the next 12 months. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 the Company did not recognize any significant amounts related to interest and penalties associated with taxes. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and California. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state/local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020 and 2019, respectively.