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Investment Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Investment Securities

Investment Securities

Note 4 Investment Securities

The Company’s investment securities portfolio is comprised of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities. These investment securities totaled $1.0 billion at December 31, 2024 and included $0.5 billion of available-for-sale securities and $0.5 billion of held-to-maturity securities. At December 31, 2023, investment securities totaled $1.2 billion and included $0.6 billion of available-for-sale securities and $0.6 billion of held-to-maturity securities.

Available-for-sale

Available-for-sale securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:


		December 31, 2024
		Amortized			Gross			Gross
		cost			unrealized gains			unrealized losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	24,958		$	—		$	(84)		$	24,874
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			164,785			53			(29,793)			135,045
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			425,476			432			(60,970)			364,938
Corporate debt			2,000			—			(38)			1,962
Other securities			728			—			—			728
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	617,947		$	485		$	(90,885)		$	527,547


		December 31, 2023
		Amortized			Gross			Gross
		cost			unrealized gains			unrealized losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	74,508		$	—		$	(1,464)		$	73,044
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			233,264			57			(31,512)			201,809
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			417,155			—			(65,913)			351,242
Municipal securities			80			—			(1)			79
Corporate debt			2,000			—			(157)			1,843
Other securities			812			—			—			812
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	727,819		$	57		$	(99,047)		$	628,829

During 2024, purchases of available-for-sale securities totaled $185.7 million and sales of available-for-sale securities totaled $132.1 million. The available-for-sale securities sales were executed during the fourth quarter of 2024 as a result of strategic balance sheet management and resulted in a pre-tax loss of $6.6 million. There were no purchases or sales of available-for-sale securities during the year ended December 31, 2023. Maturities and paydowns of available-for-sale securities during 2024 and 2023 totaled $157.5 million and $92.0 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s available-for-sale investment portfolio was primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury securities and mortgage-backed securities. All mortgage-backed securities were backed by GSE collateral such as FHLMC and FNMA and the government owned agency GNMA.

The tables below summarize the available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses as of the dates shown, along with the length of the impairment period:


		December 31, 2024
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	—		$	24,874		$	(84)		$	24,874		$	(84)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			—			—			132,935			(29,793)			132,935			(29,793)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			41,426			(95)			264,621			(60,875)			306,047			(60,970)
Corporate debt			—			—			1,963			(38)			1,963			(38)
Total		$	41,426		$	(95)		$	424,393		$	(90,790)		$	465,819		$	(90,885)


		December 31, 2023
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	—		$	73,044		$	(1,464)		$	73,044		$	(1,464)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			9			—			199,000			(31,512)			199,009			(31,512)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			138			(1)			351,104			(65,912)			351,242			(65,913)
Municipal securities			—			—			79			(1)			79			(1)
Corporate debt			—			—			1,843			(157)			1,843			(157)
Total		$	147		$	(1)		$	625,070		$	(99,046)		$	625,217		$	(99,047)

Management regularly monitors the investment securities portfolio in its entirety and further evaluates all of the available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at each reporting period. The portfolio included 180 securities, which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024, compared to 230 securities at December 31, 2023. The unrealized losses in the Company’s investment portfolio at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were caused by changes in interest rates. The Company has no intention to sell these securities and believes it will not be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost. Management believes that default of the available-for-sale securities is highly unlikely. FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities have a long history of zero credit losses, an explicit guarantee by the U.S. government (although limited for FNMA and FHLMC securities) and yields that generally trade based on market views of prepayment and liquidity risk rather than credit risk.

The tables below summarize the credit quality indicators, by fair value, of available-for-sale securities as of the dates shown:


		December 31, 2024
		AA+			Not rated			Total
U.S. Treasury securities		$	24,874		$	—		$	24,874
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			135,045			—			135,045
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			364,938			—			364,938
Corporate debt			—			1,962			1,962
Other securities			—			728			728
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	524,857		$	2,690		$	527,547


		December 31, 2023
		AAA			Not rated			Total
U.S. Treasury securities		$	73,044		$	—		$	73,044
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			201,809			—			201,809
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			351,242			—			351,242
Municipal securities			—			79			79
Corporate debt			—			1,843			1,843
Other securities			—			812			812
Total investment securities available-for-sale		$	626,095		$	2,734		$	628,829

Based upon the downgrade of U.S. government securities by certain rating agencies, the Company updated the rating in the tables above from AAA to AA+. Certain securities are pledged as collateral for public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB, if needed. The fair value of available-for-sale investment securities pledged as collateral totaled $238.6 million and $312.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company may also pledge available-for-sale investment securities as collateral for FHLB advances. No securities were pledged for this purpose at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

A summary of the available-for-sale securities by maturity is shown in the following table as of December 31, 2024. Mortgage-backed securities may have actual maturities that differ from contractual maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments and are therefore not included in the table below. Additionally, the Company holds other available-for-sale securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $0.7 million as of December 31, 2024 that have no stated contractual maturity date.


