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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of income tax expense
The components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:
 
 
Year Ended September 30,
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Current expense (benefit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States federal
 
$
(125
)
 
$
4,153

 
$
(2,043
)
State
 
(78
)
 
1,244

 
285

Total current expense (benefit)
 
(203
)
 
5,397

 
(1,758
)
Deferred (benefit) expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States federal
 
(2,878
)
 

 
24,877

State
 
66

 

 
3,051

Total deferred (benefit) expense
 
(2,812
)
 

 
27,928

Total provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
$
(3,015
)
 
$
5,397

 
$
26,170

Reconciliation of tax rate
The income tax provision differs from the tax that would result from application of the blended statutory federal tax rate of 24.5% to pre-tax income for the year ended September 30, 2018 and 35.0% to pre-tax income for the years ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016. The reasons for the differences are as follows:
 
 
Year Ended September 30,
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Income tax expense at statutory rate
 
$
(8,746
)
 
$
(956
)
 
$
(7,534
)
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit
 
(12
)
 
302

 
(531
)
Change in federal statutory rate
 
12,645

 

 
51

Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance
 
(7,066
)
 
6,192

 
34,184

Other, net
 
164

 
(141
)
 

Total income tax expense (benefit)
 
$
(3,015
)
 
$
5,397

 
$
26,170

Components of Deferred tax assets (liabilities)
The components of the deferred tax assets (liabilities) recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
 
 
September 30,
2018
 
2017
Gross deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation
 
$
1,253

 
$
1,976

Reserves and accruals
 
4,794

 
5,017

Accrued tool sets
 
638

 
1,111

Deferred revenue
 
9,185

 
27,056

Deferred rent liability
 
189

 
455

Net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards
 
5,389

 
416

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment
 
3,740

 
3,151

Charitable contribution carryovers
 
804

 
665

Deductions limited by Section 382
 
700

 
943

Valuation allowance
 
(23,112
)
 
(38,407
)
Total gross deferred tax assets
 
3,580

 
2,383

Gross deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Amortization of goodwill and intangibles
 
(2,056
)
 
(3,141
)
Prepaid and other expenses deductible for tax
 
(1,853
)
 
(2,383
)
Total deferred tax liabilities, gross
 
(3,909
)
 
(5,524
)
Net deferred tax liabilities
 
$
(329
)
 
$
(3,141
)
Summary of valuation allowance
The following table summarizes the activity for the valuation allowance for the year ended September 30:
 
 
Balance at
Beginning of
Period
 
Additions
(Reductions)
to Income
Tax
Expense
 
Write-offs (1)
 
Balance at
End of
Period
2018
 
$
38,407

 
$
(5,555
)
 
$
(9,740
)
 
$
23,112

2017
 
$
32,828

 
$
6,192

 
$
(613
)
 
$
38,407

2016
 
$
401

 
$
34,184

 
$
(1,757
)
 
$
32,828


(1) Of this total, approximately $9.6 million relates to our adoption of ASC 606 as of October 1, 2017.