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Loans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Loans  
Loans

Note 6 Loans

The loan portfolio is comprised of loans originated by the Company and loans that were acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisitions.

The tables below show the loan portfolio composition including carrying value by segment as of the dates shown. The carrying value of loans is net of discounts, fees, costs and fair value marks of $30.1 million and $33.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

December 31, 2024

Total loans

% of total

Commercial

$

4,670,430

60.2%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

1,812,338

23.4%

Residential real estate

1,253,838

16.2%

Consumer

14,537

0.2%

Total

$

7,751,143

100.0%

December 31, 2023

Total loans

% of total

Commercial

$

4,499,035

58.4%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

1,856,750

24.1%

Residential real estate

1,323,787

17.2%

Consumer

19,186

0.3%

Total

$

7,698,758

100.0%

Information about delinquent and non-accrual loans is shown in the following tables at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024

Greater

30-89 days

than 90 days

Total past

past due and

past due and

Non-accrual

due and

accruing

accruing

loans

non-accrual

Current

Total loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

20,290

$

5,492

$

21,950

$

47,732

$

1,948,093

$

1,995,825

Municipal and non-profit

1,107,142

1,107,142

Owner occupied commercial real estate

1,611

9,447

195

11,253

1,252,891

1,264,144

Food and agribusiness

587

587

302,732

303,319

Total commercial

21,901

14,939

22,732

59,572

4,610,858

4,670,430

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction

250,335

250,335

Acquisition/development

82,862

82,862

Multifamily

320,781

320,781

Non-owner occupied

158

5,971

6,129

1,152,231

1,158,360

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

158

5,971

6,129

1,806,209

1,812,338

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

952

6,747

7,699

1,161,568

1,169,267

Junior lien

133

505

638

83,933

84,571

Total residential real estate

1,085

7,252

8,337

1,245,501

1,253,838

Consumer

20

1

39

60

14,477

14,537

Total loans

$

23,164

$

14,940

$

35,994

$

74,098

$

7,677,045

$

7,751,143

December 31, 2024

Non-accrual loans

Non-accrual loans

with a related

with no related

allowance for

allowance for

Non-accrual

credit loss

credit loss

loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

12,746

$

9,204

$

21,950

Owner occupied commercial real estate

195

195

Food and agribusiness

1

586

587

Total commercial

12,942

9,790

22,732

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

5,971

5,971

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

5,971

5,971

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

3,319

3,428

6,747

Junior lien

505

505

Total residential real estate

3,824

3,428

7,252

Consumer

39

39

Total loans

$

22,776

$

13,218

$

35,994

December 31, 2023

Greater

30-89 days

than 90 days

Total past

past due and

past due and

Non-accrual

due and

accruing

accruing

loans

non-accrual

Current

Total loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

9,179

$

$

2,250

$

11,429

$

1,955,480

$

1,966,909

Municipal and non-profit

1,083,756

1,083,756

Owner occupied commercial real estate

755

755

1,123,018

1,123,773

Food and agribusiness

12

5,762

5,774

318,823

324,597

Total commercial

9,179

12

8,767

17,958

4,481,077

4,499,035

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction

405,250

405,250

Acquisition/development

1,077

1,077

99,019

100,096

Multifamily

311,770

311,770

Non-owner occupied

60

13,472

13,532

1,026,102

1,039,634

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

1,137

13,472

14,609

1,842,141

1,856,750

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

1,410

50

5,488

6,948

1,226,651

1,233,599

Junior lien

375

528

448

1,351

88,837

90,188

Total residential real estate

1,785

578

5,936

8,299

1,315,488

1,323,787

Consumer

131

1

53

185

19,001

19,186

Total loans

$

12,232

$

591

$

28,228

$

41,051

$

7,657,707

$

7,698,758

December 31, 2023

Non-accrual loans

Non-accrual loans

with a related

with no related

allowance for

allowance for

Non-accrual

credit loss

credit loss

loans

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

2,250

$

$

2,250

Owner occupied commercial real estate

755

755

Food and agribusiness

5,176

586

5,762

Total commercial

8,181

586

8,767

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

13,472

13,472

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

13,472

13,472

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

3,277

2,211

5,488

Junior lien

448

448

Total residential real estate

3,725

2,211

5,936

Consumer

53

53

Total loans

$

25,431

$

2,797

$

28,228

Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment. Loans to borrowers experiencing financial

