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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________________________

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________
Commission file number 1-4347
_______________________________
ROGERS CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
_______________________________

Massachusetts | 06-0513860
(State or Other Jurisdiction of | (I. R. S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization) |

2225 W. Chandler Blvd., Chandler, Arizona 85224-6155
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (480) 917-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, | par value $1.00 per share | ROG | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s capital stock as of April 24, 2023 was 18,608,617.

ROGERS CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
March 31, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I – Financial Information
| Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited): |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity | 7
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Position | 22
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 30
Part II – Other Information
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 31
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 31
|  | Signatures | 32

Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Refer to “Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Position for additional information.
2

Part I – Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
ROGERS CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 243,847 |  |  | $ | 248,266 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 164,146 |  |  | 162,872 |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | 79,701 |  |  | 85,394 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 60,085 |  |  | 57,705 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | 9,586 |  |  | 8,260 |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and impairment charges | 10,501 |  |  | 69 |  |  |  |  |
Other operating (income) expense, net | (219) |  |  | (531) |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | (252) |  |  | 19,891 |  |  |  |  |
Equity income in unconsolidated joint ventures | 76 |  |  | 1,275 |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | 5 |  |  | 267 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (3,462) |  |  | (1,069) |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (3,633) |  |  | 20,364 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (128) |  |  | 3,764 |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (3,505) |  |  | $ | 16,600 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | 0.87 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used in computing: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | 18,604 |  |  | 18,780 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | 18,604 |  |  | 18,999 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

ROGERS CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (3,505) |  |  | $ | 16,600 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 9,656 |  |  | (11,757) |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other postretirement benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of loss, net of tax (Note 4) | 94 |  |  | 86 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 9,750 |  |  | (11,671) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 6,245 |  |  | $ | 4,929 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

ROGERS CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except par value)

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 193,724 |  |  | $ | 235,850 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $1,099 and $1,007 | 174,620 |  |  | 177,413 |
Contract assets | 46,746 |  |  | 38,853 |
Inventories | 177,089 |  |  | 182,402 |
Prepaid income taxes | 3,908 |  |  | 4,042 |
Asbestos-related insurance receivables, current portion | 3,881 |  |  | 3,881 |
Other current assets | 11,913 |  |  | 17,426 |
Total current assets | 611,881 |  |  | 659,867 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $392,217 and $381,584 | 361,527 |  |  | 358,415 |
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | 12,841 |  |  | 14,082 |
Deferred income taxes | 57,991 |  |  | 50,649 |
Goodwill | 355,867 |  |  | 352,365 |
Other intangible assets, net of amortization | 132,233 |  |  | 133,724 |
Pension assets | 5,342 |  |  | 5,251 |
Asbestos-related insurance receivables, non-current portion | 55,926 |  |  | 55,926 |
Other long-term assets | 17,919 |  |  | 15,935 |
Total assets | $ | 1,611,527 |  |  | $ | 1,646,214 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 52,156 |  |  | $ | 57,342 |
Accrued employee benefits and compensation | 37,207 |  |  | 34,158 |
Accrued income taxes payable | 4,553 |  |  | 5,504 |
Asbestos-related liabilities, current portion | 4,968 |  |  | 4,968 |
Finance lease obligations, current portion | 380 |  |  | 498 |
Other accrued liabilities | 28,214 |  |  | 40,067 |
Total current liabilities | 127,478 |  |  | 142,537 |
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | 190,000 |  |  | 215,000 |
Pension and other postretirement benefits liabilities | 1,540 |  |  | 1,501 |
Asbestos-related liabilities, non-current portion | 59,996 |  |  | 60,065 |
Finance lease obligations, non-current portion | 1,323 |  |  | 1,295 |
Non-current income tax | 9,204 |  |  | 9,985 |
Deferred income taxes | 24,026 |  |  | 23,557 |
Other long-term liabilities | 19,702 |  |  | 19,808 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10 and Note 12) |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Capital stock - $1 par value; 50,000 authorized shares; 18,609 and 18,574 shares issued and outstanding | 18,609 |  |  | 18,574 |
Additional paid-in capital | 140,214 |  |  | 140,702 |
Retained earnings | 1,094,949 |  |  | 1,098,454 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (75,514) |  |  | (85,264) |
Total shareholders' equity | 1,178,258 |  |  | 1,172,466 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 1,611,527 |  |  | $ | 1,646,214 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

ROGERS CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (3,505) |  |  | $ | 16,600 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 14,653 |  |  | 10,724 |
Equity compensation expense | 2,053 |  |  | 3,202 |
Deferred income taxes | (7,356) |  |  | (2,013) |
Equity in undistributed income of unconsolidated joint ventures | (76) |  |  | (1,275) |
Dividends received from unconsolidated joint ventures | 1,457 |  |  | 1,509 |
Pension and other postretirement benefits | — |  |  | 29 |
(Gain) loss on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment | 18 |  |  | (15) |
UTIS fire fixed asset and inventory write-offs | — |  |  | 201 |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | 90 |  |  | (142) |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 2,566 |  |  | (14,384) |
Proceeds from insurance/government subsidies related to operations | 500 |  |  | 334 |
Contract assets | (7,934) |  |  | (3,121) |
Inventories | 3,933 |  |  | (19,935) |
Pension and postretirement benefit contributions | (3) |  |  | (24) |
Other current assets | 5,445 |  |  | (11,099) |
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses | (8,766) |  |  | (4,809) |
Other, net | (1,240) |  |  | 10,495 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 1,835 |  |  | (13,723) |
Investing Activities: |  |  |
Disposition of business | 989 |  |  | — |
Capital expenditures | (16,410) |  |  | (28,249) |
Proceeds from insurance claims | — |  |  | 2,262 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (15,421) |  |  | (25,987) |
Financing Activities: |  |  |
Repayment of debt principal and finance lease obligations | (25,118) |  |  | (146) |
Line of credit issuance costs | (1,742) |  |  | — |
Payments of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | (2,506) |  |  | (10,498) |
Proceeds from issuance of shares to employee stock purchase plan | — |  |  | 950 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (29,366) |  |  | (9,694) |
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash | 826 |  |  | (748) |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (42,126) |  |  | (50,152) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 235,850 |  |  | 232,296 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 193,724 |  |  | $ | 182,144 |
Supplemental Disclosures: |  |  |
Accrued capital additions | $ | 2,064 |  |  | $ | 14,021 |
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |
Interest, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 3,547 |  |  | $ | 1,068 |
Income taxes | $ | 4,002 |  |  | $ | 7,600 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

ROGERS CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Capital Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 18,574 |  |  | $ | 18,730 |  |  |  |  |
Shares issued for vested restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes | 35 |  |  | 67 |  |  |  |  |
Shares issued for employee stock purchase plan | — |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period | 18,609 |  |  | 18,803 |  |  |  |  |
Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | 140,702 |  |  | 163,583 |  |  |  |  |
Shares issued for vested restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for taxes | (2,541) |  |  | (10,565) |  |  |  |  |
Shares issued for employee stock purchase plan | — |  |  | 944 |  |  |  |  |
Equity compensation expense | 2,053 |  |  | 3,202 |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period | 140,214 |  |  | 157,164 |  |  |  |  |
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | 1,098,454 |  |  | 981,825 |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | (3,505) |  |  | 16,600 |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period | 1,094,949 |  |  | 998,425 |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | (85,264) |  |  | (45,243) |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 9,750 |  |  | (11,671) |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period | (75,514) |  |  | (56,914) |  |  |  |  |
Total Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 1,178,258 |  |  | $ | 1,117,478 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

ROGERS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
As used herein, the terms “Company,” “Rogers,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms mean Rogers Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, these statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for their fair presentation in accordance with GAAP. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. For further information regarding our accounting policies, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Note 2 – Fair Value Measurements
The accounting guidance for fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value:
•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
From time to time we enter into various instruments that require fair value measurement, including foreign currency contracts and copper derivative contracts. Derivative instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis, categorized by the level of inputs used in the valuation, were as follows:

| Derivative Instruments at Fair Value as of March 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total(1)
Foreign currency contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | (106) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (106) |
Copper derivative contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 738 |

| Derivative Instruments at Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total(1)
Foreign currency contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | (82) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (82) |
Copper derivative contracts | $ | — |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 500 |

