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N-2 - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019
Cover [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Entity Central Index Key | 0001782524 |  |  |  |  |
Amendment Flag | false |  |  |  |  |
Securities Act File Number | 814-01332 |  |  |  |  |
Document Type | 10-K |  |  |  |  |
Entity Registrant Name | Morgan Stanley Direct Lending Fund |  |  |  |  |
Entity Address, Address Line One | 1585 Broadway |  |  |  |  |
Entity Address, City or Town | New York |  |  |  |  |
Entity Address, State or Province | NY |  |  |  |  |
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 10036 |  |  |  |  |
City Area Code | 212 |  |  |  |  |
Local Phone Number | 761-4000 |  |  |  |  |
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | Yes |  |  |  |  |
Entity Emerging Growth Company | false |  |  |  |  |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities [Table Text Block] | The following is information about the Company's senior securities as of dates indicated in the table below:
Class and Period |  | Total Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Treasury Securities(1) |  | Asset Coverage per Unit(2) |  | Liquidating Preference per Unit(3) |  | Average Market Value per Unit
|  | ($in thousands) |  | ($in thousands) |  |  |  |
2025 Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
2027 Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 425,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 425,000 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 425,000 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
2029 Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 350,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
Truist Credit Facility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 617,401 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 520,263 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 432,254 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 476,000 |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
BNP Funding Facility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 316,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 282,000 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 400,000 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 463,500 |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
CIBC Subscription Facility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 310,350 |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 333,850 |  |  | 1,903 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
(1)Total amount of each class of senior securities outstanding at the end of the period presented. (2)Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the carrying value of our total assets, less all liabilities excluding indebtedness represented by senior securities in this table, to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness and is calculated on a consolidated basis. (3)The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon our involuntary liquidation in preference to any security junior to it. The “ - ” in this column indicates information that the SEC expressly does not require to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities. (4)Not applicable because the senior securities are not registered for public trading on a stock exchange. |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities, Note [Text Block] | SENIOR SECURITIES The following is information about the Company's senior securities as of dates indicated in the table below:
Class and Period |  | Total Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Treasury Securities(1) |  | Asset Coverage per Unit(2) |  | Liquidating Preference per Unit(3) |  | Average Market Value per Unit
|  | ($in thousands) |  | ($in thousands) |  |  |  |
2025 Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 275,000 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
2027 Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 425,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 425,000 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 425,000 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
2029 Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 350,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
Truist Credit Facility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 617,401 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 520,263 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 432,254 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 476,000 |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
BNP Funding Facility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 316,000 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 282,000 |  |  | 2,146 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 400,000 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 463,500 |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
CIBC Subscription Facility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 310,350 |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 333,850 |  |  | 1,903 |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
December 31, 2019 |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A(4)
(1)Total amount of each class of senior securities outstanding at the end of the period presented. (2)Asset coverage per unit is the ratio of the carrying value of our total assets, less all liabilities excluding indebtedness represented by senior securities in this table, to the aggregate amount of senior securities representing indebtedness. Asset coverage per unit is expressed in terms of dollar amounts per $1,000 of indebtedness and is calculated on a consolidated basis. (3)The amount to which such class of senior security would be entitled upon our involuntary liquidation in preference to any security junior to it. The “ - ” in this column indicates information that the SEC expressly does not require to be disclosed for certain types of senior securities. (4)Not applicable because the senior securities are not registered for public trading on a stock exchange. |  |  |  |  |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Effects of Leverage [Text Block] | The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in our securities. The amount of leverage that we employ will be subject to the restrictions of the 1940 Act and the supervision of our Board of Directors. At the time of any proposed borrowing, the amount of leverage we employ will also depend on our Adviser’s assessment of market and other factors. