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Investment Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

Note 4 Investment Securities

The Company’s investment securities portfolio is comprised of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities. These investment securities totaled $1.2 billion at December 31, 2023 and included $0.6 billion of available-for-sale securities and $0.6 billion of held-to-maturity securities. At December 31, 2022, investment securities totaled $1.4 billion and included $0.7 billion of available-for-sale securities and $0.7 billion of held-to-maturity securities.

Available-for-sale

Available-for-sale securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:


		December 31, 2023
		Amortized			Gross			Gross
		cost			unrealized gains			unrealized losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	74,508		$	—		$	(1,464)		$	73,044
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			233,264			57			(31,512)			201,809
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			417,155			—			(65,913)			351,242
Municipal securities			80			—			(1)			79
Corporate debt			2,000			—			(157)			1,843
Other securities			812			—			—			812
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	727,819		$	57		$	(99,047)		$	628,829


		December 31, 2022
		Amortized			Gross			Gross
		cost			unrealized gains			unrealized losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	74,031		$	—		$	(2,643)		$	71,388
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			263,939			1			(37,809)			226,131
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			478,866			—			(72,940)			405,926
Municipal securities			155			—			(2)			153
Corporate debt			2,000			—			(80)			1,920
Other securities			771			—			—			771
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	819,762		$	1		$	(113,474)		$	706,289

There were no purchases or sales of available-for-sale securities during the year ended December 31, 2023. During 2022, purchases of available-for-sale securities totaled $259.8 million. Maturities and paydowns of available-for-sale securities during 2023 and 2022 totaled $92.0 million and $141.9 million, respectively. During 2022, the Company sold $128.4 million of available-for-sale securities acquired through the BOJH acquisition. The remainder of the available-for-sale securities from the acquisition were transferred to held-to-maturity.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s available-for-sale investment portfolio was primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury securities and mortgage-backed securities. All mortgage-backed securities were backed by GSE collateral such as FHLMC and FNMA and the government owned agency GNMA.

The tables below summarize the available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of the dates shown, along with the length of the impairment period:


		December 31, 2023
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	—		$	73,044		$	(1,464)		$	73,044		$	(1,464)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			9			—			199,000			(31,512)			199,009			(31,512)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			138			(1)			351,104			(65,912)			351,242			(65,913)
Municipal securities			—			—			79			(1)			79			(1)
Corporate debt			—			—			1,843			(157)			1,843			(157)
Total		$	147		$	(1)		$	625,070		$	(99,046)		$	625,217		$	(99,047)


		December 31, 2022
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	71,388		$	(2,643)		$	—		$	—		$	71,388		$	(2,643)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			83,748			(6,686)			141,272			(31,123)			225,020			(37,809)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			196,449			(22,809)			209,477			(50,131)			405,926			(72,940)
Municipal securities			153			(2)			—			—			153			(2)
Corporate debt			1,920			(80)			—			—			1,920			(80)
Total		$	353,658		$	(32,220)		$	350,749		$	(81,254)		$	704,407		$	(113,474)

Management evaluated all of the available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The portfolio included 230 securities, which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023, compared to 244 securities at December 31, 2022. The unrealized losses in the Company’s investment portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were caused by changes in interest rates. The Company has no intention to sell these securities and believes it will not be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost. Management believes that default of the available-for-sale securities is highly unlikely. FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities have a long history of zero credit losses, an explicit guarantee by the U.S. government (although limited for FNMA and FHLMC securities) and yields that generally trade based on market views of prepayment and liquidity risk rather than credit risk.

The tables below summarize the credit quality indicators, by fair value, of available-for-sale securities as of the dates shown:


		December 31, 2023
		AAA			Not rated			Total
U.S. Treasury securities		$	73,044		$	—		$	73,044
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			201,809			—			201,809
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			351,242			—			351,242
Municipal securities			—			79			79
Corporate debt			—			1,843			1,843
Other securities			—			812			812
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	626,095		$	2,734		$	628,829


		December 31, 2022
		AAA			Not rated			Total
U.S. Treasury securities		$	71,388		$	—		$	71,388
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			226,131			—			226,131
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			405,926			—			405,926
Municipal securities			—			153			153
Corporate debt			—			1,920			1,920
Other securities			—			771			771
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	703,445		$	2,844		$	706,289

Certain securities are pledged as collateral for public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB, if needed. The fair value of available-for-sale investment securities pledged as collateral totaled $312.4 million and $484.9 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company may also pledge available-for-sale investment securities as collateral for FHLB advances. No securities were pledged for this purpose at December 31, 2023 or 2022.

