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Deferred Acquisition Considerations (Notes) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Business Combinations [Abstract] |
Deferred Acquisition Considerations | . Acquisitions and Dispositions 2018 Acquisitions On September 7, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company purchased 100% interests of OneChocolate Communications Limited and OneChocolate Communications LLC, PR (“OneChocolate”) a digital marketing consultancy headquartered in London, UK, for an aggregate purchase price of $3,231, working capital payment of $966 and additional deferred acquisition payments with an estimated present value of $2,146. OneChocolate’s results are reflected in the Allison & Partners operating segment which is included in the Specialist Communications reportable segment which had an immaterial impact on our results. On July 1, 2018, the Company acquired the remaining 14.87% and 3% of membership interests of Doner Partners, LLC and Source Marketing LLC respectively for an aggregate purchase price of $7,618, comprised of a closing cash payment of $3,279 and additional deferred acquisition payments with an estimated present value of $4,305 as of December 31, 2018. As of the acquisition date, the fair value of the additional interests acquired was $16,361 for Doner Partners LLC. The fair values were measured using a discounted cash flow model. As a result of the transaction, the Company reduced noncontrolling interest by $11,946 and redeemable noncontrolling interest by $933. On April 2, 2018, the Company purchased 51% of the membership interests of Instrument LLC (“Instrument”), a digital creative agency based in Portland, Oregon, for an aggregate purchase price of $35,591. The acquisition is expected to facilitate the Company’s growth and help to build its portfolio of modern, innovative and digital-first agencies. The purchase price consisted of a cash payment of $28,561 and the issuance of 1,011,561 shares of the Company’s Class A subordinate voting stock with an acquisition date fair value of $7,030. The Company issued these shares in a transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The purchase price allocation for Instrument resulted in tangible assets of $10,304, identifiable intangibles of $23,130, consisting primarily of customer lists and a trade name, and goodwill of $32,776. In addition, the Company has recorded $27,357 as the fair value of noncontrolling interests, which was derived from the Company’s purchase price less a discount related to the noncontrolling parties’ lack of control. The identified assets have a weighted average useful life of approximately six years and will be amortized in a manner represented by the pattern in which the economic benefits of such assets are expected to be realized. The goodwill is tax deductible. Instruments’ results are included in the All Other category from a segment reporting perspective. The Company has a controlling financial interest in Instrument through its majority voting interest, and as such, has aggregated the acquired Partner Firm’s financial data into the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The operating results of Instrument in the current year is not material. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company acquired the remaining 24.5% ownership interest of Allison & Partners LLC for an aggregate purchase price of $10,023, comprised of a closing cash payment of $300 and additional deferred acquisition payments with an estimated present value at the acquisition date of $9,723. The deferred payments are based on the future financial results of the underlying business from 2017 to 2020 with final payments due in 2021. As of the acquisition date, the fair value of the additional interest acquired was $20,096. The fair value was measured using a discounted cash flow model. As a result of the transaction, the Company reduced redeemable noncontrolling interests by $8,857. The difference between the purchase price and the noncontrolling interest of $1,166 was recorded in additional paid-in capital. Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale The Company has initiated a process to sell its ownership interest in Kingsdale, an operating segment that provides shareholder services, and a foreign office within the Global Integrated Agencies reportable segment. The assets and liabilities of both entities were classified as Assets and Liabilities held for sale, at their fair value less cost to sell, within the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018. The significant assets classified as held for sale were accounts receivable and goodwill and significant liabilities were accounts payable and accrued liabilities. This also resulted in a write down of goodwill of Kingsdale totaling $4,691. This charge is included in Goodwill and other asset impairment within the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. The sale of Kingsdale was consummated on March 8, 2019. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. The sale of the foreign office is expected to be completed within the next twelve months. 2017 Acquisitions In 2017, the Company entered into various non-material transactions in connection with certain of its majority-owned entities. As a result of the foregoing, the Company made total cash closing payments of $3,858, increased fixed deferred consideration liability by $7,208, reduced redeemable noncontrolling interests by $816, reduced noncontrolling interests equity by $11,965, reduced noncontrolling interest payable by $397, and increased additional paid-in capital by $2,315. In addition, a stock-based compensation charge of $996 has been recognized representing the consideration paid in excess of the fair value of the interest acquired. 2017 Dispositions During 2017, the Company sold all of its ownership interests in three subsidiaries resulting in recognition of a net loss on sale of business of $1,732. The net assets reflected in the calculation of the net loss on sale was inclusive of goodwill of $17,593. Goodwill was allocated to the subsidiaries based on the relative fair value of the sold subsidiaries compared to the fair value of the respective reporting units. Additionally, the Company recorded a reduction in noncontrolling interests of $10,657. In addition, the Company sold a noncontrolling ownership interest in two subsidiaries during 2017. The Company recorded $6,961 of noncontrolling interest equity and $1,690 of redeemable noncontrolling interest, representing the fair value of the disposed ownership interest at the time of execution. Additionally, stock-based compensation of $2,473 was recognized, representing the excess in the proportionate fair value over the total consideration received. Deferred Acquisition Considerations Deferred acquisition consideration on the balance sheet consists of deferred obligations related to contingent and fixed purchase price payments, and to a lesser extent, contingent and fixed retention payments tied to continued employment of specific personnel. Contingent deferred acquisition consideration are recorded at the acquisition date fair value and adjusted at each reporting period through operating income, for contingent purchase price payments, or net interest expense, for fixed purchase price payments. The Company accounts for retention payments through operating income as stock-based compensation over the required retention period. The following table presents changes in contingent deferred acquisition consideration, which is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs, and a reconciliation to the amounts reported on the balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.
| 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance of contingent payments | $ | 119,086 |  |  | $ | 224,754 |
Payments (1) | (54,947 | ) |  | (110,234 | )
Additions - acquisition and step-up transactions | 14,943 |  |  | — |
Redemption value adjustments (2) | 3,512 |  |  | 3,273 |
Foreign translation adjustment | 4 |  |  | 1,293 |
Ending balance of contingent payments | $ | 82,598 |  |  | $ | 119,086 |
Fixed payments (3) | 1,097 |  |  | 3,340 |
| $ | 83,695 |  |  | $ | 122,426 |
(1) | For the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, payments include $28,727 of deferred acquisition consideration settled through the issuance of 3,353,939 MDC Class A subordinate voting shares in lieu of cash.
(2) | Redemption value adjustments are fair value changes from the Company’s initial estimates of deferred acquisition payments, including the accretion of present value and stock-based compensation charges relating to acquisition payments that are tied to continued employment. Redemption value adjustments are recorded within cost of services sold and office and general expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) | The Company made $6,366 in fixed payments for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.
The following table presents the impact to the Company’s statement of operations due to redemption value adjustments for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| 2018 |  | 2017
Income attributable to fair value adjustments | $ | (3,679 | ) |  | $ | (6,021 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | 7,191 |  |  | 9,294 |
Redemption value adjustments | $ | 3,512 |  |  | $ | 3,273 |

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