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to us. For example, due to the interplay of the 1940 Act restrictions on principal and joint transactions and the U.S. risk retention rules adopted pursuant to Section 941 of Dodd-Frank, as a BDC we are limited in our ability to enter into any securitization transactions. We cannot assure you that the SEC or any other regulatory authority will modify such regulations or provide administrative guidance that would give us greater flexibility to enter into securitizations. We have in the past and may in the future issue senior debt securities to banks, insurance companies and other lenders. Lenders of these senior securities will have fixed dollar claims on our assets that are superior to the claims of our common stockholders, and we would expect such lenders to seek recovery against our assets in the event of a default. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets, may grant a security interest in all of our assets and may pledge the right to make capital calls of stockholders under the terms of any debt instruments we may enter into with lenders. Under the terms of any credit facility or debt instrument we enter into, we are likely to be required to comply with certain financial and operational covenants. Failure to comply with such covenants could result in a default under the applicable credit facility or debt instrument if we are unable to obtain a waiver from the applicable lender or holder, and such lender or holder could accelerate repayment under such indebtedness and negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, under the terms of any credit facility or other debt instrument we enter into, we are likely to be required by its terms to use the net proceeds of any investments that we sell to repay a portion of the amount borrowed under such facility or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause our net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses or eliminating our equity stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our net investment income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make distributions on our Common Stock or any outstanding preferred stock. Our ability to service our debt depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. Our common stockholders bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of our use of leverage, including interest expenses and any increase in the base management fee payable to the Adviser. As a BDC, we generally are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities, which include our borrowings and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future, which is currently 150%. If this ratio were to decline below 150% (or such other percentage as may be prescribed by law from time to time), we could not incur additional debt and could be required to sell a portion of our investments to repay some debt when it was disadvantageous to do so. This could have a material adverse effect on our operations, and we may not be able to make distributions in amounts sufficient to maintain our status as a RIC, or at all. The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our Common Stock as of December 31, 2024, assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below (amounts in thousands).
|  | Assumed Return on Our Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
|  | (10)% |  | (5)% |  | 0% |  | 5% |  | 10%
Corresponding return to common stockholder assuming actual asset coverage as of December 31, 2024 (1) |  | (28.2)% |  | (17.6)% |  | (7.0)% |  | 3.7% |  | 14.3%
(1) Assumes $3,912,018 in total assets, $1,983,401 in debt outstanding and $1,842,156 in net assets as of December 31, 2024, and an effective weighted average annual interest of 6.46% as of December 31, 2024 (excluding unused fees and financing costs). Based on our outstanding indebtedness of $1,983,401 as of December 31, 2024 and the effective weighted average annual interest rate of 6.46% (excluding unused fees and financing costs), our investment portfolio would have been required to experience an annual return of at least 3.28% to cover annual interest payments on the outstanding debt. |  |  |  |  |
Annual Coverage Return Rate [Percent] | 6.46% |  |  |  |  |
Effects of Leverage [Table Text Block] |
|  | Assumed Return on Our Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
|  | (10)% |  | (5)% |  | 0% |  | 5% |  | 10%
Corresponding return to common stockholder assuming actual asset coverage as of December 31, 2024 (1) |  | (28.2)% |  | (17.6)% |  | (7.0)% |  | 3.7% |  | 14.3%
(1) Assumes $3,912,018 in total assets, $1,983,401 in debt outstanding and $1,842,156 in net assets as of December 31, 2024, and an effective weighted average annual interest of 6.46% as of December 31, 2024 (excluding unused fees and financing costs). |  |  |  |  |
Return at Minus Ten [Percent] | (28.20%) |  |  |  |  |
Return at Minus Five [Percent] | (17.60%) |  |  |  |  |
Return at Zero [Percent] | (7.00%) |  |  |  |  |
Return at Plus Five [Percent] | 3.70% |  |  |  |  |
Return at Plus Ten [Percent] | 14.30% |  |  |  |  |
Effects of Leverage, Purpose [Text Block] | The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our Common Stock as of December 31, 2024, assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below (amounts in thousands). |  |  |  |  |
NAV Per Share | $ 20.81 | $ 20.67 | $ 19.81 | $ 20.91 | $ 20.08 | $ 20.00
Leverage Risk [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
