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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Consolidated income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes by location | The “Income before income tax expense” line item in the consolidated statements of operations consisted of:
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Domestic | $ | 14,381 |  |  | $ | 39,751 |  |  | $ | 10,888 |
International | 96,208 |  |  | 93,174 |  |  | 71,392 |
Total | $ | 110,589 |  |  | $ | 132,925 |  |  | $ | 82,280 |
Income tax expense (benefit) by location | The “Income tax expense” line item in the consolidated statements of operations consisted of:
(Dollars in thousands) | Current |  | Deferred |  | Total
2018 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | (341 | ) |  | $ | (3,007 | ) |  | $ | (3,348 | )
International | 26,604 |  |  | (318 | ) |  | 26,286 |
Total | $ | 26,263 |  |  | $ | (3,325 | ) |  | $ | 22,938 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | 7,535 |  |  | $ | 21,936 |  |  | $ | 29,471 |
International | 27,418 |  |  | (4,423 | ) |  | 22,995 |
Total | $ | 34,953 |  |  | $ | 17,513 |  |  | $ | 52,466 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | 2,078 |  |  | $ | 3,376 |  |  | $ | 5,454 |
International | 24,537 |  |  | 4,006 |  |  | 28,543 |
Total | $ | 26,615 |  |  | $ | 7,382 |  |  | $ | 33,997 |
Deferred tax assets and liabilities | Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, were comprised of the following:
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Accrued employee benefits and compensation | $ | 4,269 |  |  | $ | 8,410 |
Tax loss and credit carryforwards | 18,604 |  |  | 7,905 |
Reserves and accruals | 4,935 |  |  | 4,699 |
Other | 1,953 |  |  | 2,977 |
Total deferred tax assets | 29,761 |  |  | 23,991 |
Less deferred tax asset valuation allowance | (16,889 | ) |  | (8,754 | )
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 12,872 |  |  | 15,237 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 8,335 |  |  | 14,300 |
Postretirement benefit obligations | 3,234 |  |  | 2,311 |
Unremitted earnings | 1,778 |  |  | 3,100 |
Other | 2,094 |  |  | 224 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 15,441 |  |  | 19,935 |
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | (2,569 | ) |  | $ | (4,698 | )
Effective income tax rate reconciliation | Income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the United States federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes. The reasons for this difference were as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Tax expense at Federal statutory income tax rate | $ | 23,224 |  |  | $ | 46,529 |  |  | $ | 28,798 |
International tax rate differential | 826 |  |  | (9,603 | ) |  | (2,260 | )
Foreign source income, net of tax credits (excluding U.S. Tax Reform) | (197 | ) |  | 1,087 |  |  | 1,215 |
State tax, net of federal | 121 |  |  | 279 |  |  | (200 | )
Unrecognized tax benefits | (869 | ) |  | 2,874 |  |  | (5,555 | )
U.S. Tax Reform | 209 |  |  | 13,683 |  |  | — |
Equity compensation excess tax deductions | (2,238 | ) |  | (3,867 | ) |  | — |
General business credits | (2,172 | ) |  | (1,080 | ) |  | (1,125 | )
Distribution related foreign taxes | 1,916 |  |  | 2,173 |  |  | 12,433 |
Valuation allowance change (excluding U.S. Tax Reform) | 602 |  |  | 1,393 |  |  | 171 |
Other | 1,516 |  |  | (1,002 | ) |  | 520 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 22,938 |  |  | $ | 52,466 |  |  | $ | 33,997 |
Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits | Unrecognized tax benefits, excluding potential interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, were as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance | $ | 14,565 |  |  | $ | 5,883 |
Gross increases - current period tax positions | 2,583 |  |  | 7,056 |
Gross increases - tax positions in prior periods | 505 |  |  | 3,243 |
Gross decreases - tax positions in prior periods | — |  |  | (375 | )
Foreign currency exchange | (142 | ) |  | 467 |
Lapse of statute of limitations | (7,710 | ) |  | (1,709 | )
Ending balance | $ | 9,801 |  |  | $ | 14,565 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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