A summary of the available-for-sale securities by maturity is shown in the following table as of December 31, 2023. Mortgage-backed securities may have actual maturities that differ from contractual maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments and are therefore not included in the table below. Additionally, the Company holds other available-for-sale securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $0.8 million as of December 31, 2023 that have no stated contractual maturity date.


		December 31, 2023
								Weighted
		Amortized Cost			Fair Value			Average Yield
U.S. Treasury securities
Within one year		$	24,967		$	24,848		2.30%
After one but within five years			49,541			48,196		2.67%
Municipal securities
Within one year			80			79		3.17%
Corporate debt
After five but within ten years			2,000			1,843		5.87%

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, AIR from available-for-sale investment securities totaled $1.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and was included within other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Held-to-maturity

Held-to-maturity investment securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:


		December 31, 2023
					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			unrealized			unrealized
		cost			gains			losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	49,338		$	—		$	(1,004)		$	48,334
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			299,337			226			(34,552)			265,011
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			236,377			2			(45,396)			190,983
Total investment securities held-to-maturity		$	585,052		$	228		$	(80,952)		$	504,328


		December 31, 2022
					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			unrealized			unrealized
		cost			gains			losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	49,045		$	—		$	(1,416)		$	47,629
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			339,815			163			(41,162)			298,816
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			262,667			—			(49,188)			213,479
Total investment securities held-to-maturity		$	651,527		$	163		$	(91,766)		$	559,924

During 2023 and 2022, purchases of held-to-maturity securities totaled $2.5 million and $101.7 million, respectively. Maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturity securities totaled $69.6 million and $133.4 million during 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The held-to-maturity portfolio included 123 securities which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2023, compared to 129 securities at December 31, 2022. The tables below summarize the held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of the dates shown, along with the length of the impairment period:


		December 31, 2023
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	—		$	48,334		$	(1,004)		$	48,334		$	(1,004)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			14,689			(72)			217,467			(34,480)			232,156			(34,552)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			2,289			(37)			187,021			(45,359)			189,310			(45,396)
Total		$	16,978		$	(109)		$	452,822		$	(80,843)		$	469,800		$	(80,952)


		December 31, 2022
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	47,629		$	(1,416)		$	—		$	—		$	47,629		$	(1,416)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			83,323			(3,804)			182,159			(37,358)			265,482			(41,162)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			34,704			(1,145)			178,776			(48,043)			213,480			(49,188)
Total		$	165,656		$	(6,365)		$	360,935		$	(85,401)		$	526,591		$	(91,766)

The Company does not measure expected credit losses on a financial asset, or group of financial assets, in which historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Management evaluated held-to-maturity securities noting they are backed by loans guaranteed by either U.S. government agencies or U.S. government sponsored entities, and management believes that default is highly unlikely given this governmental backing and long history without credit losses. Additionally, management notes that yields on which the portfolio generally trades are based upon market views of prepayment and liquidity risk and not credit risk. The Company has no intention to sell any held-to-maturity securities and believes it will not be required to sell any held-to-maturity securities before the recovery of their amortized cost.

The tables below summarize the credit quality indicators, by amortized cost, of held-to-maturity securities as of the dates shown:


		December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
		AAA			AAA
U.S. Treasury securities		$	49,338		$	49,045
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			299,337			339,815
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises			236,377			262,667
Total investment securities held-to-maturity		$	585,052		$	651,527

Certain securities are pledged as collateral for public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB, if needed. The carrying value of held-to-maturity investment securities pledged as collateral totaled $559.3 million and $355.3 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company may also pledge held-to-maturity investment securities as collateral for FHLB advances. No held-to-maturity investment securities were pledged for this purpose at December 31, 2023 or 2022.

A summary of the held-to-maturity securities by maturity is shown in the following table as of December 31, 2023. Actual maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from scheduled maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments and are therefore not included in the table below.


		December 31, 2023
								Weighted
		Amortized Cost			Fair Value			Average Yield
U.S. Treasury securities
After one but within five years		$	49,338		$	48,334		3.14%

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, AIR from held-to-maturity investment securities totaled $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and was included within other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.