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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of Loans Held for Sale
The following table presents loans held for sale:
(Dollars in thousands)December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
1-4 family residential$— $712 
Commercial5,641 6,618 
Total loans held for sale$5,641 $7,330 
Schedule of Amortized Cost and Unpaid Principal for Loans Held for Investment
The following table presents the amortized cost and unpaid principal for loans held for investment:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)Amortized CostUnpaid
Principal
DifferenceAmortized CostUnpaid
Principal
Difference
Commercial real estate$678,144 $679,239 $(1,095)$632,775 $634,319 $(1,544)
Construction, land development, land90,976 91,147 (171)123,464 123,643 (179)
1-4 family residential properties125,981 126,185 (204)123,115 123,443 (328)
Farmland68,934 69,185 (251)77,394 77,905 (511)
Commercial1,251,110 1,262,493 (11,383)1,430,429 1,440,542 (10,113)
Factored receivables1,237,449 1,241,032 (3,583)1,699,537 1,703,936 (4,399)
Consumer8,868 8,871 (3)10,885 10,883 
Mortgage warehouse658,829 658,829 — 769,973 769,973 — 
Total4,120,291 $4,136,981 $(16,690)4,867,572 $4,884,644 $(17,072)
Allowance for credit losses(42,807)(42,213)
$4,077,484 $4,825,359 
Summary of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses The activity in the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) related to loans held for investment is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)Beginning
Balance
Credit Loss Expense (Benefit)Charge-offsRecoveriesEnding
Balance
Year ended December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate$3,961 $546 $(108)$60 $4,459 
Construction, land development, land827 323 — 1,155 
1-4 family residential properties468 363 — 838 
Farmland562 (79)— — 483 
Commercial14,485 2,713 (2,205)925 15,918 
Factored receivables20,915 3,045 (5,853)1,014 19,121 
Consumer226 239 (435)145 175 
Mortgage warehouse769 (111)— — 658 
$42,213 $7,039 $(8,601)$2,156 $42,807 
(Dollars in thousands)Beginning
Balance
Credit Loss Expense (Benefit)Charge-offsRecoveriesEnding Balance
Year ended December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate$10,182 $(6,214)$(17)$10 $3,961 
Construction, land development, land3,418 (2,584)(12)827 
1-4 family residential properties1,225 (849)(34)126 468 
Farmland832 (270)— — 562 
Commercial22,040 (7,725)(481)651 14,485 
Factored receivables56,463 10,038 (46,043)457 20,915 
Consumer542 (92)(359)135 226 
Mortgage warehouse1,037 (268)— — 769 
 $95,739 $(7,964)$(46,946)$1,384 $42,213 
(Dollars in thousands)Beginning
Balance
ProvisionCharge-offsRecoveriesInitial ACL on Loans Purchased with Credit DeteriorationReclassification
To Held For Sale
Impact of Adopting ASC 326Ending
Balance
Year ended December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate$5,353 $3,607 $(320)$170 $— $— $1,372 $10,182 
Construction, land development, land1,382 2,005 (23)241 — — (187)3,418 
1-4 family residential properties308 378 (27)53 — — 513 1,225 
Farmland670 (355)— 80 — — 437 832 
Commercial12,566 11,336 (2,344)1,115 — (449)(184)22,040 
Factored receivables7,657 16,079 (3,201)143 37,415 — (1,630)56,463 
Consumer488 562 (573)117 — — (52)542 
Mortgage warehouse668 369 — — — — — 1,037 
$29,092 $33,981 $(6,488)$1,919 $37,415 $(449)$269 $95,739 
Individual And Collective Allowance For Credit Losses On Financing Receivables And Loan Balances
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans:
(Dollars in thousands)Real EstateAccounts
Receivable
EquipmentOtherTotalACL
Allocation
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate$1,003 $— $— $140 $1,143 $283 
Construction, land development, land150 — — — 150 — 
1-4 family residential1,342 — — 49 1,391 108 
Farmland196 — 108 96 400 — 
Commercial193 — 5,334 10,370 15,897 4,737 
Factored receivables— 42,409 — — 42,409 13,042 
Consumer— — — 91 91 — 
Mortgage warehouse— — — — — — 
Total$2,884 $42,409 $5,442 $10,746 $61,481 $18,170 
At December 31, 2022 the balance of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio included in factored receivables was $8,202,000 and was fully reserved. At December 31, 2022 the balance of Misdirected Payments included in factored receivables was $19,361,000 and carried no ACL allocation.