(1) All balances were recorded in the “Other current assets” or “Other accrued liabilities” line items in the condensed consolidated statements of financial position.
For additional information on derivative contracts, refer to “Note 3 – Hedging Transactions and Derivative Financial Instruments.”
Note 3 – Hedging Transactions and Derivative Financial Instruments
We are exposed to certain risks related to our ongoing business operations. The primary risks being managed through our use of derivative instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity pricing risk (primarily related to copper). We do not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The valuation of derivative contracts used to manage each of foreign currency and commodity risks is described below:
•Foreign Currency – The fair value of any foreign currency option derivative is based upon valuation models applied to current market information such as strike price, spot rate, maturity date and volatility, and by reference to market values resulting from an over-the-counter market or obtaining market data for similar instruments with similar characteristics.
8

•Commodity – The fair value of copper derivatives is computed using a combination of intrinsic and time value valuation models, which are collectively a function of five primary variables: price of the underlying instrument, time to expiration, strike price, interest rate and volatility. The intrinsic valuation model reflects the difference between the strike price of the underlying copper derivative instrument and the current prevailing copper prices in an over-the-counter market at period end. The time value valuation model incorporates changes in the price of the underlying copper derivative instrument, the time value of money, the underlying copper derivative instrument’s strike price and the remaining time to the underlying copper derivative instrument’s expiration date from the period end date.
The guidance for the accounting and disclosure of derivatives and hedging transactions requires companies to recognize all of their derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the condensed consolidated statements of financial position. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment as defined under the applicable accounting guidance. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify for hedge accounting treatment as cash flow hedges (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). This gain or loss is reclassified into earnings in the same line item of the condensed consolidated statements of operations associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
Foreign Currency
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we entered into U.S. dollar, Korean won, and Japanese yen forward contracts. We entered into these foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate certain global transactional exposures. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. As a result, any fair value adjustments required on these contracts are recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the adjustment occurred.
As of March 31, 2023, the notional values of the remaining foreign currency forward contracts were as follows:

Notional Values of Foreign Currency Derivatives
USD/CNH | $ | 16,131,674 |
USD/EUR | $ | 8,500,000 |
KRW/USD | ₩ | 3,889,350,000 |
JPY/EUR | ¥ | 600,000,000 |

Commodity
As of March 31, 2023, we had 12 outstanding contracts to hedge exposure related to the purchase of copper in our AES operating segment. These contracts are held with financial institutions and are intended to offset rising copper prices and do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. As a result, any fair value adjustments required on these contracts are recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the adjustment occurred.
As of March 31, 2023, the volume of our copper contracts outstanding was as follows:

Volume of Copper Derivatives
April 2023 - June 2023 | 69 metric tons per month
July 2023 - September 2023 | 69 metric tons per month
October 2023 - December 2023 | 69 metric tons per month
January 2024 - March 2024 | 69 metric tons per month

9

Effects on Financial Statements
The impacts from our derivative instruments on the statement of operations and statements of comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:

|  |  | Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | Financial Statement Line Item |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Foreign Currency Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other income (expense), net |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (682) |  |  |  |  |
Copper Derivative Contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other income (expense), net |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  |  |  |

Note 4 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component were as follows:

(Dollars and accompanying footnotes in thousands) | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits(1) |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | (75,575) |  |  | $ | (9,689) |  |  | $ | (85,264) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 9,656 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,656 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | 94 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 9,656 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 9,750 |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | (65,919) |  |  | $ | (9,595) |  |  | $ | (75,514) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | (35,641) |  |  | $ | (9,602) |  |  | $ | (45,243) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (11,757) |  |  | — |  |  | (11,757) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | 86 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | (11,757) |  |  | 86 |  |  | (11,671) |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 | $ | (47,398) |  |  | $ | (9,516) |  |  | $ | (56,914) |

(1) Net of taxes of $1,899 and $1,926 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net of taxes of $2,100 and $2,125 as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Note 5 – Inventories
Inventories, which are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, consisted of the following:

(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Raw materials | $ | 87,397 |  |  | $ | 87,851 |
Work-in-process | 48,259 |  |  | 45,100 |
Finished goods | 41,433 |  |  | 49,451 |
Total inventories | $ | 177,089 |  |  | $ | 182,402 |

Note 6 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) | Advanced Electronics Solutions |  | Elastomeric Material Solutions |  | Other |  | Total
December 31, 2022 | $ | 115,352 |  |  | $ | 234,789 |  |  | $ | 2,224 |  |  | $ | 352,365 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 1,212 |  |  | 2,290 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 3,502 |
March 31, 2023 | $ | 116,564 |  |  | $ | 237,079 |  |  | $ | 2,224 |  |  | $ | 355,867 |

10

Other Intangible Assets
The gross and net carrying amounts, as well as the accumulated amortization of other intangible assets were as follows:

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands) | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships | $ | 176,359 |  |  | $ | 83,980 |  |  | $ | 92,379 |  |  | $ | 178,605 |  |  | $ | 85,569 |  |  | $ | 93,036 |
Technology | 76,744 |  |  | 54,337 |  |  | 22,407 |  |  | 82,349 |  |  | 59,052 |  |  | 23,297 |
Trademarks and trade names | 19,045 |  |  | 6,529 |  |  | 12,516 |  |  | 19,098 |  |  | 6,639 |  |  | 12,459 |
Covenants not to compete | 1,497 |  |  | 858 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 1,919 |  |  | 1,199 |  |  | 720 |
Total definite-lived other intangible assets | 273,645 |  |  | 145,704 |  |  | 127,941 |  |  | 281,971 |  |  | 152,459 |  |  | 129,512 |
Indefinite-lived other intangible asset | 4,292 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,292 |  |  | 4,212 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,212 |
Total other intangible assets | $ | 277,937 |  |  | $ | 145,704 |  |  | $ | 132,233 |  |  | $ | 286,183 |  |  | $ | 152,459 |  |  | $ | 133,724 |

In the table above, gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization may differ from prior periods due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Amortization expense was $3.3 million and $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense is $10.0 million for the remainder of 2023 and $12.3 million, $10.7 million, $10.3 million and $9.9 million for 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, respectively.
The weighted average amortization period as of March 31, 2023, by definite-lived other intangible asset class, was as follows:

Definite-Lived Other Intangible Asset Class |  | Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period
Customer relationships |  | 7.6 years
Technology |  | 3.5 years
Trademarks and trade names |  | 10.0 years
Covenants not to compete |  | 0.8 years
Total definite-lived other intangible assets |  | 7.1 years

Note 7 – Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and all dilutive potential common shares outstanding.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts) | Three Months Ended |  |
March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (3,505) |  |  | $ | 16,600 |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic | 18,604 |  |  | 18,780 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of dilutive shares | — |  |  | 219 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted | 18,604 |  |  | 18,999 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | 0.87 |  |  |  |  |

Dilutive shares are calculated using the treasury stock method and primarily include unvested restricted stock units. Anti-dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation of diluted shares and diluted earnings per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, 57,000 shares and 33,000 shares were excluded, respectively.
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Note 8 – Capital Stock and Equity Compensation
Equity Compensation
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
As of March 31, 2023, we had performance-based restricted stock units from 2023 and 2021 outstanding. These awards generally cliff vest at the end of a three-year measurement period. However, employees whose employment terminates during the measurement period due to death, disability, or, in certain cases, retirement may receive a pro-rata payout based on the number of days they were employed during the measurement period. Participants are eligible to be awarded shares ranging from 0% to 200% of the original award amount, based on certain defined performance measures.
The outstanding awards have one measurement criterion: the three-year total shareholder return (TSR) on our capital stock as compared to that of a specified group of peer companies. The TSR measurement criterion of the awards is considered a market condition. As such, the fair value of this measurement criterion was determined on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. We recognize compensation expense on all of these awards on a straight-line basis over the vesting period with no changes for final projected payout of the awards. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
The following table sets forth the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo calculation for each material award granted in 2023:

| February 9, 2023
Expected volatility | 53.2%
Expected term (in years) | 2.9
Risk-free interest rate | 4.08%

Expected volatility – In determining expected volatility, we have considered a number of factors, including historical volatility.
Expected term – We use the vesting period of the award to determine the expected term assumption for the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model.
Risk-free interest rate – We use an implied “spot rate” yield on U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity rates as of the grant date for our assumption of the risk-free interest rate.
Expected dividend yield – We do not currently pay dividends on our capital stock; therefore, a dividend yield of 0% was used in the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model.
A summary of activity of the outstanding performance-based restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is presented below:

| Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
Awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | 65,513 |
Awards granted | 45,591 |
Stock issued | (8,775) |
Awards cancelled | (30,963) |
Awards outstanding as of March 31, 2023 | 71,366 |

