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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Nature of Operations

Nature of Operations

Triumph Bancorp, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, “TBI”, “Triumph”, or the “Company” as applicable) is a financial holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TBI and its wholly owned subsidiaries Triumph Capital Advisors, LLC (TCA), Triumph CRA Holdings, LLC (TCRA), National Bancshares, Inc. (NBI), NBI’s wholly owned subsidiary Triumph Community Bank, N.A. (TCB), Triumph Savings Bank, SSB (TSB), TSB’s majority owned subsidiary Triumph Commercial Finance LLC (TCF), TCF’s wholly owned subsidiary Advance Business Capital LLC (ABC), which currently operates under the d/b/a of Triumph Business Capital, and TSB’s wholly owned subsidiary Triumph Insurance Group (TIG). In addition, (i) TSB does business under the Triumph Commercial Finance name with respect to its commercial finance business, including asset-based lending, equipment lending and general factoring and (ii) TCB does business under the Triumph Healthcare Finance name with respect to its healthcare asset-based lending business.

In the third quarter of 2014, the TCF legal entity was dissolved and ABC became a wholly owned subsidiary of TSB.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which it holds, directly or indirectly, a controlling financial interest. In consolidation, all significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated. Investments in unconsolidated entities are accounted for using the equity method of accounting when the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financing decisions. Investments that do not meet the criteria for equity method accounting are accounted for using the cost method of accounting.

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and general practice within the banking industry. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation. The Company uses the accrual basis of accounting for financial reporting purposes.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, other short-term investments and federal funds sold. All highly liquid investments with an initial maturity of less than 90 days are considered to be cash equivalents.

Securities

Securities

Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and recorded at amortized cost. Trading securities are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value included in earnings. Securities not classified as held to maturity or trading, are classified as available for sale and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax.

Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific-identification method.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value in accordance with ASC 825, “Financial Instruments”, which provides entities with an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is determined based on outstanding commitments from investors to purchase such loans and upon prevailing market rates. Increases or decreases in the fair value of these loans held for sale, if any, are charged to earnings. Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing rights released. Gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are based on the difference between the final selling price and the fair value of the related loan sold.

Loans

Loans

Originated Loans: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned income, deferred loan fees and costs, and any direct principal charge-offs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan without anticipating prepayments. Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement or any portion thereof remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment. Loans are classified as nonaccrual when, in the opinion of management, collection of principal or interest is doubtful. Generally, loans are placed in nonaccrual status due to the continued failure to adhere to contractual payment terms by the borrower coupled with other pertinent factors, such as insufficient collateral value.

The accrual of interest income on single family residential mortgage, commercial and commercial real estate loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection, or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not received for a loan placed on nonaccrual is charged against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Purchased Loans: Purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considers various factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan was amortizing, and a discount rate reflecting the Company’s assessment of risk inherent in the cash flow estimates. Larger purchased loans are individually evaluated while smaller purchased loans are grouped together according to similar risk characteristics and are treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. These cash flow evaluations are inherently subjective as they require material estimates, all of which may be susceptible to significant change.

The cash flows expected to be collected on PCI loans are estimated based upon the expected remaining life of the underlying loans, which includes the effects of estimated prepayments. Purchased loans are considered credit impaired if there is evidence of credit deterioration at the date of purchase and if it is probable that not all contractually required payments will be collected. Interest income, through accretion of the difference between the carrying value of the loans and the expected cash flows is recognized on all PCI loans for which the timing and amount of future cash flows can be reasonably projected. Expected cash flows are re-estimated quarterly. A decline in the present value of current expected cash flows compared to the previously estimated expected cash flows, due in any part to change in credit, is referred to as credit impairment and recorded as provision for loan losses during the period. Declines in the present value of expected cash flows only from the expected timing of such cash flows are recognized prospectively as a decrease in yield on the loan. Improvement in expected cash flows is recognized prospectively as an adjustment to the yield on the loan once any previously recorded impairment is recaptured.