difficulties may be modified. Modified loans are discussed in more detail below. There was no interest income recognized from non-accrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company’s internal risk rating system uses a series of grades, which reflect our assessment of the credit quality of loans based on an analysis of the borrower's financial condition, liquidity and ability to meet contractual debt service requirements and are categorized as “Pass,” “Special mention,” “Substandard” and “Doubtful”. For a description of the general characteristics of the risk grades, refer to note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

The amortized cost basis and current period gross charge-offs for all loans as determined by the Company’s internal risk rating system and year of origination is shown in the following tables as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024

Revolving

Revolving

loans

loans

Origination year

amortized

converted

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

Prior

cost basis

to term

Total

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial:

Pass

$

445,993

$

181,920

$

332,246

$

215,561

$

51,902

$

92,115

$

468,752

$

2,614

$

1,791,103

Special mention

8,005

32,319

13,753

17,496

12,915

5,552

16,146

651

106,837

Substandard

13,417

34,320

8,909

21,575

3,011

2,020

8,982

387

92,621

Doubtful

1,250

1,159

1,490

17

975

373

5,264

Total commercial and industrial

468,665

249,718

356,398

254,649

68,803

100,060

493,880

3,652

1,995,825

Gross charge-offs: Commercial and industrial

2,028

26

155

156

2,365

Municipal and non-profit:

Pass

116,551

152,183

137,249

217,362

73,399

378,561

29,747

1,105,052

Special mention

170

1,920

2,090

Total municipal and non-profit

116,551

152,183

137,249

217,532

75,319

378,561

29,747

1,107,142

Owner occupied commercial real estate:

Pass

269,810

205,119

225,766

131,547

83,791

232,653

20,912

8,990

1,178,588

Special mention

430

1,664

13,798

23,482

268

12,744

52,386

Substandard

7,180

15,266

3,397

1,243

4,759

847

32,692

Doubtful

478

478

Total owner occupied commercial real estate

270,240

213,963

254,830

158,426

85,302

250,634

21,759

8,990

1,264,144

Gross charge-offs: Owner occupied commercial real estate

13

13

Food and agribusiness:

Pass

14,727

9,884

68,909

6,587

5,940

33,081

156,113

344

295,585

Special mention

4,045

2,898

204

7,147

Substandard

586

1

587

Total food and agribusiness

14,727

9,884

72,954

10,071

5,940

33,286

156,113

344

303,319

Gross charge-offs: Food and agribusiness

2,704

2,704

Total commercial

870,183

625,748

821,431

640,678

235,364

762,541

701,499

12,986

4,670,430

Gross charge-offs: Commercial

2,028

13

26

155

2,860

5,082

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction:

Pass

55,139

59,137

54,735

33,859

917

46,548

250,335

Total construction

55,139

59,137

54,735

33,859

917

46,548

250,335

Acquisition/development:

Pass

16,645

4,038

31,028

20,412

1,079

8,110

184

81,496

Special mention

1,072

1,072

Substandard

294

294

Total acquisition/development

16,645

4,038

32,100

20,412

1,079

8,404

184

82,862

Multifamily:

Pass

1,363

16,470

138,872

70,419

45,700

31,034

853

304,711

Special mention

4,159

8,091

3,820

16,070

Total multifamily

5,522

16,470

146,963

74,239

45,700

31,034

853

320,781

Non-owner occupied

Pass

68,192

143,857

303,998

143,085

125,374

304,162

11,018

1,099,686

Special mention

5,246

1,298

17,272

12,184

16,009

52,009

Substandard

5,516

694

6,210

Doubtful

455

455

Total non-owner occupied

73,438

145,155

321,270

161,240

125,374

320,865

11,018

1,158,360

Gross charge-offs: Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

293

4,422

4,715

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

150,744

224,800

555,068

289,750

173,070

360,303

58,603

1,812,338

Gross charge-offs: Commercial real estate non-owner occupied

293

4,422

4,715

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

Pass

66,465

77,136

415,279

280,209

100,990

174,830

46,053

583

1,161,545

Special mention

16

16

Substandard

64

663

3,422

700

394

2,270

7,513

Doubtful

172

21

193

Total senior lien

66,529

77,799

418,873

280,909

101,384

177,137

46,053

583

1,169,267

Junior lien

Pass

6,870

3,498

4,614

1,789

1,964

5,488

59,331

311

83,865

Special mention

27

27

Substandard

44

240

89

134

172

679

Total junior lien

6,914

3,498

4,854

1,789

2,053

5,649

59,503

311

84,571

Total residential real estate

73,443

81,297

423,727

282,698

103,437

182,786

105,556

894

1,253,838

Consumer

Pass

4,557

1,994

1,443

942

528

169

4,795

71

14,499

Substandard

38

38

Total consumer

4,557

1,994

1,443

942

528

207

4,795

71

14,537

Gross charge-offs: Consumer

877

23

30

3

48

981

Total loans

$

1,098,927

$

933,839

$

1,801,669

$

1,214,068

$

512,399

$

1,305,837

$

870,453

$

13,951

$

7,751,143

Gross charge-offs: Total loans

877

2,051

336

29

155

7,330

10,778

December 31, 2023

Revolving

Revolving

loans

loans

Origination year

amortized

converted

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

Prior

cost basis

to term

Total

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial:

Pass

$

348,103

$

396,618

$

271,201

$

87,234

$

41,261

$

106,711

$

563,924

$

31,620

$

1,846,672

Special mention

4,775

12,259

31,895

20,340

2,202

683

18,344

3,470

93,968

Substandard

13,729

4,555

4,248

1,314

179

347

910

25,282

Doubtful

600

387

987

Total commercial and industrial

367,207

413,432

307,344

109,275

43,642

107,741

583,178

35,090

1,966,909

Gross charge-offs: Commercial and industrial

12

215

47

3

277

Municipal and non-profit:

Pass

139,591

140,626

246,088

82,590

53,460

389,867

31,534

1,083,756

Total municipal and non-profit

139,591

140,626

246,088

82,590

53,460

389,867

31,534

1,083,756

Owner occupied commercial real estate:

Pass

236,897

275,644

181,472

97,523

86,761

163,997

18,281

1,060,575

Special mention

2,074

19,191

7,808

2,650

27,653

59,376

Substandard

515

1,732

687

234

3,168

Doubtful

6

648

654

Total owner occupied commercial real estate

238,971

295,356

191,012

97,523

90,098

192,532

18,281

1,123,773

Food and agribusiness:

Pass

16,917

69,212

14,159

15,379

10,417

34,592

149,125

51

309,852

Special mention

4,646

3,724

450

8,820

Substandard

586

180

1,786

2,552

Doubtful

3,373

3,373

Total food and agribusiness

16,917

69,212

19,391

15,379

10,417

38,496

154,734

51

324,597

Total commercial

762,686

918,626

763,835

304,767

197,617

728,636

787,727

35,141

4,499,035

Gross charge-offs: Commercial

12

215

47

3

277

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Construction:

Pass

43,385

190,826

59,477

63,486

1,006

47,070

405,250

Total construction

43,385

190,826

59,477

63,486

1,006

47,070

405,250

Acquisition/development:

Pass

13,228

39,000

21,011

5,992

597

8,814

7,416

2,961

99,019

Special mention

1,077

1,077

Total acquisition/development

13,228

40,077

21,011

5,992

597

8,814

7,416

2,961

100,096

Multifamily:

Pass

16,450

113,936

92,574

16,938

39,371

31,671

830

311,770

Total multifamily

16,450

113,936

92,574

16,938

39,371

31,671

830

311,770

Non-owner occupied

Pass

116,168

241,563

172,042

91,188

124,291

236,694

6,694

988,640

Special mention

21,268

3,876

2,489

27,633

Substandard

19,848

19,848

Doubtful

280

3,233

3,513

Total non-owner occupied

116,168

241,563

172,042

112,736

128,167

262,264

6,694

1,039,634

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

189,231

586,402

345,104

199,152

169,141

302,749

62,010

2,961

1,856,750

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

Pass

87,608

434,963

316,080

112,582

42,752

183,890

48,462

94

1,226,431

Special mention

515

515

Substandard

1,555

1,119

740

415

620

2,167

6,616

Doubtful

37

37

Total senior lien

89,163

436,082

316,820

112,997

43,372

186,609

48,462

94

1,233,599

Gross charge-offs: Senior lien

48

48

Junior lien

Pass

4,920

4,464

1,712

2,947

2,270

4,729

66,441

684

88,167

Special mention

27

249

276

Substandard

263

149

236

758

339

1,745

Total junior lien

5,183

4,613

1,948

3,705

2,270

5,095

66,690

684

90,188

Total residential real estate

94,346

440,695

318,768

116,702

45,642

191,704

115,152

778

1,323,787

Gross charge-offs: Residential real estate

48

48

Consumer

Pass

5,945

3,330

2,233

997

244

410

5,947

27

19,133

Substandard

50

3

53

Total consumer

5,945

3,330

2,233

997

244

460

5,950

27

19,186

Gross charge-offs: Consumer

1,225

13

1

2

1

8

1,250

Total loans

$

1,052,208

$

1,949,053

$

1,429,940

$

621,618

$

412,644

$

1,223,549

$

970,839

$

38,907

$

7,698,758

Gross charge-offs: Total loans

1,225

25

216

2

48

59

1,575

Loans evaluated individually

We evaluate loans individually when they no longer share risk characteristics with pooled loans. These loans include loans on non-accrual status, loans in bankruptcy, and modified loans as described below. If a specific allowance is warranted based on the borrower’s overall financial condition, the specific allowance is calculated based on discounted expected cash flows using the loan’s initial contractual effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral less selling costs for collateral-dependent loans.

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Management individually evaluates collateral-dependent loans with an amortized cost basis of $250 thousand or more and includes collateral-dependent loans less than $250 thousand within the general allowance population. The amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans over $250 thousand was as follows at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024

Total amortized

Real property

Business assets

cost basis

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

6,281

$

4,924

$

11,205

Owner occupied commercial real estate

1,343

1,343

Food and agribusiness

586

586

Total commercial

8,210

4,924

13,134

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

5,971

5,971

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

5,971

5,971

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

5,075

5,075

Junior lien

222

222

Total residential real estate

5,297

5,297

Total loans

$

19,478

$

4,924

$

24,402

December 31, 2023

Total amortized

Real property

Business assets

cost basis

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

1,946

$

220

$

2,166

Owner occupied commercial real estate

1,883

1,883

Food and agribusiness

586

5,159

5,745

Total commercial

4,415

5,379

9,794

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

19,993

19,993

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

19,993

19,993

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

2,661

2,661

Total residential real estate

2,661

2,661

Total loans

$

27,069

$

5,379

$

32,448

Loan modifications

The Company’s policy is to review each prospective credit to determine the appropriateness and the adequacy of security or collateral prior to making a loan. In the event of borrower default, the Company seeks recovery in compliance with lending laws, the respective loan agreements, and credit monitoring and remediation procedures that may include modifying a loan to provide a concession by the Company to the borrower from their original terms due to borrower financial difficulties in order to facilitate repayment. The Company considers loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, where such a concession is utilized, to be TDMs. TDMs may include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant-payment delays, term extensions or any combination thereof.