We recognized $0.1 million and $1.1 million of compensation contra-expense and expense, respectively, for performance-based restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Time-Based Restricted Stock Units
As of March 31, 2023, we had time-based restricted stock unit awards from 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020 outstanding. The outstanding awards all ratably vest on the first, second and third anniversaries of the original grant date. However, employees whose employment terminates during the measurement period due to death, disability, or, in certain cases, retirement may receive a pro-rata payout based on the number of days they were employed subsequent to the last grant anniversary date. Each time-based restricted stock unit represents a right to receive one share of Rogers’ capital stock at the end of the vesting period. The fair value of the award is determined by the market value of the underlying stock price at the grant date. We recognize compensation expense on all of these awards on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
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A summary of activity of the outstanding time-based restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is presented below:

| Time-Based Restricted Stock Units
Awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | 124,284 |
Awards granted | 60,499 |
Stock issued | (42,326) |
Awards cancelled | (20,721) |
Awards outstanding as of March 31, 2023 | 121,736 |

We recognized $2.1 million and $2.1 million of compensation expense for time-based restricted stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Deferred Stock Units
We grant deferred stock units to non-management directors. These awards are fully vested on the date of grant and the related shares are generally issued on the 13-month anniversary of the grant date unless the individual elects to defer the receipt of those shares. Each deferred stock unit results in the issuance of one share of Rogers’ capital stock. The grant of deferred stock units is typically done annually during the second quarter of each year. The fair value of the award is determined by the market value of the underlying stock price at the grant date.
A summary of activity of the outstanding deferred stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is presented below:

| Deferred Stock Units
Awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | 6,850 |
Awards granted | — |
Stock issued | — |
Awards outstanding as of March 31, 2023 | 6,850 |

We recognized no compensation expense for deferred stock units for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Note 9 – Debt
In October 2020, we entered into the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement). The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement amended and restated the Third Amended Credit Agreement, and provided for a revolving credit facility with up to a $450.0 million borrowing capacity, with sublimits for multicurrency borrowings, letters of credit and swing-line notes, in addition to a $175.0 million accordion feature. Borrowings could have been used to finance working capital needs, for letters of credit and for general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of business, including the financing of permitted acquisitions (as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement). The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement extended the maturity, the date on which all amounts borrowed or outstanding under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement are due, from February 17, 2022 to March 31, 2024.
All obligations under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement were guaranteed by each of our existing and future material domestic subsidiaries, as defined in the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement (the Previous Guarantors). The obligations were also secured by a Fourth Amended and Restated Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of October 16, 2020, entered into by us and the Previous Guarantors which granted to the administrative agent, for the benefit of the lenders, a security interest, subject to certain exceptions, in substantially all of our and the Previous Guarantors’ non-real estate assets. These assets included, but were not limited to, receivables, equipment, intellectual property, inventory, and stock in certain subsidiaries.
On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) publicly announced that immediately after December 31, 2021, publication of most Euro, Swiss Franc, Japanese Yen and Pound Sterling LIBOR settings will permanently cease. On October 15, 2021, Rogers Corporation and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. entered into an amendment (Amendment No. 1) to the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement to adopt a new benchmark interest rate to replace the discontinued LIBOR reference rates.
Borrowings under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement could have been made as alternate base rate loans, euro-currency loans, or RFR loans. Alternate base rate loans bore interest at a base reference rate plus a spread of 62.5 to 100.0 basis points, depending on our leverage ratio. The base reference rate was the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect on such day, (b) the NYFRB rate in effect on such day plus ½ of 1%, and (c) the adjusted LIBOR for a one-month interest period in dollars on such day (or if such day is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day) plus 1%. Euro-currency loans bore interest
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based on adjusted LIBOR plus a spread of 162.5 to 200.0 basis points, depending on our leverage ratio. RFR loans bore interest based upon the Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA) plus 0.0326% plus a spread of 162.5 to 200.0 basis points.
In addition to interest payable on the principal amount of indebtedness outstanding, we incurred an annual fee of 25 to 35 basis points (based upon our leverage ratio), paid quarterly, of the unused amount of the lenders’ commitments under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement.
The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement contained customary representations and warranties, covenants, mandatory prepayments and events of default under which our payment obligations may be accelerated. If an event of default occurred, the lenders may have, among other things, terminated their commitments and declared all outstanding borrowings to be immediately due and payable together with accrued interest and fees. The financial covenants included requirements to maintain (1) a total net leverage ratio of no more than 3.25 to 1.00, subject to a one-time election to increase the maximum total net leverage ratio to 3.50 to 1.00 for one fiscal year in connection with a permitted acquisition, and (2) an interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. We were permitted to net up to $50.0 million of unrestricted domestic cash and cash equivalents against indebtedness in the calculation of the total net leverage ratio.
The Fourth Amended Credit Agreement generally permitted us to pay cash dividends to our shareholders, provided that (i) no default or event of default had occurred and was continuing or would have resulted from the dividend payment and (ii) our total net leverage ratio did not exceed 2.75 to 1.00. If our total net leverage ratio exceeded 2.75 to 1.00, we may have nonetheless made up to $20.0 million in restricted payments, including cash dividends, during the fiscal year, provided that no default or event of default had occurred and was continuing or would have resulted from the payments.
On March 24, 2023, we entered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement) with each of the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and HSBC Bank USA, National Association, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Citibank, N.A. and Citizens Bank, N.A. as Co-Syndication Agents. The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement amends and restates the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement, and provides for (1) a revolving credit facility with up to $450.0 million of revolving loans, with sub-limits for multicurrency borrowings, letters of credit and swing-line notes, and (2) a $225.0 million expansion feature. Borrowings may be used to finance working capital needs, for letters of credit and for the general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of business, including the financing of permitted acquisitions (as defined in the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement). The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement extends the maturity, the date on which all amounts borrowed or outstanding under the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement are due, from March 31, 2024 to March 24, 2028.
All obligations under the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each of our existing and future material domestic subsidiaries, as defined in the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement (the Guarantors). The obligations are also secured by a Fifth Amended and Restated Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of March 24, 2023, entered into by us and the Guarantors which grants to the administrative agent, for the benefit of the lenders, a security interest, subject to certain exceptions, in substantially all of the non-real estate assets of ours and the Guarantors. These assets included, but were not limited to, receivables, equipment, intellectual property, inventory, and stock in certain subsidiaries.
Borrowings under the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement bear interest based on one of two options. Alternate base rate loans will bear interest at a rate that includes a base reference rate plus a spread of 62.5 to 100.0 basis points, depending on our leverage ratio. The base reference rate will be the greater of the (1) prime rate, (2) federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points, and (3) the one-month Term Secured Overnight Financial Rate (SOFR) plus 110 basis points. Loans bearing an interest rate determined by reference to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the Adjusted Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR), or the Adjusted (Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate (TIBOR) (each as defined in the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement) will bear interest based on screen rate plus a spread of 162.5 to 200.0 basis points, depending on our leverage ratio. Based on our leverage ratio as of March 31, 2023, the spread was 175.0 basis points.
In addition to interest payable on the principal amount of indebtedness outstanding, we incur an annual fee of 25 to 35 basis points (based upon our leverage ratio), paid quarterly, of the unused amount of the lenders’ commitments under the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement.
The Fifth Amended Credit Agree ment contains customary representations and warranties, covenants, mandatory prepayments and events of default under which the Company’s payment obligations may be accelerated. The financial covenants include a requirement to maintain (1) a total net leverage ratio of no more than 3.25 to 1.00, subject to a one-time election to increase the maximum total net leverage ratio to 3.75 to 1.00 for one fiscal year in connection with a permitted acquisition, and (2) an interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00. We are permitted to net up to $50.0 million of unrestricted domestic cash and cash equivalents in the calculation of the total net leverage ratio. The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement generally permits us to pay cash dividends to our shareholders, provided that (i) no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the dividend payment and (ii) our total net leverage ratio did not exceed 2.75 to 1.00. If our total net leverage ratio exceeded 2.75 to 1.00, we may nonetheless make up to $20.0 million in restricted payments, including cash dividends, during the fiscal year, provided that no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the
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payments. Our total net leverage ratio did not exceed 2.75 to 1.00 and our interest coverage ratio was greater than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2023.
There were no borrowings under the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and there were no borrowings under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2022. We are not required to make any quarterly principal payments under the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement, and we were not required to make any quarterly principal payments under the Fourth Amended Credit Agreement. We made a $25.0 million of discretionary principal payment for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and no discretionary principal payments for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
We had $190.0 million outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2023, and $215.0 million as of December 31, 2022. We had $2.4 million and $0.9 million of outstanding line of credit issuance costs as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which will be amortized over the life of the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement.
Note 10 - Leases
Finance Leases
Amortization expense related to our finance lease right-of-use assets, which is primarily included in the “Cost of sales” line item of the condensed consolidated statements of operations, was immaterial for each of the three-month period ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Interest expense related to our finance lease obligations, which is included in the “Interest expense, net” line item of the condensed consolidated statements of operations, was immaterial for each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Operating Leases
We have operating leases primarily related to building space and vehicles. Renewal options are included in the lease term to the extent we are reasonably certain to exercise the option. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. We account for lease components separately from non-lease components. The incremental borrowing rate represents our ability to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar lease term.
Our expenses and payments for operating leases were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Operating leases expense | $ | 991 |  |  | $ | 692 |  |  |  |  |
Short-term leases expense | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  |  |  |
Payments on operating lease obligations | $ | 807 |  |  | $ | 869 |  |  |  |  |