(Dollars in thousands)Real EstateAccounts
Receivable
EquipmentOtherTotalACL
Allocation
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate$2,143 $— $— $155 $2,298 $283 
Construction, land development, land987 — — — 987 — 
1-4 family residential1,583 — — 116 1,699 39 
Farmland1,803 — 126 116 2,045 — 
Commercial254 — 5,598 3,017 8,869 1,733 
Factored receivables— 42,863 — — 42,863 12,640 
Consumer— — — 240 240 21 
Mortgage warehouse— — — — — — 
Total$6,770 $42,863 $5,724 $3,644 $59,001 $14,716 
Summary of Contractually Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans
The following tables present an aging of contractually past due loans:
(Dollars in thousands)Past Due
30-59 Days
Past Due
60-90 Days
Past Due 90
Days or More
Total Past DueCurrentTotalPast Due 90
Days or More
Still Accruing
December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate$1,301 $— $455 $1,756 $676,388 $678,144 $— 
Construction, land development, land— — 145 145 90,831 90,976 — 
1-4 family residential properties936 531 776 2,243 123,738 125,981 — 
Farmland— — — — 68,934 68,934 — 
Commercial1,630 3,139 2,847 7,616 1,243,494 1,251,110 — 
Factored receivables42,797 12,651 37,142 92,590 1,144,859 1,237,449 37,142 
Consumer52 41 95 8,773 8,868 — 
Mortgage warehouse— — — — 658,829 658,829 — 
$46,716 $16,362 $41,367 $104,445 $4,015,846 $4,120,291 $37,142 
(Dollars in thousands)Past Due
30-59 Days
Past Due
60-90 Days
Past Due 90
Days or More
Total Past DueCurrentTotalPast Due 90
Days or More
Still Accruing
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate$1,021 $— $16 $1,037 $631,738 $632,775 $— 
Construction, land development, land30 — 145 175 123,289 123,464 — 
1-4 family residential properties730 332 1,114 2,176 120,939 123,115 134 
Farmland378 154 977 1,509 75,885 77,394 — 
Commercial996 346 4,948 6,290 1,424,139 1,430,429 — 
Factored receivables70,109 18,302 39,134 127,545 1,571,992 1,699,537 39,134 
Consumer255 48 99 402 10,483 10,885 — 
Mortgage warehouse— — — — 769,973 769,973 — 
$73,519 $19,182 $46,433 $139,134 $4,728,438 $4,867,572 $39,268 
Summary of Amortized Cost Basis of Loans on Nonaccrual Status
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses:
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)Total NonaccrualNonaccrual
With No ACL
Total NonaccrualNonaccrual
With No ACL
Commercial real estate$871 $319 $2,025 $1,375 
Construction, land development, land150 150 964 964 
1-4 family residential1,391 1,238 1,683 1,582 
Farmland400 400 2,044 2,044 
Commercial15,393 3,662 8,078 3,910 
Factored receivables— — — — 
Consumer91 91 240 159 
Mortgage warehouse— — — — 
$18,296 $5,860 $15,034 $10,034 
Schedule of Accrued Interest on Non Accrual Loans Reversed Through Interest Income
The following table presents accrued interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income:
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)202220212020
Commercial real estate$— $$438 
Construction, land development, land— 
1-4 family residential32 
Farmland— 39 
Commercial28 36 86 
Factored receivables— — — 
Consumer— 
Mortgage warehouse— — — 
$31 $56 $598 
Schedule of Nonperforming Loans
The following table presents information regarding nonperforming loans:
(Dollars in thousands)December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Nonaccrual loans(1)
$18,296 $15,034 
Factored receivables greater than 90 days past due28,940 29,057 
Other nonperforming factored receivables(2)
491 1,428 
Troubled debt restructurings accruing interest503 765 
$48,230 $46,284 
(1) Includes troubled debt restructurings of $1,897,000 and $3,912,000 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(2) Other nonperforming factored receivables represent the portion of the Over-Formula Advance Portfolio that is not covered by Covenant's indemnification. This amount is also considered Classified from a risk rating perspective.
