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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

(a)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Topic 350) – Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not yet adopted ASU 2018-15 and does not expect the adoption to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. This guidance will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2021 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this new standard effective January 1, 2021 with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model which requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to certain available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes result in earlier recognition of credit losses. The Company adopted this new standard effective January 1, 2021 with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

(b)

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related interim disclosures have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for the interim financial information. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, to fairly state the financial position and the results of the Company’s operations and cash flows for interim periods in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the SEC's rules and regulations for interim reporting. Interim period results are not necessarily indicative of results of operations or cash flows for a full year or any subsequent interim period. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the SEC on March 4, 2021.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the assumptions used in the allocation of revenue, estimates regarding the progress of completing performance obligations under collaboration agreements, and the valuation of stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation

(c)

Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Schrödinger, Inc., its wholly owned subsidiaries, and its variable interest entity. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The functional currency for foreign entities is the United States dollar. The Company accounts for investments over which it has significant influence, but not a controlling financial interest, using the equity method.
Restricted Cash

(d)

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of letters of credit held with the Company’s financial institution related to facility leases, and is classified as current in the Company’s balance sheets based on the maturity of the underlying letter of credit.
Concentrations

(e)

Concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of trade receivables.

The Company does not require customers to provide collateral to support accounts receivable. If deemed necessary, credit reviews of significant new customers may be performed prior to extending credit. The determination of a customer’s ability to pay requires judgment, and failure to collect from a customer can adversely affect revenue, cash flows, and results of operations. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts.

As of March 31, 2021, two customers accounted for 14% and 12% of total accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, two customers accounted for 17% and 14% of total accounts receivable, respectively. No customers accounted for more than 10% of total revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
Income Taxes

(f)

Income Taxes

The Company records deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of the assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is estimated to become more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company currently maintains a full valuation allowance against existing net deferred tax assets.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if such positions are deemed “more likely than not” capable of being sustained. Interest and penalties accrued on unrecognized tax benefits are included within income tax expense in the consolidated financial statements.
Equity Investments

(g)

Equity Investments

The Company has entered into collaboration agreements with Nimbus Therapeutics, LLC (“Nimbus”), Morphic Therapeutic, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Morphic Holding, Inc. (“Morphic”), Petra Pharma Corporation (“Petra”), and Relay Therapeutics, Inc. (“Relay”) to perform drug design services in exchange for minority ownership, which are included within equity investments in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company has concluded that the carrying value of its equity investment in Nimbus should reflect its contractual rights to substantive profits. The Company further determined that the hypothetical liquidation at book value method (“HLBV method”) for valuing contractual rights to substantive profits provides the best representation of its financial position in Nimbus. During 2021, the Company continued to value Nimbus using the HLBV method.

The HLBV method is a balance sheet-oriented approach to equity method accounting. Under the HLBV method, the Company determines its share of earnings or losses by comparing its claim on the book value at the beginning and end of each reporting period. This claim is calculated as the amount that the Company would receive (or be obligated to pay) if the investee were to liquidate all of its assets at recorded amounts, determined as of the balance sheet date in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and distribute the resulting cash to creditors and investors in accordance with their respective priorities.

As there is a readily available public market for Morphic’s common stock, the Company values its investment based on the closing price of Morphic’s common stock as of the reporting date.

Upon the completion of Relay’s initial public offering in July 2020, the Company changed the valuation methodology used to value the Relay investment. As there is a readily available public market for Relay’s common stock, the Company valued its investment based on the closing price of Relay’s common stock as of the reporting date. In January 2021, the Company disposed of its equity stake in Relay for aggregate consideration of $15,735, resulting in a loss of $1,821 recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Prior to May 2020, the Company had concluded that its equity investment in Petra should be valued using the historical cost method, as the Company does not exercise significant influence over Petra. During May 2020, Petra merged with a third party.

For further information regarding the Company’s equity investments, see Note 4, Fair Value Measurements and Note 11, Equity Investments.
Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common and Limited Stockholders

(h)

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common and Limited Common Stockholders

The outstanding equity of the Company consists of common stock and limited common stock. Under the Company’s certificate of incorporation, the rights of the holders of common stock and limited common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Holders of limited common stock are precluded from voting such shares in any election of directors or on the removal of directors. Limited common stock may be converted into common stock at any time at the option of the stockholder.

Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating securities are subtracted from net income in determining net loss attributable to common and limited common stockholders. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common and limited common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common and limited common stock outstanding during the period.

For the calculation of diluted net loss, net income attributable to common and limited common stockholders for basic net loss is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under the Company’s equity compensation plans. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common and limited common stockholders is computed by dividing the resulting net loss attributable to common and limited common stockholders by the weighted-average number of fully diluted shares of common and limited common stock outstanding. For purposes of this calculation, stock options are considered common stock equivalents but have been excluded from the calculation of net loss per share attributable to common and limited stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share is presented on a combined basis for common stock and limited common stock because the results are identical.