Lease Balances in Statements of Financial Position
Our assets and liabilities balances related to finance and operating leases reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of financial position were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) | Location in Statements of Financial Position | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Finance lease right-of-use assets | Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | Other long-term assets | $ | 13,219 |  |  | $ | 13,013 |
Finance lease obligations, current portion | Finance lease obligations, current portion | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 498 |
Finance lease obligations, non-current portion | Finance lease obligations, non-current portion | $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 1,295 |
Total finance lease obligations |  | $ | 1,703 |  |  | $ | 1,793 |
Operating lease obligations, current portion | Other accrued liabilities | $ | 3,175 |  |  | $ | 2,842 |
Operating lease obligations, non-current portion | Other long-term liabilities | $ | 10,633 |  |  | $ | 10,689 |
Total operating lease obligations |  | $ | 13,808 |  |  | $ | 13,531 |

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Net Future Minimum Lease Payments
The following table includes future minimum lease payments under finance and operating leases together with the present value of the net future minimum lease payments as of March 31, 2023:

| Finance |  | Operating
(Dollars in thousands) | Leases Signed |  | Less: Leases Not Yet Commenced |  | Leases in Effect |  | Leases Signed |  | Less: Leases Not Yet Commenced |  | Leases in Effect
2023 | 353 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 346 |  |  | 2,953 |  |  | (87) |  |  | 2,866 |
2024 | 416 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 407 |  |  | 3,082 |  |  | (194) |  |  | 2,888 |
2025 | 416 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 406 |  |  | 2,651 |  |  | (178) |  |  | 2,473 |
2026 | 409 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 399 |  |  | 2,216 |  |  | (111) |  |  | 2,105 |
2027 | 199 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 189 |  |  | 1,371 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 1,365 |
Thereafter | 149 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 147 |  |  | 4,718 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,718 |
Total lease payments | 1,942 |  |  | (48) |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | 16,991 |  |  | (576) |  |  | 16,415 |
Less: Interest | (197) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (191) |  |  | (2,647) |  |  | 40 |  |  | (2,607) |
Present Value of Net Future Minimum Lease Payments | 1,745 |  |  | (42) |  |  | 1,703 |  |  | 14,344 |  |  | (536) |  |  | 13,808 |

The following table includes information regarding the lease term and discount rates utilized in the calculation of the present value of net future minimum lease payments:

| Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term | 4.5 years |  | 6.3 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate | 5.55% |  | 4.97%

Note 11 – Pension Benefits and Other Postretirement Benefits
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
As of March 31, 2023, we had one qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, the Rogers Corporation Employees’ Pension Plan (the Union Plan), which was frozen and ceased accruing benefits in 2013. Additionally, we sponsor other postretirement benefit plans, including multiple fully insured or self-funded medical plans and life insurance plans for certain retirees. The measurement date for all plans is December 31 st for each respective plan year.
Components of Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost
The components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost were as follows:

| Pension Benefits |  |  |  |  |  | Other Postretirement Benefits |  |  |  |
| Three Months Ended |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, |  |  |  | March 31, |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | 268 |  |  | 191 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |
Expected return of plan assets | (356) |  |  | (340) |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net loss (gain) | 122 |  |  | 111 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  |  |  |

Employer Contributions
There were no required or voluntary contributions made to the Union Plan for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Additionally, we are not required to make additional contributions to the Union Plan for the remainder of 2023.
As there is no funding requirement for the other postretirement benefit plans, we funded these benefit payments as incurred, which were immaterial for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, using cash from operations.
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Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
We are currently engaged in the following material environmental and legal proceedings:
Voluntary Corrective Action Program
Our location in Rogers, Connecticut is part of the Connecticut Voluntary Corrective Action Program (VCAP). As part of this program, we partnered with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) to determine the corrective actions to be taken at the site related to contamination issues. We evaluated this matter and completed internal due diligence work related to the site in the fourth quarter of 2015. Remediation activities on the site are ongoing and are recorded as reductions to the accrual as they are incurred. We incurred $2.0 million of aggregate remediation costs through March 31, 2023, and the accrual for future remediation efforts is $0.7 million.
Asbestos
Overview
We, like many other industrial companies, have been named as a defendant in a number of lawsuits filed in courts across the country by persons alleging personal injury from exposure to products containing asbestos. We have never mined, milled, manufactured or marketed asbestos; rather, we made and provided to industrial users a limited number of products that contained encapsulated asbestos, but we stopped manufacturing these products in the late 1980s. Most of the claims filed against us involve numerous defendants, sometimes as many as several hundred.
The following table summarizes the change in number of asbestos claims outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

| Asbestos Claims
Claims outstanding as of January 1, 2023 | 537 |
New claims filed | 39 |
Pending claims concluded(1) | 18 |
Claims outstanding as of March 31, 2023 | 594 |

(1) For the three months ended March 31, 2023, 17 claims were dismissed and 1 claim was settled. Settlements were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Impact on Financial Statements
We recognize a liability for asbestos-related contingencies that are probable of occurrence and reasonably estimable. In connection with the recognition of liabilities for asbestos-related matters, we record asbestos-related insurance receivables that are deemed probable.
The liability projection period covers all current and future indemnity and defense costs through 2064, which represents the expected end of our asbestos liability exposure with no further ongoing claims expected beyond that date. This conclusion was based on our history and experience with the claims data, the diminished volatility and consistency of observable claims data, the period of time that has elapsed since we stopped manufacturing products that contained encapsulated asbestos and an expected downward trend in claims due to the average age of our claimants, which is approaching the average life expectancy.
To date, the indemnity and defense costs of our asbestos-related product liability litigation have been substantially covered by insurance. Although we have exhausted coverage under some of our insurance policies, we believe that we have applicable primary, excess and/or umbrella coverage for claims arising with respect to most of the years during which we manufactured and marketed asbestos-containing products. In addition, we have entered into a cost sharing agreement with most of our primary, excess and umbrella insurance carriers to facilitate the ongoing administration and payment of claims covered by the carriers. The cost sharing agreement may be terminated by any party, but will continue until a party elects to terminate it. As of the filing date for this report, the agreement has not been terminated, and no carrier had informed us that it intends to terminate the agreement. We expect to continue to exhaust individual primary, excess and umbrella coverages over time, and there is no assurance that such exhaustion will not accelerate due to additional claims, damages and settlements or that coverage will be available as expected. We are responsible for uninsured indemnity and defense costs, and we incurred an immaterial amount of expenses for each of the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to such costs.
The amounts recorded for the asbestos-related liability and the related insurance receivables are based on facts known at the time and a number of assumptions. However, projecting for future events, such as the number of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of such claims, the length of time it takes to dispose of such claims, coverage issues among insurers and the continuing solvency of various insurance companies, as well as the numerous uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation in the United States, could cause the actual liability and insurance recoveries for us to be higher or lower than those projected or recorded.
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Changes recorded in the estimated liability and estimated insurance recovery based on projections of asbestos litigation and corresponding insurance coverage, result in the recognition of expense or income.
Our projected asbestos-related liabilities and insurance receivables were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Asbestos-related liabilities | $ | 64,964 |  |  | $ | 65,033 |
Asbestos-related insurance receivables | $ | 59,807 |  |  | $ | 59,807 |