General Description of Registrant [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk [Text Block] | We intend to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us. The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in our securities. The amount of leverage that we employ will be subject to the restrictions of the 1940 Act and the supervision of our Board of Directors. At the time of any proposed borrowing, the amount of leverage we employ will also depend on our Adviser’s assessment of market and other factors. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain credit at all or on terms acceptable to us. For example, due to the interplay of the 1940 Act restrictions on principal and joint transactions and the U.S. risk retention rules adopted pursuant to Section 941 of Dodd-Frank, as a BDC we are limited in our ability to enter into any securitization transactions. We cannot assure you that the SEC or any other regulatory authority will modify such regulations or provide administrative guidance that would give us greater flexibility to enter into securitizations. We have in the past and may in the future issue senior debt securities to banks, insurance companies and other lenders. Lenders of these senior securities will have fixed dollar claims on our assets that are superior to the claims of our common stockholders, and we would expect such lenders to seek recovery against our assets in the event of a default. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets, may grant a security interest in all of our assets and may pledge the right to make capital calls of stockholders under the terms of any debt instruments we may enter into with lenders. Under the terms of any credit facility or debt instrument we enter into, we are likely to be required to comply with certain financial and operational covenants. Failure to comply with such covenants could result in a default under the applicable credit facility or debt instrument if we are unable to obtain a waiver from the applicable lender or holder, and such lender or holder could accelerate repayment under such indebtedness and negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, under the terms of any credit facility or other debt instrument we enter into, we are likely to be required by its terms to use the net proceeds of any investments that we sell to repay a portion of the amount borrowed under such facility or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause our net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses or eliminating our equity stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our net investment income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make distributions on our Common Stock or any outstanding preferred stock. Our ability to service our debt depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. Our common stockholders bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of our use of leverage, including interest expenses and any increase in the base management fee payable to the Adviser. As a BDC, we generally are required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities, which include our borrowings and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future, which is currently 150%. If this ratio were to decline below 150% (or such other percentage as may be prescribed by law from time to time), we could not incur additional debt and could be required to sell a portion of our investments to repay some debt when it was disadvantageous to do so. This could have a material adverse effect on our operations, and we may not be able to make distributions in amounts sufficient to maintain our status as a RIC, or at all. The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our Common Stock as of December 31, 2024, assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing in the table below (amounts in thousands).
|  | Assumed Return on Our Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
|  | (10)% |  | (5)% |  | 0% |  | 5% |  | 10%
Corresponding return to common stockholder assuming actual asset coverage as of December 31, 2024 (1) |  | (28.2)% |  | (17.6)% |  | (7.0)% |  | 3.7% |  | 14.3%
(1) Assumes $3,912,018 in total assets, $1,983,401 in debt outstanding and $1,842,156 in net assets as of December 31, 2024, and an effective weighted average annual interest of 6.46% as of December 31, 2024 (excluding unused fees and financing costs). Based on our outstanding indebtedness of $1,983,401 as of December 31, 2024 and the effective weighted average annual interest rate of 6.46% (excluding unused fees and financing costs), our investment portfolio would have been required to experience an annual return of at least 3.28% to cover annual interest payments on the outstanding debt. |  |  |  |  |
2025 Notes [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities Amount | $ 275,000 | $ 275,000 | $ 275,000 |  |  |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | $ 1,930,000 | $ 2,146,000 | $ 1,912,000 |  |  |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |  |  |
2027 Notes [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities Amount | $ 425,000 | $ 425,000 | $ 425,000 |  |  |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | $ 1,930,000 | $ 2,146,000 | $ 1,912,000 |  |  |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |  |  |
2029 Notes [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities Amount | $ 350,000 |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | $ 1,930,000 |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | $ 0 |  |  |  |  |
Truist Credit Facility [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities Amount | $ 617,401 | $ 520,263 | $ 432,254 | $ 476,000 |  |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | $ 1,930,000 | $ 2,146,000 | $ 1,912,000 | $ 1,951,000 |  |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |  |
BNP Funding Facility [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities Amount | $ 316,000 | $ 282,000 | $ 400,000 | $ 463,500 | $ 0 |
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | $ 1,930,000 | $ 2,146,000 | $ 1,912,000 | $ 1,951,000 | $ 0 |
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
CIBC Subscription Facility [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Highlights [Abstract] |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Securities Amount | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 310,350 | $ 333,850 | $ 0
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 1,951,000 | $ 1,903,000 | $ 0
Preferred Stock Liquidating Preference | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0

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