The following schedules present, by loan class, the amortized cost basis for loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that remain outstanding and were modified during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2024

Combination - interest rate

Combination - term extension

Term extension

Payment delay

reduction and term extension

and payment delay

Amortized

% of loan

Amortized

% of loan

Amortized

% of loan

Amortized

% of loan

cost basis

class

cost basis

class

cost basis

class

cost basis

class

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

1,488

0.1%

$

10,429

0.5%

$

0.0%

$

0.0%

Owner occupied commercial real estate

0.0%

1,664

0.1%

0.0%

0.0%

Total commercial

1,488

0.0%

12,093

0.3%

0.0%

0.0%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

164

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

164

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

0.0%

851

0.1%

21

0.0%

382

0.0%

Junior lien

0.0%

0.0%

44

0.1%

0.0%

Total residential real estate

0.0%

851

0.1%

65

0.0%

382

0.0%

Total loans

$

1,652

0.0%

$

12,944

0.2%

$

65

0.0%

$

382

0.0%

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2023

Term extension

Payment delay

Amortized

% of loan

Amortized

% of loan

cost basis

class

cost basis

class

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

0.0%

$

8,936

0.5%

Total commercial

0.0%

8,936

0.2%

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

18,770

1.8%

0.0%

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

18,770

1.0%

0.0%

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

652

0.1%

0.0%

Junior lien

263

0.3%

0.0%

Total residential real estate

915

0.1%

0.0%

Total loans

$

19,685

0.3%

$

8,936

0.1%

The following schedules present, by loan class, the payment status of loans that have been modified in the last twelve months as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 on an amortized cost basis:

December 31, 2024

Current

30-89 days past due

90+ days past due

Non-accrual

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

9,067

$

$

2,851

$

Owner occupied commercial real estate

1,664

Total commercial

10,731

2,851

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

164

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

164

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

871

382

Junior lien

44

Total residential real estate

871

426

Total loans

$

11,766

$

$

2,851

$

426

December 31, 2023

Current

30-89 days past due

90+ days past due

Non-accrual

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

$

8,936

$

$

$

Total commercial

8,936

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

5,298

13,472

Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied

5,298

13,472

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

652

Junior lien

263

Total residential real estate

915

Total loans

$

15,149

$

$

$

13,472

Accrual of interest is resumed on loans that were previously on non-accrual only after the loan has performed sufficiently for a period of time. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company had two TDMs with amortized costs totaling $3.2 million that were modified within the past 12 months that defaulted on their modified terms. One TDM utilized a payment delay. The other loan utilized a combination of a term extension and payment delay. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had one TDM with an amortized cost totaling $13.5 million that was modified within the past 12 months, utilizing a term extension, that defaulted on its modified terms. For purposes of this disclosure, the Company considers “default” to mean 90 days or more past due on principal or interest. The allowance for credit losses related to TDMs on non-accrual status is determined by individual evaluation, including collateral adequacy, using the same process as loans on non-accrual status which are not classified as TDMs.

The following schedules present the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of and for the periods indicated:

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2024

Financial effect

Term extension

Payment delay

Combination - Interest rate reduction and Term extension

Combination - Term extension and Payment delay

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

Extended a weighted average of 0.5 years to the life of loans

Delayed payments for a weighted average of 0.4 years

Owner occupied commercial real estate

Delayed payments for a weighted average of 0.5 years

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

Extended a weighted average of 7.5 years to the life of loans

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

Delayed payments for a weighted average of 0.3 years

Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate by 1.5% and extended a weighted average of 11 years to the life of loans

Extended a weighted average of 0.7 years to the life of loans and delayed payments for a weighted average of 0.7 years

Junior lien

Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate by 1.1% and extended a weighted average of 10 years to the life of loans

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2023

Financial effect

Term extension

Payment delay

Combination - Interest rate reduction and Term extension

Commercial:

Commercial and industrial

Delayed payments for a weighted average of 0.5 years

Commercial real estate non-owner occupied:

Non-owner occupied

Extended a weighted average of 0.3 years to the life of loans

Residential real estate:

Senior lien

Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate by 2.5% and extended a weighted average life of 30 years

Junior lien

Extended a weighted average of 1.3 years to the life of loans