General
In addition to the above issues, the nature and scope of our business brings us in regular contact with the general public and a variety of businesses and government agencies. Such activities inherently subject us to the possibility of litigation, including environmental and product liability matters that are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. We have established accruals for matters for which management considers a loss to be probable and reasonably estimable. It is the opinion of management that facts known at the present time do not indicate that such litigation will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Note 13 – Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 3.5% and 18.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease from the first quarter of 2022 was primarily due to the increase in the current quarter valuation allowance attributable to loss jurisdictions in which no benefit is anticipated to be realized, as well as the decrease in the excess tax benefits associated with stock compensation windfalls.
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2023 was $9.0 million, of which $7.8 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. Additionally, the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2023 also included $1.1 million of tax benefits that, if recognized, would result in adjustments to other tax accounts, primarily deferred taxes.
We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits through income tax expense. As of March 31, 2023, we had $1.4 million accrued for the payment of interest.
We are subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. Our tax years from 2018 through 2022 are subject to examination by the tax authorities. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign examinations by tax authorities for the years before 2018.
Note 14 – Operating Segment Information
Our reporting structure is comprised of the following strategic operating segments: AES and EMS. The remaining operations, which represent our non-core businesses, are reported in the Other operating segment.
Our AES operating segment designs, develops, manufactures and sells circuit materials, ceramic substrate materials, busbars and cooling solutions for applications in electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEV), automotive (i.e., advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)), aerospace and defense (i.e., antenna systems, communication systems and phased array radar systems), renewable energy (i.e., wind and solar), wireless infrastructure (i.e., power amplifiers, antennas and small cells), mass transit, industrial (variable frequency drives), connected devices (i.e., mobile internet devices and thermal solutions) and wired infrastructure (i.e., computing and internet protocol (IP) infrastructure) markets.
Our EMS operating segment designs, develops, manufactures and sells engineered material solutions for a wide variety of applications and markets. These include polyurethane and silicone materials used in cushioning, gasketing and sealing, and vibration management applications for EV/HEV, general industrial, portable electronics, automotive, mass transit, aerospace and defense and footwear and impact mitigation markets; customized silicones used in flex heater and semiconductor thermal applications for EV/HEV, general industrial, portable electronics, automotive, mass transit, aerospace and defense and medical markets; and polytetrafluoroethylene and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene materials used in wire and cable protection, electrical insulation, conduction and shielding, hose and belt protection, vibration management, cushioning, gasketing and sealing, and venting applications for EV/HEV, general industrial, automotive and aerospace and defense markets.
Our Other operating segment consists of elastomer components for applications in the general industrial market, as well as elastomer floats for level sensing in fuel tanks, motors, and storage tanks applications in the general industrial and automotive markets.
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The following table presents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers and other pertinent financial information, for the periods indicated; inter-segment sales have been eliminated from the net sales data:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Advanced Electronics Solutions |  | Elastomeric Material Solutions |  | Other |  | Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales - recognized over time |  | $ | 62,419 |  |  | $ | 8,966 |  |  | $ | 3,911 |  |  | $ | 75,296 |
Net sales - recognized at a point in time |  | 73,449 |  |  | 93,275 |  |  | 1,827 |  |  | 168,551 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 135,868 |  |  | $ | 102,241 |  |  | $ | 5,738 |  |  | $ | 243,847 |
Operating income |  | $ | (5,509) |  |  | $ | 3,217 |  |  | $ | 2,040 |  |  | $ | (252) |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales - recognized over time |  | $ | 70,486 |  |  | $ | 3,046 |  |  | $ | 4,373 |  |  | $ | 77,905 |
Net sales - recognized at a point in time |  | 62,667 |  |  | 107,194 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 170,361 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 133,153 |  |  | $ | 110,240 |  |  | $ | 4,873 |  |  | $ | 248,266 |
Operating income |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | 16,997 |  |  | $ | 1,590 |  |  | $ | 19,891 |

Net sales by operating segment and by geographic area were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Net Sales(1)
Region/Country |  | Advanced Electronics Solutions |  | Elastomeric Material Solutions |  | Other |  | Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 21,549 |  |  | $ | 41,869 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 64,549 |
Other Americas |  | 2,301 |  |  | 9,256 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 11,688 |
Total Americas |  | 23,850 |  |  | 51,125 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 76,237 |
China |  | 38,436 |  |  | 20,175 |  |  | 2,399 |  |  | 61,010 |
Other APAC |  | 24,837 |  |  | 6,995 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 32,354 |
Total APAC |  | 63,273 |  |  | 27,170 |  |  | 2,921 |  |  | 93,364 |
Germany |  | 24,001 |  |  | 8,034 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 32,178 |
Other EMEA |  | 24,744 |  |  | 15,912 |  |  | 1,412 |  |  | 42,068 |
Total EMEA |  | 48,745 |  |  | 23,946 |  |  | 1,555 |  |  | 74,246 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 135,868 |  |  | $ | 102,241 |  |  | $ | 5,738 |  |  | $ | 243,847 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 29,207 |  |  | $ | 45,389 |  |  | $ | 843 |  |  | $ | 75,439 |
Other Americas |  | 973 |  |  | 2,587 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 3,728 |
Total Americas |  | 30,180 |  |  | 47,976 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 79,167 |
China |  | 36,079 |  |  | 30,987 |  |  | 1,814 |  |  | 68,880 |
Other APAC |  | 20,097 |  |  | 6,716 |  |  | 508 |  |  | 27,321 |
Total APAC |  | 56,176 |  |  | 37,703 |  |  | 2,322 |  |  | 96,201 |
Germany |  | 20,553 |  |  | 8,738 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 29,561 |
Other EMEA |  | 26,244 |  |  | 15,823 |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 43,337 |
Total EMEA |  | 46,797 |  |  | 24,561 |  |  | 1,540 |  |  | 72,898 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 133,153 |  |  | $ | 110,240 |  |  | $ | 4,873 |  |  | $ | 248,266 |

(1)Net sales are allocated to countries based on the location of the customer. The table above lists individual countries with 10% or more of net sales for the periods indicated.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We have contract assets primarily related to unbilled revenue for revenue recognized related to products that are deemed to have no alternative use whereby we have the right to payment. Revenue is recognized in advance of billing to the customer in these circumstances as billing is typically performed at the time of shipment to the customer. The unbilled revenue is included in contract assets on the condensed consolidated statements of financial position.
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Contract assets by operating segment were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Advanced Electronics Solutions | 37,862 |  |  | $ | 33,736 |
Elastomeric Material Solutions | 5,409 |  |  | 1,584 |
Other | 3,475 |  |  | 3,533 |
Total contract assets | 46,746 |  |  | $ | 38,853 |

We did not have any contract liabilities as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. No impairment losses were recognized for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, on any receivables or contract assets arising from our contracts with customers.
Note 15 – Supplemental Financial Information
Restructuring and Impairment Charges
The components of “Restructuring and impairment charges” line item in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, which contains restructuring charges and related expenses, as well as impairment charges, were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Restructuring charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing footprint optimization | $ | — |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |  |
Global workforce reduction | 7,028 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Facility consolidations | 3,473 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total restructuring charges | 10,501 |  |  | 69 |  |  |  |  |
Total restructuring and impairment charges | $ | 10,501 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |  |

Allocation of Restructuring and Impairment Charges to Operating Segments
The following table summarizes the allocation of restructuring and impairment charges to our operating segments:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Advanced Electronics Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocated restructuring charges | $ | 5,446 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |  |
Elastomeric Material Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocated restructuring charges | 5,055 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total restructuring and impairment charges | $ | 10,501 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |  |

Restructuring Charges - Global Workforce Reduction
On February 16, 2023, we announced a reduction in force plan of our global workforce that is expected to be completed in the first half of 2023. The plan is expected to significantly reduce our manufacturing costs and operating expenses. We estimate that we will incur approximately $7.5 million to $8.5 million in pre-tax restructuring charges related to this plan, all of which are expected to be in the form of cash-based expenditures and substantially all of which are expected to be related to employee severance and other termination benefits.

