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Share-based compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-based compensation | Share-based compensation 2011 Equity Incentive Plan In March 2011, the Company adopted its Equity Incentive Plan, or 2011 Plan, to attract and retain the most highly qualified and capable professionals and to promote the success of its business. This Plan is being used to reward certain employees for the success of the Company’s business through an annual award program. The 2011 Plan permits grants of awards relating to class A shares, including awards in the form of shares (also referred to as stock), options, restricted shares, restricted share units, share appreciation rights, performance awards and other share-based awards as will be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2011 Plan is 2.5% of the Company’s total outstanding class A and class B shares immediately following its initial public offering 2011. The Company made recurring grants of restricted share units in each of the fiscal years from 2011 to 2019. Each restricted share unit represents the right to receive a Class A share when vested. From 2011 to 2018, these recurring annual awards vest as follows: 40% on the second anniversary of the date of grant and 20% on each of the following three anniversaries. The 2019 award vested on May 10, 2020. However, in the event of death, disability or retirement of the employee, any unvested portion of the annual award will be fully vested. The value of restricted shares units is based on the quoted market price of the Company’s class A shares at the grant date. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (continued) The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to this award in the amount of $129, $327 and $1,564 during fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is included within “General and administrative expenses” in th e consolidated statements of income (loss). Restricted Share Units The following table summarizes the activity of restricted share units during fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020:
|  | Units |  | Weighted-average grant-date fair value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 |  | 937,839 |  |  | 7.50 |  |
Partial vesting of 2015 grant |  | (101,928) |  |  | 6.33 |  |
Partial vesting of 2016 grant |  | (114,045) |  |  | 4.70 |  |
Partial vesting of 2017 grant |  | (67,606) |  |  | 9.20 |  |
Partial vesting of 2018 grant |  | (163,695) |  |  | 8.50 |  |
Vesting of 2019 grant |  | (35,000) |  |  | 8.00 |  |
Forfeitures |  | (4,367) |  |  | 7.75 |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 |  | 451,198 |  |  | 7.80 |  |
Partial vesting of 2016 grants |  | (110,213) |  |  | 4.70 |  |
Partial vesting of 2017 grants |  | (62,742) |  |  | 9.20 |  |
Partial vesting of 2018 grants |  | (79,673) |  |  | 8.50 |  |
Forfeitures |  | (11,774) |  |  | 8.69 |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 |  | 186,796 |  |  | 8.70 |  |
Partial vesting of 2017 grants |  | (51,613) |  |  | 9.20 |  |
Partial vesting of 2018 grants |  | (64,895) |  |  | 8.50 |  |
Forfeitures |  | (8,522) |  |  | 8.62 |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 |  | 61,766 |  |  | 8.50 |  |
Exercisable at December 31, 2022 |  | — |  |  | — |  |
The total fair value of restricted share units vested during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $1,026, $1,773 and $3,475, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 the Company issued 116,223 Class A shares. Therefore, accumulated recorded compensation expense totaling $1,024 was reclassified from “Additional paid-in capital” to “Common Stock” upon issuance. As of December 31, 2022, there were 7,885 Class A shares, amounting to $58 pending of issuance in connection with previous partial vesting. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (continued) Restricted Share Units (continued) The following table provides a summary of outstanding restricted share units at December 31, 2022:
Number of units outstanding (i) | 61,766 |
Weighted-average grant-date fair market value per unit | 8.50 |
Total grant-date fair value | 525 |
Weighted-average accumulated percentage of service | 92.90 | %
Stock-based compensation recognized in Additional paid-in capital | 488 |
Compensation expense not yet recognized (ii) | 37 |
(i)Related to awards that will vest in 2023. (ii)Expected to be recognized in a weighted-average period of 0.1 years. Phantom RSU Award In May 2019, the Company implemented a new long-term incentive plan (called Phantom RSU Award) to reward employees giving them the opportunity to share the success of the Company in the creation of value for its shareholders. In accordance with this plan, the Company granted units (called “Phantom RSU”) to certain employees, pursuant to which they are entitled to receive, when vested, a cash payment equal to the closing price of one Class A share on the respective day in which this benefit is due and the corresponding dividends per-share (if any) formally declared and paid during the service period. However, in the event of death, disability or retirement of the employee, any unvested portion of the annual award will be fully vested. During 2019, the Company granted awards with different vesting periods: 465,202 units which vest over a requisite service period of five years as follows: 40% at the second anniversary of the date of grant and 20% at each of the following three years and 1,207,455 units which vest 100% at the fifth anniversary from the date of grant. During 2020, the Company granted 65,440 units that vested 100% at May 2021. During 2021, the Company granted awards with different vesting periods: 874,294 units which vest 100% at the third anniversary from the grant date; and 44,093 units that vested 100% at April 2022. During 2022, the Company granted awards with different vesting periods: 866,481 units which vest 100% at the third anniversary from the grant date; and 41,055 units which vest 100% at April 2023. The Company recognizes compensation expense related to these benefits on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. As a consequence, when the award includes multiple vesting periods, it is considered as multiple awards. The total compensation expense as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, amounts to $7,448, $3,452 and $1,232 respectively, which has been recorded under “General and administrative expenses” within th e consolidated statement of income (loss). The accrued liability is remeasured at the end of each reporting period until settlement. Phantom RSU Award (continued) The following table summarizes the activity under the plan as of December 31, 2022:
|  | Units |  | Settlement |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 |  | 1,661,820 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Grant 2020 |  | 65,440 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Partial vesting of 2019 grant (i) |  | (5,162) |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (31,614) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 |  | 1,690,484 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Grant 2021 |  | 918,387 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Partial vesting of 2019 Grant (ii) |  | (173,916) |  |  | 1,104 |  |  |  |  |
Vesting of 2020 grant (iii) |  | (65,440) |  |  | 416 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeitures |  | (329,027) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 |  | 2,040,488 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Grant 2022 |  | 907,536 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Partial vesting of 2019 grant (iv) |  | (63,257) |  |  | 431 |  |  |  |
Vesting of 2021 grant (v) |  | (44,093) |  |  | 320 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeitures |  | (128,919) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 |  | 2,711,755 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
The following table provides a summary of the plan at December 31, 2022:
|  |  |  | Total Non-vested (i) |  |
Number of units outstanding (i) |  |  |  | 2,711,755 |  |  |  |
Current share price |  |  |  | 8.36 |  |  |  |
Total fair value of the plan |  |  |  | 22,670 |  |  |  |
Weighted-average accumulated percentage of service |  |  |  | 52.69 | % |  |  |  |
Accrued liability (ii) |  |  |  | 11,945 |  |  |  |
Compensation expense not yet recognized (iii) |  |  |  | 10,725 |  |  |  |
(i)Related to awards that will vest between April 2023 and May 2025. (ii)Presented within “Accrued payroll and other liabilities” in the Company’s current and non-current liabilities balance sheet. (iii)Expected to be recognized in a weighted-average period of 1.88 years. The Company recognized $966, $75 and $(244) of related income tax benefit/(expense) for the share-based compensation plans during fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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