Purchased loans that are not considered PCI at acquisition have premiums or discounts. Premiums and discounts recognized when the loans are recorded at their estimated fair values at acquisition are amortized or accreted over the remaining term of the loan as an adjustment to the related loan’s yield. The subsequent accounting for acquired non-PCI loans follows the accounting for originated loans.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. The determination of the ALLL is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates which may be susceptible to significant changes. Loan losses are charged against the ALLL when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ALLL. Management estimates the ALLL balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the ALLL may be made for specific loans, but the entire ALLL is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged-off.

The ALLL consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and classified as impaired.

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

All loans are subject to being individually evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the ALLL is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not separately identified for impairment disclosures.

Troubled debt restructurings are separately identified and are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception. If a troubled debt restructuring is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the ALLL.

The general component of the ALLL covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company since acquisition. This actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.

The following loan portfolio categories have been identified:

Commercial Real Estate — This category of loans consists of the following loan types:

Commercial owner occupied — Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are primarily secured by commercial office or industrial buildings, warehouses or retail buildings where the owner of the building occupies the property. Repayment terms vary considerably, interest rates are fixed or variable, and are structured for full, partial, or no amortization of principal.

Commercial non-owner occupied — Investment real estate loans are primarily secured by non-owner occupied apartment, office and industrial buildings, warehouses, small retail shopping centers and various special purpose properties. These loans have similar terms and amortization periods as owner occupied commercial real estate loans. Generally, these types of loans are thought to involve a greater degree of credit risk than owner occupied commercial real estate as they are more sensitive to adverse economic conditions.

Multi-family residential — Investment real estate loans are primarily secured by non-owner occupied apartment or multifamily residential buildings. These loans have similar terms and amortization periods as owner occupied commercial real estate loans. Generally, these types of loans are thought to involve a greater degree of credit risk than owner occupied commercial real estate as they are more sensitive to adverse economic conditions.

Construction, land development, land —This category of loans consists of loans to finance the ground up construction, improvement and/or carrying for sale after the completion of construction of owner occupied and non-owner occupied residential and commercial properties, and loans secured by raw or improved land. The repayment of construction loans is generally dependent upon the successful completion of the improvements by the builder for the end user, or sale of the property to a third party. Repayment of land secured loans are dependent upon the successful development and sale of the property, the sale of the land as is, or the outside cash flow of the owners to support the retirement of the debt.

1-4 family residential properties — This category of loans includes both first and junior liens on residential real estate. Home equity revolving lines of credit and home equity term loans are included in this group of loans.

Farmland — These loans are principally loans to purchase farmland.

Commercial — Commercial loans are loans for commercial, corporate and business purposes not otherwise disclosed separately. The Company’s commercial business loan portfolio is comprised of loans for a variety of purposes and across a variety of industries.  These loans include general commercial and industrial loans, loans to purchase capital equipment, and business loans for working capital and operational purposes.  Commercial loans are generally is secured by accounts receivable, inventory and other business assets.  A portion of the commercial loan portfolio consists of specialty commercial finance products as follows:

Equipment — Equipment finance loans are commercial loans primarily secured by new or used revenue producing, essential-use equipment from major manufacturers that is movable, can be used in more than one type of business, and has broad resale markets. Core markets include construction, road, transportation, oil and gas, waste, forestry and machine tool. Loan terms do not exceed the economic life of the equipment and typically are 60 months or less.

Asset-based Lending — These loans are originated to borrowers to support general working capital needs.  The asset-based loan structure involves advances of loan proceeds against a borrowing base which typically consists of accounts receivable, identified readily marketable inventory, or other collateral of the borrower.  The maximum amount a customer may borrow at any time is fixed as a percentage of the borrowing base outstanding.

Healthcare — Asset-based loans to businesses dedicated exclusively to the healthcare industry.  These loans are made to providers in the areas of skilled nursing, home healthcare, physical therapy, and healthcare product delivery.

Factored Receivables — The Company operates as a factor by purchasing accounts receivable from its clients, then collecting the receivable from the account debtor. Advances initially made to the client to acquire the receivables are typically at a discount to the invoice value. The discount balance is held in client reserves, net of the Company’s compensation, to settle any payment disputes or collection shortfalls. Upon collection of the invoice and subsequent settlement of any additional client obligations, outstanding client reserves are typically remitted to the client.