(Dollars in thousands) | Global Workforce Reduction Restructuring Severance and Related Benefits
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | — |
Provisions | 6,996 |
Payments | (2,368) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 61 |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | 4,689 |

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Restructuring Charges - Facility Consolidations
In late 2022 and early 2023, we announced our intention to exit certain facilities in the U.S. and Asia. The plan is expected to significantly reduce our manufacturing costs and operating expenses. We estimate that we will incur approximately $5.5 million to $6.5 million in pre-tax restructuring charges related to these facility consolidations, most of which are expected to be in the form of accelerated depreciation.
As part of our facility consolidations plan, on February 17, 2023, we entered into an asset purchase agreement to sell our high-performance engineered cellular elastomer business in our EMS operating segment for a purchase price of $1.8 million. The first phase of the deal, which pertained to the net assets other than the land and building, was completed in late March 2023, while the second phase, which pertains to the sale of the land and building, is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2023. Of the $1.8 million purchase price, $1.0 million and $0.8 million was allocated to the first and second phases of the deal, respectively. First phase of the deal included $3.7 million in assets and $3.1 million in liabilities. The assets were primarily comprised of accounts receivable, contract assets and inventories, while the liabilities primarily comprised of accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, along with the previously recognized accrual against the net assets of the business based on the estimated fair value of the business in December 2022. We incurred $1.2 million of selling costs in the first quarter of 2023, which were recorded in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net
The components of “Other operating (income) expense, net” line item in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
UTIS fire |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory charges | — |  |  | 201 |  |  |  |  |
Professional services | 263 |  |  | 434 |  |  |  |  |
Lease obligations | — |  |  | 232 |  |  |  |  |
Compensation & benefits | — |  |  | 796 |  |  |  |  |
Other | — |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |
Insurance recoveries | (500) |  |  | (2,190) |  |  |  |  |
Total UTIS fire | (237) |  |  | (516) |  |  |  |  |
(Gain) loss on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment | 18 |  |  | (15) |  |  |  |  |
Total other operating (income) expense, net | $ | (219) |  |  | $ | (531) |  |  |  |  |

In early February 2021, there was a fire at our UTIS manufacturing facility in Ansan, South Korea, which manufactures eSorba® polyurethane foams used in portable electronics and display applications. The site was safely evacuated and there were no reported injuries; however, there was extensive damage to the manufacturing site and some damage to nearby property. Commercial production at our new location in Siheung, South Korea commenced in late January 2023.
In connection with the UTIS fire, we recognized insurance recoveries of $0.5 million related to our ongoing insurance claims for business interruption and property damage for the three months ended March 31, 2023. We incurred $0.3 million for various professional services for the three months ended March 31, 2023, in connection with the pursuit of our insurance claims.
In connection with the UTIS fire, we recognized insurance recoveries of $2.2 million related to our ongoing insurance claim for property damage and compensation and benefits of hourly employees for the three months ended March 31, 2022. We incurred $0.4 million for various professional services for the three months ended March 31, 2022, in connection with the assessment of the fire and the efforts to rebuild and resume operations. Further, we incurred $0.8 million for compensation and benefits for UTIS manufacturing employees subsequent to the fire for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
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Interest Expense, Net
The components of “Interest expense, net” line item in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Interest on revolving credit facility | $ | (3,380) |  |  | $ | (839) |  |  |  |  |
Line of credit fees | (302) |  |  | (138) |  |  |  |  |
Debt issuance amortization costs | (282) |  |  | (179) |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 505 |  |  | 108 |  |  |  |  |
Other | (3) |  |  | (21) |  |  |  |  |
Total interest expense, net | $ | (3,462) |  |  | $ | (1,069) |  |  |  |  |

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Position
As used herein, the “Company,” “Rogers,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms include Rogers Corporation and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Such statements are generally accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “foresee,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “seek,” “target” or similar expressions that convey uncertainty as to future events or outcomes. Forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and beliefs that we believe to be reasonable; however, assumed facts almost always vary from actual results, and the differences between assumed facts and actual results could be material depending upon the circumstances. Where we express an expectation or belief as to future results, that expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and based on assumptions believed to have a reasonable basis. We cannot assure you, however, that the stated expectation or belief will occur or be achieved or accomplished. Among the factors that could cause our results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements are risks and uncertainties inherent in our business including, without limitation:
•the duration and impacts of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic and efforts to contain its transmission and distribute vaccines, including the effect of these factors on our business, suppliers, supply chains, customers, end users and economic conditions generally;
•failure to capitalize on, volatility within, or other adverse changes with respect to the Company’s growth drivers, including advanced mobility and advanced connectivity, such as delays in adoption or implementation of new technologies;
•failure to successfully execute on the Company’s long-term growth strategy as a standalone company;
•uncertain business, economic and political conditions in the United States (U.S.) and abroad, particularly in China, Germany, Belgium, England, South Korea and Hungary where we maintain significant manufacturing, sales or administrative operations;
•the trade policy dynamics between the U.S. and China reflected in trade agreement negotiations, the imposition of tariffs and other trade restrictions, as well as the potential for U.S.-China supply chain decoupling;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•our ability to develop innovative products and the extent to which they are incorporated into end-user products and systems;
•the extent to which end-user products and systems incorporating our products achieve commercial success;
•the ability and willingness of our sole or limited source suppliers to deliver certain key raw materials, including commodities, to us in a timely and cost-effective manner;
•intense global competition affecting both our existing products and products currently under development;
•business interruptions due to catastrophes or other similar events, such as natural disasters, war, terrorism or public health crises;
•the impact of sanctions, export controls and other foreign asset or investment restriction;
•failure to realize, or delays in the realization of, anticipated benefits of acquisitions and divestitures due to, among other things, the existence of unknown liabilities or difficulty integrating acquired businesses;
•our ability to attract and retain management and skilled technical personnel;
•our ability to protect our proprietary technology from infringement by third parties and/or allegations that our technology infringes third party rights;
•changes in effective tax rates or tax laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate;
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•failure to comply with financial and restrictive covenants in our credit agreement or restrictions on our operational and financial flexibility due to such covenants;
•the outcome of ongoing and future litigation, including our asbestos-related product liability litigation;
•changes in environmental laws and regulations applicable to our business;
•disruptions in, or breaches of, our information technology systems; and
•our terminated merger with DuPont de Nemours, Inc. (DuPont), which may cause us to incur substantial costs that may adversely affect our financial results and operations and the market price of our capital stock, including as a result of litigation.
Our forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements, which you should consider carefully, along with the risks discussed in this section and elsewhere in this report, including under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the Annual Report) and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, any of which could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or anticipated results. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this Form 10-Q along with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto in our Annual Report.
Company Background and Strategy
Rogers Corporation designs, develops, manufactures and sells high-performance and high-reliability engineered materials and components to meet our customers’ demanding challenges. We operate two strategic operating segments: Advanced Electronics Solutions (AES) and Elastomeric Material Solutions (EMS). The remaining operations, which represent our non-core businesses, are reported in our Other operating segment. We have a history of innovation and have established Innovation Centers for our research and development (R&D) activities in Chandler, Arizona; Burlington, Massachusetts; Eschenbach, Germany; and Suzhou, China. We are headquartered in Chandler, Arizona.
Our growth and profitability strategy is based upon the following principles: (1) market-driven organization, (2) innovation leadership, (3) synergistic mergers and acquisitions, and (4) operational excellence. Our priorities in executing this strategy are focused on driving near-term improvements to profitability and improving the growth outlook for the Company over the next several years by further strengthening our focus on commercial activities, expanding capacity to meet customer demand and driving innovation.
As a market-driven organization, we are focused on capitalizing on growth opportunities in the increasing electrification of vehicles, including electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEV), and increasing use of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in the automotive industry, the advancement of communication systems in aerospace and defense, the growth of 5G smartphones in the portable electronics industry and in renewable energy. In addition to our focus on these markets, we sell into a variety of other markets including general industrial, wireless infrastructure and mass transit.
Our growth strategy is based on addressing trends in these markets and applying our repeatable customer engagement process. Our sales engineers and technical service employees work closely with our customers to understand their complex challenges. They then leverage our innovation and technology capabilities and deep applications expertise to provide unique solutions to customers’ challenges. In addition to these capabilities, our strategy for success as a manufacturer of engineered materials and components is also built on our reputation for high performance and reliability solutions, trusted customer relationships, a broad product portfolio and custom design capabilities. Through this strategy we expect to be able to drive further commercial wins, which provide the potential for higher growth in the future. We have also expanded our capabilities through organic investment and acquisitions and strive to ensure high quality solutions for our customers.
Our operational excellence efforts are focused on driving significant near-term improvement in our profitability. These efforts include focusing on adding strategic new hires and improving processes and tools to achieve better performance. We have also taken specific cost improvement actions in the fourth quarter of 2022 and first quarter of 2023 that will benefit subsequent quarters. These actions include optimizing our manufacturing footprint, divesting non-core product lines and reduction to manufacturing and corporate employees. We continue to review and re-align our manufacturing and engineering footprint in an effort to maintain a leading competitive position globally and to support our customers’ growth initiatives.
We seek to enhance our operational and financial performance by investing in research and development, manufacturing and materials efficiencies, and new product initiatives that respond to the needs of our customers. We strive to evaluate operational and strategic alternatives to improve our business structure and align our business with the changing needs of our customers and major industry trends affecting our business.
If we are able to successfully execute on our strategy, we see an opportunity to return to historical levels of profitability and accelerate revenue growth, relative to 2022, over the next several years, led by organic growth and complemented by targeted
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acquisitions. This outlook is supported by our participation in a number of fast-growing markets and by our strong competitive positions in these markets. The fastest growing market opportunity is expected to be EV/HEV where third-party analysis projects that the market will grow at compound annual growth rate of between 20% and 25% over the next several years. Within the EV/HEV market, we believe our advanced battery cell pads, ceramic substrates and power interconnects provide multiple content opportunities to capitalize on this growth. In each of these areas we have secured a number of design wins and have a strong opportunity pipeline, which provides confidence in our growth outlook. Other markets with a strong growth trajectory include ADAS, aerospace and defense, portable electronics and renewable energy. Each of these markets is expected to contribute to our growth.
Terminated Merger with DuPont
On November 1, 2021, we entered into a definitive merger agreement to be acquired by DuPont de Nemours, Inc. (DuPont) in an all-cash transaction at a price of $277.00 per share of the Company’s capital stock. The merger agreement provided for the acquisition of Rogers Corporation by DuPont through the merger of Cardinalis Merger Sub, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of DuPont, with and into Rogers Corporation, with Rogers Corporation surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of DuPont. Company shareholders approved the merger agreement at a special shareholder meeting held on January 25, 2022. The merger agreement provided both Rogers Corporation and DuPont with a right to terminate the merger agreement if the merger had not closed on or before November 1, 2022. Consummation of the merger was subject to various customary closing conditions, including regulatory approval by the State Administration for Market Regulation of China (SAMR). As of November 1, 2022, the parties had not received regulatory approval from SAMR. On November 1, 2022, the Company received from DuPont a notice of termination of the merger agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, the Company received a regulatory termination fee from DuPont in the amount of $162.5 million, before taxes, and incurred a transaction-related fee of $20.4 million.
COVID-19 Update
The global COVID-19 pandemic has affected and continues to affect Rogers’ business, operations and demand from customers. Surges in COVID-19 cases in China during 2022 resulted in lockdowns as well as various restrictions. These measures have not disrupted our manufacturing efforts, however, they have caused logistics challenges. Even since China ended its zero COVID policy in late 2022, although a significant percentage of our employees in Suzhou, China were diagnosed with COVID, our manufacturing has not been materially disrupted and to date we have received no reports of permanent disability or death among our employees. We expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a continuing but uncertain impact on our business and operations in the short- and medium-term.
Due to the above circumstances and as described generally in this Form 10-Q, our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Executive Summary
The following key highlights and factors should be considered when reviewing our results of operations, financial position and liquidity:
•In the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the first quarter of 2022, our net sales decreased approximately 1.8% to $243.8 million, our gross margin decreased approximately 170 basis points to 32.7% from 34.4%, and we had an operating loss of 0.1% compared to operating income of 8.0%, an approximately 810 basis points decrease.
•We made a $25.0 million discretionary principal payment on our revolving credit facility at the end of the first quarter of 2023.
•We recognized restructuring charges of $10.5 million in the first quarter of 2023 related to the previously announced reduction in force plan of our global workforce and facility consolidation plans that are expected to be completed in the first half of 2023.
•On February 17, 2023, we entered into an asset purchase agreement to sell our high-performance engineered cellular elastomer business for a purchase price of $1.8 million. The first phase of the deal was completed in late March 2023, while the second phase is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2023. The second phase of the deal pertains to the sale of the land and building to the buyer of the high-performance engineered cellular elastomer business.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, selected operations data expressed as a percentage of net sales:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Net sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |
Gross margin | 32.7 | % |  | 34.4 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 24.6 | % |  | 23.2 | % |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | 3.9 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  |  |  |
Restructuring and impairment charges | 4.3 | % |  | — | % |  |  |  |
Other operating (income) expense, net | — | % |  | (0.1) | % |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | (0.1) | % |  | 8.0 | % |  |  |  |
Equity income in unconsolidated joint ventures | — | % |  | 0.5 | % |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | — | % |  | 0.1 | % |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (1.4) | % |  | (0.4) | % |  |  |  |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (1.5) | % |  | 8.2 | % |  |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (0.1) | % |  | 1.5 | % |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | (1.4) | % |  | 6.7 | % |  |  |  |