Summary of Risk Category of Loans As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans is as follows:
Revolving
Loans
Revolving
Loans
Converted
To Term
Loans
Total
(Dollars in thousands)Year of Origination
December 31, 202220222021202020192018Prior
Commercial real estate
Pass$231,427 $156,895 $198,541 $28,033 $17,786 $35,658 $3,675 $— $672,015 
Classified3,668 551 1,855 39 — 16 — — 6,129 
Total commercial real estate$235,095 $157,446 $200,396 $28,072 $17,786 $35,674 $3,675 $— $678,144 
Construction, land development, land
Pass$71,236 $11,328 $4,535 $3,186 $35 $506 $— $— $90,826 
Classified— — — — 145 — — 150 
Total construction, land development, land$71,236 $11,328 $4,540 $3,186 $35 $651 $— $— $90,976 
1-4 family residential
Pass$26,306 $22,639 $9,536 $2,929 $3,528 $20,910 $38,361 $300 $124,509 
Classified137 199 53 1,006 69 — 1,472 
Total 1-4 family residential$26,443 $22,838 $9,543 $2,982 $3,529 $21,916 $38,430 $300 $125,981 
Farmland
Pass$18,190 $7,291 $10,027 $2,699 $6,742 $18,569 $1,016 $204 $64,738 
Classified1,062 2,796 120 108 — 110 — — 4,196 
Total farmland$19,252 $10,087 $10,147 $2,807 $6,742 $18,679 $1,016 $204 $68,934 
Commercial
Pass$358,983 $181,933 $136,635 $41,912 $5,842 $12,145 $486,889 $161 $1,224,500 
Classified10,721 10,579 3,767 1,038 96 116 293 — 26,610 
Total commercial$369,704 $192,512 $140,402 $42,950 $5,938 $12,261 $487,182 $161 $1,251,110 
Factored receivables
Pass$1,204,622 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $1,204,622 
Classified12,974 — 19,853 — — — — — 32,827 
Total factored receivables$1,217,596 $— $19,853 $— $— $— $— $— $1,237,449 
Consumer
Pass$2,768 $1,981 $894 $304 $266 $2,418 $147 $— $8,778 
Classified— — 79 — — 90 
Total consumer$2,768 $1,982 $896 $304 $274 $2,497 $147 $— $8,868 
Mortgage warehouse
Pass$658,829 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $658,829 
Classified— — — — — — — — — 
Total mortgage warehouse$658,829 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $658,829 
Total loans
Pass$2,572,361 $382,067 $360,168 $79,063 $34,199 $90,206 $530,088 $665 $4,048,817 
Classified28,562 14,126 25,609 1,238 105 1,472 362 — 71,474 
Total loans$2,600,923 $396,193 $385,777 $80,301 $34,304 $91,678 $530,450 $665 $4,120,291 
Revolving
Loans
Revolving
Loans
Converted
To Term
Loans
Total
(Dollars in thousands)Year of Origination
December 31, 202120212020201920182017Prior
Commercial real estate
Pass$211,088 $249,652 $50,223 $25,930 $47,447 $37,290 $4,595 $— $626,225 
Classified2,879 3,358 41 — 16 — 256 — 6,550 
Total commercial real estate$213,967 $253,010 $50,264 $25,930 $47,463 $37,290 $4,851 $— $632,775 
Construction, land development, land
Pass$56,764 $33,756 $4,744 $23,696 $1,199 $994 $$— $121,161 
Classified2,150 — — — 145 — — 2,303 
Total construction, land development, land$58,914 $33,764 $4,744 $23,696 $1,199 $1,139 $$— $123,464 
1-4 family residential
Pass$26,840 $15,195 $9,485 $6,526 $8,591 $22,151 $32,210 $318 $121,316 
Classified273 233 53 64 1,089 81 — 1,799 
Total 1-4 family residential$27,113 $15,428 $9,538 $6,532 $8,655 $23,240 $32,291 $318 $123,115 