Consumer — Loans used for personal use usually on an unsecured basis.

Mortgage Warehouse — Mortgage Warehouse loans are loans to independent mortgage origination companies collateralized by 1-4 family residential loans and the financial capacity of the borrower. The originator closes new mortgage loans with the intent to sell these loans to third party investors for a profit. The Company provides funding to the mortgage companies for the period between the origination and their sale of the loan. The Company separately validates that each residential mortgage loan was underwritten consistent with the underwriting requirements of the final investor or market standards prior to advancing funds. The Company is repaid with the proceeds received from sale of the mortgage loan to the final investor.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Stock and Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) Stock

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Stock and Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) Stock

The Company, through its banking subsidiaries, is a member of the FHLB system and regional Federal Reserve Banks. Members of the FHLB and FRB are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB and FRB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and depreciated using the straight-line method over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 10 to 30 years. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over five years.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired as part of an acquisition or through loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell at the date of acquisition, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. At the time of acquisition of properties not acquired as part of an acquisition, losses are charged against the ALLL, and gains realized to the extent fair value exceeds the carrying amount of the foreclosed loan are recorded as income. Improvements to the value of the properties are capitalized, but not in excess of the net realizable value of the property.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill resulting from business combinations is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. In the event the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, a bargain purchase gain is recognized.

Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Company’s balance sheet.

Other intangible assets consist primarily of core deposit and customer relationship assets arising from whole bank and business acquisitions and are amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated tax return with its subsidiaries and is taxed as a C corporation. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.  The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. No interest or tax penalties have been incurred for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 or 2012.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

In general, fair values of financial instruments are based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and/or the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company generally does not sell or transfer non-impaired loans and deposits. As such, the disclosures that present the December 31, 2014 and 2013 estimated fair value for non-impaired loans and deposits are highly judgmental and may not represent amounts to be received if the Company were to sell or transfer such items.

Asset Management Fees

Asset Management Fees

Asset management fee income is recognized through the Company’s CLO asset management business operated by TCA and consists of senior (or base) asset management fees, subordinated management fees, and performance-based incentive fees.  Senior and subordinated management fees are based upon a fixed fee rate applied to the amount of outstanding assets being managed by TCA.  Performance-based incentive fees are variable in nature and dependent upon the performance of a managed CLO above a prescribed level.  The Company does not accrue for performance-based incentive fees that are not finalized until the end of a specified contract period, but records such revenues only when final payment is confirmed.  The Company has not recognized any revenue that is at risk due to future asset management performance contingencies

Operating Segments

Operating Segments

The Company’s reportable segments are comprised of strategic business units primarily based upon industry categories and to a lesser extent, the core competencies relating to product origination, distribution methods, operations and servicing. Segment determination also considered organizational structure and our segment reporting is consistent with the presentation of financial information to the chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance, develop strategy, and allocate resources. Our chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer of Triumph Bancorp, Inc. The factoring segment includes the operations of ABC with revenue derived from factoring services. The banking segment includes the operations of TSB and TCB. Our banking segment derives its revenue principally from investments in interest earning assets as well as noninterest income typical for the banking industry. The banking segment also includes commercial factoring services which are originated through the commercial finance division of TSB. Corporate includes holding company financing and investment activities, management and administrative expenses to support the overall operations of the Company, the operations of TCA and TCRA.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale.

Loss Contingencies

Loss Contingencies

Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe such matters exist that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation cost is recognized for restricted stock awards issued to employees based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. The fair value of the awards is based upon the market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period.

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is net income less effects of noncontrolling interests and preferred shares divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period excluding nonvested restricted stock awards. Diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under stock warrants, restricted stock awards, and preferred shares that are convertible to common shares.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2013 the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income: Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” ASU 2013-02 requires the Company to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income if the amount being reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. The adoption of this ASU is reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Newly Issued, But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

Newly Issued, But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-04, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors.” ASU 2014-04 affects all creditors when an in substance repossession or foreclosure of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan in satisfaction of a receivable has occurred. The ASU is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis”, which simplifies consolidation accounting by reducing the number of consolidation models and changing various aspects of current GAAP, including certain consolidation criteria for variable interest entities.  The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.