Net Sales and Gross Margin
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 243,847 |  |  | $ | 248,266 |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | $ | 79,701 |  |  | $ | 85,394 |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of net sales | 32.7 | % |  | 34.4 | % |  |  |  |

Net sales decreased by 1.8% in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. Our AES and EMS operating segments had a net sales increase of 2.0% and a net sales decrease of 7.3%, respectively. The decrease in net sales was primarily due to lower net sales in the wireless infrastructure market in our AES operating segment and lower net sales in the EV/HEV, portable electronics and general industrial markets in our EMS operating segment. The decrease was partially offset by higher net sales in the EV/HEV and renewable energy markets in our AES operating segment and higher net sales in the mass transit market in our EMS operating segment. Net sales were unfavorably impacted by foreign currency impacts of $7.4 million, or 3.0%, due to the depreciation in value of the euro, the Chinese renminbi and the British pound relative to the U.S. dollar.
Gross margin as a percentage of net sales decreased approximately 170 basis points to 32.7% in the first quarter of 2023 compared to 34.4% in the first quarter of 2022. Gross margin in the first quarter of 2023 was unfavorably impacted by lower volume and unfavorable mix, as well as higher inventory reserves provisions in our AES and EMS operating segments, as well as unfavorable factory utilization and unfavorable yield performance in our EMS operating segment. This was partially offset by lower freight, duties and tariffs costs in our AES and EMS operating segments, as well as favorable yield performance in our AES operating segment.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 60,085 |  |  | $ | 57,705 |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of net sales | 24.6 | % |  | 23.2 | % |  |  |  |

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Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased 4.1% in the first quarter of 2023 from the first quarter of 2022, primarily due to a $8.3 million increase in professional services, a $0.9 million increase in fixed asset depreciation expense and $0.4 million in travel expenses, partially offset by a $7.9 million decrease in total compensation and benefits and a $1.0 million decrease in other intangible asset amortization expense.
The decrease in total compensation and benefits was primarily due to the $6.5 million discretionary RESIP contribution in 2022 and a $0.9 million decrease in the impact for retention awards issued in connection with the terminated DuPont merger, on a quarter-to-date basis. The increase in professional services expense is primarily due to $7.6 million of expenses related to non-routine shareholder advisory costs and $1.0 million of expenses in connection with the sale of our high-performance engineered cellular elastomer business, partially offset by a $2.8 million decrease in expenses incurred related to the terminated merger with DuPont and $0.4 million decrease in expenses incurred related to our acquisition of Silicone Engineering, on a quarter-to-date basis.

Research and Development Expenses
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses | $ | 9,586 |  |  | $ | 8,260 |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of net sales | 3.9 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  |  |  |

R&D expenses increased 16.1% in the first quarter of 2023 from the first quarter of 2022 due to increases in trial costs for alternative raw materials and total compensation and benefits expense.

Restructuring and Impairment Charges and Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Restructuring and impairment charges | $ | 10,501 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |  |
Other operating (income) expense, net | $ | (219) |  |  | $ | (531) |  |  |  |  |

We incurred restructuring charges and related expenses associated with the announced reduction in force plan of our global workforce along with certain facility consolidation efforts, which are expected to be completed in the first half of 2023. The plans are expected to significantly reduce our manufacturing costs and operating expenses. We recognized restructuring charges and related expenses pertaining to these restructuring projects of $10.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. For additional information, refer to “ Note 15 – Supplemental Financial Information” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
With respect to other operating (income) expense, net, we recognized income of $0.2 million and expense of $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively. The impact in the first quarter of 2022 primarily consisted of insurance recoveries, partially offset by professional service costs, compensation and benefits for certain of our UTIS employees, costs incurred under our manufacturing facility lease agreement and inventory charges. For additional information, refer to “ Note 15 – Supplemental Financial Information” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Equity Income in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Equity income in unconsolidated joint ventures | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 1,275 |  |  |  |  |

As of March 31, 2023, we had two unconsolidated joint ventures, each 50% owned: Rogers INOAC Corporation (RIC) and Rogers INOAC Suzhou Corporation (RIS). Equity income in those unconsolidated joint ventures decreased 94.0% in the first quarter of 2023 from the first quarter of 2022. On a quarter-to-date basis, the decrease was due to lower net sales and unfavorable productivity performance for RIC and RIS.

