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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Consolidated income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes by location | Consolidated income before income taxes consisted of:
(Dollars in thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Domestic | $ | 14,832 |  |  | $ | 9,604 |  |  | $ | 2,201 |
International | 51,341 |  |  | 71,620 |  |  | 47,521 |
Total | $ | 66,173 |  |  | $ | 81,224 |  |  | $ | 49,722 |
Income tax expense (benefit) by location | The income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations consisted of:
(Dollars in thousands) | Current |  | Deferred |  | Total
2015 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | 993 |  |  | $ | 4,272 |  |  | $ | 5,265 |
International | 15,192 |  |  | (604 | ) |  | 14,588 |
Total | $ | 16,185 |  |  | $ | 3,668 |  |  | $ | 19,853 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | 2,205 |  |  | $ | 6,984 |  |  | $ | 9,189 |
International | 17,172 |  |  | 1,451 |  |  | 18,623 |
Total | $ | 19,377 |  |  | $ | 8,435 |  |  | $ | 27,812 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | (7,075 | ) |  | $ | 6,187 |  |  | $ | (888 | )
International | 12,667 |  |  | (260 | ) |  | 12,407 |
Total | $ | 5,592 |  |  | $ | 5,927 |  |  | $ | 11,519 |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities | Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, were comprised of the following:
(Dollars in thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Accrued employee benefits and compensation | $ | 9,284 |  |  | $ | 9,168 |
Postretirement benefit obligations | 5,434 |  |  | 7,866 |
Tax loss and credit carryforwards | 9,318 |  |  | 16,533 |
Reserves and accruals | 5,075 |  |  | 4,230 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 17,862 |
Other | 3,474 |  |  | 2,550 |
Total deferred tax assets | 32,585 |  |  | 58,209 |
Less deferred tax asset valuation allowance | (6,202 | ) |  | (7,691 | )
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 26,383 |  |  | 50,518 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 17,492 |  |  | 14,303 |
Other | 187 |  |  | 344 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 17,679 |  |  | 14,647 |
Net deferred tax asset | $ | 8,704 |  |  | $ | 35,871 |
Effective income tax rate reconciliation | Income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the United States federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes. The reasons for this difference were as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Tax expense at Federal statutory income tax rate | $ | 23,161 |  |  | $ | 28,429 |  |  | $ | 17,403 |
International tax rate differential | (4,792 | ) |  | (6,772 | ) |  | (2,541 | )
Foreign source income, net of tax credits | 2,449 |  |  | 5,195 |  |  | (786 | )
State tax, net of federal | (416 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Unrecognized tax benefits | 148 |  |  | 603 |  |  | (2,197 | )
General business credits | (908 | ) |  | (604 | ) |  | (702 | )
Acquisition related expenses | 453 |  |  | 590 |  |  | — |
Valuation allowance change | (1,489 | ) |  | 388 |  |  | — |
Other | 1,247 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 342 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 19,853 |  |  | $ | 27,812 |  |  | $ | 11,519 |
Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits | Unrecognized tax benefits, excluding potential interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, were as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |
| 2015 |  | 2014
Beginning balance | $ | 9,368 |  |  | $ | 9,148 |
Gross increases - current period tax positions | 4,229 |  |  | 1,763 |
Gross increases - tax positions in prior periods | 1,428 |  |  | 335 |
Foreign currency exchange | (475 | ) |  | (230 | )
Lapse of statute of limitations | (3,979 | ) |  | (1,648 | )
Ending balance | $ | 10,571 |  |  | $ | 9,368 |

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