Farmland
Pass$14,387 $13,396 $7,892 $8,040 $10,040 $19,792 $1,317 $241 $75,105 
Classified199 612 593 333 128 298 126 — 2,289 
Total farmland$14,586 $14,008 $8,485 $8,373 $10,168 $20,090 $1,443 $241 $77,394 
Commercial
Pass$466,254 $332,746 $77,010 $18,940 $15,032 $7,704 $490,159 $49 $1,407,894 
Classified9,317 6,858 5,088 558 56 456 202 — 22,535 
Total commercial$475,571 $339,604 $82,098 $19,498 $15,088 $8,160 $490,361 $49 $1,430,429 
Factored receivables
Pass$1,667,922 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $1,667,922 
Classified10,826 20,789 — — — — — — 31,615 
Total factored receivables$1,678,748 $20,789 $— $— $— $— $— $— $1,699,537 
Consumer
Pass$3,252 $1,794 $669 $553 $2,424 $1,882 $70 $— $10,644 
Classified— — 12 119 105 — — 241 
Total consumer$3,257 $1,794 $669 $565 $2,543 $1,987 $70 $— $10,885 
Mortgage warehouse
Pass$769,973 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $769,973 
Classified— — — — — — — — — 
Total mortgage warehouse$769,973 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $769,973 
Total loans
Pass$3,216,480 $646,539 $150,023 $83,685 $84,733 $89,813 $528,359 $608 $4,800,240 
Classified25,649 31,858 5,775 909 383 2,093 665 — 67,332 
Total loans$3,242,129 $678,397 $155,798 $84,594 $85,116 $91,906 $529,024 $608 $4,867,572 
Schedule of Loans Modified as Troubled Debt Restructurings
The following table presents the pre- and post-modification recorded investment of loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The Company did not grant principal reductions on any restructured loans.
(Dollars in thousands)Extended
Amortization
Period
Payment
Deferrals
Protective AdvancesTotal
Modifications
Number of
Loans
December 31, 2022
Commercial$45 $— $— $45 1
$45 $— $— $45 1
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate$— $— $741 $741 1
Commercial— 697 — 697 2
$— $697 $741 $1,438 3
December 31, 2020
Commercial real estate$— $727 $— $727 3
Construction, land development, land981 — 989 2
1-4 family residential properties— 171 — 171 1
Farmland3,486 — — 3,486 1
Commercial4,714 9,877 — 14,591 22
$8,208 $11,756 $— $19,964 29
Balance of Loans Modified Due to COVID-19
The following table summarizes the balance of loans modified for borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Year Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)202220212020
Total modifications10,801628,022
Summary of Amortized Cost of Loans Currently in Deferral The following table summarized the amortized cost of loans with payments currently in deferral and the accrued interest related to the loans with payments in deferral at December 31, 2021:
(Dollars in thousands)Total
Loans
Balance of
Loans Currently
in Deferral
Percentage
of Portfolio
Accrued
Interest
Receivable
December 31, 2021
Commercial real estate$632,775 $30,212 4.8 %$116 
Construction, land development, land123,464 1,340 1.1 %
1-4 family residential123,115 — — %— 
Farmland77,394 338 0.4 %
Commercial1,430,429 — — %— 
Factored receivables1,699,537 — — %— 
Consumer10,885 0.1 %— 
Mortgage warehouse769,973 — — %— 
Total$4,867,572 $31,896 0.7 %$124