Other Income (Expense), Net
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  |  |  |

Other income (expense), net decreased to income of less than $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2023 from expense of $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2022. On a quarter-to-date basis, the decrease was due to the unfavorable impacts from our foreign currency transactions and the unfavorable impacts from our copper derivative contracts, partially offset by favorable impacts from our foreign currency derivatives.
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Interest Expense, Net
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | (3,462) |  |  | $ | (1,069) |  |  |  |  |

Interest expense, net, increased by $2.4 million in the first quarter of 2023 from the first quarter of 2022. The increase on quarter-to-date basis was primarily due to a higher weighted-average interest rate, as well as a higher weighted-average borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

Income Taxes
| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | (128) |  |  | $ | 3,764 |  |  |  |  |
Effective tax rate | 3.5 | % |  | 18.5 | % |  |  |  |

Our effective income tax rate was 3.5% and 18.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease from the first quarter of 2022 was primarily due to the increase in the current quarter valuation allowance attributable to loss jurisdictions in which no benefit is anticipated to be realized, as well as the decrease in the excess tax benefits associated with stock compensation windfalls.
Operating Segment Net Sales and Operating Income
Advanced Electronics Solutions

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 135,868 |  |  | $ | 133,153 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | $ | (5,509) |  |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  |  |  |

AES net sales increased by 2.0% in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. The increase in net sales over the first quarter of 2022 was primarily driven by higher net sales in the EV/HEV and renewable energy markets, partially offset by lower net sales in the wireless market. Net sales were unfavorably impacted by foreign currency fluctuations of $4.3 million, or 3.3%, due to the depreciation in value of the euro and the Chinese renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar.
We recognized operating loss of $5.5 million in the first quarter of 2023 compared to operating income of $1.3 million in the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to unfavorable year-over-year changes in restructuring charges and shared service operating expense allocations driven by non-routine shareholder advisory costs, partially offset by a year-over-year decrease in costs related to the terminated DuPont merger. The decrease in operating income was also due to lower volume and unfavorable mix, as well as a higher inventory reserves provision. This was partially offset by lower freight, duties and tariffs costs. As a percentage of net sales, the operating loss in the first quarter of 2023 was 4.1% compared to 1.0% of operating income reported in the first quarter of 2022.
Elastomeric Material Solutions

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 102,241 |  |  | $ | 110,240 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | $ | 3,217 |  |  | $ | 16,997 |  |  |  |  |

EMS net sales decreased by 7.3% in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in net sales over the first quarter of 2022 was primarily driven by lower net sales in the EV/HEV, portable electronics and general industrial markets, partially offset by higher net sales in the mass transit market. Net sales were unfavorably impacted by foreign currency fluctuations of $2.9 million, or 2.6%, due to the depreciation in value of the euro, the Chinese renminbi and the British pound relative to the U.S. dollar.
We recognized operating income of $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2023 compared to operating income of $17.0 million in the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to unfavorable year-over-year changes in restructuring charges and shared service operating expense allocations driven by non-routine shareholder advisory costs, partially offset by a year-over-year decrease in costs related to the terminated DuPont merger. The decrease in operating income was also due to lower volume and unfavorable mix, as well as a higher inventory reserves provision. This was partially offset
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by lower freight, duties and tariffs costs. As a percentage of net sales, operating income in the first quarter of 2023 was 3.1% compared to 15.4% reported in the first quarter of 2022.
Other

| Three Months Ended |  |
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 5,738 |  |  | $ | 4,873 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | $ | 2,040 |  |  | $ | 1,590 |  |  |  |  |

Net sales in this segment increased by 17.8% in the first quarter of 2023 from the first quarter of 2022. Operating income increased 28.3% in the first quarter of 2023 compared to the first quarter of 2022. The increase in operating income was primarily driven by higher volume. As a percentage of net sales, operating income in the first quarter of 2023 was 35.6%, a 300 basis point increase as compared to 32.6% in the first quarter of 2022.
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Financial Position
We believe that our existing sources of liquidity and cash flows that we expect to generate from our operations, together with our available credit facilities, will be sufficient to fund our operations, currently planned capital expenditures, research and development efforts and our debt service commitments, for at least the next 12 months. We regularly review and evaluate the adequacy of our cash flows, borrowing facilities and banking relationships in an effort to ensure that we have the appropriate access to cash to fund both our near-term operating needs and our long-term strategic initiatives.
The following table illustrates the location of our cash and cash equivalents by our three major geographic areas:

(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
United States | $ | 81,437 |  |  | $ | 119,931 |
Europe | 59,186 |  |  | 69,877 |
Asia | 53,101 |  |  | 46,042 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 193,724 |  |  | $ | 235,850 |

Approximately $112.3 million of our cash and cash equivalents were held by non-U.S. subsidiaries as of March 31, 2023. We did not make any changes in the three months ended March 31, 2023 to our position on the permanent reinvestment of our earnings from foreign operations. With the exception of certain of our Chinese subsidiaries, where a substantial portion of our Asia cash and cash equivalents are held, we continue to assert that historical foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested.

(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Key Financial Position Accounts: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 193,724 |  |  | $ | 235,850 |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 174,620 |  |  | $ | 177,413 |
Inventories | $ | 177,089 |  |  | $ | 182,402 |
Borrowings under revolving credit facility | $ | 190,000 |  |  | $ | 215,000 |

Changes in key financial position accounts and other significant changes in our statements of financial position from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 were as follows:
•Cash and cash equivalents were $193.7 million as compared to $235.9 million as of December 31, 2022, a decrease of $42.1 million, or 17.9%. This decrease was primarily due to a $25.0 million discretionary principal payment on our revolving credit facility, $16.4 million in capital expenditures and $2.5 million in tax payments related to net share settlement of equity awards.
•Accounts receivable, net decreased 1.6% to $174.6 million as of March 31, 2023 from $177.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease from year-end was primarily due to a $3.3 million decrease in our income taxes receivable, partially offset by higher net sales at the end of the first quarter of 2023 compared to at the end of 2022.
•Inventories decreased 2.9% to $177.1 million as of March 31, 2023, from $182.4 million as of December 31, 2022, primarily driven by higher inventory reserves provisions.
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•Borrowings under revolving credit facility were $190.0 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to $215.0 million as of December 31, 2022. This decrease was due to a $25.0 million discretionary principal payment on our revolving credit facility made at the end of the first quarter of 2023. For additional information regarding this facility and the Fifth Amended Credit Agreement, refer to “Note 9 – Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

| Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands) | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
Key Cash Flow Measures: |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 1,835 |  |  | $ | (13,723) |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (15,421) |  |  | $ | (25,987) |
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (29,366) |  |  | $ | (9,694) |

In 2023, we expect capital spending to be in the range of approximately $65.0 million to $75.0 million. We plan to fund our capital spending in 2023 with cash from operations and cash on-hand, as well as our existing revolving credit facility, if necessary.
Restrictions on Payment of Dividends
The Fifth Amended Credit Agreement generally permits us to pay cash dividends to our shareholders, provided that (i) no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the dividend payment and (ii) our total net leverage ratio does not exceed 2.75 to 1.00. If our total net leverage ratio exceeds 2.75 to 1.00, we may nonetheless make up to $20.0 million in restricted payments, including cash dividends, during the fiscal year, provided that no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the payments. Our total net leverage ratio did not exceed 2.75 to 1.00 as of March 31, 2023.
Contingencies
During the first quarter of 2023, we did not become aware of any material developments related to environmental matters disclosed in our Annual Report, our asbestos litigation or other material contingencies previously disclosed or incur any material costs or capital expenditures related to such matters. Refer to “Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for further discussion of these contingencies.
Critical Accounting Policies
There were no material changes in our critical accounting policies during the first quarter of 2023.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk during the first quarter of 2023. For discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” contained in our Annual Report.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), as of March 31, 2023. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed (i) to ensure that information required to be disclosed by it in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during its most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Refer to the discussion of certain environmental, asbestos and other litigation matters in “Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 6. Exhibits

List of Exhibits: |
3.1 | Restated Articles of Organization of Rogers Corporation, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3a to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006. |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Rogers Corporation, effective December 7, 2022, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 7, 2022. |
10.1 | Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 24, 2023, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 29, 2023. |
31.1 | Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
31.2 | Certification of Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith. |
32 | Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, furnished herewith. |
101 | The following materials from Rogers Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023 formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and (vii) Cover Page. |
104 | The cover page from Rogers Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101. |

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ROGERS CORPORATION (Registrant)

/s/ Ramakumar Mayampurath |  |
Ramakumar Mayampurath |  |
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |  |
Principal Financial Officer |  |
Dated: April 27, 2023 |  |

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