		December 31, 2024
								Weighted
		Amortized cost			Fair value			average yield
U.S. Treasury securities
Within one year		$	24,958		$	24,874		2.55%
Corporate debt
After five but within ten years			2,000			1,962		5.86%

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, AIR from available-for-sale investment securities totaled $1.3 million, and was included within other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Held-to-maturity

Held-to-maturity investment securities are summarized as follows as of the dates indicated:


		December 31, 2024
					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			unrealized			unrealized
		cost			gains			losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	49,639		$	—		$	(480)		$	49,159
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			271,105			51			(36,870)			234,286
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			212,364			—			(44,423)			167,941
Total investment securities held-to-maturity		$	533,108		$	51		$	(81,773)		$	451,386


		December 31, 2023
					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			unrealized			unrealized
		cost			gains			losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities		$	49,338		$	—		$	(1,004)		$	48,334
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			299,337			226			(34,552)			265,011
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			236,377			2			(45,396)			190,983
Total investment securities held-to-maturity		$	585,052		$	228		$	(80,952)		$	504,328

During 2024 and 2023, purchases of held-to-maturity securities totaled $10.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturity securities totaled $63.1 million and $69.6 million during 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The held-to-maturity portfolio included 160 securities which were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024, compared to 123 securities at December 31, 2023. The tables below summarize the held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses as of the dates shown, along with the length of the impairment period:


		December 31, 2024
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	—		$	49,159		$	(480)		$	49,159		$	(480)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			45,427			(880)			185,558			(35,990)			230,985			(36,870)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			2,818			(51)			165,123			(44,372)			167,941			(44,423)
Total		$	48,245		$	(931)		$	399,840		$	(80,842)		$	448,085		$	(81,773)


		December 31, 2023
		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
		Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized			Fair			Unrealized
		value			losses			value			losses			value			losses
U.S. Treasury securities		$	—		$	—		$	48,334		$	(1,004)		$	48,334		$	(1,004)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			14,689			(72)			217,467			(34,480)			232,156			(34,552)
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			2,289			(37)			187,021			(45,359)			189,310			(45,396)
Total		$	16,978		$	(109)		$	452,822		$	(80,843)		$	469,800		$	(80,952)

The Company does not measure expected credit losses on a financial asset, or group of financial assets, in which historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Management evaluated held-to-maturity securities noting they are backed by loans guaranteed by either U.S. government agencies or U.S. government sponsored entities, and management believes that default is highly unlikely given this governmental backing and long history without credit losses. Additionally, management notes that yields on which the portfolio generally trades are based upon market views of prepayment and liquidity risk and not credit risk. The Company has no intention to sell any held-to-maturity securities and believes it will not be required to sell any held-to-maturity securities before the recovery of their amortized cost.

The table below summarizes the credit quality indicators, by amortized cost, of held-to-maturity securities as of the dates shown:


		December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
		AA+			AAA
U.S. Treasury securities		$	49,639		$	49,338
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			271,105			299,337
Other residential MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or sponsored enterprises			212,364			236,377
Total investment securities held-to-maturity		$	533,108		$	585,052

Based upon the downgrade of U.S. government securities by certain rating agencies, the Company updated the rating in the tables above from AAA to AA+. Certain securities are pledged as collateral for public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB, if needed. The carrying value of held-to-maturity investment securities pledged as collateral totaled $500.5 million and $559.3 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company may also pledge held-to-maturity investment securities as collateral for FHLB advances. No held-to-maturity investment securities were pledged for this purpose at December 31, 2024 or 2023.

A summary of the held-to-maturity securities by maturity is shown in the following table as of December 31, 2024. Actual maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from scheduled maturities depending on the repayment characteristics and experience of the underlying financial instruments and are therefore not included in the table below.

0
		December 31, 2024
								Weighted
		Amortized cost			Fair value			average yield
U.S. Treasury securities
Within one year		$	24,974		$	24,884		3.18%
After one but within five years			24,665			24,275		3.10%
Total		$	49,639		$	49,159		3.14%

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, AIR from held-to-maturity investment securities totaled $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and was included within other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.